Lesson 1
1 Customs area关税区
2 Conversion货币兑换
3 Visible trade形贸易 The form of commodity trade ie exporting and
importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another (including cash transactionby means of money and market and counter trade)
4 Invisible trade形贸易 The form of transportation communication bankinginsurance consulting information etc is called invisible trade or service industries
5 FDI外国直接投资 Foreign direct investments Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country P256 One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them
6 Portfolio investment证券投资 Purchases of foreign financial assets for a
purpose other than controlling
7 Stocks股票 Capital stocks or bonds
8 Bonds债券 The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay
back the money lent or invested together with interest 9 Maturity（票等）期
10 Certificate of deposit额存单
11 Licensing许营 In licensing a firm leases the right to use its intellectual
property to a firm in another country They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business and can simply receive income in the form of royalty
12 Franchising特许营 Under franchising franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another franchiser who provides the former with trademarks brand names logos and operating techniques for royalty
13 Trade Mark商标
14 Patent专利
15 Royalty专利（许）费版税
16 Copyright版权
17 Licenser许方
18 Licensee许方
19 Franchiser特许方 A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks brand names logos and operating techniques for royalty
20 Franchisee特许方 A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another
21 Management contract理合 Under a management contract one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume 22 Value chain价值链
23Turnkey project交钥匙工程 For an international turnkey project a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion
24建设营移交 Build Operate Transfer
25 Expertise专门知识
26 Bonus红利奖金津贴
27 Royalty 许费
28 International investment国际投资 Supplying capital by residents of one
country to another
29 Contract manufacturing承包生产
30 GATT关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
31 International business国际商务 Transaction between parties from different
countries Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export 32 Intellectual property知识产权
33 Oil deposit 石油储备 oil reserves
34 the reserves of natural resources 然资源储备
35 Personal advancement晋升素质提高事业进步等
Lesson 2
1 GNP国民生产总值 Gross national Product The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy
2 GDP国生产总值 Gross Domestic Product The market value of all goods and
services produced within the geographic area of an economy 3 National income国民收入 4 Per capital income均收入
5 Per capital GDP均国生产总值 It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by
its population which reveals the average income level of consumers
6 PPP购买力价 Purchasing power parity
7 Consumerism消费义
8 Income distribution收入分布 The proportions of its rich middle income and
poor people
9 Infra structure基础设施
10 10 Staple goods路货
11 Invoice （开）发票
12 Creditor country债权国
13 OECD合组织济合作开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
14 The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体独立国家联合体
15 ASEAN 东盟东南亚国家联盟 Association of Southeast Asian Nationals 16 NIEs（亚洲四虎） Newly Industrialized Economies 17 Factors of production生产素
Lesson 3
1 Economic integration济体化
2 Free trade area贸易区 The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves while still adopts each own external policy
3 Customs union关税盟 The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves and adopt the same external policy
4 Tariff rates关税税率
5 Settlement
6 NAFTA北美贸易协定 North American Free Trade Agreement
7 Common market市场 The members remove barriers not only to trade but
also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy 8 Banknotes circulation货币流通 9 Cartel卡塔尔
10 APEC亚太合组织亚洲太洋济合作组织 Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation
11 OPEC石油输出国组织 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
12 European Commission欧盟委员会
13 Council of ministers部长理事会
14 DualMinisterial meeting双部长会议
15 Quota Restrictions配额限制
16 Economic Union (EU)济盟 The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation government expenditure industry policies and use the same currency
17 EU欧盟欧洲联盟 European Union
18 EC欧体欧洲体 European Community
19 Benelux荷卢（利时荷兰卢森堡三国）Belgium Netherlands
Luxemburg
20 Mercousur南方市场 Southern Cone Customs Union
21 ECSC欧洲煤钢体 European Coal and Steel Community 22 EEC欧洲济体 European Economic Community
23 EURATOM欧洲原子体欧洲原子联营 European Atomic Energy
Community
24 SOM高官会议 Senior Officials Meeting
25 TILF贸易投资便利化化 Trade and investment liberation and facilitation 26 ECOTECH济技术合作 Economic and technical cooperation 27 Political entity政治实体 28 Sovereign state权国家 29 Multipolarization极化 30 Subcommittee分委员会
31 NTA新跨西洋议程 New Transatlantic Agenda
32 TABD跨西洋商业话 Transatlantic Business Dialogue
33 TACD跨西洋消费者话 Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue
34 Territory economies区域济体
35 Pacific Rim环太洋圈
36 Informal Meeting of Economic Leaders领导非正式会议
Lesson 5
1 Services服务
2 Primary commodities初级产品
3 Specialization专业化 To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields
4 Absolute advantage绝利益 It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital land and labor)
5 Comparative advantage较利益 It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities ie it has absolute disadvantage in production both commodities there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade
6 Capital资
7Land and labor土劳动力
8 International trade国际贸易 The exchange of goods and services produced
in one country with those produced in another sufficient 9 Farm produce农产品
10Scarce resources 稀缺资源
Lesson 6
1Tariff关税 A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a
custom area
2 Quota配额 A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a
given period of time It is the most common
form of nontariff barriers
3 Import duties进口关税 Tariffs levied on goods entering an area
4 Export duties出口关税 Taxes levied on goods leaving an area
5 Ad valorem duty价税
6 Specific duty量税
7 Compound duties复税混合关税
8 Drawback退税 Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the
goods are reexported
9 Mostfavorednation (MFN) treatment惠国遇 A tariff treatment under
which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions
granted to any participating country
10 Tariff schedule税率表税 非关税壁垒
11 GSP普惠制 Generalized system of preferences
12 Reasonable costs合理成
13 Customs area关税区
14 Customs union关税盟
15 Tariff barriers 关税壁垒 The traditional protectionism measure
Lesson7
1Deal agreements especially in business on certain terms for buying or selling something
2Trade terms words or phrases that are peculiar to trade(贸易术语)
3Trade practices way of doing business that is common or habitual(贸易惯例)
4Negotiable (of a checkbond etc)that can be exchanged for cash or passed to another person instead of cash(转)
5EDIElectronic Data Interchange(电子数交换)
6Customs clearance (document giving)authorization or permission for goods to pass through customs(结关)
7Dispatch sending the goods off to the destination(发运)
8International Chamber of Commerce(ICC) an international nongovernmental commercial organization which came into existence in 1920 with its headquarters in Paris(国际商会)
9Roll onroll off designed to allow vehicles to be driven onto and off it(滚装滚卸)
10Incoterms a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms(国际贸易术语解释通)
11Negotiable transport document(转装运单)
12FOBFree on Broad(起运港船交货)
13CFRCost and Freight(成加运费)
14CIFCostInsurance and Freight(成保险费加运费)
15EXWEx Work(工厂交货)
16FCAFree Carrier(货交承运)
17FASFree Alongside Ship(装运港船边交货)
18CPTCarriage Paid To(运费付)
19CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To(运费保险费付)
20DAFDelivered at Frontier(边境交货)
21DESDeliver Ex Ship(目港船交货)
22DEQDeliver Ex Quay(目港码头交货)
23DDUDeliver Duty Unpaid(未完税交货)
24DDPDeliver Duty Paid(完税交货)
Lesson8
1Inquiry the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered(询价)
2Quotation include all necessary information required by the enquiry and sent by the exporter (报价)
3Validity period a stipulated time before which an offer is considered open a validity period is indispensable to a firm offer(效期)
4Offer find the part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussion his own proposals which constitute a counteroffer )
5Counter offer be made in relation to the price terms of payment time of shipment or other terms and conditions of the offer (盘)
6Offeree the party to whom the offer is made (收盘)
7Sales(purchase) contract when the contract is made by the seller(buyer) it is called a sales(purchase) contract（销售(采购)合）
8Sales(purchase) confirmation （销售(购货)确认书）
9Consignment sending of goods for delivery(寄售)
10Contracting parties persons companies countries that sign a contract(缔约方)
11Force majeure something that happens out of control of the parties who have signed a contract(such as strikewarstorm)(抗力)
12Arbitration settlement of a dispute by the decision of someone chosen as a judge by both sides(仲裁)
13Business line type of business or work(营范围)
14Contract proper the body of a contract(合正文)
15Article number the number of the produces or things for sale(货号)
Lesson9
1counter trade 销贸易反贸易：counter trade is a peculiar from of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally panned economies
2net positions 实际头寸
3empirical 验根
4hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀：normal trade relations were breaking down
5Reichsbank 德国国家银行
6goodsare vertically related联系货物
7European payment union 欧洲支付联盟
8competitive devaluations 竞争性贬值
9protectionism 贸易保护义
10photocopying machine 复印机
11processing trade 加工贸易
12Centrally planned economies 中央计划济国家西方认社会义国家
13crossborder contract 进出口合：that link a seller’s exports to imports from buyer
14Volkswagen 众汽车公司
15Xerox corporation 施乐公司（美国）
16consignment 寄售
17leasing trade 租赁贸易
Lesson10
1debtor 债务
2financial standing 财务状况
3credit worthiness 资信状况
4periodic payments 分阶段付款
5cash in advance 预付现金
6draft(the bill of exchange) 汇票：is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future
7drawer 出票：the person who draws the draft
8drawee 受票：the person to whom the draft is drawn
9payee 受款：the person receiving the payment
10sight draft 期汇票：calls for immediate payment on pesentation to the drawee
11usance draft 远期汇票：(tender draft or term draft）payable at a later date eg 30456090 days after sight or date
12documentary draft 单汇票：the draft is accompanied by the relevant documents
13clean draft 光票
14bill of lading 提单
15documentary collection 单托收
16DP at sight 期付款交单：requires immediate payment bu the importer to get hold of the documents
17DP after sight远期付款交单：gives the importer a certain period after presentation of the documentsbut documents are not released to him until he actually pays fot the merchandise
Lesson 11
1applicant (Opener or Principal)申请 The person who instructs his bank to
issue an LC (the importer)
2opening bank (Issuing bank Establishing bank)开证行 The bank that issues
the credit
3beneficiary受益The exporter in whose favour the credit is opened
4correspondent band行关系行The bank in the exporter’s country
which the opening bank sends the credit to it
5advising bank通知行 The bank in the exporter’s country which advises the
exporter the LC is received
6amendment修改
7confirming bank保兑行 The bank adds its confirmation to the credit
8reimburse偿付
9unit price单价
10partial shipment分批装运
11transshipment转运
12the uniform customs and practice of documentary credits单信证统惯例
13in favor of …受益
14the carrying vessel载货船
15 The letter of Credit (LC)信证The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the
request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation
of the relevant documents
16paying bank付款行 The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange
17negotiating bank议付行 The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to
it
Lesson 12
1clean credit光票信证 The credits only require clean draft
2nontrade settlement非贸易结算
3 revocable credit撤消信证 The credits can be altered or even canceled
without consulting with the beneficiary
4irrevocable credit撤消信证 The credits can not be amended or
revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned
5maturity期满期
6nationalize国化
7confirmed credit保兑信证 The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank
8leading bank (Prime bank First rate bank)银行
9sight credit期信证 The credit by which payment can be made upon
presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the
bank
10usance credit (Term credit Time credit)远期信证The credit by which
payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date
of after sight
11capital turnover资金周转
12face value面值
13transferable credit转信证 The credit can be transferred by the
original beneficiary to one or more parties
14nontransferable credit转信证 The credit can not be transferred
15nondraft credit汇票信证 The credit that payment of to be made by
presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and
presenting a draft
16discount折扣
17deferred payment延期付款
18revolving credit循环信证 The credit stipulated that its amount can be
renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made
19insolvent支付力
20the documentary credit单信证 The credits that require shipping
documents to be presented together with the draft
a particular transaction笔特定交易
Lesson13
1 Documents单
2 Documentation单制作 3 Take delivery of提（货） 4 Commission佣金 5 Discount折扣
6 Shipping marks唛头运输标记 7 Bill of lading提（货）单
8 Carrier承运 The shipping company 9 Shipper货托运发货
10 Consignor托运 11 Carriage运输运费 12 Consignee收货
13 Notify party货通知通知 14 Payable应支付支付 15 Airway bill空运（提）单 16 Railway bill收货单（铁路）
17 Insurance policy保险单（保单） 18 Insurance certificate保险单（保单） 19 Cargo receipt铁路运单货运收
20 Commercial invoice商业发票 The document is the general description of the
quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price The contents Invoice number and the date name and address of the buyer and the seller contract number and credit number description of the goods including name of the commodity quantity specifications etc unit price total price price terms and commission and discount if any terms of delivery and terms of payment packing shipping marks etc and seal or signature of the exporter 21 Legal holder合法持 22 Customs invoice海关发票 23 Consular invoice领事发票 24 Consular visa领事签证 25 Shipping advice装船通知 26 Certificate of quality品质证书 27 Certificate of weight重量证书 28 Certificate of quantity数量证书 29 Certificate of health健康证书
30 Certificate of disinfection消毒证书 31 Certificate of origin产证书 兽医证书
33 Packing list装箱单 The documents gives information such as the number date
name and description of the goods shipping marks packing number of packagesspecific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc
34 Straight bill of lading记名提单 It is made out so that only the named consignee
is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill 35 Port of shipment发货港装运港起运港
Lesson14
1 Finished products制成品 2 Deregulation放松制 3 Productivity生产率
4 Cost economies节约成成节约 5 Intermediate products中间产品半成品 6 Natural product province然产品领域 7 Inventory存货库存 8 Logistics物流
9 Justintime inventory system零库存
10 Common carrier公承运 It is privately or publicly owned companies
committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination
11 Contract carrier契约承运 Individual contracts may be arranged between
transportation users and carriers (the transportation company) 承运
13 Representative carriers代表性运载工具 14 Production approach生产方式
15 Transportation and freight transportation运输货物运输 In broad sense
transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another In a formal sense freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business 16 Carrier承运
17 Shipper托运 Consigner 18 Consignee收货
Lesson 15
1 Insured保险保户 The person who transfer risk
2 Insurer承保 The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance
company the underwriter) 3 Claim索赔
4 Client客户顾 5 Margin保证金 6 Draw提取支取 7 Jeopardy危险风险 8 Literature文献说明书
31
9 Underwriter保险公司
10 Known premium已知保险费 11 Pool统筹资金款项
12 Cargo insurance货物保险 It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk
from the shoulders of the exports and importers and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist riskbearing underwriters
海保险 The insurance of ships and their cargoes
14 Insurance保险 It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk
and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk
15 Values exposed to loss损失价值 16 Release of funds腾出资金 17 Broker纪
Lesson 16
1 Port of origin始发港
2 Voidable效
3 Indemnity赔偿原 It holds that a contract of insurance is one which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred
4 Ruin破产
5 Insurable interest保利益 It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect)
6 Terms of sale价格条件买卖条款
7 All Risks全险切险综合险
8 Principle of utmost good faith诚信原：The people who decide what
premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form
9 Subrogation代位求偿原
10 Contribution分摊原 It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk and claim compensation from both insurers If two policies do cover the same event the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position
11 Proximate cause of the loss原 It means that when an insurance policy is
made out to cover a certain risk a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate (closest) cause of the loss suffered
12 Forwarding charges转运费
13 F PA安险 Free from particular average
14水渍险 With particular average
15 Adversely affected受负面影响
16 Force majeure抗力 Social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contraction party
Lesson 17
1 Exchange rate汇率兑换率 It refers to the price at which one currency can be exchange for another currency
2 Direct quote quotation（汇率）直接标价 A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency
3 Indirect quote quotation（汇率）间接标价 An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency
4 Buying rate买入价 It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency
5 Selling rate卖出价 It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency
6 Medial rate中间价： It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate
7 Gold standard金位制：It under which countries pledged to change their paper currencies into gold when requested to do so
8 Reserve currency储备货币：To reduce the demand for the dollar
9 Special drawing right（SDRs）特提款权：It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settled official transactions at the IMF
10 lean floatFree float清洁浮动浮动：the government takes no various measures to intervene in the price of its currency
11 Managed float or dirty float理浮动肮脏浮动：the central banks takes no various measures to intervene in the price of its currency
12 Discount（贴现）：a sum of money allowed for immediate payment of some due at later date
13 Idle founds(游资)：They are the money held in the form of cash or held in idle balances
14 BOP国际收支 Balance of Payment statement of total payments to and the total receipts from foreign countries within a certain period of time
15 IBRD国际复兴开发银行：International Bank of Reconstruction and Development Its loans are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth
16 IMF 国际货币基金组织：International Monetary Fund
Lesson 18
1 IDA国际发展协会 International Development Association
2 IFC国际金融公司 International Finance Corporation
3 BIS国际清算银行 The Bank for International Settlement
4 Quota of IMF份额 The deposit paid by each member to the IMF
5 MIGA边投资担保机构 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency To encourage equity investment and other direct investment flows to developing countries
6 World Bank Group世界银行集团It is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and its three affiliates the International Development Association (IDA) the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
7 Financial resources(资金[财政资源])：money wealth which a person country company etc has or can use
8 Private sector(私营济部门)：in a mixed economy it is owned and operated by private enterprise not by government department or public corporations
9 Grace period(优惠期宽限期)：the time period stipulated in most loan contracts and insurance policies during which a late payment will not result in default or cancellation
10 Capital infrastructure(基础设施)：stock of fixed capital equipment a country
Lesson19
1 Returns收益
2 Customer mobility：顾客流动性
3 Inventory：存货 the raw materials workinprocess products and finished goods that are considered to be the portion of a business's assets that are ready or will be ready for sale
4 Tax holiday：免税期
5 Greenfield strategy：绿战略 Building new enterprises
6 Acquisition购 Purchasing existing facilities
7 Join venture：合资企业 A join venture is an independent bussiness entity founded and owned by two or more partners called parents
Lesson20
1Secondary capital market二级资市场Offers investors a place to trade those securities
2The giltedged market金边证券市场A large proportion of the government spending is raised through income taxi VAT corporation tax and other taxes However a shortfall usually remains which has to be met by borrowing in order to balance the books One of the ways the government meets the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling giltedged stocks Gilts are bought and sold in huge quantities mainly by institutional investors
3The traded options market期权交易市场
Options are contracts giving the right to buy and sell a security at an agreed price within a particular period of time The Traded Options Market provides investors with means to hedge or protect their positions in underlying security by buying or selling an option In addition to company securities options are also available on gilts currencies and indices
4The foreign equities market外国股票市场
Foreign equities which refer to securities listed on overseas exchanges have become an increasingly important part of the business of securities firms whether or not these firms were members of the International Stock Exchange
PS（P278279页翻译）
Lesson21
1 WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
2 ITO International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织
3 GAAT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定
4 GSP Generalized System of Preferences 普惠制意
5 UNCTAD ：United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易发展会议
6 MFN ：Mostfavorednation treatment 惠国遇
Lesson22
1ECOSOC Economic and Social Council 联合国济社会理事会
2UN(United Nations) General Assembly 联合国会
3LDCs Less Developed Countries 欠发达国家
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1 Customs area关税区
2 Conversion货币兑换
3 Visible trade形贸易 The form of commodity trade ie exporting and
importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another (including cash transactionby means of money and market and counter trade)
4 Invisible trade形贸易 The form of transportation communication bankinginsurance consulting information etc is called invisible trade or service industries
5 FDI外国直接投资 Foreign direct investments Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country P256 One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them
6 Portfolio investment证券投资 Purchases of foreign financial assets for a
purpose other than controlling
7 Stocks股票 Capital stocks or bonds
8 Bonds债券 The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay
back the money lent or invested together with interest 9 Maturity（票等）期
10 Certificate of deposit额存单
11 Licensing许营 In licensing a firm leases the right to use its intellectual
property to a firm in another country They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business and can simply receive income in the form of royalty
12 Franchising特许营 Under franchising franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another franchiser who provides the former with trademarks brand names logos and operating techniques for royalty
13 Trade Mark商标
14 Patent专利
15 Royalty专利（许）费版税
16 Copyright版权
17 Licenser许方
18 Licensee许方
19 Franchiser特许方 A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks brand names logos and operating techniques for royalty
20 Franchisee特许方 A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another
21 Management contract理合 Under a management contract one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume 22 Value chain价值链
23Turnkey project交钥匙工程 For an international turnkey project a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion
24建设营移交 Build Operate Transfer
25 Expertise专门知识
26 Bonus红利奖金津贴
27 Royalty 许费
28 International investment国际投资 Supplying capital by residents of one
country to another
29 Contract manufacturing承包生产
30 GATT关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
31 International business国际商务 Transaction between parties from different
countries Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export 32 Intellectual property知识产权
33 Oil deposit 石油储备 oil reserves
34 the reserves of natural resources 然资源储备
35 Personal advancement晋升素质提高事业进步等
Lesson 2
1 GNP国民生产总值 Gross national Product The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy
2 GDP国生产总值 Gross Domestic Product The market value of all goods and
services produced within the geographic area of an economy 3 National income国民收入 4 Per capital income均收入
5 Per capital GDP均国生产总值 It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by
its population which reveals the average income level of consumers
6 PPP购买力价 Purchasing power parity
7 Consumerism消费义
8 Income distribution收入分布 The proportions of its rich middle income and
poor people
9 Infra structure基础设施
10 10 Staple goods路货
11 Invoice （开）发票
12 Creditor country债权国
13 OECD合组织济合作开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
14 The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体独立国家联合体
15 ASEAN 东盟东南亚国家联盟 Association of Southeast Asian Nationals 16 NIEs（亚洲四虎） Newly Industrialized Economies 17 Factors of production生产素
Lesson 3
1 Economic integration济体化
2 Free trade area贸易区 The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves while still adopts each own external policy
3 Customs union关税盟 The members remove barriers to trade among
themselves and adopt the same external policy
4 Tariff rates关税税率
5 Settlement
6 NAFTA北美贸易协定 North American Free Trade Agreement
7 Common market市场 The members remove barriers not only to trade but
also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy 8 Banknotes circulation货币流通 9 Cartel卡塔尔
10 APEC亚太合组织亚洲太洋济合作组织 Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation
11 OPEC石油输出国组织 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
12 European Commission欧盟委员会
13 Council of ministers部长理事会
14 DualMinisterial meeting双部长会议
15 Quota Restrictions配额限制
16 Economic Union (EU)济盟 The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation government expenditure industry policies and use the same currency
17 EU欧盟欧洲联盟 European Union
18 EC欧体欧洲体 European Community
19 Benelux荷卢（利时荷兰卢森堡三国）Belgium Netherlands
Luxemburg
20 Mercousur南方市场 Southern Cone Customs Union
21 ECSC欧洲煤钢体 European Coal and Steel Community 22 EEC欧洲济体 European Economic Community
23 EURATOM欧洲原子体欧洲原子联营 European Atomic Energy
Community
24 SOM高官会议 Senior Officials Meeting
25 TILF贸易投资便利化化 Trade and investment liberation and facilitation 26 ECOTECH济技术合作 Economic and technical cooperation 27 Political entity政治实体 28 Sovereign state权国家 29 Multipolarization极化 30 Subcommittee分委员会
31 NTA新跨西洋议程 New Transatlantic Agenda
32 TABD跨西洋商业话 Transatlantic Business Dialogue
33 TACD跨西洋消费者话 Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue
34 Territory economies区域济体
35 Pacific Rim环太洋圈
36 Informal Meeting of Economic Leaders领导非正式会议
Lesson 5
1 Services服务
2 Primary commodities初级产品
3 Specialization专业化 To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields
4 Absolute advantage绝利益 It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital land and labor)
5 Comparative advantage较利益 It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities ie it has absolute disadvantage in production both commodities there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade
6 Capital资
7Land and labor土劳动力
8 International trade国际贸易 The exchange of goods and services produced
in one country with those produced in another sufficient 9 Farm produce农产品
10Scarce resources 稀缺资源
Lesson 6
1Tariff关税 A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a
custom area
2 Quota配额 A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a
given period of time It is the most common
form of nontariff barriers
3 Import duties进口关税 Tariffs levied on goods entering an area
4 Export duties出口关税 Taxes levied on goods leaving an area
5 Ad valorem duty价税
6 Specific duty量税
7 Compound duties复税混合关税
8 Drawback退税 Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the
goods are reexported
9 Mostfavorednation (MFN) treatment惠国遇 A tariff treatment under
which a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions
granted to any participating country
10 Tariff schedule税率表税 非关税壁垒
11 GSP普惠制 Generalized system of preferences
12 Reasonable costs合理成
13 Customs area关税区
14 Customs union关税盟
15 Tariff barriers 关税壁垒 The traditional protectionism measure
Lesson7
1Deal agreements especially in business on certain terms for buying or selling something
2Trade terms words or phrases that are peculiar to trade(贸易术语)
3Trade practices way of doing business that is common or habitual(贸易惯例)
4Negotiable (of a checkbond etc)that can be exchanged for cash or passed to another person instead of cash(转)
5EDIElectronic Data Interchange(电子数交换)
6Customs clearance (document giving)authorization or permission for goods to pass through customs(结关)
7Dispatch sending the goods off to the destination(发运)
8International Chamber of Commerce(ICC) an international nongovernmental commercial organization which came into existence in 1920 with its headquarters in Paris(国际商会)
9Roll onroll off designed to allow vehicles to be driven onto and off it(滚装滚卸)
10Incoterms a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms(国际贸易术语解释通)
11Negotiable transport document(转装运单)
12FOBFree on Broad(起运港船交货)
13CFRCost and Freight(成加运费)
14CIFCostInsurance and Freight(成保险费加运费)
15EXWEx Work(工厂交货)
16FCAFree Carrier(货交承运)
17FASFree Alongside Ship(装运港船边交货)
18CPTCarriage Paid To(运费付)
19CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To(运费保险费付)
20DAFDelivered at Frontier(边境交货)
21DESDeliver Ex Ship(目港船交货)
22DEQDeliver Ex Quay(目港码头交货)
23DDUDeliver Duty Unpaid(未完税交货)
24DDPDeliver Duty Paid(完税交货)
Lesson8
1Inquiry the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered(询价)
2Quotation include all necessary information required by the enquiry and sent by the exporter (报价)
3Validity period a stipulated time before which an offer is considered open a validity period is indispensable to a firm offer(效期)
4Offer find the part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussion his own proposals which constitute a counteroffer )
5Counter offer be made in relation to the price terms of payment time of shipment or other terms and conditions of the offer (盘)
6Offeree the party to whom the offer is made (收盘)
7Sales(purchase) contract when the contract is made by the seller(buyer) it is called a sales(purchase) contract（销售(采购)合）
8Sales(purchase) confirmation （销售(购货)确认书）
9Consignment sending of goods for delivery(寄售)
10Contracting parties persons companies countries that sign a contract(缔约方)
11Force majeure something that happens out of control of the parties who have signed a contract(such as strikewarstorm)(抗力)
12Arbitration settlement of a dispute by the decision of someone chosen as a judge by both sides(仲裁)
13Business line type of business or work(营范围)
14Contract proper the body of a contract(合正文)
15Article number the number of the produces or things for sale(货号)
Lesson9
1counter trade 销贸易反贸易：counter trade is a peculiar from of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally panned economies
2net positions 实际头寸
3empirical 验根
4hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀：normal trade relations were breaking down
5Reichsbank 德国国家银行
6goodsare vertically related联系货物
7European payment union 欧洲支付联盟
8competitive devaluations 竞争性贬值
9protectionism 贸易保护义
10photocopying machine 复印机
11processing trade 加工贸易
12Centrally planned economies 中央计划济国家西方认社会义国家
13crossborder contract 进出口合：that link a seller’s exports to imports from buyer
14Volkswagen 众汽车公司
15Xerox corporation 施乐公司（美国）
16consignment 寄售
17leasing trade 租赁贸易
Lesson10
1debtor 债务
2financial standing 财务状况
3credit worthiness 资信状况
4periodic payments 分阶段付款
5cash in advance 预付现金
6draft(the bill of exchange) 汇票：is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future
7drawer 出票：the person who draws the draft
8drawee 受票：the person to whom the draft is drawn
9payee 受款：the person receiving the payment
10sight draft 期汇票：calls for immediate payment on pesentation to the drawee
11usance draft 远期汇票：(tender draft or term draft）payable at a later date eg 30456090 days after sight or date
12documentary draft 单汇票：the draft is accompanied by the relevant documents
13clean draft 光票
14bill of lading 提单
15documentary collection 单托收
16DP at sight 期付款交单：requires immediate payment bu the importer to get hold of the documents
17DP after sight远期付款交单：gives the importer a certain period after presentation of the documentsbut documents are not released to him until he actually pays fot the merchandise
Lesson 11
1applicant (Opener or Principal)申请 The person who instructs his bank to
issue an LC (the importer)
2opening bank (Issuing bank Establishing bank)开证行 The bank that issues
the credit
3beneficiary受益The exporter in whose favour the credit is opened
4correspondent band行关系行The bank in the exporter’s country
which the opening bank sends the credit to it
5advising bank通知行 The bank in the exporter’s country which advises the
exporter the LC is received
6amendment修改
7confirming bank保兑行 The bank adds its confirmation to the credit
8reimburse偿付
9unit price单价
10partial shipment分批装运
11transshipment转运
12the uniform customs and practice of documentary credits单信证统惯例
13in favor of …受益
14the carrying vessel载货船
15 The letter of Credit (LC)信证The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the
request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation
of the relevant documents
16paying bank付款行 The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange
17negotiating bank议付行 The bank buys the exporter’s draft submitted to
it
Lesson 12
1clean credit光票信证 The credits only require clean draft
2nontrade settlement非贸易结算
3 revocable credit撤消信证 The credits can be altered or even canceled
without consulting with the beneficiary
4irrevocable credit撤消信证 The credits can not be amended or
revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned
5maturity期满期
6nationalize国化
7confirmed credit保兑信证 The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank
8leading bank (Prime bank First rate bank)银行
9sight credit期信证 The credit by which payment can be made upon
presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the
bank
10usance credit (Term credit Time credit)远期信证The credit by which
payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date
of after sight
11capital turnover资金周转
12face value面值
13transferable credit转信证 The credit can be transferred by the
original beneficiary to one or more parties
14nontransferable credit转信证 The credit can not be transferred
15nondraft credit汇票信证 The credit that payment of to be made by
presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and
presenting a draft
16discount折扣
17deferred payment延期付款
18revolving credit循环信证 The credit stipulated that its amount can be
renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made
19insolvent支付力
20the documentary credit单信证 The credits that require shipping
documents to be presented together with the draft
a particular transaction笔特定交易
Lesson13
1 Documents单
2 Documentation单制作 3 Take delivery of提（货） 4 Commission佣金 5 Discount折扣
6 Shipping marks唛头运输标记 7 Bill of lading提（货）单
8 Carrier承运 The shipping company 9 Shipper货托运发货
10 Consignor托运 11 Carriage运输运费 12 Consignee收货
13 Notify party货通知通知 14 Payable应支付支付 15 Airway bill空运（提）单 16 Railway bill收货单（铁路）
17 Insurance policy保险单（保单） 18 Insurance certificate保险单（保单） 19 Cargo receipt铁路运单货运收
20 Commercial invoice商业发票 The document is the general description of the
quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price The contents Invoice number and the date name and address of the buyer and the seller contract number and credit number description of the goods including name of the commodity quantity specifications etc unit price total price price terms and commission and discount if any terms of delivery and terms of payment packing shipping marks etc and seal or signature of the exporter 21 Legal holder合法持 22 Customs invoice海关发票 23 Consular invoice领事发票 24 Consular visa领事签证 25 Shipping advice装船通知 26 Certificate of quality品质证书 27 Certificate of weight重量证书 28 Certificate of quantity数量证书 29 Certificate of health健康证书
30 Certificate of disinfection消毒证书 31 Certificate of origin产证书 兽医证书
33 Packing list装箱单 The documents gives information such as the number date
name and description of the goods shipping marks packing number of packagesspecific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc
34 Straight bill of lading记名提单 It is made out so that only the named consignee
is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill 35 Port of shipment发货港装运港起运港
Lesson14
1 Finished products制成品 2 Deregulation放松制 3 Productivity生产率
4 Cost economies节约成成节约 5 Intermediate products中间产品半成品 6 Natural product province然产品领域 7 Inventory存货库存 8 Logistics物流
9 Justintime inventory system零库存
10 Common carrier公承运 It is privately or publicly owned companies
committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination
11 Contract carrier契约承运 Individual contracts may be arranged between
transportation users and carriers (the transportation company) 承运
13 Representative carriers代表性运载工具 14 Production approach生产方式
15 Transportation and freight transportation运输货物运输 In broad sense
transportation is defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another In a formal sense freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business 16 Carrier承运
17 Shipper托运 Consigner 18 Consignee收货
Lesson 15
1 Insured保险保户 The person who transfer risk
2 Insurer承保 The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance
company the underwriter) 3 Claim索赔
4 Client客户顾 5 Margin保证金 6 Draw提取支取 7 Jeopardy危险风险 8 Literature文献说明书
31
9 Underwriter保险公司
10 Known premium已知保险费 11 Pool统筹资金款项
12 Cargo insurance货物保险 It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk
from the shoulders of the exports and importers and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist riskbearing underwriters
海保险 The insurance of ships and their cargoes
14 Insurance保险 It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk
and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk
15 Values exposed to loss损失价值 16 Release of funds腾出资金 17 Broker纪
Lesson 16
1 Port of origin始发港
2 Voidable效
3 Indemnity赔偿原 It holds that a contract of insurance is one which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred
4 Ruin破产
5 Insurable interest保利益 It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect)
6 Terms of sale价格条件买卖条款
7 All Risks全险切险综合险
8 Principle of utmost good faith诚信原：The people who decide what
premium is fair for a particular cover do so on the basis of written statements made in a proposal form
9 Subrogation代位求偿原
10 Contribution分摊原 It holds that a person cannot be allowed to insure twice for the same risk and claim compensation from both insurers If two policies do cover the same event the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position
11 Proximate cause of the loss原 It means that when an insurance policy is
made out to cover a certain risk a claim becomes payable only if that risk occurred as the proximate (closest) cause of the loss suffered
12 Forwarding charges转运费
13 F PA安险 Free from particular average
14水渍险 With particular average
15 Adversely affected受负面影响
16 Force majeure抗力 Social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contraction party
Lesson 17
1 Exchange rate汇率兑换率 It refers to the price at which one currency can be exchange for another currency
2 Direct quote quotation（汇率）直接标价 A direct exchange rate is the price of a foreign currency in terms of the home currency
3 Indirect quote quotation（汇率）间接标价 An indirect exchange rate is the price of home currency in terms of a foreign currency
4 Buying rate买入价 It refers to the rate by which a commercial bank buys a currency
5 Selling rate卖出价 It is the rate by which a bank sells a currency
6 Medial rate中间价： It is the average of the buying rate and the selling rate
7 Gold standard金位制：It under which countries pledged to change their paper currencies into gold when requested to do so
8 Reserve currency储备货币：To reduce the demand for the dollar
9 Special drawing right（SDRs）特提款权：It is sometimes called paper gold and used to settled official transactions at the IMF
10 lean floatFree float清洁浮动浮动：the government takes no various measures to intervene in the price of its currency
11 Managed float or dirty float理浮动肮脏浮动：the central banks takes no various measures to intervene in the price of its currency
12 Discount（贴现）：a sum of money allowed for immediate payment of some due at later date
13 Idle founds(游资)：They are the money held in the form of cash or held in idle balances
14 BOP国际收支 Balance of Payment statement of total payments to and the total receipts from foreign countries within a certain period of time
15 IBRD国际复兴开发银行：International Bank of Reconstruction and Development Its loans are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth
16 IMF 国际货币基金组织：International Monetary Fund
Lesson 18
1 IDA国际发展协会 International Development Association
2 IFC国际金融公司 International Finance Corporation
3 BIS国际清算银行 The Bank for International Settlement
4 Quota of IMF份额 The deposit paid by each member to the IMF
5 MIGA边投资担保机构 Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency To encourage equity investment and other direct investment flows to developing countries
6 World Bank Group世界银行集团It is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and its three affiliates the International Development Association (IDA) the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
7 Financial resources(资金[财政资源])：money wealth which a person country company etc has or can use
8 Private sector(私营济部门)：in a mixed economy it is owned and operated by private enterprise not by government department or public corporations
9 Grace period(优惠期宽限期)：the time period stipulated in most loan contracts and insurance policies during which a late payment will not result in default or cancellation
10 Capital infrastructure(基础设施)：stock of fixed capital equipment a country
Lesson19
1 Returns收益
2 Customer mobility：顾客流动性
3 Inventory：存货 the raw materials workinprocess products and finished goods that are considered to be the portion of a business's assets that are ready or will be ready for sale
4 Tax holiday：免税期
5 Greenfield strategy：绿战略 Building new enterprises
6 Acquisition购 Purchasing existing facilities
7 Join venture：合资企业 A join venture is an independent bussiness entity founded and owned by two or more partners called parents
Lesson20
1Secondary capital market二级资市场Offers investors a place to trade those securities
2The giltedged market金边证券市场A large proportion of the government spending is raised through income taxi VAT corporation tax and other taxes However a shortfall usually remains which has to be met by borrowing in order to balance the books One of the ways the government meets the Public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling giltedged stocks Gilts are bought and sold in huge quantities mainly by institutional investors
3The traded options market期权交易市场
Options are contracts giving the right to buy and sell a security at an agreed price within a particular period of time The Traded Options Market provides investors with means to hedge or protect their positions in underlying security by buying or selling an option In addition to company securities options are also available on gilts currencies and indices
4The foreign equities market外国股票市场
Foreign equities which refer to securities listed on overseas exchanges have become an increasingly important part of the business of securities firms whether or not these firms were members of the International Stock Exchange
PS（P278279页翻译）
Lesson21
1 WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
2 ITO International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织
3 GAAT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定
4 GSP Generalized System of Preferences 普惠制意
5 UNCTAD ：United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易发展会议
6 MFN ：Mostfavorednation treatment 惠国遇
Lesson22
1ECOSOC Economic and Social Council 联合国济社会理事会
2UN(United Nations) General Assembly 联合国会
3LDCs Less Developed Countries 欠发达国家
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