新概念英语第二册
★Lesson 1 A private conversation
★private adj私
① adj 私
private life 私生活
private school 私立学校
It's my private letter （果妈妈想信）
It's my private house （果陌生想进房子）
② adj 普通
private citizen 普通公民
I’m a private citizen （citizen n 公民）
private soldier 兵
Private Ryan（拯救兵瑞恩）
public adj 公众公开（private反义词）
public school 公立学校
public letter 公开信
public place 公场
privacy n隐私
It’s privacy 隐私(愿知道)
★conversation n谈话
have a + talkchatdialogueconversationgossip 名词变动词
conversation 般正式文体中 容正式
subject of conversation 话题
They are having a conversation
talk 容正式正式 私
Let’s have a talk
dialogue 话 指正式国家国家会谈
China and Korea are having a dialogue
chat 闲聊北京说侃说关紧事
gossip 嚼舌头 说长道短
★theatre n剧场 戏剧
cinema n电影院
★seat n座位
have a good seatplace里seat指place(指点)chair
take a seattake your seat 坐 坐
Is the seat taken 位置
请坐3种说法
Sit down please (命令性)
Take your seat please
Be seated please (更礼貌)
作动词seatsit区
sit（satsitten） vi 座
He is sitting there 坐
seat vt某座
seat sb 某坐面会加
Seat yourself
You seat him找位置
When all those present(场者)_D_ he began his lecture
A sit B set C seated D were seated
sit down 坐be seatedtake a seat 坐
★angry adj 生气
★angrily adv 生气
angry cross
I was angry He was cross
annoyed 恼火
be blue in the face 脸突然变色
程 I was annoyed
度 I was angrycross
加 I was very angry
深 I am blue in the face (脸色青 相生气)
★attention n 注意
Attention please 请注意(口语)
pay attention 注意
pay attention to … ……注意
You must pay attention to that girl
pay a little attention 稍加注意
pay much attention 加注意
pay more attention 更注意
pay no attention 注意
pay close attention 特注意
★bear(bore born) v 容忍
① vt 承受支撑承担负担
Can the ice bear my weight
Who will bear the cost 谁承担笔费？
② vt 忍受（般cancould连疑问句否定句中）
She eats too fast I can’t bear to watchwatching her 吃太快着受
How can you bear living in this place 受住方？
bear stand put up with
I can't bearstand you
endure忍受容忍
put up with 忍受
I got divorced（离婚）I could not put up with him
bearstandendure 忍受极限加
bear n熊 white bear 白熊
bear hug 热情(热烈)拥抱
give sb a bear hug
★business n 事 生意
① n 生意
business man 生意
do business 做生意
go to some place on business公出差
I went to Tianjin on business
② n 某私事情
It's my business (指私事 处理事)
It's none of your business 关事
★rudely adv 礼 粗鲁
rude adj 粗鲁礼
★pay vt &vi 支付
① vt &vi 支付（价款等）
Have you paid the taxidriver
You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds… 您先付30英镑定金……
I’ll pay by instalments
I paid 50 dollars for this skirt （pay…for sth 花支付……（钱）买……）
② vt &vi 予（注意等）（访问）
They did not pay any attention
We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday 星期天拜访老师
③ n 工资报酬
I have not received my pay yet 没领工资
课文讲解
1Last week I went to the theatre
动词 go 原义离开方方介词 to 连常加语目代表语动作目
go to the +点 表示某干嘛
go to the theatre go to the theatre to see a play剧场戏
go to the cinema see a film 电影院电影
go to the dairy 牛奶店
go to the + + 's 表示开店
go to the doctor's 病go to the butcher's 买肉
短语中名词前加冠词：
go to school 学go to church 做礼拜go to hospital(医院) 病go to bed 床睡觉go home（home相连定表示没事情做回家休息）
I am at home 家休息
2I had a very good seat
seat般指戏院汽车等配置固定座位抽象表示座位位子等概念
the front seat of a car 汽车前座
Take a seat please 请坐
3I did not enjoy it
enjoy vt 欣赏享受喜爱
① enjoy +n 喜欢中种享受（面）
I enjoy the music
enjoy the dinnerfilmprogramgame
② enjoy oneself代词 玩开心
We always enjoy ourselves
③ enjoy +动名词
Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming She enjoys going to the theatre
4I got very angry
get 里逐渐变含义接 become表示程动词表示状态变化I was very angry仅表示时状态生气暗示程
I amwas angry 事实
I got angry 强调变化程
It is hot
It got hot
got 取代be动词got半联系动词直接加形容词
5I could not hear the actors I turned round
hear+听见某话
I could not hear you Beg your pardon
I couldn't hear youI couldn't hear a wordI couldn't catch your words
I couldn't hear you clearlyI couldn't catch your words
Beg your pardon I couldn't catch your words
turn round turn around 转身
6In the end I could not bear it
in the end 终表示段较长时间某种努力
She tried hard to finish her homework by herself In the end she had to ask her brother for help
I could not bear ityouthe noise
7I can't hear a word
I can't hear a word
美音肯定I can 否定I can't t吞进 读音难区 根文定
hear a word of sb （a word 等句话）
He didn't say a word
May I speak to JimMay I have a word with Jim
8It's none of your business
one’s business 指某（关心份）事
It's none of your businessNone of your businessIt's my business 关事
It is my business to look after your health 必须顾身体健康
none相not anyno one语气较强
She kept none of his letters 信件封没保留
none of 短语时表达种断然甚粗暴口气尤祈句中：
None of your silly remarks 说傻话
Key structures
简单陈述句语序
陈述句定语动词宾语句号
6 1 2 3 4 5 6
when Who Action Who How Where When
Which Which
What What
1 语般名词代词名词短语构成通常位动词前动词必须语致语决定动词单复数形式
2 谓语动词充
3 宾语般名词代词名词短语
4 副词介词短语方式状态提问做状语 I like her very much
5 点状语般方式副词时间副词前
6 时间状语放句首句末
简单陈述句定少语 谓语
果问时固定搭配 when and where
★Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch
★until prep直
until表示动作状态等持续译直……止……前肯定句中表示持续性状态动词连表示持续某时刻：
I’ll wait here until 5 会里等5点钟
His father was alive until he came back 直回止爸爸活着
否定句中通常描述短暂动作动词连表示……止直……：
She cannot arrive until 6 6点
His father didn't die until he came back 直回爸爸死
until（句）时间终止前动作做没做？做前面句肯定没做前面句否定
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining
A waited B didn't wait
A leave B left C didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock
★outside adv 外面（作状语）
He is waiting for me outside
It is cold outside
★ring(rang rung) v(铃电话等)响
① vt 鸣(铃电话等)响(种响刺耳 提醒做某事)
Every morning the clock rings at 6
The telephone(door bell) is ringing
风铃等响jinglejingle (bell) (铃) 响叮
② vt 电话（美语中 call）
ring sb 某电话
Tomorrow I'll ring you
③ n （）电话
give sb a ring
Remember to give me a ring Remember to ring me
④ n 戒指
★aunt n 姑姨婶舅妈(长辈女性称呼)
男性uncle 叔叔
孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(分男女)
cousin孩子：nephew 外甥niece 外甥女
★repeat v 重复
① vt 重复
Will you repeat the last word
They are repeating that wonderful paly
② vi 重做重说
Please repeat after me
Don’t repeat
课文讲解
1It was Sunday
it指时间天气温度距离it称虚语（empty subject）作第三称单数中性代词it指件东西件事件指什：
It is a lovely baby
2I never get up early on Sundays
on Sundays 星期天逢星期天般现时连表示常性行
介词on般表示某天时间短语中：on Mondayon Monday morningon that day
lastnextthisthat 时介词（定冠词）必须省略：
I’ll see you nextthis Friday
never (直接动词前面)助动词+not (变成否定句前面定加助动词)
I don't like herI never like her
3I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime
表达卧床时bed前需加冠词：
It’s time for bed now
You must stayremain in bed for another two days 必须卧床两天
4Just then the telephone rang It was my aunt Lucy
just then 时
果知道方性 it取代
Who are youWho is it
5I've just arrived by train
by 直接加交通工具(修饰词 复数)果加修饰词 换掉byinon
I go out by bus
I go out inon two buses （指具体两辆车介词 inon）
Long ago people could go to America only by shipsea
果特指交通工具加冠词限定词：
My aunt left by the 915 train
by air 飞机 by bicyclebike 骑行车
by boat 船 by bus 公汽车
by car 汽车 by land 陆路
by plane 飞机 by sea 海路
by ship 船 by train 火车
6I'm coming to see you
come 现进行时态 be coming 表示般表示期计划安排进行动作样法动词：gocomeleavearrivelandmeetdiestartreturnjoin…
7Dear me
天英国说Dear meMy dear
美国说 My god 注意美英发音
Key structures
现进行时般现时
现进行时表示说话时正发生正发生事件表示现阶段(段时间)动现进行时常nowjuststill等副词连：
I am working as a teacher 现阶段
He is still sleeping （现睡觉）
Jane is just dressing up 简正扮
般现时表示惯性动作 真理 现未会发生事情般现时般频率副 词oftenalwayssometimesneverfrequentlyrarelyever等连
Helen never writes to her brother Tony She sometimes rings him
频率副词放句子中实义动词前 非实义动词果实义动词非实义动词 放两间疑问句中副词放语面否定句中not必须放always 前出现 generallynormallyoftenregularlyusually前not必须出现sometimes frequently表示肯定速记句尾特强调需时frequentlygenerallynormallysometimesusually等副词句首
I get paid on Friday usually
Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath
非实义动词
① 系动词(be)
② 帮助动词构成时态助动词(do does will shall have had has)
③ 情态动词(must can may) 外实义动词
I frequently go to bed hungry （形容词作状语）
He went to school hungry饿着肚子学
You must come here hungry空腹里
Special Difficulties
what开头感叹句：
英语中what引导感叹句表示惊奇愤怒赞赏喜悦等感情感叹中谓语采正常语序
What 名词感叹感叹句结构：What +aan (+adj)+n(+语+谓语)
What a good girl (she is) （谓省）
文定语境 省略形容词般省略形容词表示批评意思
What a thing to say 难听话啊
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)
★Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card
★send v 寄 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth to sb send sb sth 某送（寄）什东西
sendtake children to school：take强调某亲送send通第三送 美国校车
take flowers to his wife 送
send flowers to his wife 店里送
★postcard n 明信片
两爆破音起前者失爆破音里tk前者失爆破音
name card visiting card 名片
Here is my name card (口语常 时伴着递出动作)
ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）
credit card 信卡
cash card 现金卡 储蓄卡 工资卡(透支种)
★spoil(spoiledspoilt) v 索然味 损坏
① vt 弄坏损坏糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend 幸消息没周末
The rain spoiled the school sports 场雨学校运动会弄团糟
This spoiled my day
What you said spoiled me
His arrival spoiled my holiday
② vt 宠坏惯坏溺爱
Don’t spoil your children 太惯孩子
His parents spoiled the boy
spoil 东西质量变 生活中心事宠坏 溺爱
break 破 break the windows 破玻璃
damage 破坏 程度定重
destroy 破坏 彻底摧毁
三指物理破坏 spoil指精神
★museum n 博物馆
Palace Museum 宫
★public adj 公
① adj 公公众社会
There is a public library in this town
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays
② adj 公开众皆知
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later 秘密会晤20年公开
public house（酒吧）简称pub
public place 公场
in public 公开in private 私里
Let’s have a conversation in private 私谈谈
Why not have a conversation in public 什公开谈呢(面说呢)
③ n 公众群众众
The public isare pleased with his explanation 公众解释满意
The museum is open to the public on Sunday
★friendly adj 友 咯
friendly形容词单独时般做定语作状语表示做什事情友 短语in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John
She gave me a friendly greeting
He always greets me in a friendly way
ly结尾形容词lovelybrotherlyfatherlymanlymotherly
★waiter n 服务员 招员
waiter(男服务员) waitress(女服务员) 出现餐馆里
chief waiter 领班
I want to see the chief waiter 见领班
shop assistant 商店里店员
attendant n （公场）服务员
★lend v
lend to（出）：lend sth to sblend sb sth
Can you lend me 20 please I’ll paygive it back tomorrow
borrow from（进）：borrow sth from sbborrow sth （borrow borrow sb sth）
He borrowed my pen yesterday He hasn’t given me it yet
★decision n 决定
make take a decision作出决定
It was not easy for me to maketake this decision
Are you madetaken a decision
make a biggreat decision (big：重great：伟 更重)
decide v 决定
★whole adj 整
a whole bottle of milk 整瓶牛奶
the whole…the whole day 整天 two whole weeks 整整两星期
all th…all the day (the省略) 整天
all of面果加代词 代词前面需修饰词旦加名词 前面定加the
all of usall of the students
★single adj 唯 单
反义词 double 双倍
课文讲解
1Last summer I went to Italy
last：
① adj
last summer里last表示
② adj 表示时加冠词the
the last day 天 （具体天天早中晚on）
2A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian
ItalianItaly 注意重读音位置
teach sb sth 教某做某事
He teaches our English(错)
He teaches us English()
语言数 a little Italiana few words of Italian
I can speak a little Englisha few words of English
a few复数数名词连表示肯定含 somea small number of（少数）意思
The police would like to ask him a few questions 警察问问题
3Everyday I thought about postcards
think aboutof 考虑 思考指某段时间直想考虑某事 think of指想
What do you think of
What do you think of TV program last night
What do you think of the weather today 觉天气样
think over 仔细考虑反复思考
What’s the weather like today
cold chilly（非常非常冷） freeze
I'll freeze冻僵
4I spent the whole day in my room but I did not write a single card
spend表示时间词短语连时意思花（时间） 度
spend+时间+点 什点花费度少时间
I spend three hours in the sea
I spend my weekend at my mother's
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam(交通堵塞)
spend表示花钱
If we spend all the money we’ll be poor again
I can’t spend any more on this car
Key structures
般时
般时通常表示发生现已结束事件动作情况通常指动作时发生指动作持续久
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter
Yes I caught a cold last winter
Special Difficulties
直接宾语间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果动作涉事物)间接宾语(动作目标动作谁做谁做通常)间接宾语数情况置直接宾语前果间接宾语间接宾前必须加to（表示动作什做）for（表示动作什做）
give sb sthgive sth to sb
间接宾语面时 前必须加to(……言) for(……做)翻译 for果翻译 to
to相连give take pass read sell buypayhandbringshowpromiseofferowe
take flowers to my wife
for 相连 buy order make find
I buy a book for you
make a cake for you
find sth for sb
do sb a favor 帮某忙
Do me a favor pleaseDo a favor for me 帮忙
I do something for you
Can I order something for you
Can I buy you a bottle of beer 意请喝杯酒意思
★Lesson 4 An exciting trip
★exciting adj 令兴奋
exciting adj 令兴奋excited adj 兴奋
ed 感 ing令感
The news exciting
exciting boy 令兴奋男孩
I am excited
excite v 激动 （类动词宾语定面感……）
The news excited me
interesting adj 令感趣interested adj 感意思
interesting man
The man is interesting
interest v ……感兴趣
The book interests me 书感趣
★receive v 接受 收
① vt 接收
When did you receive that letter
② vt 招接
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests
receive 收指动动作观接受否清楚
receivehave a letter from sb
accept 意接收
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boybut I didn't accept it
take动取
I received a beautiful pen from my uncle My brother took it from me yesterday
take 作收
take the exam 接受考试 take advice 接受建议
★firm n 商行 公司
company n 公司
★different adj
① adj 相异（常 from连）
We are planning something different this year 年算
My room is different from yours
② adj 种样
This department store sells a large number of different things
家百货商店出售许种样东西
He has visited many different places in China 中国少方
★abroad adv 国外（副词 直接动词连）
go abroad 国外
live abroad 国外定居
study abroad 国外学
课文讲解
1I have just received a letter from my brother Tim
位语：名词（短语等）名词（短语）列作说明限定成分时称位语位语补充说明成分间逗号隔开 译成汉语时位语者插入句中者译句少英语中样逗号隔开
This is John one of my best friends 位约翰朋友
Mrs Smith my neighbore has never been abroad 邻居史密斯夫没出国
2He has been there for six months
one monthtwo months 注意读音
I have arrived in Beijing （arrive 瞬间动词段时间连）
has been + in 点
He has been in Beijing for one year
He has been in America for tow years
3He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in
Australia
work for ……班职强调work
I am working for a school
work in 强调点（方班）
I am working in the New Oriental school
work at 班
She works at a department store
a number of面定加数名词复数通常 number前greatlargegoodsmallcertain等形容词数量改变a great number of 类似 约等a lot of
A largegreat number of our students are Danish
There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework
a lot of 加数名词加数名词
I have a lot of friends
I have a great number of friends
4He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs a small town in the centre of Australia
has gone to 某没回
has been to 某 现方
Have you been to Paris
5From there he will fly to Perth
from there方起
from 加时间加点
from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjing
fly to Perth go to Perth by air
6My brother has never been abroad before so he is fending this trip very exciting
before句子副词 译前现完成时态标志
find作发现 发 觉 讲时宾语带补足语（般形容词）说明宾语状况性质等
find +宾语+形容词做宾补
find the room clean
find her happy
be finding口语中常
I'm finding We’re finding
面表示状态感觉情绪精神活动动词进行时：believedoubtseehearknowunderstandbelongthinkconsiderfeellookseemshowmindhavesoundtasterequirepossesscarelikehatelovedetestdesire
Key structures
现完成
现完成时表示动作现存结果者发生事现影响常现完成时连副词副词短语：before (now)（前）it’s the first tiem（第次）so for（目前止）so far this morning（午止）up to now（直现）up to the present（直目前）just（刚刚）recently（）already（已）lately（）now（现）for 段时间since+时间still（）at last（终）finally（终）疑问句否定句中常everyetnevernot…ever等
I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning
I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here
现完成时表示频度副词连表示反复惯性动作 often（常）frequently（屡次）three times（三次）等
I’ve watched him on TV several times
★Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
★pigeon n 鸽子
It's not my pigeon ＝None of my business 关事
★message n （口头书面）信息
Here is a message for you from your sister
an oralwritten message 口信便条
leave sb a message ……留便条
I'll leave you a message
take a message for sb 某捎口信
Can I take a message for you 捎口信
Can you take a message for me 捎口信
take a message to sb 某口信
电话
Hello‡May I have a word with Tom May I speak withto Tom
‡Can you take a message for me
information n 信息（数）
messenger n 送信信
★cover v 越覆盖
① vt 盖覆盖
Snow covered the whole village
She covered the child with a coat 孩子盖件外衣
② vt 行（段距离）走（通常动语态）
cover+距离 越……
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes
③ n 覆盖物盖子罩子套子
Put a cover on the box
★distance n 距离
keep distance 保持距离
distant adj远距离
Can I share this table
Can I join you
importance n 重 important adj 重
difference n different adj
★request n 求 请求
① n
request for ……请求 需求
I have a request for the cake
He granted my request for more time 意延长时间请求
She sent a request for help to Gary 加里请求帮助
② v 求 请求
request sbto do sth ＝ask sbto do sth 求某做……
require sbto do sth 求某做……
You are requiredasked to do sth （求惯动语态）
★spare adj 备
① vt 抽出（时间等）
Have you got five minutes to spare
I cannot spare the time
I have no time to spare
② vt 饶恕赦免
The robbers spared his life
Share me’begged the prisoner
③ adj 余空闲剩备
You can sleep in the spare bedroom
Where can I get spare parts for this machine
I have no spare time now
Have you any old clothes that you do not want’ he asked
Have you any old clothes to spare’he asked
★service n 业务 服务
service 作数名词时通常表示旅馆餐馆商店等旅客顾客等侍候接服务作数名词时表示帮助采取行动做工作
The service in that hotel is quite good
You have done me a great service
service指公事业业务：the mail service（邮政业务）the telephone service（电话业务）指办业务机构：a travel service（旅行社）a news service（通讯社）
At your service Glad to be at your service I am glad to be at your service
乐意您效劳
serve v 服务 接
——Thank you
——You are welcome(次需找)Not at all(根完全谢)That's (all)rightThat's ok(绝正确 绝时)(It's) My pleasure(高兴做 放低 方抬高)
Thank you for your listening讲课 演讲结束时说 感谢家合作概念（应鼓掌回应） 情急 No thanks回答
——Sorry ——No sorry
课文讲解
1MrJames Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst
garage n 车库 车行（英美读音）
another(+单数名词) 中
Can you show me another
other(+名词) adj(加单复数名词)
the other 两中外
one…the other… …………
One is watering the flowers and the other is reading
others(加名词) other + 名词复数
Some boys are playing football and others are rowing(going boating)
2Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage so he has
just bought twelve pigeons
介词from里表示距离相隔作距…… 离……讲常away连
It is far (away) from here
Bus stop is only one mile from schoolhere
Bus stop is only one mile (away)
She has been away from home for 5 days now
How far 远（距离提问）
How far(away) is the bus stop
How far is your home(from here)
My home is ten miles away from here
get a telephone 电话 安装电话
3Yesterday a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury
carry v 带着 携带（强调携带东西会着）
I carried my son （背抱着）
I carry the bag
take v 带着
I take my sister to the cinema
from…to…表示方方
He looked at the girl from head to foot
The news spread from house to house 家家户户知条消息
4The bird covered the distance in three minutes
cover the distance 飞段距离
5Up to now MrScott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other
up to now up till now 目前止现止(作时间状语时态现完成时相untiltill now)
Up to now he has not been very hardworking
request for ……需求
a great many(+数名词复数) 许……
a great many做形容词短语：
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm
作代词短语：
He has read a great many of the books in this room
a great number of(+数名词复数) 许……
urgent adj 紧急
something urgent 紧急事情
Key structures
般时现完成时
表示某特定时间发生事情动作时般时表示刚刚者已完成动作现影响时现完成时时间状语特指 nowjust者for 引导段时间者加时间状语 般时现完成时点：动作做区：式强调事 现没关系
I ate a piece of bread
现完成时 强调事情现产生影响
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning I'm not hungry
The clock stopped 陈述事实
The clock has stopped 事实现造成影响
It snowed yesterday
It has snowed yesterday 强调现造成影响
Special Difficulties
带way短语
in the way ……方式
Do your work in the way I have shown you 示范方法做工作
I do the work in the way you showed me
I fly the kite in the way you showed me
in theone’s way 挡路妨碍（某）
Sorry you are in the way(口语中少 般直接Excuse me)
Don’t stand in the way I can’t see the blackboard
in this way 样种方式
He saves old envelopes In this way he has collected a great many stamps
in a way 某种意义说某种程度
In a way you are kind
in a friendly way 友方式
in the family way 怀孕 快孩(have a baby)
The woman is in the family way
by the way 便说声 便问(插入语改变话题时)
By the way have you seen Harry recently
on theone’s way(to) ……途中(陈述句)
on the way to schoolthe officeon the way home
out of the way 路
Get out of the way 滚出
get one's own way 心欲 (at one’s pleasure)
Children get their own way during the holidays
关系动词 般说 be become 定单独 面加表语 称系动词 外系动词时物实义动词 常见 seem look appear sound taste feel smell stay remain keep grow turn go run get prove stand等 词语法书称半联系动词
★Lesson 6 Percy Buttons
★beggar n 乞丐
beg v乞求
I beg your pardon
beg for 乞求
ask for 请求（ask sb for sth 某索某物）
★food n 食物（数）
a lot of food
★pocket n 衣服口袋
inner pocket 口袋jacket pocket 夹克口袋coat pocket 衣口袋
pocket book 袖珍书pocket dictionary 袖珍词典
pocket pick 车偷
pocket money (孩)零花钱
change 零钱
get exact change 准备正确零花钱
beer money (男)零花钱
★call v 拜访 光顾
① vt&vi 喊
I heard someone calling
call out shout 声喊
② vt 呼唤召唤
Lucy is sick Please call a doctor
③ vi 访问拜访（车船等）停
Amy called (at our house) yesterday
The train calls at large stations only 列火车停站
call on sb 拜访某
I will call on you 家
call at+点＝visit someplace 拜访某
I will call at your home 家
④ vt&vi 电话
call sb call up sb 某电话
call back 回某电话
Can you take a message for me Can you tell him to call back
call in sb 招集邀请某
For the project the government called in a lot of experts
课文讲解
1Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door
★knock v 敲门
① vi 敲门
I knocked but no one answered
knock at 敲（门窗等）
knock at the doorknock at the window
② vt&vi 碰撞
You always knock things off the table 总碰掉桌东西
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning 天午吉姆辆公汽车撞倒
She has knocked a cup over again 碰倒杯子
③ vt （某）成……状态
He knocked Tom out yesterday 昨天汤姆昏
④ off连时特殊含义般口语
vt （价格）减折扣
They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat
The shop assistant knocked 10 off the bill（He reduced the price by 10）
vi 班停止中断（工作等）
When do you usually knock off 般什时候班？
He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven 十点半休息吃中午饭
2He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer
ask (sb) for sth request for sth 问某什东西
（for 目请求某 sb更时候出现 ask for sth）
The boy asked (his parents)for money againonce more
3In return for this the beggar stood on his head and sang songs
in return for this 作……回报作交换（this 代词中常常指代文件事情）
I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality （hospitality adj 热情）
in return 作回报
You lent me this interesting book last month In return (for it) I’ll show you some picture books
In return for your help I invite you to spend the weekend with my family
He doesn't want anything in return 想回报
stood on his head 倒立
stand on one's hands 手着(hand单数手 双手复数)
stand on one's knees 跪着 膝盖
lie on one's back 仰面躺着
lie on one's side 侧躺
lie on one's stomach 趴着
4Later a neighbour told me about him
介词about动词连表示关……（） 涉 ……（）
Please tell me about the accident
tell sb about sth 告诉某某事（about关 通事出结）
tell you about him
tell you about the word 解释单词意思
tell sb sth 告诉某某件事(事情直接告诉)
tell you the news
tell you the word 直接告诉单词
5Everybody knows him
everybody作语定作单数 属定代词
定代词作语律单数 somebodyanybodyeverything等
6He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer
calls at 光顾拜访
in the street（英国）on the street（美国）
once a month 月次 单位表达方式
once adj 表示……次（表示频率时面直接加表示时间名词） 计量单位 （……）
five kilometers an hour
He goes back to the South once a year
Key structures
A The and Some
表示确定某物时定冠词aan（单数 数名词）表示数名词时需定冠词加量词组成词组
表示种笼统概念（某某类种东西）陈述句中省略asome
A tiger is a dangerous animal
Tigers are dangerous
Salt is necessary forto us all
表示某确定事物者文已提事物定冠词 the（时相
thisthatthesethose）数名词单复数数名词均
姓名名国名（非复合词）月份星期等前面加冠词
athe区：a泛指 a man特指 the man
文章中第次出现名词时候aan修饰 第二次出现时候the
A man is walking towards me The man is carrying a parcel The parcel is full of meat
I have just drunk a glass of milk Milk is very refreshing
I ate an apple Apples are delicious
She always buys flour sugar and tea at the grocer's
般姓名前般加冠词表示某某类中 具种特征中加定冠词 a
a Mr Zhang 张先生类
Special Difficulties
短语动词
某动词面加介词副词会改变词义 种新组合称作短语动词
put v 放
put on 穿戴
tak v 走
take off 脱掉摘掉
look v
look at look for 寻找look after 顾look out 心look out of 外
call
call atcall oncall incall back
call for 取某物 接某需
The problem calls for immediate action 问题需立采取行动
knock v 敲
knock at 敲门
knock off 班
He knocked off earlier
knock off 折
Knock 10 off the price
……撞倒果点介词 off点介词over
knock sth off+点
knock the vase off the table
I knocked the boy off the bicycle
knock over
A car knocked the boy over
knock out 晕 拳击场合中 倒knock out(专术语)
He did not know how to fight but he knocked the boxer out
★Lesson 7 Too late
★detective n 侦探
detective story 侦探说
★airport n 机场
★airfield n 飞机起落场
port 港口airport 航空港
at the airport 机场
field 田野airfield 停机坪
on the airfield 停机坪
★expect v 期 等
① vt&vi 预计预料
Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected
正老师预料样吉姆数学考试没格
② vt 等期盼（心理等）
They are expecting guests tonight 晚里作客
expect表示等般暗含着根某信息规律作出相应反应意思wait for接续等动作身
expect sth
I expect a letter from Jimmy
expect sbto do sth 期某做某事
I expect you to write back
I expect my mother to come back
wait for sthsb 动作等
I wait for my mother
③ vt 认猜想（般口语）
I expect soI think so 希［口语］
I expect you’ve heard the news 想已听消息
★valuable adj 贵重
★precious adj 珍贵
value n&v 价值valuable adj价值
sthis valuablesthis precious
precious adj 珍贵（带定感情色彩）
precious photo 珍贵片
less 表否定
priceless adj 没价格 价
valueless adj 没价值 足道
worthless adj 价值
★diamond n 钻石
diamond ring 钻石戒指
precious stone 宝石crystal 水晶jade 玉
★steal（stolestolen） v 偷
① vt&vi 偷盗行窃
英语中偷 stealrob表达宾语物 steal宾语 rob点相连rob
steal sth 偷(某物)
My wallet was stolen
John never steals 约翰偷东西
rob sb 抢(某)
I was robbed
rob the bank
② vt 巧妙占偷偷弄手
He has stolen away Mary’s heart 已赢玛丽芳心
③ vi 偷偷行动悄悄
He stole into the room 悄悄进房间
★main adj
main buildingmain streetmain sentencemain idea
main连
★guard n 警戒 守卫
life guard 救生员
body guard 保镖
keep guard 守警戒
They kept a close guard over the thieves 偷严加
stand guard 站岗放哨
课文讲解
1The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning
all般直接加表示时间单数名词构成副词短语：all dayall nightall weekall winterall year等说all hour
whole表达样意思时般加冠词数词 a whole dayyeartwo whole weeks
all morningall the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚(点)
The bus was lateThe train was late
detectives 没强调侦探者侦探 强调侦探种笼统感念 加some the
2They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 强调茶
South Africa 南非
3A few hours earlier someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds
a few hours earlier 时前
a few hours beforea few hours ago
would +do 时间接方式 转述 站未
4When the plane arrived some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while
others were waiting on the airfield
代词others常常some连表示（）……（）…………余……
one…the other… …………
some…others… …………
Some students are very hardworking others are not
othersother+名词复数
5Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House
take sth off…take sth away from…
and carried it into…carried 表示重
Customs House 海关
6While two detectives were keeping guard at the door two others opened the parcel To their surprise the
precious parcel was full of stones and sand
…were keeping guard at the door two others opened the parcel
表面分工 两动作时发生 时开始时结束 延续时间致 长点时间动作进行时态 短时间动作时
When someone knocked at the door I was having dinner
keep guard 守卫
They kept a close guard over the thieves
at the door 门边(固定搭配)
two otherstwo other detectives
to one's surprise某惊讶
To my surprise the teacher was late
To one’s +表达情绪名词
to one's joy
To my joy my mother came here yesterday
to one's excitement
To our excitement our team wins
be full of 装满
My bag was full of books
The cup is full of water
Key structures
进行时
进行时构成：be式+现分词
进行时般时常句子里进行时表示正进行动作情况般时表示较短暂动作事件正进行中动作情况连词 whenwhileasjust as等引导
whenwhile ……时候（强调动作时发生）
while+句 动词定延续性动词
when+延续性动词瞬间动词
whilewhen代when定while代while通常引导持续时间较长动作句句时进行时 whenas般
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone
Just as I was leaving the house you came in
when引导较短暂动作while as般行
We were having supper when the lights went out
进行时表示段时间状语连 all morningall nightall dayall eveningthe whole week等表示段时间直干什
What were you doing all evening I couldn’t find you anywhere
动作时发生时态
① 两动作时发生 惯般时 进行时动作长进行时 动作短般时 分工情况 动作开始时间结束时间相 均进行时
I was listening to the radio my sister was dancing
When my mother was doing the housework my father was watching TV
② 两动作时段进行 时间结束 先发生动作未结束 动作发生 先发生动作进行时态 动作时
When I was opening the door the telephone rang先开门
When the telephone was ringing I opened the door 电话先响
③ 瞬间动词（：arrive）没进行时态 两动作时发生 延续性动词进行时态 瞬间动词时态
When he arrived I was having dinner
I am arriving 进行时态表示
Exercises D
1 As my father ______ (leave) the house the postman ______ (arrive)
was leavingarrived(两瞬间动词时发生性 应具体分析 进行时态表)
5 While mother ______ (prepare) lunch Janet ______ (set) the table
set the table摆桌子
was preparingset
Special Difficulties
短语动词中品词
许动词加介词副词会改变词义介词副词通常称品词没词形变化
品词作介词作副词判断品词副词介词品词没带宾语宾语介词没宾语副词介词位置相固定变动
① vi&vt+ prepadv+宾语(n)
She is walking up the hill
② vt+宾语(npron)+adv
take off the coat take the coat off take it off
put on your shoes put your shoes on put them on
I always take money with me身总带钱
Exercise
11 They have pulled down the old building
pull down… （pulldown）
pull one's leg 开玩笑
You are pulling my leg开玩笑
12 Make up your mind
make up…>make up one's mind 惯法换语法换
13 He asked for permission to leave
ask for…>ask (sb) for sth 实省略sb换
★Lesson 8 The best and the worst
★competition n 赛竞赛（暗里竞争）
race n 赛竞赛
car race
match n 赛
football match
contest n 赛（更广泛）
baby contest 宝宝赛beauty contest 选美
game 游戏 运动
★neat adj 整齐 整洁井井条
clean adj 干净
neattidy
tidy (up) the room 整理房间
★pool n 水池(工)
swimming pool 游泳池
pond 池塘（天然）
golden pond—金色池塘
课文讲解
1Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town
Joe's garden is the most beautiful
Bill's garden is the largest
Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s
（较东西类事物 joe’s ’s省略）
2Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year but Joe wins every time
nearlyalmost意义相似表示 差 差 点意思
I have nearly forgotten his name 差点名字忘
I’m nearlyalmost ready 快准备
enter for 报名参加（种竞赛考试等活动）
win（wonwon） v 赢
① vi 赢
I win
I lose (输)
② vt 赢……
win something 面奖品接手
I win the book
I win the gold cup
win a prize 赢奖
win a prize for… ……获奖
defeat+手
I defeat you
3Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's
名词加’s表示属关系构成名词格类名词指生命东西特格语法作相形容词限定面名词限定名词文中第二次提时省略引起误解
4He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool
makebuild里义词修建建造make 词义较笼统广泛解释做作出制造等 build限建筑业指建造建设盖房子修筑（桥梁）等
Have you made the skirt by yourself
They have made a road along the river
Key structures
形容词副词较级高级
较级相汉语中……更……种句型高级表示某范围……概念高级时前面通常加定冠词 the短语句限定范围
1较级高级构成：
① 单音节词少数双音节词词尾加erest辅音加y结尾词变yi加erest
② e结尾词加rst
③ 辅音字母结尾单音节词双写字母加erest
④ 三者三音节（音节）
较级构成 more+原级
高级构成 the most+原级
双音节词单词结尾加erest moreless mostleast连 narrowclevercommonpleasant等
clever— cleverer— more clever
fun adj 快乐
more fun （美国）
⑤ 构成规：
goodwell(better best)badill(worse worst)manymuch(more most)little(less least)
far(farther further farthest furthest) （farther距离远更远further程度更进步）
further more(更甚者)
old(older elder oldest eldest)
older ……
She is older than somebody
elder 做定语修饰名词
elder sister (年长)姐姐
2较级高级法
较级时果需较两项提必须较级than：
My room is cleaner than the one next door
果较级指清楚独立存：
Which house do you prefer
I prefer the older one
高级限定范围般 ofamongin 等介词短语限定范围句果范围清楚省略
John is the tallest of the three brother
This is the coldest day in ten years
Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met
Special Difficulties
every构成合成词
everyonebodything构成复合定代词everyoneeverybodyeverythingEveryoneeverybody般换面代词单数复数身均视单数
EveryoneEverybody knows what he has to do
EveryoneEverybody knows what they have to do 知道必须做什
Everything is going well 切利
each every均译两者常互换every形容词性强调整体常指确定数目直接做语each作形容词作代词强调体常确定通常限数目作代词时直接作语宾语第三称单数
EveryEach time I wash the car it rains
Enter and Enter for
enter
① vt&vi 进入
enter+点名词
Always knock on the door before you enter
② vt&vi 参加加入
We’ve entered into an agreement 已达成项协议
He soon entered their conversation
enter for+表示赛竞赛考试名词 报名参加 强调报名
enter for the exam
She entered (her nameherself) for the mathematics competition 报名参加数学竞赛
take part in 真正参加
2 Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition
crossward 文字游戏
3 Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year
athletes sportsman 运动员 体育家
★Lesson 9 A cold welcome
★welcome n 欢迎v 欢迎
① n 欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
② v 欢迎
welcome to+点
welcome to Chinawelcome to my homewelcome homewelcome back
③ adj 受欢迎
You are welcome
You are welcome to+点
★crowd n 群
① n 群
in the crowd 群中
I spotted him in the crowd 群中眼认出
a crowd of people 群没次序群 拥挤群
a group of people 群次序群
② v拥挤 挤满
a large crowd of people 群
crowds of people 许 山海
★gather v 聚集
① vt 集拢集合召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him
②vt 收集采集收（庄稼等）
The children are out in the field gathering flowers 孩子外面里采花
It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books
收集书花辈子时间
③ vi 集拢聚集集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock
people gathered 聚集起 尤指发性聚集
★hand n (表机器)指针手
minute handsecond handhour hand
second hand 二手旧秒针
wait me a momentwait me a few seconds(for a few secs) （secsseconds 缩写）
★refuse v 拒绝
① vt 拒绝（接受服等）
She refused the gift
② vt 拒肯愿
John refused to change his mind 约翰拒改变意
③ vi 拒绝接受
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused
帮助提出报酬拒绝
★shout v 喊
call out 声喊
cry out 声哭喊
scream 尖
课文讲解
1A cold welcome 冷遇
cold adj 冷 寒冷 冷淡
cold fish 冷漠
My brother is a cold fish
lucky dog 幸运
What does a cold welcome refer to （refer to 指……）
2On Wednesday evening we went to the Town Hall
morningafternoonevening前果加修饰词介词on否in
Town Hall 市政厅
3It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock
the last day of the year 年中天
a large crowd of the people 群
4It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time
★strike v 击敲弹（钟乐器等）
① v 击
She struck the man in the face
② v 敲弹（钟乐器等）
strike the clock （）敲钟
clock strike 钟响
Listen the clock is striking
strike twelve 数字表示敲击次数
minutes'名词格表达时间
名词格表示时间距离
It will leave in five minutes'time
in twenty(minutes'time)名词格省略
an hour's time
How far is the school from here
3 minutes' walk 三分钟路程
5Fifteen minutes passed and then at five to twelve the clock stopped
… minutes pass … 点分（前半时pass）
25 minutes passed eight
… minutes to … 点分（半时to没）
a quarter to nine15 minutes to nine
时刻指点时间 时间指段时间时刻前介词at
…(some time) passed and then sth happened ……时间……
An hour passed and then he arrived 时终
…minutes later分钟
6We waited and waited but nothing happened
waited and waited 等啊等啊 强调动作重复（walked and walkedrun and run）
happen vi事情做语 事情发生
What happened
Nothing happened
7It was true
It was true that+句 ……事实
8The big clock refused to welcome the New Year
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
I refuse to leave 拒绝离开
I refuse to move 拒绝移动
9At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing
at that moment just then 时
at the moment now 现 刻 时
Key structures
引导时间状语介词inonatduringtilluntil
1in时间短语：
① 表示天中某段时间：in the morningin the afternoonin the evening
② 表示周月份年份：in a weekin Januaryin Febin 1992
③ 表示季节：in summerin springin autumnin winter
in+表示时间长度短语表示某段时间时现时时时连般完成某动作关译……时间般时连根时态判in 表示含义
in twenty minutes' time 20分钟
We will finish class in half an hour
2on时间短语：
① 表示星期：on Mondayon Friday
② 表示日期：on June 1ston 23rd March（书写日期时没冠词口语中分读：on June the
firston the 23rd of March）
③ 表示星期+日期：on Monday June 1st
④ 表示具体时间：on Wednesday eveningon fine afternoonon that day
3 at 时间短语：
① 表示确切时间：at five to twelveat ten o'clock
② 表示餐时间：at lunchdinner timeat teatime
③ 表示时刻：at nightat noonat midnightat that time
4during……期间必须名词指整段时间时 in代
He has phoned four times during the last half hour
I met him sometime during the week（in代） 周某天遇
during the holiday 强调假期头尾
He enjoyed himself during his holiday
in the holiday 强调段时间中某点时间 表示始终
I was caught in an accident in the holiday
5from…till… 指段明确时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October
6until prep&coin 直……时候直什时候止 直什时候
until句句两般时(惯种法) 句句完成
I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow
I had not understood the problem until he explained it
We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work
We didn't disturb him until he finished work(更惯种法)
7from…to…
Everyday we have English class from 830 to 1130
关时间表示方法 What’s the timeWhat time is it
A整点 A o’clock
A点 B 分（B<30） A B B past A
A点15分 A fifteen fifteen past A a quarter past A
A点30分 A thirty half past A
A点B分(B>30) A B (60B) to (A+1)
A点45分 A fortyfive a quarter to (A+1) fifteen to (A+1)
Special Difficulties
AnyNotAny and No
any 否定句疑问句中 some肯定句(求肯定回答疑问句)
Do you have any friends
I don't have any friends
not 非实义动词面 实义动词前面
not anyno名词前面nonot any语气强两种否定意义相
I have no friends
no构成复合词nobodynonenothingnowhereany构成复合词anybodyanythinganywhere 句子中通常否定词（包括neverhardly等词）
★Lesson 10 Not for jazz
★jazz n 爵士音乐
a kind of music
★musical adj 音乐
musical student 音乐天赋
music student 学音乐（the student who learned music）
★instrument n 乐器
instrumentmusical instrument
instrument 常意思器械 器 具 尤 指 医 疗 机 器 等 方 面 泛指种乐器
★clavichord n 古钢琴 现代piano
a kind of instrument
★recently adv
recentlylately
★damage v 损坏
① n 损害损失伤害
The storm has done a lot of damage to the village
② vt 损害毁坏损坏
The car was badly damaged in the accident
★key n 琴键
① n 琴键
② n 钥匙答案
key to the door 门钥匙
Do you know the key to the question
③ adj 关键
key structure
★shock v 悦生气 震惊
① v 悦生气 震惊
情绪关动词宾语 (sth语)
The news shocks me 消息震惊
② adj 令震惊
It is shocking
③ adj 感震惊
够 做宾语 表示情绪活动动词 两形容词形成：令……（V+ing）感
……（V+ed）
I'm shocked
④ n 震惊
get a shock
sb get a shock 某吃惊
shock 必指坏事 令悦 生气
surprise 事坏事 没料
I want to give you surprise
★allow v 允许
allow doing sth
Smoking is allowed＝people allow smoking
allow sb to do sth sbbe allowed to do sth
allow常动语态
You are allowed to smoke(动语态)
You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
★touch v 触摸
① vt&vi 触摸碰
You are not allowed to touch the vase
② vt 谈涉关系
A rise in the cost of living touches everyone 生活费增加关系
课文讲解
1It is called a clavichord
call里意思……称 称 呼 动 态 动语态
call sbsthsbbe called 称某……什称……
What do you call this 称什？
2It has belonged to our family for a long time
belong 表示状态动词行动词进行时常时态般现时现时
This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me
3She tried to play jazz on it
play n 玩演奏（乐器等）
① 球类连 直接+球类
② 乐器连 +the+乐器 演奏乐器非音乐
③ play music on + 乐器 定 on
Key structures
动语态
动语态动语态皆指动词形式言动句中动词语执行动作物动句中动作语执行 动语态be种形式分词构成动语态时态法规适动语态动词作物动词时构成动语态果说明什什东西做某事by+行体结构行体表示出
Special Difficulties
动语态made连介词
made in表示产时间
It was made in Germany
made of表示某种材料制成（通常指制造改变该材料原性质形状）
The tea pot is made of silver
made from表示数种材料制成者制造改变材料原性质形状
Paper can be made from wood
made by表示谁制造
This cake was made by my sister
be made into 制成……
The gold is made into a ring
双重格
双重格双重属格 名词+of+名词格(名词性物代词)
英语中通常’sof结构表示格’s结构通常名表示称名词末尾of结构常生命名词连
’s结构格of结构称双重格 名 词 前面 athisthatthesesomeanyno等the
He is a friend of mine 含特殊惟朋友意
He is no friend of mine 含义根认识敌
强调中时候 选双重属格结构
a friend of my fathermy father's friend(s) 朋友
a friend of my father's 朋友中
It happened to a friend of mine 朋友中
★Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another
★turn n 行 举止
turn n（帮助损害）举动行
Yesterday George did me a goodan ill turn 乔治昨天做件利利事
He is always ready to do a turn for others 总乐做事
behavior n 行 举止
Pay attention to your behavior
★deserve v 应 值
① deserve + n 应该……值……应（奖赏惩罚等）
He deserves praise 应该表扬
Yor deserve the best 应该
He deserved a promotion （promotion n 提升）
② deserve sthto do sth 应该……
She deserved to be punished
Good work deserves good pay 劳
His words deserve attention 话值注意
★lawyer n 律师
lawyer's office 律师事务
★bank n 银行
rob the bank 抢银行
★salary n 工资
pay n 工资(salary+wage通)
salary n 薪金薪水(月薪 年薪通常指职员脑力劳动者（律师教师医生等）固定工作理阶层收入数额较固定般月支付)
My salary is paid on the 28Th of the month
wage n 工资工钱(时 周计算通常指技工般体力劳动者稳定工作收入周天支付般复数形式wages)
When I worked as a waiter the wages were low but the tips were good
侍者时工资高费观
bonus n 奖金 分红
collet v 搜集 领取
collect salarywage 领工资
★immediately adv 立刻
right away at once immediately 立刻 马
right now 现
课文讲解
1One good turn deserves another 礼尚 善善报
one bad turn deserves another 恶恶报
2Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago but he is now working at a bank
work for… 强调工作
work in… 强调in面点
working at a bank
(someseveral) years ago 名词s前面省略some
3He gets a good salary but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back
The teachers in the New Oriental school can get a good salary
borrow sth from sb …………
nevernot 前面需加助动词
pay 里意思偿（债务等）解释付支付（价款账单）等Pay 物动词物动词
How much did you pay for that dress
I paid the bill
pay back 钱
never pays it back
4Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table
and连接三列动词
at the same table 坐张桌子旁边
at table 吃饭
at the table 坐桌子旁边
Would you like to join us
5'I have never borrowed any money from you' Tony said 'so now you can pay for my dinner'
pay for ……付钱
I have paid for you a dinner
I have paid 20 dollars for the book
ask (sb) for sth 问…………
It's my treat 请客
This time is your treat Next time is my turn
Let's go dutch AA制
Key structures
复动词时态：
The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan A few years after he ______ (become) ruler his wife MumtaziMahal ______ (die) The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in her honour Experts ______ (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls The Taj Mahal which ______ (begin) in 1632 and ______ (complete) in 1654 ______ (cost) a fortune Up to the present day it ______ (visit) by millions of people
The Taj Mahal 泰姬陵
in one's honour 纪念某
up to the present dayup to now
was builtbecamediedwas builtwere called (call in召集)was begunwas completedcosthas been visited
Special Difficulties
动词+名词代词+带 to定式
某动词带to定式前名词代词动词名词代词没常影响影响整句子意义
I asked him to lend me twenty pounds
I want to speak to John
I want you to speak to John
Would you like to do sth
I’d like sb to do sth
I’d like to do sth
动词面定式作宾语时通常必须名词代词类动词allowadvisehelpteachtellrequest等类动词动语态动语态：
We were not allowed to see the picture
hope定说hope sb to do sth正确法hope to do (希)hope that(希)
★Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck
New words and expressions生词短语（6）
luck n 运气幸运
captain n 船长
sail v 航行
harbour n 港口
proud adj 豪
important adj 重
★luck n 运气 幸运
good luck break your leg 祝运
bless you 保重（喷嚏时说话）
lucky adj 幸运
lucky dog 幸运
lucky day 幸运日
It’s my lucky day 天真幸运
luckily adv 幸运
unlucky adj 幸
★sail v 航行
① vi （船）航行扬帆行驶
The ship is sailing for New York
② vi （）船航行
I want to sail around the world
③ n 帆篷
This boat has white salis
★harbour n 港口
port n 港口
air port 航空港
★proud adj 豪满
be proud of ……豪（某）感豪
Parents are proud of their children
pride n 豪
take pride in ……豪
★important adj 重
importance n 重
课文讲解
1We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning
表示时间短语in the morningin the afternoon等前面加earlylate等副词便确切表示时间
early in the morning 早
late in the afternoon 傍晚
2It has sailed across the Atlantic many times
across某细长物横切横断横渡等尤指河流马路海洋等桥over
the Atlantic the Atlantic Ocean 西洋
oncetwicethree times…
表示次数时候 for 定加
I do something twice
3Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock so we'll have plenty of time
set outset offbegin something 出发动身
plenty enough 相充足足够
plenty of 足够……
I have plenty of money
a lot of 指客观
4We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him
see visit 参观
Can I see it
say goodbye (to sb)say hello to (to sb)say sorry to (to sb)
I said hello to him this morning
You must say sorry to somebody
5He will be away for two months
瞬间动词完成时态 指段时间连 旦段时间变 系表结构 be + 形容词介词短语构成
He has been away for two hours
He left two hours ago点时间
动词be+形容词系表结构表状态代
arrive be herethere leave be away die be dead
join(瞬间动词) be a soldierin the army
6He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic
take part (in) 参加参（某项活动）
enter for 报名参加
I have entered for the meetingbut now I don't want to take part in the meeting
an important race across the Atlantic 横渡西洋赛（介词短语做定语放修饰词面）
the person at the door
be in the race take part in the race 参加赛
at the race 赛场观赛
Key structures
般时
１般时表示发生动作存状态
２时结构
① 基结构 shallwill + 动词原形
shall常第称Iwe面will称缩略’ll否定式中will not缩略’ll notwon’tshall not缩略shan’t（美语中少shall）
② be going to do sth be gonna do sth（美语） 算做某事
be going to will般互换算关含义句子 willbe going to do 互换
I’ll miss you （be going to）
He'll lose 输（ be going to）
I'll be sixteen years old next year （be going to）
③ be + to do sth 表示计划安排某事征求意见
I am to have a holiday
④ be about to do sth 做某事
⑤ will be doing 表示做某事
⑥ be doing （瞬间动词） 现进行时表示时态
现进行时表示动词：gocomearriveleavedielandjoin
⑦ be 般现时表示发生
If it rains …
Special Difficulties
be+副词构成表语
动词be副词连意义意思副词意义决定：
be in 家be out 出be away 离开be on 映be back 回be over 结束be up to sth胜某件事情 够做某件事
set+副词构成短语动词
set out 出发动身
When’ll you set out for London
set off 出发启程
I’ll set off for home the day after tomorrow
set up 创立建立（a record）创造……记录
Mr Jackson has set up a school in the village
Has Tom set up a new world record
★Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
group n 组团体
pop singer 流行歌手
club n 俱乐部
performance n 演出
occasion n 场合
★group n 组 团体
a group of 表示群团体
You can see a group of islands in the middle of the lake
group n 组合指合唱团（ Back Street 街男孩）
band n乐队（零点乐队 唱）
★pop singer 流行歌手
pop adj 受欢迎通俗流行众（popular缩写）
pop song(music)流行音乐
pop star 歌星
★club n 俱乐部
night club 夜总会
★performance n 演出
① n 执行完成履行
He is praised for the excellent performance of his duties
② n 表现工作情况
His performance in the mathematics exam is not very good
③ n 演出表演
The pop singers will give five performances
mance 名词缀
perform v 演出
★occasion n 场合
中文 某种场合 某种条件 某种环境中
英文 occasion time 某时候
this occasionon the(this) occasion 种时候
occasionally＝sometimes 时候 偶尔
课文讲解
1At present they are visiting all parts of the country
at present now 目前现
The doctor is very busy at present
nowadays adv 目前
up to now so far 现止
visit v拜访参观(歌手)巡演
visit+点 表示某
They stay in all parts of the world
visit some place 带职业相关目
visit china 某某中国访问
The headmasters of the New Oriental school visited Lanzhou里指演讲
all parts of the country 全国（all里意思种）
all parts of the world 全世界介词in
in all parts of the world 全世界
2They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station
will be doing 进行时态表示正进行动作说话设想已安排事情
进行时态意思等般时态
We will be acting 行动
most of the young people in the town 镇部分年轻(介词短语作定语)
most of + the… 数……(定加the’)
most of the books most of the time
most of the young people most young people
most students most of the students
★meet
① vt&vi（偶然）遇见遇
We met at a restaurant
② vt（约定点时间）……会面迎接
meet sb +点 某接某
Who will be meet you when you arrive in London
see sb off 送行 目送
③ vt（介绍）……相识见面
I’d like to meet your brother
3Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club
last night 昨天夜间tonight 天夜间tomorrow night 明天夜间next night 第二天晚
at the Workers' Club 工俱乐部
tomorrow evening 明天晚yesterday evening 昨天晚this evening 天晚
4The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days During this time they will give five performances
…will be staying here for five days 逗留五天
…give five performances 演出五场
5As usual the police will have a difficult time
as usual 象常样例
On that day he was late for work as usual
difficult里解释难付 费 劲 指 麻烦较
have a good time 玩开心
have a hard time 生活艰辛
have a difficult time 日子象时样惬意
6They will be trying to keep order It is always the same on these occasions
try to do sth 设法做某事 力做某事
order常意义次序序治安秩序讲
keep order 维持次序
public order 治安
occasion表示某场合时介词on连
on these occasion(s)逢种场合
the same 表示情况相
注意意思种表达方式
Why are you late What took you so long 什迟
Key structures
进行时
进行时 willshall+be+现分词构成通常表示久正进行动作进行时常表示说话设想已安排事
I’ll be working for my exams next month 月功书准备考试
By this time tomorrow I’ll be lying on the beach
进行时般时时表达意思差般时中will常具蓄意含义（表示语意愿决心许诺等）进行时具含义表示单纯者说陈述事实语气单 will时委婉客气
When will you finish these letters （司属）
When will you be seeing Mr White （属司）
Mary won’t pay this bill （拒绝付帐）
Mary won’t be paying this bill （事实）
Won’t you join us for dinner 起吃饭？（邀请）
Won’t you be joining us for dinner 会起吃饭？（事实）
Special Difficulties
名词格：
般某生物’s名词格放修饰名词前文清楚时名词省略名词格规
① 单数名词 s 结尾名加 's
② s 结尾单数名词加 's
③ 规复数名词 s 面加格符号 '
④ s 结尾名面 's 格符号 '
⑤ 果and连接两名第二名加's
时两格：
My brother’s neighbour’s sister is a nurse 兄弟邻居姐姐妹妹名护士
⑥ 生命物体面格时间关：
in twenty minutes' time
3 minutes' walk(drive) 走路开车三分钟路程
a month’s salary
表示值少钱格：
I want ten pounds' worth of minced meat （minced meat 碎肉）
How much damage was there 损失
There was a hundred pounds'worth of damage
★Lesson 14 Do you speak English
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
amusing adj 笑趣
experience n 历
wave v 招手
lift n 搭便车
reply v 回答
language n 语言
journey n 旅行
★amusing adj 笑 趣
The story is amusing （笑）
amused adj 感笑（笑出声）
I am amused
amuse v 发笑愉快
The story amused me
funny adj 笑（定笑出声指贬义）开心令开心
interesting funny story
★experience n 历（数）验（数）
① n 历（数）
He has a lot of experiences （历数名词）
② n 验体验（数）
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job （验数名词）
Does she have any experience in teaching
③ vt 验体验
Have you ever experienced anything like this
The village has experienced great changes since 1980
experienced adj 验验丰富
He is an experienced doctor
★wave v 招手
wave to sb 某招手
★lift n 搭便车
take a bustaxilift 公汽车出租汽车搭便车
B wants to take a lift 某想搭便车
I want to take a lift
A give B a lift 某搭便车
The student gave me a lift
thumb lift 拇指便车(路车辆竖起拇指表示求免费搭车)
★reply v 回答
replyanswer区：
① 作物动词样
He answeredreplied
② 作物动词样
answer sth
answer the letter 回信
reply to sth
I will reply to the letter 回信
Respond to
★language n 语言
native language 母语
The native language is Chinese
mother tongue 母语(口语中)
My mother tongue is Chinese
★journey n 旅行
journey n 旅行偏重陆旅行
go on a journey
2 hours' journey3 days' journey(三天路程)
trip n 短距离旅行出差(时间距离较短)
go on a trip go on business
travel n 周游（长途旅行）
tour n 游玩（玩）
tourist n 游客
voyage n 旅行(海)
flight n 空中飞行
课文讲解
1After I had left a small village in the south of France I drove on to the next town
after 引导句果时完成时定句完成时before 引导句表示……前句发生句前 句完成时
drive on 继续开（on加动词面表示继续）
My heart will go on 心永恒
drive to 开车某
副词on紧动词面时表示前 继 续 等 意义：
He talked on until everybody had gone 滔滔绝讲家走
I was reading when my friend called After he had gone I went on to read
朋友时正书走便继续书
表达方位表达方式3介词 in（……里面）on（接壤）to（没相接 相离）
A is to the east of B AB东方（AB相接）
A is on the east of B AB东方（AB接壤）
A is in the east of B AB东方（AB里面）
2On the way a young man waved to me
on the way 路 途中
wave to sb 某挥手
3As soon as he had got into the car I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language
as soon as …………面定加句子(时间状语句) 强调两动作连起 面先发生
As soon as I had entered the roomI took off my coat at once
As soon as I had received the letterI ringedcalled him back
状语句 旦遇时 变般现时
As soon as you arriveyou must call me 电话
表示某种语言作交际手段时介词in表示讲某种语言时加介词
I speak English I say a word in Chinese
That book is written in German
reply 想加宾语加 to (+回答容)in the same language 句中作状语 replay应回答问题(宾语) in
4Apart from a few words I do not know any French at all
apart from… ……外
not … at all 点表强调
I don't like it
I don't like it at all
5I had nearly reached the town when the young man suddenly said very slowly Do you speak English'
nearly
when翻译时具体情况 里译时
I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there
Do you speak English 说英语 说英语国家（问事实问会说英语）
Do you swim 游泳
Can you swim 会游泳
6As I soon learnt he was English himself'
I learn 知 I know 知道(知道)
As+语+动词句 （As my mother saidAs I heard As I learnt） 正……
As we knowthe New Concept English is very good 正知……
As I thinkit is the coldest day in the year
As he said English is easy to learn
himself反身代词单独放句尾 起强调作
I read English myself
Key structures
完成时
完成时： had+分词构成表示某时某动作发生前已完成动作情况较早完成时定时态作铺垫 动作定发生had done 完成时态句子中常连词 whenafteras soon asuntilby that time等常现完成时连副词alreadyjustnevernever…before常完成时连强调事件发生先次序：
I didn’t know that she was a famous actress until you had told me
The boys loved the zoo They had never seen wild animals before
完成时句子中没明确时间状语通文出动作发生先
Exercises D (正确时态填空)
1 The moment he had said this he ______ (regret) it
the moment as soon as …………面直接加句
2 It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi
before引导句般时 句完成时
Special Difficulties
AskAsk For：
ask v 问询问请求求邀请
ask a questionask sb 问（问题）问某
I asked (Mary) a question
They asked Tony to sing a song
They asked her to spend the weekend with them
ask for 求（某样东西）
ask for the answer
I asked for a cup of coffee but they gave me a cup of tea
You are always asking for help
Except Except for Apart from
三者表示……外时互换except句首except for apart from
Everyone has helped in some way apart fromexcept forexcept you
Apart fromExcept for you everyone has helped in some way
apart from惯喜欢放句首 apart fromexceptbesides
果认整体中做件事情整体外做（包括）加号besides果认整体中做件事情整体外没做（排）减号except果放句首统apart from代exceptbesides
All the passengers are millionaire except us （减号）
I invited everyone except George Except for George I invited everyone
Except forapart from this everything is in order
except for含整体中某方面满意except for 放句首 强调整体中某方面外 剩整体错
The article is very good except for his handwriing
Except for his height he is very excellent
Which ofEither ofNeigher ofBoth of
面短语指两两件事
either of 两者中
neither of 两者
which of
both of 两者 we both
① 询问两更事物中偏爱选择时 which
I like both of these bags Which of the two do you prefer
② eitherneither两物言（接单数名词） either指one or the other（）eitherneitherof时指两事物中
either of sb ……中
neither of sb ……中（neither of（注意英音美音读音）两者间 旦出现 句话里面会出现not）
I don't like the book My sister doesn't like it either
Neither of us likes it (注意单数)
Which bag shall I use
Either of them It doesn’t matter which 行没关系
Neither of them Use a suitcase 行手提箱吧
③ both指两物名词前时of 代词前面时必须加of
Both booksBoth of the books are interesting
Both of usthem left early
④none of 三者三者间
Exercise
5 He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for)
either of（前面not 选either of） asked
★Lesson 15 Good news
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
secretary n 秘书
nervous adj 精神紧张
afford v 负担起
weak adj 弱
interrupt v 插话断
★secretary n 秘书
两种发音样 history两种发音
secret n 秘密（注意发音secretary）
★nervous adj 精神紧张
① adj 神质神紧张
She is a nervous woman Do you see that nervous smile on her face
② 紧张担心情绪安
He had never spoken in public so he was very nervous
nervous adj 精神紧张（事情发生时）
worried adj 担心（事情）
upset adj 安 (前事情)
irritable adj 易怒急躁
Our teacher is an irritable old lady She gets angry easily
★afford v 负担起
① vt 买起（常 cancan’t 连）
afford sth
I can afford the coat
② vt 担负起（损失果等）花起（时间）（ 常 cancan’t连）
afford moneytime
I can afford the hoilday (时间)
I can afford five yuan
I can only afford one week for the trip
afford to do sth
I can’t afford to be ill again 病
I can afford to buy the book
③ vt 提供予
Joe afforded us a room for the night
★interrupt v 插话 断
interrupt v 断某话 +sb
disturb v 扰某 +sb
Sorry to disturb you
interruption n 中断断
课文讲解
1The secretary told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me
would里表示单纯时表示想…… ……意思：
What would you like to have
John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle
2He did not look up from his desk when I entered
look up 表示原先埋头干什抬头
He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise
look down （look up反义词）
look down uponon sb 瞧起某
I look down upon my sister
3After I had sat down he said that business was very bad
Business is very good 生意
4He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries
collect salary 领薪水
pay salary 支付薪水
large般指东西数量
so面加形容词副词such面加名词 容许该名词前面加修饰词
5I knew that my turn had come
turn n 轮流轮班（次轮流时）次机会
My turn has come
It is my turn 轮(口语常形式)
When his turn came he couldn’t speak any word
6'MrHarmsworth' I said in a weak voice
in a … voice ……声音
in a loud(声)low (低声)weak(强调心里踏实)strong(理直气壮) voice
7Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year
词表示 意思 注意法
① an extra thousand(作名词)
数量+extra+名词 少
On Sundays I usually get some extra sleep
Last month he was paid an extra hundred pounds
② two others two other +名词
③ two more
Give me two extraothermore books 两书
once more 次
④ another three days 外三天（another 数词面）
Key structures
间接引语
某说话告诉外时应该间接引语间接陈述句时态受引述动词影响引述陈述句时常动词saytelltell面必须表示称间接宾语（tell sb） say面to+讲话象
1致 句句时态致
① 句动词般现时 句意时态
② 句动词般时 句相应时态（时态倒移）
般现时——> 般时 现进行时——> 进行时
现完成时——> 完成时 完成时——> 完成时
般时——> 完成时
2称变化：第第二称变化
3属宾语句 引导词that省略
Special Difficulties
Nervous and Irritable
nervous adj 紧张安
Examinations make me nervous
irritable adj 易怒
He is such an irritable person you can hardly speak to him
容易发怒简直没办法讲话
Office Study Desk
office n 办公室
study n 书房
I often read in the study when I want peace and quiet
desk n 课桌
Exercises
1 We shall use the spare room in our new house as a ______
study
5 Since his illness he has been very ______ He is always losing his temper
irritable
Since his illness> 生病 （since +名词）
★Lesson 16 A polite request
New words and expressions生词短语（9）
park v 停放（汽车）
traffic n 交通
ticket n 交通违规罚款单
note n 便条
area n 段
sign n 指示牌
reminder n 提示
fail v 视忘记
obey v 服
★park v 停放(汽车)
No parking area 停车场
stop the car 车运动中停
★traffic n 交通
traffic police 交通警
traffic lights 交通灯义拐弯口 红绿灯 十字路口
traffic jam 交通堵塞
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam
heavy traffic 繁重交通
I was ordered to drive in heavy traffic （in heavy traffic 交通拥挤）
first crossingturning 叉路口 拐角
★note n 便条
note n 纸条 纸钞
make notes 做笔记
message n 消息
★area n 段
area n 场 段(块方) 点 点
place n 点
region n 区(交战 开火)
In this region there were a lot of wars 战火连绵
★reminder n 提示（指指物
remind v 提示 提醒
remind sb of sth
An older photo can remind me of my childhood
You remind me of your mother
remind sb to do sth
★fail v 视 忘记失败
① vi 失败
fail+宾语 做某事失败
fail (in) doing sth 某方面失败 （in省略）
He failed
He failed (in) examination
② vi 格
I hope I haven’t failed in the French test
③ vt ……格
The teacher said he would fail me if I don’t work harder
④ vt 未…………忘记……（接定式）
fail to do sth 没够做某事忘记做……
He failed to swim across the river
He failed to finish his work in time
Don’t fail to past the letter for me
not fail to do sth 定够某事
I can not fail to pass it
You can not fail to drive it 定够驾驶
If you arrived in Beijing you cannot fail to find the New Oriental School
课文讲解
1If you park your car in the wrong place a traffic policeman will soon find it
英语中指定代词通常 one日常会话中非正式you更常
One can never know what will happen tomorrow
永远会知道明天会发生什事
If you make a journey around the world you’ll see many beauty spots
果进行次环球旅行话会许风景胜
in the wrong place 合适方
wrong adj 合适 right adj 合适
He is the right person who you are looking for
They met(A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time
You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time
2You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket
let (sb) go 放开释放（某）
The man won’t let go (of) my arm 抓住胳膊放
He is very angry now He won’t let you go easily
without a ticketwithout giving you a ticket
If 引导条件句 without面名词条件
without+n 果没……
Without waterfish cannot live
3However this does not always happen
howeverbut 然however 常常放句首句子中but 惯放两句子间but 转折性
语义较强however转折语义较弱
4During a holiday in Sweden I found this note on my car 'sir we welcome you to our city This is a No Parking area You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs This note is only a reminder'
on my car 指车外面
welcome sb to+点 欢迎某某
enjoy v 享受
I have enjoyed my stay here 已快乐
Enjoy your stay here 祝玩开心
only a remindernot a ticket
No Parking句中作area定语干词合成词组型定语：
a nevertobeforgotten day 永远忘掉日子
a welltodo family 富裕家庭
Key structures
条件句（Conditional sentences）
if 引导条件句指够发生发生发生事件果认事件会发生 if 句中般现时（时形式现时）句中 will（ shall）加动词形式形式时
If he is sleepingdon't wake him up
条件句句中will表示肯定肯定会果觉肯定程度达 will程度者果想表达建议等意思情态助动词代 will条件句中句祈语气等表示请求建议等
You can post these letters if you want to
If it’s fine tomorrow we canmay go out
Please let me know if you cant’t come
Exercises C
5 If he ______ (enjoy) concerts why doesn't he come with us
5enjoys why doesn't第三称连 种建议 why not连起表示建议
Special Difficulties
Police and Traffic Police
traffic police 交通警
police n 警察
① n 警察部门警方（the连）
Ring the police if there is a burglary 果发生入户盗窃警方电话
② 警察（复数）
The police are questioning a foreign tourist 警察正盘问名外国游客
③ 果单指名警察policemanpolicewoman
There is a traffic policeman over there You can ask him the way to the station
Pay attention toCareTake care ofLook after
pay attention to （思想）注意
pay attention (to sth) 注意……
notice （眼睛）注意
care 关心 意
I don't care
Who cares？ (谁)
I don’t care if he breaks his neck 折断颈骨
take care oflook after 顾 料
Please take care oflook after the children for me when I am out
Remind and Remember
remind v 提醒
remind sb of sth remind sb to do sth
I reminded him to post my letter
remember v 记起 记
Do you remember 想起 remember sth
Remember 记(单独)
remember to do sth 记做……
Remember to send the letter
remember doing sth 记已做
I remembered sending the letter
remember sb to sb 前者者表示问候
Remember me to your mother 代母亲问
Exercise (选择正确词)
1 You can only learn if you(look after)(pay attention)
注意时候 会学东西
pay attention
★Lesson 17 Always young
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
appear v 登场扮演
stage n 舞台
bright adj 鲜艳
stocking n （女）长筒袜(棉 绒 现丝袜)
sock n 短袜
★appear v 登场 扮演
① vi 出现显露（反义词disappear）
The plane appeared
The plane disappeared
② vi 众露面登场（演出等）
The actor appeared
I can’t appear in this dress at the party
appear as 扮演……角色
He appeared as a prince (prince n 王子)
appear on the stage as… (扮演确切表达)
My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl
③ vi 似起象（seem义）显(系动词面直接加形容词)
He appears nervous 显紧张(起)
She appears to know you
Now it appears you are wrong
★stage n 舞台
on the stage 舞台
in the stage 某阶段(时期)
★bright adj 鲜艳
bright red 鲜红色
bright yellow 明黄色
bright blue 宝蓝色
课文讲解
1My aunt Jennifer is an actress
ess结尾女性orer结尾男性
actor 男演员 actress 女演员
waiter 男服务员 waitress 女服务员
prince 王子 princess 公
lion 公狮子 lioness 母狮子
doctor 男医生 woman doctor 女医生
god 神 goddess 女神 (God 帝注意 G 写)
2She must be at least thirtyfive years old
年龄两种表示方法：
① 数字+years old作表语
thirtyfive years old 三十五岁
② 数字+yearold作定语
my fouryearold daughter
must + 动词原形 必须(现)推测
She must be a model
She is fifteen years old 五岁
She must be fifteen years old 五岁
She must be at most fifteen years old 十五岁
She must be at least fifteen years old 少十五岁
at least 少 少
If you can’t clean the car you can at least help me to clean it
at most
3In spite of this she often appears on the stage as a young girl
in spite of (of 介词 面定会加名词代词句)
in spite of this
In spite of this I still like school
（school前加the表示学加the表示学校）
In spite of what you have said about her she is much better than Mary
4Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon
join 参加某种团体
join sbsth
join the army 参军
join the party 入
join us (口语)加入(团体)中
take part in 参加某种活动
take part in the race 参加赛
take part in a play
take part in the party
attend 出席
attend the meeting 参加会议 出席会议
attend the party 出席宴会
attend the class 课
Thank you for your attending 谢谢家出席()
Thank you for your listening 谢谢家听讲
5This time she will be a girl of seventeen
两种年龄表达：
She is eighteen years old
She is a girl of eighteen
6In the play she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings
in (+颜色衣服) 穿着……样衣服介词短语取代动词避免句话中出现两动词
The boy in green
in a bright red dress 鲜红色连衣裙
brightorangecoloured dress 鲜艳桔黄色衣服
7If anyone ever asks her how old she is she always answers 'Darling it must be terrible to be grown up'
ever at any time 时候(时间副词)
it must be 定……(表示推测)
grownup adj 成年
be grownup 作成年
grow up ()成长
问年龄时样回答：
It is a secret It is privacy
I forget it
Key structures
情态助动词 must
Must 译必须表示必命令强制邀请决心推卸责等处含义没时态称变化通常现时时 时态时must含义have tohave got to三种形式般互换第称时have to(have got to)强调客观求外原must强调观求表示说话认权做某事
have tohave got to互换alwayssometimes 等频度副词连时 have tohavt got tohave got tohave to更口语化
时句子中 have to 表示 必须have to意时态
She will have to… She had to… She hasI have had to…
have to作实义动词 否定式don't have towill not have todidn't have to
表达难道（做……）时般Must you…Do you have to…
Must you leave now 难道非现走？
I’m afraid so I have to study for an exam
must表示推测must do表示现推测must have done表示推测
He must be mad
I think…he thinks…句中定事实说话 (说成 I think he must be a fool )
must be否定式can’t be（）：
Someone’s using the phone it must be John
It can’t be John He promised me he wouldn’t use it today
Special Difficulties
As法
① 作介词表示作 ……身份等
In this film he appeared as a policeman
As a mechanic he can’t always keep himself clean
② 作连词表示 正……时候 ……方式……样等
You must take care of the bady tomorrow as I am going to London（）
As we were talking about him he knocked at the door（正……时候）
Do as you are told 做做(告知样做)（……方式）
As I learned … （……样）
③ 担……工作
I work as an engineer
Dress Suit Costume
dress n 裙子晚礼服连衣裙(女式)
suit n 套装（男式）
My brother never wears readymade suits 弟弟穿成衣
costume n 演出服民族服装某年代穿服装
All the actors wore fifteenthcentury costumes 演员穿着15世纪服装
Grow and Grow up
grow vi 生长成长发育
Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country
How tall you’ve got You’ve grown a lot
grow up 长成成熟（动态表示长成）
Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her
次见露西已成熟许
What do you want to do when you’re grown up
Some people never grow up 总成熟起
Exercises
3 She hired a(suit)(costume)for the fancydress party
costume
fancydressparty 化妆舞会 hire v 雇租
★Lesson 18 He often does this
New words and expressions生词短语（3）
pub n 酒店
landlord n 店
bill n 帐单
课文讲解
1After I had had lunch at a village pub I looked for my bag
Pubpublic house（酒店酒店）缩写
Let’s go to the pub for a drink
2I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there
leave离离开出发意思表示（物）留遗留丢等
Have you left anything in the car
3'I'm very sorry' he said 'My dog had taken in into the garden He often does this'
he指店狗英语国家士常称代词heshe指喂养宠物
Key structures
have法
1have作助动词构成种完成时完成进行时
2have作完全动词作具拥讲时have got通常互换have做 患病 概念时 作实义动词 作非实义动词英国英语中疑问句否定句中 have（具）法 be相助动词do did美国英语中常do助动词have起构成疑问句否定句
I don’t have a pena headache
I haven’t a pen a headache
三种情况have have got取代
I have a pen I have got a pen
I have a headache I have got a headache 病
have to have got to
have作具拥讲时状态动词进行时态动语态通常般现时时态中般 havehave got
You can have these apples if you want them I’ve got a lot more
果想苹果走许
He must be very fond of animals to have five dogs 定非常喜欢动物会养五条狗
3have作完全动词时表示eatdrinkenjoytake等意思时行动词包括进行时种时态 have表示含义时必须助动词do等连构成疑问句否定句
have dinnerhave a cigarettehave coffeehave a holidayhave a good timehave a swimhave a rest
Exercises C
面句话中have got代have
1 He had a drink before dinner ⑴换
2 Mrs Sullivan has a lot of money ⑵换 钱
3 He had to leave early ⑶换
4 We have had a long conversation ⑷换 进行
5 My mother has a headache ⑸换 患病
6 They had a good time at the party ⑹换
have a goodlong time 愉快(固定短语)
7 This sock has a hole in it ⑺换
8 She has to be patient with him ⑻换 has to
patient n病 患者adj忍耐 耐心
9 I have a bath every day ⑼换 have a swimhave a bath
10 This room has four windows ⑽换
11 He has a farm ⑾换
12 We had a letter from Jill yesterday ⑿换
have a letter fromreceive a letter from 收
Special Difficulties
give固定搭配
give常含义予交
I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning
gave away 赠送
He gave away all his books to the library
give in 交呈交屈服步投降
Give in your examination papers after you’ve finished
You can do what you like I will never give in
give up doing sth 放弃抛弃
He gave up drinking a few years ago
give up 交出出
Jack has given up the watch he stole last week
Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy 方三名军官敌投降
Beside and Besides
beside pron ……旁边……附
Come and sit beside us
besides adv 外pron ……外（）
She has so much else to do besides 外许事做
I’m quite busy today Besides I’ve got a bad cold
There were a lot of people at the party besides us
★Lesson 19 Sold out
New words and expressions生词短语（6）
hurry v 匆忙
ticket office 售票处
pity n 令遗憾事
exclaim v 声说
return v 退回
sadly adv 悲哀丧气
★hurry v 匆忙
① vi 赶紧赶快匆忙
When he saw that it was already eight o’clock he hurried to the office
② n 急忙匆忙仓促
In his hurry he dropped some coins on the floor
in a hurry 匆忙
If you are not in a hurry 果急(时间动作紧急)
If you are not busy 果忙(行匆忙)
in no hurry 匆忙
I am in no hurry 急
hurry up 快点
hurry to 匆匆忙忙
He goes to school He hurries to school
come in 进
hurry in 匆匆忙忙进
go out 出
hurry out 匆匆忙忙出
★pity n 令遗憾事
What a pity 真遗憾
It is a pity to be grown up (it做形式语)
It is a pity to steal a bicycle
I am sorry 感遗憾
I am sorry to hear that听消息遗憾
注意 sorry pity 词性区
★exclaim v 声说
① vt&vi（痛苦愤怒惊异欣喜等）喊惊
When she saw the gift she exclaimed in delight
② vi（表示抗议等）声喊
She exclaimed against the rudeness of the young man
shout cry call out 声喊
★return v 退回
① vi 回返回
Tim has just returned from Australia
return to 回
return to ChinaBeijing 回中国北京
② vt ……送回退回
He returned the books to the library
return to you 退回
return money ＝pay back repay 钱
★sadly adv 悲哀 丧气
涵盖悲哀
课文讲解
1'The play may begin at any moment' I said
at any moment 时候 时
The guests may arrive at any moment
It maymight rain (at) any moment
at the moment ＝now
at that moment ＝just then 时
I will help you at any time 时会帮
mustcan'tmay+动词原形 表示现未推测
She must be a model （must 定 ）
She may be a model （may ）
She can't be a model （can't ）
maymustcan't + have done表示推测
She mustmaycan't have been a model
I mustmaycan’t have watched TV
2I hurried to the ticket office 'May I have two tickets please' I asked
Can(May) I ……(表示……第称canmay相连)
May I have a ticket （英文中问句 常常起礼貌作）
May I have your name （ What’s your name 更礼貌）
Could I 现
（问句中更委婉说法 can I 更礼貌时间can没区）
Can you （第二称may表示……can）
have 活跃词 指意思
have coffee 喝咖啡
have ticket 买票 (惯法)
I'll havetake sth 买……(般buyhave惯法)
3'I'm sorry we've sold out' the girl said
sell out （店）售完（某种货物）（货）售完
They have sold out of eggs
Tickets for tonight’s performance are sold out
4'Certainly' the girl said 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance Do you still want them'
for next Wednesday's performance名词格取代时间……时间
介词for 起修饰作
ticket for+事情 ……票
ticket to+点 ……票
May I have a ticket to Tianjing
May I have a ticket for the sports meeting
still adv 意时态连
still yet 完成时态连(原先认)
want them 注意连读
5'I might as well have them' I said sadly
maymight as well+动词原形 ……(奈)妨……
I might as well take the umbrella with me
It’s not very far so we maymight as well go on foot
had better+动词原形 ……(积极心态)
Key structures
Can and May
1canmay表示请求cancouldmaymight代语气更委婉更礼貌时间没区
Can I use your phone pleaseCould I use your phone please
May I use your phone pleaseMight I use your phone please
含情态动词普通回答：
肯定：Of course you canmay
否定：No you can’t may not
2maymight表示推测……maymight代语气更委婉更礼貌时间没区
maymight +动词原形：表示现未事情推测
He may come tomorrowHe might come tomorrow
maymight +have 动词分词：表示事情推测
He may have telephoned last night but I’m not sure
He might have telephoned last night but I’m not sure
3maymight as well+动词原形：……(奈)妨……
Do you think he’ll pass that exam
He’ll never pass He might as well give up
★Lesson 20 One man in a boat
New words and expressions生词短语5）
catch v 抓
fisherman n 钓鱼渔民
boot n 靴子
waste n 浪费
realize v 意识
★catch v 抓
① vt 捉住逮住捕获
The police have caught the thief
Have you caught any fish today
② vt 抓住握住
Can you catch the ball
③ vt 时赶赶
catch a bus 赶车
I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London
catch④固定法
catch a cold 染感
catch one's breath 摒住呼吸
catch sight of see 见
catch fire 着火
catch one's eyes 吸引某注意力
★boot n 靴子
a pair of boots 双靴子
★waste n 浪费
① n 浪费
a waste of… 浪费……
It is a waste of timemoneyfoodwater
② vt 浪费
You are wasting time
★realize v 意识
① v 认识知道明白意识
I went into the wrong room without realizing it 意中走错房间
I realized that I was wrong
② v 实现（希目标愿等）
realize one's dream 实现某梦想
She has realized her hope to be an actress
③ 变事实发生（常动语态）
This plan can never be realized
课文讲解
1Fishing is my favourite sport
fishing动名词动词+ing组成动名词作语宾语eatingreading等等
★fish
①n 鱼（数名词）鱼种类（数）
There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea
②v 钓鱼 捕鱼
2I often fish for hours without catching anything
for+时间 表示段时间
for hoursfor some hours 数时
without catching anything作状语出现 表示结果状语without 介词面定加宾语 动名词catching作 without 宾语without 面动作语做动名词动词特性宾语
without通常表示缺乏没位动名词前时表示
I can’t repair the car without your help
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying
He went out without saying any words
3But this does not worry me
★worry
v ①烦恼担扰
worry sb 某……烦恼担扰（作动词定加作宾语 翻译时前翻宾语担心）
The house worried me My daughter worried me
① adj 担心
be worried about …………担心
I was never worried about this This does not worry me
4Instead of catching fish they catch old boots and rubbish
instead of… 原准备做……做……（instead of 面词定没做 放句面）
I went to school instead of staying at home 没呆家里学
I bought books instead of buying dresses
without强调没做某件事 instead of强调件事没做成做成外件事
副词instead作代反单独时般出现句尾
If you don’t want a holiday in England why don’t you go to Australia instead
5I am even less lucky
lesslittle较级意更少
I spend less time on English than on French
less+原形
A is less…than B AB
6After having spent whole mornings on the river I always go home with an empty bag
spend+时间+某 某度……时间
after+句 ……
after+名词动词ing形式 ……（句语必须句语时两种形式互换）
After I go to school I learned a lot of knowledge (般式表示事实 went to )
After going to school I learned a lot of knowledge
介词after宾语动名词having spent表示动作发生谓语动词go前动名词完成形式
with an empty bag 注意连读
with sth ……持……身带着……(状语)
Who’s the man with the beard
without sth 没带……
I always go home without angthing 什没带回家
7'You must give up fishing' my friends say
give up doing sth stop doing sth 放弃做某事
Give up smoking
8I'm not really interested in fishing
be intersted in sth doing sth ……感兴趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps
Key structures
动名词
动词+ing 作名词时称动名词动词属性接宾语动名词代名词做语宾语介词宾语
1动名词作语
Watching television is my favourite pastime 电视喜爱业余爱
2动名词作宾语
I am very keen on cycling 非常喜欢骑行车
He is capable of doing anything 胜事情
3利介词副词+动名词两句子连成句子
apologize for (not) doing sth 什事情道歉
I must apologize I interrupted you 表示道歉 断说话(工作)
I must apologize for interrupting you
断说话(工作) 表示道歉 （for interrupting强调interrupt动词）
I must apologize for having interrupted you（for having interrupted强调interrupt动词先发生强调时间 (having done)）两者时间概念意思相
congratulate (sb) on doing sth ……祝贺（某）
He congratulated me I won the competition 道贺 赢次赛
He congratulated me on winning the competition 赢次赛际 祝贺
He congratulated me on having won the competition
thank you for listeningattending
动名词表示完成时 having+分词结构强调动名词动词发生前面
4动名词短语
be keen on doing sth（热忠……）be fond ofbe interested inenjoy doing sth（喜欢做某事）
congratulations on doing sth （祝贺……）
be afraid of
be up tobe capable of (capable adj力 干 )
带动名词介词：beforeafterwithoutinstead of等
I can’t watch TV without falling asleep 电视时必定会睡着
5动名词否定式前面直接加not
Exercises C(括号中词连接列句子 需原句进行必改动)
2She bought a pair of boots (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes
4(After) She heard the news She fainted
after+句 after prep+doing
After hearing the newsshe fainted （faint vi昏晕 昏倒）
6(On) I saw the plane coming towards me I dashed for cover
on (prep)+doing …………（两动作必须）
On seeing the plane coming towards me I dashed for cover 进掩护体
as soon as …………
the moment +句 …………
两语定
Special Difficulties
Interested and Interesting Excited and Exciting
数现分词许分词作形容词ed结尾形容词常称语连表示情绪状态喜等ing结尾形容词常非称语连表明事物某种特征性质等
Fishing is not interesting I am not really interested in fishing
钓鱼没意思 钓鱼真正感兴趣
The match was very exciting The crowd got very excited
赛非常激动心 观众非常激动
be interested in sthdoing sth ……感兴趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps
It's and Its
it’s it is
It's ( it is) cold today It's raining too 天天气冷 正雨
its
This engine has lost its power 台发动机已失动力
Realize and Understand
realize vt 意识……
He didn't realize that he had made a mistake 没意识犯错误
understand vt 明白……
I don't understand English 懂英语
Exercises(选择正确词填空)
3There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio
exciting news
excited adj 感动 exciting adj 令激动
果–eding 做形容词作定语时修饰词关
on the radio 广播
I got news on the radioon TVon the telephoneon the line(线电话里)
4He is not an (interesting) (interested) person
an interesting person
interested adj 感兴趣 interesting adj 趣
5He is an explorer He leads an (excited) (exciting) life
an exciting life
explorer n探险家 探测者 探测器
lead a life 着……日子
lead a happy life
He leads a poor life
★Lesson 21 Mad or not
★mad adj 发疯
sb is mad
……疯狂（着迷）表示方法：
be mad about…
I'm mad about English
be crazy about…
go insane （insane adj 患精神病精神病患者极愚蠢）
I slowly go insanego crazygo madgo bananas
go bananas （go+adj 变……)
They are going bananas go crazygo mad (变疯)
★reason n 原
for this reason 理原
For this reasonI was late
as+句子 ……
because+句子 ……
★sum n 量
a sum of +数名词 笔……
a large sum of 笔…… (large 指数量)
a large sum of money 笔钱
a great many + 数名词复数
a great number of + 数名词复数
plenty of… 足够……
★determined adj 坚定 决心
be determined to do sth 定决心做某事
make up one's mind 定决心
decide to do sth 决定做……
make a decision to do sth 决定做……
determine v定决心
课文讲解
1Mad or not mad or not mad
or not 疑问词面表示选择概念
2Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad
drive sb mad 逼某发疯
You are driving me mad
The teacher is slowly driving me mad
3I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day
night and day 日日夜夜夜继日 (注意连读)
passing planes 飞机 （passing现分词作定语起形容词作修饰 planes(路)）
He forgot the man with passing time 着时间消逝忘掉
sleeping baby 正睡觉孩
waiting car 正等车
4The airport was built years ago but for some reason it could not be used then
years前面加确定数词时般表示许年years ago many years agoweeks等法相似
I have not seen him for weeks
some+数名词数名词复数 ……
some+数名词单数 某……
for some reason 某理
I’ll tell you someday
We’ll talk about it some other time 改日谈件事
5Last year however it came into use
however 然（句首 句中 逗号隔开）
use
① n
come into use 启开始（动概念没动式）
When did the train come into use
The road came into use last month
② vt
be used （动）
6Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise
over a hundred… 百……
must have been done 发生 表示推测动
away from 某离开（away 离开某） drive sb away from
out of somewhere 某出
7I am one of the few people left
one of… ……(表示特指群东西中面名词复数)
One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister
You can take one of these bags
left 表示留leave 分词 left 作定语放修饰词面
left 剩……东西相Who are left (by the others) 走留
I have a bag left
There is ten cents left in my pocket （cent n(货币单位)分 分币）
8Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane I have been offered a large sum of money to go away but I am determined to stay here
knock down 撞倒
offer v 提供（相given）
双宾语动语态中语两种 sb做语sth做语
give sb sth——>动 sb be given sth
give sth to sb——>动 sth be given to sb
双宾语变动时离动词宾语做语
原文句型结构 sb be offered sth
Key structures
动语态
动语态部分情态动词连（包括具情态功willwould）
He may have been told the news
The shops must have been closed now
动词+宾语+定式结构中动词动语态定式中动语态：
Mary was told to meet us They told Mary meet us
句型动词+间接宾语+直接宾语中两宾语成动句语间接宾语通常间接宾语成动句语时候：
Sam was given a gold watch A gold watch was given to Sam
Special Difficulties
Drive法
①v 开车 驾驶 (drove driven driving)
drive to… 开车某
I drove to Tianjing yesterday
② vt 赶驱赶围赶（猎物敌等）
drive sb away from 某赶走
drive sb out of 某赶出
During the war many people were driven out of their homes
drive sb back 撵回
Our army drove the enemy back
③ vt 逼迫迫
drive sb mad 逼疯
The death of all her children has driven her mad
Home and House
home n &adv 家家庭家园（着重指居住常爱温暖舒适安全等隐含意义带感情色彩）
I have a sweet home
house n 房子房屋住宅（指建筑物）
Tom must be somewhere in the house 汤姆肯定屋子里某方
★Lesson 22 A glass envelope
★dream v 做梦 梦想
① vt 做梦梦见
dream that +句
I dreamtdreamed (that) I was in Scotland
② vi 做梦梦见（ofabout连）
dream on 继续做梦 痴心妄想(做梦吧痴心妄想)
dream ofabout sth 梦想
I often dream ofabout you
dream of doing sth 梦想
I dreamed of flying in the sky
I dreamed of finding the gold I dream of being a good teacher
think of 想考虑想起
Do you ever think of the girls you met at a party
会想起晚会遇姑娘？
③ n 梦梦想幻想
have a dream dream a dream 做梦
Have a goodsweat dream 祝做梦
Have you heard of the American Dream
dream boat 梦中情 梦寐求(物 )
Do you have dream boat 梦中情
daydream 思想开差做白日梦 dream on
She is daydreaming
★age n 年龄
teengager n 十岁
adolenscent n 青春期(般指成年前1315发育期)
★throw（threwthrown） v 扔 抛
① vt 投扔抛
Don’t throw stones at the dog
Throw the ball to Tom
throw away 扔掉
Shall I throw this old newspaper away
② ……准目标……作出举动
George was very happy today Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning
The boss threw him an angry look
课文讲解
1My daughter Jane never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland
位语 My daughterJane
dream of doing sth 梦想幻想……
…of one's own age 年龄……
He is boy of my own age
receive…from… ……收……
2Last year we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle
the Channel the English Channel 英吉利海峡
with放句子面做状语放名词面做定语里with her name and address on it修饰名词a piece of paper
I have a bag with books in it(in it 省略)
3Both girls write to each other regularly now
write to sb 某写信
write (a letter) to me
each other 相互彼强调两者间相互 (注意连读)时短语指许间互相
We must all help each other
one another 强调三三者相互时代 each other
4Letters will cost a little more but they will certainly travel faster
cost意（）花费价钱……语通常某物某件事情
It costs a lot to buy a house
sth cost (sb) ……花某……（钱）
The dress cost me twenty pounds
more做形容词 做代词文中 more 代词 more money
give me more 点
a little 稍微修饰较级much修饰较级译
It's a little hotter
It's much hotter
That is more expensive （贵）
That is a little more expensive （稍微点贵）
That is much more expensive （贵）
but they will certainly travel faster
but they will certainly travel much faster
Key structures
of from in on动词
动词+介词固定短语通常分开宾语部分动结构：
1接of动词：accuse of（控告）approve of（赞成）assure of（……放心）beware of（谨防）boast ofabout（夸耀） complain ofabout（埋怨）consist of（……组成）convince ofabout（信服）cure of（治愈）despair of（丧失……希）dream ofabout（幻想）expect offrom（期）hear offrom（听……消息）beget rid of（摆脱）smell of（闻）suspect of（……猜疑）think ofabout（思考）tired of（……感厌烦）warn ofagainst（警告……危险）
Someone must warm him of the difficulties 必须提醒困难
He has already been warned of them 已警告
Don’t expect too much of your child
He must have spoken of the matter to John
I have never heard of the actress
2接 from动词：borrow from（……）defend fromagainst （保护……免）demand fromof（……求）differ from（）dismiss from（解雇）draw from（……中出）emerge from（……出现）escape from（……逃出）excuse fromfor（允许……）hinder from（阻止）prevent from（妨碍）prohibit from（准许）protect fromagainst（……提抗议）receive from（接）separate from（……分开）suffe from（受难）
He has already received money from three aunts 已收三姑妈钱
He borrowed three books from Mary
He always asked for help from parents
3接in动词：believe in（信仰）delight in（喜欢）employ(ed) in （事）encourage in（鼓励）engage(d) in（正做）experience(d) in（……验）fail in（没）help inwith（帮助）include in（包括）indulge in（沉醉）instruct in（教导）interest(ed) in（……感兴趣）invest in（投资）involved in（卷入）persist in（坚持）share in（分享）
She delights in working hard 喜欢努力工作
He failed in his French test 法语考试没通
Jack helped me in driving the sheep home 杰克帮羊赶回家
Mrs Turner is experienced in teaching 特纳夫教学验
4接 on动词：act on（遵守）based on（……基础）call on（拜访）comment on（评）concentrate on（集中）congratulate on（祝贺）consult onabout（商量）count on（赖）decide on（决定）depend on（）economize on（节约）embark on（事）experiment on（尝试）insist on（坚持）lean onagainst（倚……）live on（……生）operate on（起作）perform onin（扮演）pride(oneself) on（……感豪）rely on（）vote on a motionfor someone（……表决(投……票)） write onabout（写……事）
I think he wrote on the cost of living 想写关生活费方面
He finally decided on going home 决定回家
You can’t live on fruit only 吃水果
Last Sunday we called on Mr Dupont
★Lesson 23 A new house
★complete v 完成 (喜欢建筑工程连)
① vt 完成结束
complete the building
Work on the new school will be completed next year
② adj 完整全部
鲁迅全集中 全集 complete
Do you know the complete story
This is a complete family
③ adj 十足彻底绝
There is complete silence in the room
That was a complete surprise
finish v 完成
finishcomplete homework
finishcomplete doing sth 某事做完
I finish reading a book
★modern adj 新式 现代
modern historyart 现代史 现代艺术
modernization n现代化
★strange adj 奇怪(表示东西熟悉觉奇怪 陌生)
①adj 外异乡
Living in a strange land is not always a pleasant thing
② adj 陌生生疏
That morning he saw a strange face in the classroom
be strange to sth ……惯 ……陌生
This city is quite strange to me
stranger n 陌生
③ adj 常奇特奇怪古怪
The house looks strange to some people
A strange thing happened this afternoon
★district n 区行政划分区域 城市
district n 区行政区域带通常隶属某整体具某理特征
Haidian District 北京海淀区
The Lake District of Northern England is very beautiful 英国北部湖区非常美丽
area n 段
region n带区域方(世界某特定)区 (艺术科学等)领域 (气 海水等)层
课文讲解
1If she comes she will get a surprise
get a surprise 感惊奇（里 surprise数名词指令惊奇事意想事）
It’s a surprise to me that they can’t sell their flat
surprise作数名词表示惊讶
She looked at the man in surprise
to one's surprise I get a shock 吃惊
2We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country
a beautiful new house
离名词词该词关系密切 冠词肯定放前面
spare old cloth 穿旧衣服
a big red flag 红旗 (flag n 旗 标记v 标记)
3Work on it had begun before my sister left
work（工作作业）抽象数名词……工作面必须介词on
4In my letter I told her that she could stay with us
stay with ……暂住起 （stay vi 暂住逗留）
He stayed with his uncle last week
Special Difficulties
There is and It is
说明询问物等存时 there be 结构种结构般现时般时般时现完成时等时态there表示存必须it称代词作进步说明：
There’s a bus coming but it’s full
There’s a man at the door It’s the postman
it作虚语表示时间距离天气等概念时 there be结构
It’s fifteen miles to the station
Exercise(itthere填空)
3 ______ were some men digging up the road outside my house
there There+be+sb+doing+点 某某正做某事(典型句型)
digging up 挖出 找出
4 Look at those clouds I think ______ will be a thunderstorm
there 表示天气时候 面果动词形容词 it 果名词 there be
It is raining(动词)It is cold(形容词)
There be +名词 There is a rain 场雨
thunderstorm n雷暴 雷雨
9 After dinner ______ will be a long discussion on politics
there
on politics 关政治 (politics n政治 政治学 政纲 政见)
10 When will ______ be convenient for you to come
it
When will it be convenient for you 什时候说方便
★Lesson 24 It could be worse
★manager n 理(力 办事)
boss n 老板（钱）
head n 头领导（表示重系亲密物）
★upset adj 安(事发)
nervous adj 紧张安(事发前)
★complain v 抱怨
① vi 抱怨发牢骚诉苦（常ofabout连）
complain ofabout …(to sb) 某某抱怨……
Don’t complain aboutof the weather
I compianed of my salary to my boss
② vi 控告抗议（ofabout连）
The people in that district complained to the police about the noise from that factory
家工厂噪音太已警方投诉
Mary complained to the Jacksons about the rubbish they had thrown everywhere
杰克逊家乱扔垃圾玛丽已提出抗议
★wicked adj 坏 邪恶
① adj 邪恶坏（道德坏 evil 代）
She saw a wiched smile on his face
② adj 淘气顽皮（尤指孩）
Don’t be so wicked Tom
③ adj（天气）恶劣
Few people walked about in this wicked weather
★contain v 包含 装(强调容器装)
container n 集装箱容量
contain v 容器装
The cup contains water The cup is full of water
The bag contains books
include v 包含
★honesty n 诚实
honest adj 诚实
honestly adv 诚实
I honestly don’t know 真知道
课文讲解
1I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down
the hotel manger’s office 名词修饰名词
telephone number 电话号码
the village fair 乡村集市 (the fair of the village the fair in the village)
2I had just lost 50 and I felt very upset
lose vt 遗失丢失（宾语般钱物）
Don’t lose your key
feel +形容词般指心情觉……感觉……
feel upset 心烦意乱苦恼
3The manager was sympathetic but he could do nothing
could do nothing could do nothing about it 事力
I could do nothing to help you 没办法帮 力
Can you help me
SorryI could do nothing for you Certainly Of couse It’s my pleasure
4'Everyone's losing money these days' he said
days指时期时代in his boyhood days（童年时代） these days指现进行时态取代般现时 英文种修辞方法 表示满 种感情
5He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door
start to do sth start doing sth 开始做某事两者区
a knock at the door (敲门声)
knock at the door (敲门 指动作)
6A girl came in and put an envelope on the desk
A girl came in with an envelope and put it on the desk
★Lesson 25 Do the English speak English
railway n 铁路
railroad 铁路（美）
railwayrailroad station 火车站
★several quantifier
several＝a number of… 修饰数
several times 许次（说some times）
some 修饰数 修饰数
a great number of… 量
some time 段时间
some time age 段时间前
sometime adv 某时
I will defeat you sometime (总天败)
sometimes adv 时 偶尔
★wonder v 感奇怪
① n 奇迹奇观奇惊奇惊讶
Jane is a wonder She never fails in her examinations
the seven wonders of the world in ancient times 世界古代七奇观
② vi&vt 感惊讶感诧异……事情感奇怪
They wondered that there was a modern building in district
wonder at sth
I wonder at the beauty of the old town
③ vt&vi（……）感疑惑怀疑想知道
wonder +if +句 否……
I wonder if you have any spare time
wonder +特殊疑问词 +句 (陈述句)
I wonder what time it is
I wonder why you are late
I wondered where you were going
Could you tell me how to get toI wondered how to get there 问路
no wonder 难怪
wonderful adj 极
课文讲解
1Do the English speak English
English里均名词第指英国前面加the表示群体面动词必须复数第二指英语指语言时前面加冠词
The English often talk about the weather
English作形容词表示英格兰英国英国等
English相似单词FrenchChineseJapanese 等
2I arrived in London at last
arrive vi 达
arrive at 点arrive in 点
When will you arrive
reach vt 达……（面定加宾语）
When will you reach(arrive in) BeiJing
get to+宾语 达……
When will you get to BeiJing
How can I get there
homethere 副词副词动词连时候需加介词arrive 样般reach
homethere定样写home作名词there代词 作副词
get home 家get there
3The railway station was big black and dark
列表达方式中前面逗号隔开 两and连接
balck 颜色(建筑物)
The room is black
dark 没光线
It is dark
4I did not know the way to my hotel so I asked a porter
the way to … 通……路
Can you tell me the way to…
I don't know the way to… Can you tell me how to get there
I don't know the way to the school and where is it
I know the way
know sth well ……熟悉
I know the boy well
5I not only spoke English very carefully but very clearly as well
not onlybutas well not only…but also… …………
I can speak not only Chinese but English as well
Mary not only found her aunt but stayed with her for two weeks as well
Not only you but also I will go there语列(般)
not only喜欢放动词前面般遇实义动词非实义动词时候 惯放两者间
I can not only speak Chinese but English as well(更惯说法)
I not only like my mother but my father as well
as well身含义
If you go home tomorrow I’ll go as well
He lent me his pen and his dictionary as well
6He answered me but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly
neither…nor… …………
Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York
7My teacher never spoke English like that
like里介词表示……样
There’s no one like you 没样
He speaks like a foreigner
To learn English well is to study hard
口语中 To learn English well is study hard (没to)
Letter Writing
写信址位信纸右角称信头址面总接写日期
St Steet缩略
逗号址里表示前者属者
I am in class 1Grade 1
日期里 月日间需逗号月日序互换年代前逗号日期序数词出现月份定英语字母 February the fourth 1998 the fourth of February 1998 Haidian District(海淀区) BeiJing China(点句号)
Key structures
列句中语序
通列连词简单句连接起构成列句列句中分句根文求逻辑次序排列分句等重独立存
列连词表示加（and）（butyet）选择（or）连续（andthen）结局结果（so）however 句号面 单独成句 前边句子意思承接 没语法承接 语法承接表转折 but 列句连词：andand thenbutsoyetornot only…but…as well …………neither…nor… …………either…or… 者……者……both…and… 两者 yet adv 然 放句末句中 否定句 疑问句相连 现完成时较
Have you finished yet
yetbut 连词放两句子间 起转折作
or adv 者 否
Hurry up you will be late Hurry upor you will be late
语and both…and连接 通常采复数谓语动词
Both the girl and the boy are his friends
语 neithernoreitherornot onlybut also or 连接时谓语动词nororbut also面词致英语语法中称原离动词名词单数 整语视单数离动词名词复数 整语视复数
Neither he nor I am going to the airport
Not only Mary but also her parents have jgone abroad
★Lesson 26 The best art critics
upside down 颠倒（两样音连起时 前面音声读）
★art n 艺术
art student 艺术系学生
I am an art student （注意连读）
English student 学英语学生
student of England 英国学生
art gallery 艺术画廊 (gallery n 长廊 游廊画廊)
black art 巫术
artist n 艺术家
artiste n 艺
★critic n 评家
criticise v 批评 批判(指批判 完全责备意思)
He criticised my painting
criticism n 批评 批判
critical adj 挑剔
You are critical
critically adv 爱挑剔
★paint v 画
draw a picture 线条画
paint a picture 强调油画
painting n 画
oil painting 油画 Chinese painting 中国国画
Beijing opera 国戏 京剧
★pretend v 假装
pretend to do sth 假装……
When his mother came inthe baby pretended to go to sleep
pretend that +句 假装……
★pattern n 图案
① n 图案
pattern drills
② n 模式 典范
★material n 材料
listening material 听力材料
★appreciate v 鉴赏 ＝ understand and enjoy
appreciate sth 感激……
I appreciate your help 感激帮助
appreciate doing sth 喜欢做某事
enjoy v 欣赏享受乐趣
I like…
I love…
I enjoy…
I appreciate… （程度深）
I like sth
I like sth very much
I like sth better
I like sth best
★notice v 注意
① vt 注意察觉（进行时）
You never notice what’s going on around you
notice 细节注意 没注意东西 注意 细节东西
I notice the beauty spot(美痣)
pay attention to 思想注意
② n 注意察觉
The girl in red caught his notice
③ n（书面）通知布告海报
I know there’s a meeting because someone put up a notice outside the Town Hall
★whether conj 否
if表示否时候whether取代if表示果时候whether取代 whether…or not if
If it will rain… (条件状语句 时 will)
Whether it will rain…Whether it will rain or not…(加 not )
I wondered if it will rain(加 not )
★hang v 悬挂 吊
① vt&vi（……）悬挂吊
A pretty curtain hangs over the window
hang — hung — hung v 悬挂
The coat was hung
hang — hanged — hanged v 绞死 吊死
The thief was hanged
② vt&vi 垂
John was very tired He sat in a chair and hung (down) his head
③ vt&vi安装……转动摆动
Have you hung the door 门装？
★upside down 颠倒
① 颠倒
When he stands on his head everything appears upside down to him
② 乱七八糟混乱堪
My little boy always makes the room upside down
These men have made the whole country upside down
课文讲解
1They are just pretty patterns
just处指仅仅（）
It was just a wrong number
just意思刚正正
It’s just six o’clock
I’ve just heard the news
2We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material
pretty curtain material 漂亮窗帘布
in the same way that as… 正……样
The son walked in the same way thatas his father walked
I love you in the same way that I love my father
I love you just in the same way that I love money
in a way 某种方式
3I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else
else anyoneanything 等定代词面表示外加else 疑问代词连 who elsewhat else
I can find nothing else here excep an old dictionary
They can appreciate modern arts best
better than anyone else (表示高级含义)
较级表示高级：
The teacher is the tallest
The teacher is taller than anyone else (else少 语anyone中排)
The book is more expensive than anything else
4My sister is only seven but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not
连接词whether…or not表示选择：
I don’t know whether you are interested (in it) or not
You must help him whether you like him or not
否喜欢（）必须帮助
5'I'm hanging this picture on the wall' I answered
the windows in the wall picture on the wall 注意介词
6'It's all right' she said 'but isn't it upside down'
Isn’t it upside down ＝It’s upside down 否定疑问句没否定意思起肯定作起强调作表达种情绪
Aren't you lucky 真幸运
Isn't it a boy
Key structures
般现时
般现时表述现特征状态常表述常性惯性动作带普遍性情况频度副词般现时表示普遍性真理
情绪相连 状态相连 思维活动相连动词进行时态般现时动词：appearappreciatebebelievefeelfindforgethearknowlikelook likenoticerememberresembleseethinkunderstand 等等
Special Difficulties
Speech marks 引号
书面语会话中引号（单引号双引号）实际话括起引号英文中第次出现单引号 第二次出现双引号 英文中书名号引号代
注意事项
① 引号位行 应句尾标点符号—逗号句号问号—外
② 引语第词写字母开头
③ said asked等词面逗号 位句尾时 面句号
④ said asked等词置引语间时 句子半部分写字母开始
⑤ 新说话开始讲话时 起段落
★Lesson 27 A wet night
★field n 田 田野
in the field 田野里
in one's field ……领域
He is an expert in his field
football field 足球场
airfield 飞机场(介词on)
★smell (smelledsmelt) v 闻起
① vt 嗅闻
I’m smelling the fish to see if it’s all right 正闻条鱼否新鲜
I can smell something burning
② vi 闻起……气味散发……气味
You smell of soap 身肥皂味
smell 系动词 接表语 接形容词
The food smelt good (说成 smell well well 副词 身体 well )
taste v 尝起
The food smelt goodand it tasted better
sound v 听起
feel v 感
① 心理感
I feel ill
② 手感受
The blackbroad felt cold
感官动词：looktastesoundsmellfeel
You look fine
You look better
You look beautiful
③ n 气味
I can’t stand the smell in this room
★wonderful adj 极
Great (物相连口语中更)
Excellent adj卓越 极(相连)
She is an excellent teacher
Outstanding () 站出
Brilliant adj灿烂 闪耀 气
Fantastic
★campfire n 营火 篝火
fire 数数 (堆堆火数 炉子里火数)
★creep (creptcrept) v 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚) 行爬
creep out 蹑手蹑脚(注意 偷偷摸摸)
climb v 爬
climb the tree climb up or down (爬)
crawl v 行爬
The baby is crawling on the floor
★sleeping bag 睡袋
动词加ing 变成形容词作定语两意思
① 正…… ：sleeping dog
passing plane 正路飞机
② 做…… ：leeping bag
listening material 听力材料 walking stick 拐杖
★soundly adv 香甜
sleep soundly 睡甜
表示睡觉短语：go to bed 床go to sleep 睡觉fall asleep坠入梦乡（fall半联系动词）sleep well睡sleep deeply 睡沉fall fast asleep 睡香（fast asleep 熟睡）
★leap v 跳跃 跳起
jump v 跳
jump up and down 原跳跃
leap v 跳跃 距离(沟边跳边 位置变化)
Look before you leap 三思行
leap yearmonth 闰年月
skip v 课文行跳单词文章
Let us skip it
★heavily adv 量
rainsnow heavily 般雨雪连
smoke heavily 烟瘾重
He smokes heavily
★form v 形成
①vi 形成产生
During the conversation an idea formed in his mind
Ice forms when it is cold enough 果冷定程度冰会形成
② n 形状外形
The ice cream is made in the form of a ball
③ n 表格
If you want to enter for the competition you must fill in these forms
果想报名参加赛必须填写表格
★wind (woundwound) v 蜿蜒
① v 蜿蜒
wind one's way 蜿蜒行
The road winds its way
② n 风v 刮风
★right adv 正
right 做副词时强调边形容词副词介词短语强调动词 just换
Right here
Right here waiting for you 等候
I found my lost watch right in the graden 花园里找丢失手表
just like 正 just as 正
边加代词时just：just you right代
课文讲解
汉语英文意义等 没字等
My idea is the same as yours 想法样
I agree with you(口语)
I think so(口语)
1A wet night
英文中表示 湿 词：wetdampmoist (湿程度减少)
wet adj 湿淋淋（反义词 dry）
You are wet
damp adj 感觉太舒服
moist adj 潮湿 n 潮湿稍湿（感觉舒服湿润）
moist cake 松软蛋糕
moist eyes 水灵灵眼睛
dreamy eyes 梦幻般眼睛
humid adj 指气候较潮湿
2Late in the afternoon the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field
late in the afternoon 傍晚
early in the morning 清早
put up set up 搭建（强调搭搭草棚等）
build 建（强调精心设计建造）
build a car 制造汽车 (般 make a car )
make a desk
in the middle of ……中……中间（相两边表示理位置表示时间某程中)
in the middle of the river 河中心
He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night
Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived
in the center of ……中心……中部中央（相四面般表示理位置腹）
陆腹 center
Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia
3As soon as this was done they cooked a meal over an open fire
open fire 野外生火 篝火盆火（指遮盖没围起火）
cook a meal 做顿饭
4After a wonderful meal they told stories and sang songs by the campfire
表示……句式：after+句doingn
after I arrived > After my arrival 达
when the plane arrived > after the arrival of the plane
After his arrival we have a party
After the arrival of the flowersI took them and went to my girlfriend's
……旁边：
at the door 门边 (紧挨着)
sit at the table 桌边
by ……旁边 (会紧挨着 会远通常指距离非常)
Come and sit by me
There are many trees by the river
next to
He sits next to mewho is the next （表示紧邻着）
the next door to my house（next door 隔壁）
beside next to ……相邻
next to beside the village
near 附
near the village
5But some time later it began to rain
some time later 段时间
some time earlier 段时间前
some time ago 段时间前
a few hours earlier 时前
later表示
He told me he would come again later (on)
I met her again a few days later
6The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent
put out 熄灭火
I put out the fire
be out 火动熄灭
The fire is out
7In the middle of the night two boys woke up and began shouting
in the middle of the nightmidnight
at midnight 午夜
the midautumn day 中秋节
wake up 醒（语醒）
wake sb up 唤醒
开始干某事：begin doingstart doingbegin to dostart to do
8It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field
果强调某东西动形成 动态 果强调某东西 动态里 river formed 河流动形成
When I'm getting close to the doorthe door opened (动门)
The door opened 强调门动开
The door was opened 门开 强调
10The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent
wind表示曲折行时物动词物动词
wound one's way 蜿蜒行
The car wound through the village
right处表示强调意正恰恰种法见口语中：
I met him right here
He hit the man right on the nose
Composition
I am very tall(so)(but)I must be careful Doorways are often low(and)(but)I usually(beat)(knock)my head against them My head always(hurts)(pains) I have never(met)(recognized)a tall architect Have you
soandknockhurtsmet
doorways n 门栏
knockbeat：knock 声撞beet 持续撞击
against prep 相作力 (政治 反 )
hurtpain：身体某部位+hurts表示某部疼痛pain 表示疼痛名词
My hand hurtsI have a pain in my hand
I have a pain
meet 遇见 recognize 认出 (原熟悉次认出概念)
Letter writing
信头部分序：门牌号码街名城市名称区国家日期居住国外写信时需写国名 址行逗号结尾行句号日期面标点符号
Special Difficulties
put关短语动词：
put up with 容忍忍受
I can’t believe that he can put up with this
put up
① 搭建搭建
They put up their tent in the middle of a field
② 安排住宿……提供膳宿夜宿
It’s raining heavily We must put them up tonight
雨晚必须安排住宿
put out 扑灭
They put out the fire and crept into their tent
put on 穿
I’m putting on my coat
put away ……收放
Your room is untidy put your things away
I have put away all my clothes
put off 推迟拖延
Don’t put your exercises off until tomorrow
The meeting has been put off
put down write down 记写记录
Have you put down the boss’s words
Multiple Choice
6 They sang songs by the campfire They sang songs ___b___ the campfire
a close b near c besides d at
beside ……旁边 besides ……外
close to 离……(必须 to )
close to me 离
my closest friends 亲密朋友
9 The boys had put out the campfire The fire wasn't ___d___
a switched on b on fire c on d alight
be on 演 亮着(般指灯亮着)
What's on in the cinema today
The lights were on last night
switch n 开关v 开关
The light was switched on 强调通开关开
on fire 起火
The house is on fire 房子起火
alighta开头形容词表语形容词
The fire was out 火熄灭
★Lesson 28 No parking
★rare adj 罕见
① adj 罕见
rare 指世界少
rare animal 稀动物rare bird 珍稀鸟类rare illness 疑难杂症
scarce[ ] adj 缺乏足稀充足（少表示某时间段某方少）
Watermelon is scarce in winter （watermelon n 西瓜）
② adj 生
well done 全熟
medium adj 半生半熟
★ancient adj 古代 古老
ancient Egypt 古埃
antique adj 古代古玩古董古老价值
antique furniture 古董家具
★myth n 神话事
fairy n 神仙事
★trouble n 麻烦
① n 麻烦
I'm sorry to put you in trouble 抱歉带麻烦(口语)
ask for trouble 找麻烦
He is asking for trouble
have trouble in doing sth 做……时遇麻烦（书面语）
I have trouble (in) parking the car
I have a lot of trouble parking the car
② v 麻烦
WomanManChild troubles 女男孩子真麻烦
Never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you 永远寻烦恼
Let sleeping dog lie 找麻烦 (let sb do sth)
★effect n 结果 效果
have an effect 效果
have no effect 没效果
have effect on ……效果
The advice has no effect on me
课文讲解
1Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths
one of +名词代词 中（of面名词必须复数结构连动词必须单数）
One of your friends is waiting for you now
果定语句中出现one of作先行词 边关系代词指代面复数名词果 one of前面修饰词 (the) only边关系代词指代one词 作单数
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths
one of 直接作语时候 做单数
One of the answers is ture
One of those people is good
believe vt 相信认
Do you believe that cats eat grass
believe in 信信赖（格力量等）信仰相信……存相信……价值
I believe in God 信仰帝
I’ve never believed in John
2He has just bought a new house in the city but ever since he moved in he has had trouble with cars and their owners
ever since since 直（ever since语气since强句般完成时）
I’ve been interested in flying ever since I was a boy
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since
have trouble doing 做……麻烦
have trouble with sb 某相处麻烦
I have trouble with my roommate
3Because of this he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once
because作连词面接句
You can’t remember his name because you aren’t really thinking
because of 介词短语面句名词代词动词 ing
He came back early because of the rain
be able to 语般 表示力做can表示天生学力时现时时（could）时时中表示力时必须be able to现时时中cancouldbe able to般互换完成时中般be able to
Tom is only 9 months old and he is already able to stand up
I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I’ve had a few ★Lessons
get sth into ……弄进
get his car into his garage
drive the car into 车子撞……
I drove the car into the wall tree
even once 甚次（even 起强调）
4It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen
I have ever seen高级标志 做定语句 修饰前边faces
果关系词句中做宾语 关系词省略 I 前which省略
This is the most difficult thing I have ever done
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard
两结构定高级：
of+范围
of all the students
in+点
He is the tallest in the room
5Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone
hope 面加that句
turn sth to… 前者变成者
turn the prince to a frog
He was turned to a frog
They have turned the famous beauty spot tointo an ugly place
6But none of them has been turned to stone yet
none ofneither of做语时做单数
Composition
My wife (drives) (leads) a car She has (driven) (ridden) a car for many years (and) (but) she says that women drivers (do not deserve) (are not worth) their bad reputation Yet on the road she often (criticizes) (judges) other women drivers drivesdrivenanddo not deservecriticizes
reputation n名誉 名声
judge n法官 审判员 裁判员 鉴赏家 鉴定 (J)高审判者 vt审理 鉴定 判断 判决 断定 认 vi判断 作评价
Key structures
Wht has happened 现完成时
现完成时连副词副词短语：before(now)so farup totill nowjustalreadynoweverneversincefor 等since般时间点连for般时间段连
Special Difficulties
关系句关系代词
关系句称定语句形容词句形容词样形容物事件关系句分限定性关系句（带逗号）非限定性关系句（带逗号）
表示关系代词：whowhomthatwhose（口语中whom常who代）
表示事物动物关系代词：whichthat
关系代词四概念
① 代 做语宾语who做宾语whom
② 代物 做语宾语 which
③ 代代物 做语宾语 that
④ whose代表东西句子中成分决定(定指)
关系代词面加句先行词放定语句前面 两句话含词 定语句修饰词
I have a book thatwhich he likes( book 先行词 thatwhich 关系代词)
关系代词两功 承 启(句中 book 作句宾语)
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother
I can do anything that I can do 愿意做力事情帮助
The boat whose name is
I have a house whose windows are broken 房子 房子窗户破
关系代词关系句中作宾语时省略作语时
The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father
whose 面定加名词 然部分做语宾语
The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother
妹妹站门口男孩弟弟
The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt
飞机降落田里飞行员没受伤
He is the right person I am looking for
Exersise(需方填who which thatwhose)
1 The only games ______ I play are football and tennis
填 （果填 that 句中作宾语省略）
先行词果only 序数词 形容词高级修饰 边关系词that
4 This is the hotel at ______ we are staying
which 句中 at 原 staying 边
介词加物话 加which加话 whom thatwho
She is the girl whowhomthat I stayed with (句中 whowhomthat 省略)
She is the girl with whom I stayed
That is the house in which I live
6 That is the horse ______ won the race
which
选which that句子中词避免重复 句首已 that 选 which that
Who is the man that is helping you 谁正帮助（who避免重复）
7 He is the sort of person ______ everyone admires
填 person 先行词 句中做宾语
★Lesson 29 Taxi
★taxi n 出租汽车
taxi driver 出租车司机
take a taxitake a bustake a lift
★land vi 着陆
Whose plane landed in the field
★plough v 耕
plough n 梨v 耕 犁 犁耕 费力穿 艰苦前进 考试中淘汰
farm n 农田家场
★lonely adj 偏僻 迹罕见(方)
lonely adj 孤独 孤僻()
She felt lonely 感孤独（观）
alone adj 单独 独二 孤独 独adv 独
She is alone 独（事实 客观）
★roof n 楼顶（外面）
raise the roof v 喧闹 声抱怨
ceiling n 天花板（里面）
hit the ceiling 勃然怒 暴跳雷 怒发冠（美口语）
★block n 块 座楼
★flat n 公寓房
a block of flats 公寓楼 (英国英语)
a block of apartments 公寓楼(美语apartment n 公寓)
office block 办公楼 写字楼
★desert v 废弃
①v 废弃
desert the house let the room empty
②n 沙漠 毛
课文讲解
1The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'
called a Pilatus Porter’分词短语作aeroplane定语般分词短语作定语时放修饰名词代词单独分词作定语时放修饰名词代词前面
He landed in a deserted car park
a race across the Atlantic
call sb sth 某……
be called 称……
The instrument was called a clavichord
分词做定语时作动状态翻译
I have an instrument called a clavichord
a ploughed field 耕田 a deserted car park 废弃车场
written English 书面语 spoken English 口语
colloquial language 口语
2The most surprising thing about it however is that it can land anywhere on snow water or even on a ploughed field
that 句处表语句宾语句中that省略定语句中关系词句中做宾语时省略
The most surprising thing is that… （surprising 词换）
The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match
The happiest thing is that I can visitsee(stay with) mother during the Spring Festival (the Spring Festival 春节)
To one’s surprise …
3Since then Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places
since then 时起（强调起点）
so far up to now 强调终点
★fly
① vi 飞飞行
The aeroplane is flying over the river
② vt 空运（客）
fly sbsth To… 开飞机送某物……
He has flown his car to France
drive sb to… 开车送某……
My friend drove me to Tianjin
4Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion he landed in a deserted car park
once…and on another occasion 次……次……
Once I met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library
5Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman
request from sb 某请求
request for sth 求
6The man wanted to fly to Rockall a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous
take sb to … 送某……
too 副词形容词前表示否定含义强调程度愿做
too expensive 太贵（买起）
very 强调程度深
You are very kind
very expensive 贵买起
dangerous adj 危险
Composition
The plane (not only) (neither) (flew) (threw) close to the river (but) (or) also flew under a bridge (Then) (However) it (climbed) (ran) into the air The people on the bridge (waved) (shook) to the pilot (and) (yet) he did not (notice) (look after) them not onlyflewbutThenclimbed(ran 没climb表达更确切)wavedyetnotice
Key structures
般时现完成时
般时强调动作身现完成时表示始持续现动作表示确定时间发生现某种联系动作
I hope you washed them before you ate them
Up till now I have never been abroad before
Special Difficulties
Refuse and Deny
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment)
deny doing sth deny that +句 否认（指控做某事等）
The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter
refuse 作物物动词表示 拒绝接受 时 deny混 refuse作物动词表示 拒绝予拒绝求时deny互相换
All those not holding tickets will be refused denied entry 票者入
BringTakeFetch
bring v 某处某物带离说话越越
He brought the book with him when he came to see me
take v 走离说话越越远
He took the book with him when he left
fetch v 某某物取双程动作(双动作)
Please fetch me a glass of water
Very and Too
very adv 非常（very描述状况涉果）
I arrived very late but I caught the train
too adv 太（too表示太……引起某种果）
I arrived too late and I missed the train
★Lesson 30 Football or polo
★cut v 穿
① vt &vi 切割剪
Would you please cut the cake in half
I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you
天午报纸读事便剪
cut one's hair have a hair cut 理发
cut the tree 砍树
cut down the tree cut the tree down 砍倒树
cut the head off 砍脑袋 (off away from)
cut off electricity 切断电源
cut sth into pieces ……切成片(碎)
② vt 割破划破
cut oneself 割伤
③ vi 横穿穿越（介词acrossthrough）
cut acrossthrough 直着穿
The road cuts acrossthrough the forest
cut a corner 走捷径超路
When you learn English never cut a corner
No pains no gains
★row v 划(船)
① vt& vi 划船
My brother is rowing 划船 （row 强调动作）
go boating 划船（强调玩）
② vt 划船载运
Can you row me upacross the river 划船送河游岸？
He rowed her home 划船送回家
★kick v 踢
kick me 踢脚
kickback n 回扣 佣金
I get a kickback of 2000 Yuan
kick upstairs 明升暗降
He was kicked upstairs
well to go (美语) well done (英语) 做错
★sight n 眼界 视域
catch sight of… 见
catch sight of the bird see the bird 见鸟
out of sight 视线外
Out of sight out of mind 眼见心烦
in sight 视线
The bird is in sight
long sighted 眼光长远 远视眼
sb is long sighted
short sighted 目光短浅 视
课文讲解
1I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons
like to do sth 喜欢……（次性）
I like to drink tea
like doing sth 喜欢……（惯性）
I like drinking water
on afternoons 餐 逢午
2It was warm last Sunday so I went and sat on the river bank as usual
as usual 常样
3Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat but he did not hear them
call out 声呼喊
I heard someone calling out for help
call out to sb ……声喊
Mary called out to her father but he was too far away and couldn’t hear her
4The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water
so…that… ……致…… (that 引导结果状语句)
The teacher speaks so fast that I can't catch the word
My brother walks so slowly that he can't catch up with me (赶)
The English is so easy that I can learn it well
so面副词形容词 名词时 such +n +that…
5I turned to look at the children but there weren't any in sight they had all run away
in sight 见视野（反义词out of sight）
There were not anything in sight
No bus is in sight
In the afternoon we came in sight of the village
Composition
The wind(threw)(blew)his hat into the river He(put)(took)out his hand (and) (but)tried to
(reach)(catch)it(so)(but) he could not(so) (but) he(jumped) (fell) into the river(and)(but) got it
blew 吹 take out 出（put out 扑灭） andreach够着（catch 接住 抓住） butsojump 跳 (fall 掉进)and
Summary writing
4The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting
6Howeverthe man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank
but 连接两句子 中间逗号隔开however副词 表示意思转折 放句首放句中 逗号词隔开
Key structures
The Some and Any
some否定句any通常否定句疑问句some表示邀请语气中疑问句中果期回答肯定取代any
Do you want some Would you want something
Do you want any drink 想喝点什(愿意喝)
Would you want some to drink
姓名名国名（非复合词）前面通常加冠词特指海洋河流山脉部分复合词形式国名前定定冠词the表示世界独二东西时通常加定冠词the
It can get very rough in the Mediterranean 中海中会非常静
Many great cities are built on rivers Paris is on the Seine London is on the Thames and Rome is on the Tiber
许城市建河岸 巴黎塞纳河 伦敦泰晤士河 罗马第伯尔河
I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world He has climbed in the Alps the Himalayas and the Rocky Mountains
认识参加世界登山探险 攀登阿尔卑斯山喜马拉雅山洛矶山
such面aan起强调作
I’ve never seen such a strong wind before
Exercises D (必方填冠词athe)
1 ______ refrigerators are necessary in ______ hot countries
2 Which river is ______ longest ______ Nile ______ Amazon or ______ Mississippi
3 Heyerdahl crossed ______ Pacific on ______ raft
4 Why is ______ Britain sometimes called ______ United Kingdom
5 We sailed up ______ Red Sea and then went through ______ Suez Canal
1填
in hot countries 指炎热类国家 the
2 thethethethe
Nile 尼罗河 Amazon 亚马逊河 Missisippi 密西西河
3thea
the Atlantic 西洋
raft n 木筏子（ by加修饰by raftonin般加theaan里指类没特指加a）
4 \the
果单词作国家 基加 the方说 ChinaAmericaBritain旦词成缩略形式 前面加the：the USA
5thethe
横渡海峡across运河相连介词 through across
★Lesson 31 Success story
★retire v 退休
retire stop working stop doing this
He is getting old He is going to retire 越越老 算退休
I'm going to retire next year 明年会退出影坛歌坛
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now (retire go to bed)
★company n 公司
firm n 商行
corporation n 责公司
limited corporation 限责公司（缩略形式：LtdCo）
business n 生意公司
He works in my business 公司工作
★save vt 积蓄
① vt 挽救救助拯救
save one's life
The doctor saved the child’s life
They saved the child from the fire
save one's face 挽会面子
② vt 积蓄储蓄
He used to save letters
save money 存钱
He saved (money) for years to buy a car
西方喜欢提钱 save up 表示存钱
I have saved up for many years 已存年钱
Save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪 需做准备
★workshop n 车间
workshop n 车间（工作出卖）
workhouse n 感化院（强迫劳动方）
★helper n 帮手 助手
assistant n 助理
★employ v 雇佣
employee n 雇员 employer n 雇
trainer n 教练 trainee n 接受训练
课文讲解
1Before he retired Frank was the head of a very large business company but as a boy he used to work in a small shop
head首领头目意思the head of+名词意思……老板头
John is the head of the family 家
Frank is the head of the firm 弗兰克家公司总裁
used to do sth 常常 现做
My teacher used to live there 老师住(现住)
He lived there 住(知道现否住)
work…as… 作……工作
He used to work as a teacher
as a boy as he was a boy （as意思……时候）
as a young man 年轻时候
2It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day
at that time just then at that moment 时
3He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own
of one's own 属（own代词）
Do you have a house of your own
my own book (own 起强调作 )
of one's own one's own 修饰词位置决定 果修饰名词前边 of one's own 果修饰名词边 one's own
4In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes
in one's ies 某十岁时候
in one's twentiesthirtiesfortiesfiftiesnineties十倍数复数形式表达似非确定数量格形容词连时表示约年龄
in my fifties 五十岁时候
In his fifties he learned the second language
in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代
I worked began the job in the 1990s
5In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twentyeight people
has become 成长……
in a few years 年
…factory which employed… 工厂雇佣……（雇佣外工厂公司样表达)
6Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success
one’s hard early years early in one’s life 某早年艰辛（生活）
the long road to success 通成功长路
There is a long way to go 长路走
remember v 记 回忆起
memory n 记忆 memorize v 记住
Key structures
进行时般时
进行时表示某时刻某段时间正进行动作般时常句子里般时相更强调动作持续性般时表示较短暂动作事件叙述事时进行时表示背景
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
As I was getting on the bus I slipped and hurt my foot
used to do
used to do 表示现已存惯便现形成面常 but now…but not…any moreany longer等构成般现时句子强调现处
I used to smoke but I don’t any morelonger
He used to be a postman a long time ago He's a taxi driver now
久前邮递员 现出租车司机
I have given up smoking I used to smoke very heavily
已戒烟 吸烟厉害
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy
男孩时 常搜集邮票
used to仅般疑问句否定句形式助动词 doused身
Used he to smoke
He usedn’t used not to smoke
较常形式diddidn’t
Did he use to smoke
He didn’t use to smoke
针used to提问时般did：
I used to be a good swimmer
Did you really I didn’t even know you could swim
Special Difficulties
Experience
① n 历(数名词)
He told me about his experiences as a young man
n ②验(数名词)
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job
Does she have any experience in teaching
vt ③验体验
The village has experienced great changes since 1980
experienced adj 验验丰富
John is an experienced driver
Save
vt& vi ①救助搭救拯救
save one's life 挽救某生命
The doctor saved the child’s life
save one's face 挽回面子
vt& vi ②储蓄积攒 earn a lot of money mortgageloan
save money 存钱（余钱）
He saved (money) for years to buy a car
save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪
economize v济节省（节衣缩食）
Work and Job
workjob翻译工作job数名词般职业职位关表示某份事work 作工作讲时数名词常指具体劳动作业（做）工作事务等表示班
John is looking for a new job
I’m looking for work as a driver
I am looking for a new job
It was his job to repair bicycles
Composition
Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both) He (said)(told)me laterI(make)(do)aeroplanes (and) (but) I prefer bicycles’
not only repaired but as well told make but go for a ridego for a walk 骑车出出散步 ride a carbicyclehorse
go for a ride on sth (行车 on ) 出骑车
prefer vt更喜欢 宁愿
★Lesson 32 Shopping made easy
New words and expressions生词短语（6）
once adv 前
temptation n 诱惑
article n 物品东西
wrap v 包裹
simply adv 仅仅
arrest v 逮捕
★once adj 前
once ①long long ago 久前
once ② 次
I visited my mother once a month (次)
③once 连接句表示旦
Once you leave my company you must return the house
★temptation n 诱惑
temptation to do sth ……诱惑
temptation to steal 偷窃诱惑
resist the temptation to do sth 抵抗……诱惑
(resist vt 抵抗 反抗 抗 忍住)
I can't resist the temptation to laugh
★article n 物品 东西
① n 文章
This is a good article
② n 物品 东西（强调商店里东西 数名词 单独东西 独立体）
thing n 指东西（article相互取代）
cargo n 船货 (车船飞机等运输)货物
goods n 货物 商店里货物总称
★wrap v 包裹
wrap sth up ……包
Please wrap them (up) for me 请包
pack v 包（指携带 运输方便包）
I will takegethave it Please wrap them for me Please pack them for me
★simply adv 仅仅
simply only just
★arrest v 逮捕
① vt 逮捕扣留
When she was arrested she refused to say anything
The criminal was arrested
（criminal n 罪犯 犯罪者adj 犯罪 犯法 罪恶）
② n 逮捕扣留
sb be under arrest 某逮捕
Tony is under arrest now
controlunder control 控制控制
③ vt 吸引（注意等）
arrest one's attention 吸引某注意
The beauty of the woods arrested the tourists 树林美丽景色吸引游客
He was arrested by her words 话吸引
课文讲解
1shopping made easy
made 分词 意思（标题句子 标题省略 be）
make v 制造……样
make the room clean
make shopping easy Shopping be made easy(句子)
2People are not so honest as they once were
as…as… ……样（as+ adjadv +as +较象）
This case is as light as that one
It is as heavy as that one 东西东西样重
as…as…否定形式not so…as…not as…as…
It is not as heavy as that one 东西东西重
I am taller than youyou are not as tall as I
less +原级 +than＝not as…as…not so…as… ……样……（较状语句）
I am not so lucky as those fisherman
once表示前时动词式连：
He once worked at a large company
3The temptation to steal is greater than ever beforeespecially in large shops
the temptation to steal 偷窃诱惑力
The temptation to smoke is strong for him （to smoke定式）
表现现较 两种方式
① they are they were it is it was等时态
they are they were 时态
You are more beautiful than you were 漂亮
You look better than you were (省略句 You look better)
Is this your car It was my car 前车子
You were worse （表示You are better更差劲 表示现前更）
I think 想……
I thought 原……
② 短语than ever before
People are not so honest as before People are not so honest as they once were
4A detective recently watched a welldressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings
watch v 观察 监视 心(口语中)
watch the enemy
watch sth 心
Watch your head (威胁)
well+动词分词组成复合形容词做定语
welldesigned 设计错
welleducated 教养
5One Monday there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in so it was easier for the detective to watch her
as usual 象常 than usual 常
so it was easier for the detective to watch her (句中easier潜较含义it 形式语for sb中sb逻辑语
It be动词+形容词+for sb to do sth 某说做什事……
The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her more beautiful
(更漂亮 more 时会产生误会more表示尊重)
out of politeness 出礼貌 (politeness n 礼 优雅)
6After a little time she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible
after a little time 会
hand…to… 递(较权威)
handed it to an assistant (前 o 结尾 元音 开头 读时需间加[ ]音 ：my heart go on)
pass sth to sb 传递(更常)
hand in 交
wrap sth up for sb 某包……
as … as possible ……
I have sent you as many books as possible
He went home as soon as possible
7When she was arrested the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter
find out 发现……（宾语般抽象）
find out the truth 发现真相
find sth 找……(sth 见 模着 具体)
I find the pen (pen具体)
8The girl 'gave' her mother a free dress once a week
free adj 免费
Children under five years old travel free 5岁童免费旅行
fee adj 交费
fee parking 收费停车场
once a +表示时间名词表示频率：
He comes to the office once a day
Key structures
较状语句
较状语句含暗含……相意思 than… more…than…种结构外包括as+形容词副词+as…not soas…as…less…than…等结构句子里两动词相时态样时第二动词省略较句成含蓄句果东西明显避免重复句中成分甚整句省略类句子完整
People aren’t so kind as they used to be
No they’re becoming less kind 变友善
He is as quick in answering as his sister (is)
He answers as quickly as his sister (does)
He is not soas quick as his sister
littlefew法
littlea little数名词起little表示否定点没含义口语中常 not mucha little表示肯定具some含义
He has (very) little hope of winning this race
He hasn’t much hope of winning this race
Have we got any bread
Yes there’s a littlesome in the fridge
fewa few复数数名词连few表示否定little相似口语中not manya few表示肯定some含义
They had few guests last weekend
They didn’t have many guests last weekend
little较级lessfew较级fewer
During the holiday there is less noise in the building
There are fewer travelers than there usually are
Special Difficulties
A and One
定冠词a通常表示确定事物第次提事物a强调面名词 one强调 意思：
It was one apple I ate not two
There is a book and a pen on the desk
表示强调时aone时互换：
She will come home in aone week’s time
叙述事时常one+表示时间名词句首 a：
One Monday he went to the office as usual
★Lesson 33 Out of the darkness
★darkness n 黑暗
in the darkness 黑暗中(没光线情况)
★explain v 解释 叙述
explanation n 解释
Could you give me an explanation 解释
interpret v 解释 (强调翻译)语言间解释
interpreter n 解释程序解释者口译员翻译员讲解员
interpretation n 解释 阐明 口译 通译
interpretress n 女翻译员
★coast n 海岸（理意义海岸 海岸线等 感觉旁边岩石 陡峭
seashore n 海岸（游玩关系 游玩）
seaside n 海边
seashore seaside 感觉旁边沙滩 进行日光浴感觉
bank n 河岸坝堤（两边水面高）
★storm n 暴风雨 (解释风暴)
snowstorm n 暴风雪
thunderstorm n [气]雷暴雷雨
rain heavily 表示雨
pour v 灌注 倾泻 涌入 流 倾盆雨
The rain is pouring 倾盆雨
It's raining cats and dogs 滂沱雨
★towards prep 接
towards 强调nearer and nearer（强调越越）
★rock n 岩石 礁石
rock 表示huge stone （huge adj 巨 极 限）
★ahead adv 前面
a开头词（asleepawakealiveaheadalight…）表语形容词作表语形容词副词放名词面般形容词放名词前面
ahead 法：
① 放修饰词面作定语 定语置
light ahead 前方灯光
② ahead of… ……前面
He went ahead of me 走前面
③ go ahead 前走请便(回答请求时)
Would you mind my using your telephone Can I use your telephone
Ok go ahead
Can I smoke here
Go ahead Sorry +原(事实 口)
★hospital v 医院
hospital 前面否加 the功关系旦+the 表示点
go to hospital 病 go to the hospital 医院（病）
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 医院
课文讲解
1Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her
nearly adv
nearly a week 快星期
段时间句型：
sometime later…
Three days later my mother returned （强调某做某事简单句)
Three days passed and then my mother returned 列句 强调某做某事 强调时间(久)
…passed before…
Three days passed before my mother returned 强调时间(久时间 时间状语句 面句)
be able to强调力 够成功(强调成功)can 表示力
I can swim across the river 游条河（没游知道成功）
I was able to swim across the river
2One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm
set out set off begin a journey 出发
set out from… ……出发
be caught in+灾难 （突然）遇（风暴等）
be caught in a earthquake (earthquake n 震)
I was caught in a rain 遇场雨
As soon as he left it began to rain
He was caught in a rain when he left 刚离开 雨
遇meet 遇灾难be caught in…
3Towards evening the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea
towards evening 天越越晚
strike 强调猛烈撞击
4Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water
to强调方 没强调越越towards方强调距离越越
5During that time she covered a distance of eight miles
cover笼统表示行（段路程）根文具体译走飞游等
The bird covered the distance in three minutes
a distance of+具体长度 长距离表示具体距离
the red army covered a distance of 25000… 两万五千里长征
6Early next morning she saw a light ahead
a light ahead 前方盏灯（ahead 放修饰词面）
7On arriving at the shore the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen
on +动名词相as soon as＝the momentwhen引导时间状语句as soon as＝the moment面加句子on 面定加动词ing 承认动词句语做
On reaching the airport he was arrested by the police
…up the cliff towards the…两介词起动词作up处介词表示着……
8That was all she remembered
all作表语先行词 she remember 修饰 all 作定语句 省略 that
That was all I wanted to say 想说全部
That was all I can do for you＝I can do nothing else for you
9When she woke up a day later she found herself in hospital
find +宾语+宾补 发现……（宾补形容词介词短语充）
find the books tidy 发现书摆放整齐
I found the books in order
When I woke up I found myself in bed
Key structures
表示方目介词副词
① 表示两品词on offup down
Jim’s standing on the roof I hope he won’t fall off
Tom’s climbing up the tree I hope he won’t fall down
② 表示品词fromtotowards（强调越越）意义to（强调目标）相表示接等for 动词面表示意思
The ball was coming towards me
The plane flies from Moscow to New York
He went for home
leave for… 动身某（强调离开出发）
Yesterday my father left for Tianjin
set out for… 动身某
He left set out for New York yesterday
head forto 前 （强调）
③ 表示进出两种方介词into（进入）out of（出）表示某方……里面外面at（含种瞄准概念方性）inout of等表示目位置at
aim atfire at(瞄准开火)throw atthrew to the bank
Tell him go into my house
Did you stop anywhere on your way to the office
办公室路方逗留？
④ 表示穿越绕等动词时throughacrossunderoverround等介词
How did you get through the fence 穿篱笆？
How did you get over the wall
Special difficulties
Pass and Past
passpast区词义区pass动词式passed分词passedpast作物动词时表示通（考试）超等作物动词时表示（时间等）消逝
Your sister passed me in her new car driving great speed
I’ve passedpast my French test
A month has passedpast since I left home
past 作形容词介词名词等作形容词时表示前等作介词时表示超出（范围等）作名词时表示昔时事等
Frank is proud of his past experience
I go past the garden
Can you tell me something about your past
Next and Other
next表示时间序紧接果现基准 next前般加the果某时间基准 next 前面加 the修饰词
next day 第二天
Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn’t come to the party
第二天玛丽电话告诉参加晚会
the other day a few days ago (天前)
Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London
前天玛丽电话告诉已达伦敦
the other day 出现定时next day式 式
★Lesson 34 Quick work
★station n (警察)局 (定军方 警方关系)
post office 邮局
police office 警局
I went to the police 警察局
communication bureau 交通局 （bureau n 局）
★most adv 相 非常
① adj 高级表示……
This is the most beautiful car I’ve even seen
② adj 数部分
Most doctors don’t smoke
③ adv 非常（相very通常表达观感情见解等）
加the时译加a什加时译非常相(very 概念)常形容词作分词连
a most interesting book 非常趣书
I was most surprised when I heard the news 非常惊讶
课文讲解
1Quick work
quick adj 动作快 fast adv 速度快 soon adv 时间快
have a quick meal
quick freeze 速冻
2Ted Robinson has been worried all the week
worried adj 焦虑担心
worry vt 担心发愁
She appears to be worried byabout something 象什事发愁
3Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police
the local police 警察局
local adj 方性
local news 新闻 local color 色彩 方色彩
local people local call 市话
native n 土著adj 土生土长
4In the letter he was asked to call at the station
call at (some place) 拜访某
call on sb 拜访某
asktellexpectwantallowrequestorder sb to do sth 请求某做某事
sb was told 某告知告诉某
I was told that yesterday you did something wrong
he was told thatto do (动) someone told him that… (动)
5Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more
wonder表示想知道时面疑问词引导句
She wondered who that man waswhat had happened
want动语态时表示想（某见面谈话等）缉追捕
Please wait a minute I’m wanted on the phone 请等电话
This is the man (who is) wanted by the police
notany more no more
I don’t talk to you any more 会谈话
I walked no more 走
6Five days ago the policeman told him the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away
pick up （偶然意外）找获学会
I’ve picked up a bad cold
I picked up some French while traveling in Paris
巴黎游览期间学句法语
He picked up the book in a small library 图书馆发现书
five miles away类结构直接做定语 放修饰词面
The school is five miles away 学校五里外
the school five miles away 五里外学校
I live in a house which is five miles away I live in a house five miles away
7It is now being sent to his home by train
句语动语态现进行时结构amisare +being +分词
The clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my father’s
home 前旦加修饰词(文中his) 名词
8Ted was most surprised when he heard the news
most surprised中 mostvery意思常起形容词作分词连
letter writting
址中通常缩略形式 St (Street) Rd (Road) Sq (Square) Ave (Avenue) Pl (Place)词缩略形式 Lane Drive（行车道） pics pictures secs seconds
Special difficulties
call关短语动词
① call on sb 拜访探
Have you called on George recently
② call (sb) up 某电话（美语）
If you want my help just call up
③ call at +点 （某家方）进行短暂访问
He calls at every house in the street once a month
④ call out 声喊
Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat
⑤ call off 取消（某项活动）
For some reason they have called off the partythe meeting
⑥ call in 召集
Exercise 练
2 It's too late to go to the pictures Why don't we call the whole thing ______
go to the pictures 电影
call the whole thing off 取消
★Lesson 35 Stop thief
★while n 段时间
while some time 会
wait for a while 等会
after a while 隔会
★regret v 悔
① regret sth 悔……
You will regret it 会悔 定会悔
② regret to do sth 遗憾做……
I regret to tell you a bad news 遗憾告诉坏消息 (没说)
③ regret doing sth 遗憾已做……
I regret telling him the news 真悔告诉消息
I regret to steal your money
④ regret that +句 遗憾……
遗憾：pitysorryregret
It's a pity
I am sorry to…
★far adv 非常
far＝much 修饰形容词副词较级 注意most 修饰形容词副词 较级
较级前加修饰词表示程度点点a littlemuch
★rush v
① vi 奔
rush vi (腿)
While I was talking to Frank a man rushed into the room
run v 跑(速度快)
② vt&vi 仓促行事仓促完成赶紧做
Roy rushed (through) his lunch and left for the staion
Tom always rushes his homework on Sunday evenings
③ n 猛奔
Roy made a rush at the thieves
★act v 行动
Act (口语) 行动
take action to do sth 采取行动
★straight adv 径直
① adj 直笔直
He drew a straight line on the paper
This road isn’t straight
② adv 笔直
go straight on 径直前走
You’ll see a tower straight ahead 会正前方塔
③ adv 径直直接
John always goes straight home after work
Roy drove the bus straight at the thieves
★fright n 害怕
get a fright 惊吓感觉（类似 get a surprise）
You give me a fright 吓跳
give sb sth 带感觉
give me a pleasurean excitementa fright
frighten vt 惊吓vi 惊恐
You frighten me
This doesn't worry me
frightening adj 令感怕 frightened adj 感怕
动词够加inged 证明动词情感关 宾语会
frightful＝terrible adj 怕
Your handwriting is frightful 字真糟糕
Cold is frightful 寒冷怕
★battered adj 撞坏
battered (lose one's shape) 撞变形
battered bag 破旧堪包（battered软东西连时表示旧破旧堪）
batter n 击球手v 坏 猛击
damaged adj 刮坏
destroyed car车子损害修 damaged car 车子坏修 battered car 车变形
★afterwards adv
shortly afterwards ＝soon 久
shortly＝soon afterwards＝later
课文讲解
1A short while ago however he became a bus driver and he was not regretted it
a short while ago＝a short time ago 久前
while作名词表示会（段）时间时常a连时thethis等连：
They haven’t seen each other for a long while
Have you been in Australia all this while
I saw her a short while ago
however放句首 放句中果词两边逗号证明词插入语
2He is finding his new work far more exciting
find 般现时态 进行时态
He is finding his trip very exciting
far more exciting 更趣（形容词副词较级高级前面 far（相much）表示强调译）
It’s farmuch colder today than it was yesterday
This is (by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop
3When he was driving along Catford Street recently he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car
see感知动词（ smell feel hear watch notice等）动词+名词代词宾语+带to定式结构（省略to）中果全程do程中瞬间 doing：
see sb do sth 见某做某事(强调全程)
I see them dance (全程)
see sb doing sth 见某正做某事
I see them dancing (部分)
hear sb doing sthhear sb do sth
4The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag
with 旦出现名词代词做定语 出现动词做状语
He came in with a book (作状语)
The boy with a book came in (作定语)
get a fright 吓跳
so+形容词(副词)+that…such+(修饰词形容词)+名词+that… ……致……
旦名词 认形容词修饰名词 前面词修饰名词
drop vt 抓什没抓住心掉 （sb drop sth）
I drop the chalk
fall vi 落 （sth fall）
drop the money the money fall
The chalk is falling
5As the thieves were trying to get away in their car Roy drove his bus into the back of it
as when ……时候
get away ＝ run away 逃跑
How did the thief get away
by car in the car 开车
drive into… 撞……
6While the battered car was moving away Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police
stopped his carthe car stopped（时说话时视觉概念关停停）
7The thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize
…and easy to recognize and the car was easy to recognize (动表动含义)
果定式前面形容词 果句结局系表结构+to 定式中常动表动 定式表达方式中 动词宾语果刚句话语 宾语定出现
The apple is sweet enough to eat
The apple is too sour to eat (sour adj 酸)
The question is easy enough to answer
The boy is enough clever to answer the question
孩足够聪明回答问题 （the question语定出现）
文中 …easy to recognize(car) car 语 出现定式中 许动表达动含义 物动词面般加宾语(宾语句话语加) ：The clothes are too comfortable to ware
8Shortly afterwards the police stopped the car and both men were arrested
shortly afterwards 没久
both men ＝ two persons
stop the car 拦住车子（the driver stop the carstopped the car）
stop thief 捉賊
Special difficulties
So and Such
suchso表示程度 so作副词连词such形容词 so通常位形容词副词前such位名词前：
I’ve never read so interesting a book
I’ve never read such an interesting book
引导结果状语句时结构分：
so +形容词(副词) +that… such +(a an修饰词形容词)+名词+that… ………… 旦名词 认形容词修饰名词 前面词修饰名词果名词数名词单数加aan 反果数名词单数 前面定加aan
It was so cold that no one went out
such表示样等意思外表示类so表示种意思
He often talks about such things
You should not speak to such people
果形容词表示数量(many much little few) 律so
There is so little time left that we must hurry
There is such a little() bird that I can't see it
(little会数名词连连会译成数量少应译)
He is so lazy a boy He is such a lazy boy
果形容词修饰名词时候 冠词放第位 句话中冠词放第位 说明 a boy 关系 lazy 意思 boy 关系 强调点 boy 没关系 强调点 lazy
★Lesson 36 Across the Channel
★record n 记录 vt 记录
break the record 破记录
set up a record make a record 创记录
hold the record keep the record 保持记录
equalize the recorder 记录 (equalize vt相等 补偿)
recorder n 录音机
果词音节落第音节重音 肯定名词 重音落第二音节肯定动词
record n 记录 vt 记录
present n 礼物adj 现 v 赠送
desert n 沙漠 v 废弃
★strong adj 强壮
as strong as horse 象牛样壮(马)
strong wind 风 heavy rain 雨
strong girl (隐示瘦 结实)
strong mind 意志坚强
Out of sightout of mind 眼见 心烦
sturdy adj 结实 强健
robust adj 身体结实 (乐百事 英文名)
strong +运动员 获胜握较强力（强力手中强力 strong表达)
★swimmer n 游泳 游泳者
swimmer 确切意思游泳者 游泳
strong swimmer 游泳手
athlete n 运动员(运动会常说运动员)
swimming athlete 游泳运动员 (里ing意 )
★succeed v 成功
succeed in doing sth 做……成功
success n 成功 成功
successful adj 成功
be successful in doing sth
fail v 失败
fail to do sth 做……失败
failure n 失败 失败者 缺乏 失灵 障 破产 疏忽 <美>格
★train v 训练
train sb to do sth 训练某做……(教 形成某种技)
teach sb to do sth 教某做……(教 会会)
trainer n 教练 trainee n 受训
training center 训练中心
★anxiously adv 焦急
anxious adj 焦急
★intend v 算
intend to do sth＝be going to do sth 算做某事
★solid adj 固体 硬n 固体
① adj 固体
She will not eat any solid food
② adj 硬结实坚固（指家具建筑物等）
The ice is solid 冰硬
② n 固体
课文讲解
1Across the Channel
across 横渡
the Channel＝the English Channel 英吉利海峡(C写时 定指the English Channel)
2She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning
set out 出发 set out from… 某出发
3Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record
hope to do sth 希做……
hope that+句 希做……
set up创立建立指某具体事物set up a school指抽象某机构组织等
set up a new world 创造新世界纪录
4She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed
feel (that) +句 认……相信……（宾语句中that 省略）
My parents feel that they can believe in you
be sure to do sth 定够 必定会（肯定语气must（must + 动词原形表示定 种推测）强某件事情动词握）
be sure of… (某件事情 名词做宾语)
be sure that… (某件事情 某做某事握)
I am sure that I can do sth＝I am sure of sth＝I am sure to do sth
I am sure of my success I am sure to succeed
I am sure that I can succeedbe successful
5Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat
with her 道
by boat in a boat船
6Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England
will be doing 进行时表达
as＝when
swim + 距离 游长距离
All the world will be watching anxiously as the war broke out
We will be watching anxiously as you went (go) out （牵挂)
7Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours
rest作休息讲时数名词数名词：
Today is my day of rest 天休息日
After a long rest he went on with his work
have(take) a break(rest) 休息
take short rests 休息短时间
every表示时间名词前时译every two hours 两时
I will plant another tree every three trees 隔三棵树会种棵
8She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food
something to drink 喝东西（定式作定语）
have something to eatreaddo
9Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast
most +n most of the +n 数……
most young people most of the young people
will be waiting 进行时
I will be right here wating for you
on the coast 海边
10Among them will be Debbie's mother who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl
among prep ……中 ……(三者三者)
among them 中（中）
between them 左右
限定性定语句非限定性定语句
果逗号非限定性定语句 没逗号限定性定语句 非限定性定语句that限定性定语句少面句子 句话意思完整非限定性定语句前面句子完整 面句子起着补充说明作非限定性定语句旦逗号隔开 面句子前面句子关系紧密 起补充作
Among them will be Debbie's mother 句倒装句正常语序应Debbie’s mother will be among them
倒装句：点+will+名词
常见倒装句：Here you are Here is my ticket
全部倒装：点(介词短语副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中果语名词 放动词面 果代词 放动词前面 Here you are
运动场常口语：
Well to go Well done Yea Yeah
bingo int(出意料成功表示兴奋声)瞧
Go 加油
Letter Writing
书写址时常常写区邮区全称时写名称部分写字母：Berkshire写成BerksCalifornia写成CalifNorth West 3缩写成NW3New York缩写成NY
Key structure
时
表示结构：
① be to
② be about to
③ be going to 表
④ intend to do sth＝be going to do sth 算做某事
I intend to have a company I am going to have a company
⑤ plan to do sth 计划做某事
⑥ mean to do sth 算做某事
What do you mean to do(intend to do)
⑦ aim to do sth 算做某事
⑧ I will do sth＝I intend to do sth
plan to do mean to do aim to do hope to do want to do 类词身没时态 身表示 般现时表示时
be going to常口语中正式书面语中通常willbe going to陈述句疑问句中 常常be going to代shallwill时be going to代shall will：
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea 果船旅游 会玩开心
非正式语体表示意图算强调计划安排表示说话许发生事预先解时般be going to will：
What do you intend to do at home
I’m going to watch TV
They’re going to be married soon
果表示说话时决定做某事者表示建议请求肯 定 肯 定等含义时 will be going to：
You won’t forget to bring something to sleep in will you （表示建议）
Don’t worry I’ll bring a sleeping bag （表示决定）
I shan’t be able to look after the baby and cook lunch （表示肯定）
I’ll look after the baby while you cook lunch （表示决定）
Tomorrow will be Tuesday
Special Difficulties
Watch Look at Follow
Watch (something happening) 观 (正发生事情)注视注意
Do you have to watch me eating my supper 非吃晚饭？
How long have you been watching the race
Look at 仔细（留意）
Look at the blackboard 黑板
Follow (go after) (走面)
I followed my mother into the kitchen 着母亲走进厨房
The dog followed me all the way home
特定时候follow表示注视目光：
Have you ever seen a cat followwatch a bird’s every movement
没见猫注视鸟举动？
Solid Firm Stable
Solid (not liquid) 固体 (非流体)硬(固体)结实坚固（指家具建筑物等）
This is a solid table 张桌子结实
Firm
① (not loose) 稳固 (松动)会更改牢固
I've fixed that hook It is firm now 鱼钩固定 现牢固
This table is firm You can stand on it
② (not doubtful) (疑) 表示态度信念等坚定坚决
He gave me a firm refusal 断然拒绝
He is firm about going abroad 出国件事态度坚决
③ (not lenient) 严格严厉
You must be very firm with that child 孩子定非常严格
Stable (often describing character) 坚定稳重 信赖（指性格）稳定稳固（指工作机构环境等）
He is a very stable person 性格坚定
He is not a very stable person 太稳重
I’m glad that you’ve got a stable job now
Exercise 练 面词填空
1 I came to a ______ decision and I will not change my mind
2 I stood on the bridge and ______ the boats passing by
3 May I ______ your photograph album
4 The ice in the pond is so ______ that you can walk to it
5 I tried to persuade him but he remained ______
1 firm
come to a decisionmake a decision 定决心
come to a conclusion 出结 (conclusion] n结束 缔结 结)
2watched
watch sb doing sth(句型结构)
3look at
4so solid坚硬
The ice in the pond is solid enough to walk on(加 it)
The ice in the pond is so solid that you can walk on it
The room is clean enough to live in
The room is so clean that we can live there
5 firm (改变意 firm )
★Lesson 37 The Olympic Games
★Olympic adj 奥林匹克
the Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会（简称the Games般型运动会games)
★hold (heldheld) v 召开
① vt 着抓住抱住
Please hold the bady while I take off my coat
Why are you holding my bag
② 容纳装包含
This cup can’t hold much water 杯子装少水
The stadium can hold 20000 people
③ 举行进行（会议会谈等）庆祝（节日）纪念
have a meeting hold a meeting 召开会议
hold惯动：
The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008 (two thousand eight)
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year 节日庆典年爱丁堡举行次
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject
明天准备开次会讨议题
The next conference will be held in Geneva 次会议日瓦举行
★immense adj 巨
★fantastic adj 巨
fantastic adj 巨(建筑等表惊叹)极 宏伟
immense adj 极 边 际
The universe is immense
immense ocean big adj（般）
big man 物
large adj 数量 尺寸
large man 块头
great adj 伟 重
great man 伟
huge adj(体积)巨 庞极 限
★stadium n 露天体育场
playground n 操场
sports field 运动场 体育场（sports 种样运动）
gymnasium n 健身房体育馆体育
篮球场 gym 足球场 stadium
★standard n 标准
high standard 高标准
Olympicstandard 奥林匹克标准(运动会中高标准)（复合形容词：形容词+名词）
★capital n 首
capital adj 写 重
capital punishment 极刑 (punishment n惩罚 处罚 惩处)
hot seat 电椅（国外极刑）
★design v 设计
① vt &vi 设计图样
George has designed a new bridge
② vt &vi 算（做……）计划
He designed to enter for the competition
This book is designed for foreign tourist
③ n 图样图纸设计
Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress
Here is the design of the new house
designer n 设计师
well－designed 设计错（复合形容词：副词+分词）
课文讲解
1The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time
in four years’ time 四年（in常时连表示……时间）
He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour
four years later 四年
four years ago 四年前
2As a great many people will be visiting the country the government will be building new hotels an immense stadium and a new Olympicstandard swimming pool
asbecause 原as 连词引出原状语句as 表示原时通常位句首表明原讲话象已知没必予强调because 时候代 as说明种种原 as定总代becausebecause般句面强调讲话象知道原
As you can’t type the letter yourself you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you
Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car
a large number of people a great many people 批
an immense stadium 型体育场
a new Olympicstandard swimming pool 新奥运会标准游泳池
3They will also be building new roads and a special railway line
be building 修建
a special railwayline 专线铁路
4Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year
by the end of this year 年年底前
by the end of next year 明年年底前
by完成时标志 表示……止……前晚某时时间表示段时间名词名词连表示时间点名词词组连肯定句否定句定区
I’ll have left by Monday 星期已离开（ 星期前时间）
I won’t have left by Monday 星期前会离开 （星期）
5Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up
as连词相while正值讲引出时间状语句引导句然表示动作般现时 …will go up
be built强调建造go up （建筑物）兴建起拔起
Many new houses are going up in this district
6We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country
look forward to+nprondoing sth (高兴)盼期
look forward to…expect(期)区expect没高高兴成分
Look forward to your letter
Letter Writing
信址面必须写完整日期日期两种写法：17th April 19April 17th 19数字写法：1st（1日）2nd（2日）3rd（3日）4th（4日）等
Key structures
般完成时
般时预言发生事外表示意愿允诺建议请求提议等
The radio hasn’t been mended yet Never mind I’ll mend it for you （允诺）
Will you open the door for me please （请求）
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow （建议）
进行时表示久正进行动作外表示计划安排事：
A great many people will be visiting the country
完成时表示某时刻已完成动作完成时will have+分词构成常bynot…tilluntil+表示时间名词连
I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow
I will have finished it untiltill tomorrow
现完成式 现某点时间止
完成式 某点时间止
完成式 某点时间止 某动作已发生
Special Difficulties
Look短语
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高兴)盼期着（to介词面名词代词动名词接动词原形）
I am looking forward to the summer holidays 正盼暑假
I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend
Look out (be careful) 心 (注意)留神
Look out A bus is coming 心点 公汽车
You should always look out when you walk across a road
Look out of 外 Don’t look out of the window
Look up
① (get information from a reference book) 查阅 (参考书中获取资料)
I don't understand this word I shall look it up in a dictionary
懂词词义 查字典
② (visit) 拜访
Don't forget to look me up when you return 回时忘
I’m going to look up Mary this afternoon
Exercise 练 holdlook 正确形式填空
4 The students' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday
5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there
6 Examinations will be ______ next week I'm not ______ them
4 held debate on … 辩…… （debate v 争 辩n 争 辩）
union n 联合合结合联盟协会
口语程三步：dialogue(话)discussion(讨)debate(争)
capital n 首写
5 look (her) up
look (sb) up 拜访 英文中定正式 意思
6 heldlooking forward to
hold an exam 举行考试
take the exam 接受考试
★Lesson 38 Everything except the weather
★Mediterranean n (the ~)中海
Mediterranean n中海（Mediterranean sea 位欧 亚 非三洲间）中海岸居民adj
中海 中海民族
★complain v 抱怨
complain to sb 某抱怨
complain ofabout sth 抱怨某事
★continually adv 断
continually adv 连续 频繁(时断时续)
The baby cry continually
continuously adj 连续断
continue v 继续 连续 延伸
★bitterly adv 刺骨
bitterly disappointed 彻底失 （disappoint vt失）
I am bitterly disappointed
bitterly cold 刺骨寒冷
It’s bitterly cold （chilly adj 寒冷）
★sunshine n 阳光
直接 sun 表示阳光
a drop of sunshine 缕阳光 （a drop of 缕）
课文讲解
1He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country
dream of… 想 梦见(梦想)幻想
Frank used to dream of having a car of his own
think of… 想(思维活动) 考虑
settle down 定居安身安顿
After two years of traveling I want to settle down now
2He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there
no sooner…than… …………（关联词引导时间状语句句里常完成时than面句般时）相法as soon asthe momenton doing
had no sooner done…than +般时 固定法 (时态结构 完成时态 + than + 般时)
He had no sooner arrived than he called me up
no sooner 放句首倒装
No sooner had he arrived than he called me up (倒装)
3Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather for even though it was still summer it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold
almost immediately 马 快 (时间快 常写作)
for（连词）表示(解释说明 附加)＝because（定说原）forbecause句首 for面必须重复语：
I don’t have a car for I can’t afford it
even though even if 然（引导步状语句）
Even though I came here my mind was absent 心焉
4After so many years of sunshine Harrison got a shock
so many years 年
after it rained for days after so many days of rain 天雨
After seven years of hard work he was successful
After ten years of staying in abroad he decided to return and settle down
got a shock 吓跳 吃惊
5He acted as if he had never lived in England before
as if+句子 似 （引导表示方式状语句果句完成时虚拟语气描述事实相反 面条件假）
He acted as if he was poor (as if 真假 应根文)
My leg hurts as if it was broken
连词as ifthough引导方式状语句通常描述行举止动词actappearfeellooksmellsound等面：
She acted as if she were mad （虚拟语气）
It feels as ifthough it’s going to rain
6In the end it was more than he could bear
more than里表示超……范围
This piece of news is more than I can believe
It was more than I could understand
I can't affard it ＝ It was more than I can affard
种法通常表示……更法稍：
There were more than ten people in the room
7He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country
hardly…when… 没…………法no sooner…than
hardly had sb done when… (hardly句首 倒装)
He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out（knock out 晕 击倒）
have time to do sth 时间做某事
I have no time to talk with you 没时间说话
I have time enough to have coffee 足够时间喝咖啡
Composition
1 He bought an old car It was in a very bad state(but)
2 The engine was worn out The gearbox was full of sawdust (The engine…not only…but…as well)
3 He could not drive it He could no sell it He could not even give it away (neither…nor…nor)
1 in a bad state 状态太
though 然 even though＝even if 词出现两句间 加but
2 The engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust
worn out 破旧堪
engine n 发动机 机车 火车头
gearbox n 变速箱
sawdust n 锯屑 木头屑子 （saw n 锯v 锯）
not only出现句首倒装般会放句首
3 He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away
He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away (样写更)
neither do sth nor do sth nor do sth 更
Letter writing
日期：年列月份写出全称：3月4月5月6月7月剩余月份写成：Jan (1月)Feb (2月)Aug (8月)Sept (9月)Oct (10月)Nov (11 月) Dec (12月)
Key structures
完成时
完成时常般时连表示某动作发生前完成动作完成时连表示时间词词组whenafteras soon as(not) untilby that time(never) beforealreadyforsincejustno sooner…thanhardly…when等完成时副词ago连（ago般时连）
He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening 昨天晚没做完
I’d never flown a plane at all until I flew this one 驾驶架飞机前没驾驶飞机
Special Difficulties
No sooner…than and Hardly…when
no sooner…than (…………)hardly…when (未…………)两组连词意义 as soon as相as soon as正式通常完成时连no soonerhardly位句首时面谓结构颠倒序句子变no soonerhardly +助动词 +语 +动词形式语序
No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted 刚开始讲话断
Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving
Country and Countryside
country n 国家祖国乡（做乡讲时常the 连）
Which country do you come from
He had planned to settle down in the country
countryside n 农村区（强调景色）乡
The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful 维纳周围乡村非常漂亮
I grew up in the countryside
Continuously and Continually
continuously adv 断连续（指动作中间没间断）
You mustn’t watch TV for such a long time continuously
This plane can fly continuoulsly for twenty hours
continually adv 频繁反复（指动作中间间断持续久）
It rained continually 天频繁雨
The river flows under this bridge continuously 河水停桥流
★Lesson 39 Am I all right
★following adj
the next day the following day 第二天
the next week the following week 第二星期
★alone adj 独
alone 强调孤单
home alone’ 独家
Leave me alone 烦着呢 理
Leave him alone 呆会
★exchange n (电话)交换局
① vt 换更换调换（指类事物间）
I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one
② vt 交换互换
I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words
Did you exchange gifts after the party
③ n 电话交换台
He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington
★inquire v 询问 听
① vt &vi 听询问
A Mr Wang inquired your telephone number 位王先生听您电话号码
inquire sth of sb 某听
insquire about sth 听某事
He wanted to inquire about a certain patient
②vi 调查查问
He didn’t tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident
③ vi 求见（某）找（某）
She inquired for the manager 想见理
★certain adj 某
certain面名词数量前面数词定
某a certain +n（单数）
a certain patient some patient 某病
某两two certain + n(复数)
two certain patient
some+数名词单数时表示某(某)
for some reason 某理
课文讲解
1Am I all right
all right 指健康状况时表示安然恙良
I was not very well last week but I feel all right now
2While John Gilbert was in hospital he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful but the doctor refused to do so
So里代词代前面动词定式（to tell him whether…） 般 出 现 believedoexpecthopesaytellthinkappear 等：
Is it true that John has had an operation
I am afraid so I believe so I think so It seems so
3The following day the patient asked for a bedside telephone
the following day the next day里following表示紧接着次
ask for 请求索求（某东西）句（…asked for Doctor Millington）中表示求（某）（接电话）
bedside telephone 床头电话
4When the doctor answered the phone Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient a Mr John Gilbert
Certain 里没肯定确实等含义表示某某位暗指说话者说话象事清楚熟悉指身份清楚：
Mary years ago a certain doctor arrived in London
a Mr John Gilbert 位名约翰吉尔伯特先生
a+名前面 表示某拥特征认识某某种情况 a 通常表示某certain连：
He is a Leifeng 表示具雷锋特征
A certain Mrs Hart is waiting to see you
位哈特夫正等着见您
5He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks
for another two weeks 两星期
another作限定词表示时候通常数单数名词连复数形式连面基数词few+复数名词（成整体）：
I need another three driving ★Lessons before my test
考试前需3节驾驶课
I need another few hours before I can finish my homework
需时做完作业
Key structures
直接引语间接引语
直接引语疑问句变间接引语疑问句时引号问号直接疑问句中倒装语序转述疑问句里原陈述句语序（语+动词）必改变时态转述般疑问句时必须ifwhether省略助动词dodoesdid转述疑问句里消失
She asked ifwhether you were tired 问否感疲劳
askwant to knowwonder等面 ifwhether 通常互换 whether表示怀疑程度if稍
I wonder ifwhether he’s phoned the doctor
表示两者挑时更常whether：
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee
转述疑问句中带or not时通常whether引导if引导：
He wants to know whether or not we want dinner
Did the children say they’d eaten 没告诉吃没
转述特殊疑问句时通常原疑问词针语提问间接疑问句中时态情态助动词常变化语序保持变
Tom asked if whether Jack would arrive the next day 汤姆问杰克第二天否
Jane asked why I hadn't written to her 简问什写信
果直接引语问句变间接引语时句说He saidHe askedtold问句陈述句：直接引语表示命令请求建议祈句通常适动词定式转述常类动词adviseasktellordercommandwarminvite等动词间接宾语转述类祈句否定形式时必须not放带to定式前：
She remindedtold me to turn off all the lights
The teacher was tellingorderingcommanding her students to close their books
tell sb to do sth
The teacher told me (not) to open the door
ask sb to do sth
动词suggestinsist转述建议求时结构 suggestinsist +that句（ should）：
He suggests that they should sell the flat I hope they won’t sell the flat
He still insisted that we should help him
★Lesson 40 Food and talk
★hostess n 女
host n 男v 作 办
actor n 男演员 actress n 女演员
★unsmiling adj 笑
unsmiling adj 笑（un+smiling 定表示 严肃）
serious adj严肃 认真 严重
My father is serious
★tight adj 紧身
tight jeans 紧身牛仔裤
The shoes are smalltight (夹脚 紧)
tights n 贴身衬衣 紧身衣 女连裤袜
★fix v 凝视
① v ……固定安装
fix the picture on the wall
She fixed a handle on the door
fix on （目光注意力等）集中盯着
fix one's eyes on sthone's eyes be fixed on sth 盯着……目转睛（惯动）
All the eyes were fixed on the blackboard 眼睛盯着黑板
② v 修理
★globe n 球球状物 球仪adj 全球
global problem 全球性问题
earth n 球
global 阁楼宝种灭蟑螂药名
★despair n 绝
despair n 绝 失 令失(事物)vi绝
in despair 绝
sbsth is the despair of… …………感绝
The boy is the despair of his parents 男孩父母感绝
This boy is his mother's despair 男孩妈绝
The examination was the despair of me The examination was my despair
考试已绝
disappoint vt 失
课文讲解
1Last week at a dinner party the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold
dinner数名词at a dinner party中a修饰dinner partyhave dinner加a
ask sb to do sth 某做某事
next to ……相邻挨着（表示座位挨着表示理位置挨着）
sit next to me 坐旁边
There’s a fieldshop next to our house
2Mrs Rumbold was a large unsmiling lady in a tight black dress
unsmiling表示bad mix难融合义词smiling（微笑喜气洋洋）
形容词前面加前缀un表示相反意义：comfortable（舒服） uncomfortable（舒服）true（真实）untrue（真实）interesting（趣） uninteresting（趣味乏味）
in里表示穿着戴着：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you
（inquiring for sb 找（某）求见某）
3She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her
take a seat 坐sit正式
Please take a seat
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排
After everyone had taken his seat the meetingdinnerparty began
4Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time she was busy eating
busy +doing sth 忙着做某事（doing前加in加）
We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance
5'A new play is coming to The Globe soon' I said 'Will you be seeing it'
The new film is coming to the cinema A new play will be on at The Globe’
映
The film will be on 部电影映
6'if you ate more and talked less we would both enjoy our dinner’
列句中相句子成分（语谓语状语等）通常词性单词词组表示长度差保持句子衡性
You can either go out or stay here
He wants to buy a lot of things but he has little money
想买东西钱少
Composition
1 She refused to answer any questions She did not ask any questions (not only…but…either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre She was not interested in travel (neither…nor)
1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either
She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either
but…as well 加肯定加否定 but…either加否定
as well either 句中省略
2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel
She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel(更 介词短语列)
Key structures
第 2类条件句（虚拟条件句）
第1类条件句谈发生事情考虑真实结果句般时句般现时形式现时
If you help meI will be gratefull 果帮 会感激 (正常语气)
If it rains I will not go 正常语气(定会)
第 2 类条件句if 句谈想象情况（假设现事实相反）句推测想象结果 句般时 句 would+动词原形第 2 类条件句时非指时间if时法常称非真实整条件句称作非真实条件句
If you helped meI would be grateful
果帮 会感激(惜没帮 会感激)
If it rainedit would not be hot 果雨 会热
If you could make him change his mind you would save him a lot of trouble
假改变意 会免许麻烦
果if句中动词be 应该第第三称单数名词wereIf I were you种说法常提出建议
If I were you I’d accept their offer
If I were in your position I would act differently
假处位置 会采取作法
第2类条件句时代第 1类条件句描述颇发生事情第 1类条件句较握
If you went by train you would get there earlier
If you go by train you will get there earlier
第2类条件句常描写完全事情
If I had longer legs I’d be able to run faster
Special Difficulties
Make法
物动词make原义制造常固定结构常见make+（冠词）+名词形式：
make progress（取进步）make the bed（铺床）make conversation（找话题）make a noise（吵闹）make a promise（保证）make trouble（捣蛋制造麻烦） make money（挣钱） make a speech（演讲）make a mistake（犯错误）make up one's mind（定决心定意）
Do法
完全动词do固定短语：
do one's best（努力）do one's homework（做作业）do sb a favour（帮忙）do a job（干家务）do work（做家务）do exercise（做练）do business（做生意）
do动名词连：do some shopping（买东西购物）do swimming（游泳）do some reading （读书）
★Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat
★rude adj 礼（强调意）
impolite adj 礼貌表示没注意礼节性问题 显礼貌（polite 反义词
p开头形容词否定前缀 im）
Cheeky adj 礼 没礼貌（表示孩长辈）
Don’t be cheeky 礼
naive adj 天真
★mirror n 镜子
look at oneself in the mirror 镜子
look up sth in the dictionary 查字典
mirrot of… ……写……真实反映
His novel is a mirror of his time 说时代真实写
★hole n 孔
hole in+点 ……（方）洞
★remark v 评说
remark指说 say 理解
★remind v 提醒
①vt 提醒
remind sb of sth remind sb to do sth remind sb that… 提醒某做某事
He reminded his wife that they needed to buy some coffee and sugar
② vt ……想起
The smell of cabbage reminds me of school 卷心菜气味想起学校
She reminds me of her sister
reminder n 提醒物
课文讲解
1Do you call that a hat
Do you call that +（冠词）+名词结构表达种轻蔑含义：
Do you call that a housea dog 房子狗？
2You needn't be so rude about it
be rude about sth 事粗鲁
be rude to sb 粗鲁
Don't be rude to me 粗鲁
3I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited
on the chair 椅子
with holes in it 作定语
Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle
4We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror
名词修饰名词 般单数：bookstore书店drugstore药店
5I regretted saying it almost at once
regret doing sth名词that句 悔已做某事表示做事感遗憾
Did he regret his mistake
I now regret leaving my countrythat I have left my country
regret to do sth 表示现做事感起遗憾be sorry to do sth正式：
We regret to tell you that you are not welcome 遗憾告诉您您受欢迎
6'You needn't have said that' my wife answered 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday'
needn't have done 原必做 做 强调动作必做
You needn't have bought it 原必买
You needn’t have come 原必
needn't do 现动作必做
You needn’t come 必
remind sb of sth 提醒某想起某事
7'I find it beautiful' I said
动词find常动词+宾语+宾语补足语种结构：
You’ll find it difficulteasy to make conversation with her
I find this book very interesting
8A man can never have too many ties
can never…too…＝cannot…too… ……
A man can never have too many ties
领带男说（男少领带会嫌）
I can never thank you too much 感激
Drinking water can never be too clean 饮水越干净越
A wife can never complain too much 妻子罗嗦
You can’t be too careful in doing your work 工作越心越
Key structures
Must Have (got) to and Need
情态动词must（必须）否定式 mustn't（准）must表示推测：
① 现推测：must +动词原形
② 正发生事情推测：must be doing
③ 推测：must have done
④ 正发生事情推测：must have been doing
must般疑问句musthave toneedn’t回答mustn’t：
Must I set off now
Yes you must have to
No you needn’t
mustn’t表示绝禁止说话根没选择余：
You mustn’t use that bicycle It’s broken
必needn’tdon’t have to表示：
needn’t don’t have to
needn’t have done didn’t have to
You needn’t don’t have to work such long hours
英语中 need两种词性普通动词（需）种情态动词need否定形式应两种： needn't 必（情态动词need否定） don't need 需（普通动词need否定）
need I(情态) do I need 实义动词
实义动词面加实义动词 面加to do
Need I go out Do I need to go out 需出
You needn’t have told me that I know it is
情态动词面直接名词做宾语实义动词面直接加名词 need 面名词 need 实义动词
例 He__c__follow me
a doesn’t need b needn’t to c didn’t need to d needs
情态动词need接动词原形否定疑问句肯定句musthave toought toshouldneed疑问句时问者希否定回答： Need you leave so soon 必早走？ need般疑问句肯定形式回答musthad to否定形式回答needn’t：
Need I type this letter again
Yes you must No you needn’t
Need you have told him about my plans
Yes I had to No I needn’t have
表示必时must语气need强：
I must go to the dentist this moring
种句型表示说话方选择允许方做某事观意图完成式式分
needn’t havedidn’t have todidn’t need to：
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday
I didn’t have to didn’t need to go to the office yesterday
need doing sth 需做（动表达动含义）
① 里 need属实义动词 动词ing相名词理解
② 时态称变化否定式 don’t need doing
③ need doing 表达动含义 Your shoes need washing 鞋子需()洗
外want doing动表示动含义语定物
Your hair needs cuting
need to be done语物
The child need to be …
mustn't needn't：
You musn’t read it bed It’s bad for your eyes
（be bad for… ……害）
Smoking is bad for your health 抽烟害健康
You mustn't make a noise The children are asleep 应吵闹 孩子睡
You needn't drive so quickly We have plenty of time
必开快 足够时间
You don't have to(haven't got to) drive so quickly We have plenty of time
You mustn't smoke in a theatre It is forbidden 应该剧场里抽烟 允许
You needn't come with us if you don't want to 果想 必道
You don't have to (haven't got to) come with us if you don't want to
Special Difficulties
Remark Observe and Notice
remarkobserve表示说评说say正式：
You’re looking very well’She remarkedobserved
noticeobserve 表示注意察觉定区notice指意中察觉observe指意观察仔细notice更正式：
He observed me carefully (He looked at me) 仔细着
Did you notice how she was dressed 注意穿戴
I’ve noticedobserved that he telephones her oftener than before
发现注意现电话前次数
I didn’t notice his leaving
make rude remark call one's name say F words (F 指 fuck) 讲粗话骂
He made a lot of rude remarks about the hat she was wearing
fail to do sth 没够
not fail to 表示强烈肯定
I had changed the furniture round that you can not fail to notict it
已周围家具换
★Lesson 42 Not very musical
★market n 市场集市
① n 市场集市
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi
穿旧德里市场时走长段路
② n（商品）市场销路需求（数名词）
market for… ……市场
The foreign markets for apple this year are not as good as last year
Can you find a market for these shoes 鞋找销路？
★pipe n（吹奏）乐器
pipe n 两头通东西 水道 老爸烟斗节两头通竹子pipe
★glimpse n 瞥
have a glimpse of 瞥眼映入眼帘(犹汉语中惊鸿瞥) (意识)
glance at 扫眼(意识)
★movement n 动作
move v 移动（movement动词）
action v 采取行动
★continue v 继续
beginstartcontinue to do sth
beginstartcontinue doing sth
I continue (to go)going on
continue +sth
Let's continue our trip
Let's continue our journey
★dance v 跳舞
dance to the music 着音乐跳舞（固定搭配to）
★obviously adv 显然
obviouslyclearly
Obviously you are wrong
Obviously I love you
★difference n 差
tell the difference between A and B 区差异
Can you tell the difference between them
different adj
be different from ……
A is different from B
differ vi 致
课文讲解
1As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi we stopped at a square to have a rest
stop to do sth 停活动做定式表示动作
On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper
stop doing sth 停止做某事
I’ve stopped buying newspapers 已买报纸
How can we stop him complaining 抱怨呢？
2When he began to play a tune we had our first glimpse of the snake
play a tune（tune 数名词）play music（music 数名词）
havegetcatch a (first) glimpse of… 瞥
This afternoon I caughtgothad a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park
take a glimpse at 瞥见
He took a glimpse at the No Parking’ signs outside Jasper’s gate and parked his car there
at the first sight 见钟情
I love you at the first sight of you
3It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe
rise（roserisen） vi 升
raise（raisedraised） vt 提高
4We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs
少very much 放起修饰surprise 般very surprised most surprised
5It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz
tell表示辨分辨识时常cancouldbe able to连表达意义时tell单独from构成词组：
My son can already tell the difference between beer and wine
My son can already tell beer from wine 子已分辨出啤酒葡萄酒
表示两者间差差异时常difference between：
There’s a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen
What’s the difference between them
情况between：
It makes no difference whether you believe me or not 信信区谓
Key structures
have +名词代普通动词
have +名词代普通动词表示完成该动作： have a bathbathe have a swimswimhave a walkwalkhave a looklookhave a restresthave a smellsmell等类似动词dancefightridetalksleepwash：
I had two dances with Lucy
Jim and I have just had a long talk
动词面会加介词(果动词物动词)动 词 加什样介词名词加什样介词：
look at>have a look at walk across>have a walk across
succeed in doing sth> be successful in>success in
Special difficulties
Pick法
pick up 起捡起意外找（偶然）学会开车接
He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins （起）
The bicycle was picked up in a small village （意外找）
pick sb up （路）接某（meet sb+点 专程接）
I'll pick you up in the car this evening 晚开车接
pick up a lot of English learn a lot of English
I picked up a lot of English while I was in England (I learnt)
英国时候 学少英语
pick up the radio program the program on the radio 广播收听节目
pick out 挑出选出辩认出
There are so many beautiful cards on display I can't pick out the ones I like best
(I can't choose) 陈列着漂亮明信片 挑出喜欢
When I went to the bookshop yesterday I picked out two of the books which I needed most
Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother
The thief was picked out by several people
★Lesson 43 Over the South Pole
★lie v 处
① vi (lay[lei]lain[lein]) 处位(+点)
The mountains lie below us now
The town lies to the east of London
② vi (lay[lei]lain[lein]) 躺（）卧
lie 现分词> lying
stay in bed lie in bed 躺床
While I sat by the fire my dog lay beside me
③ vt（liedlied） 撒谎
tell a lie 撒谎
You lied You lied to me骗 撒谎
Youliar 骗子 (liar n(惯)说谎者)
④ n谎言
lay （laidlaid）
① vt 放放置
lay sth
② vt 蛋 产卵
lay an egg 蛋
hang（hunghung） 挂悬挂
hang（hangedhanged） 绞刑
★point n 点
point 点般指飞机点
点 placespot
sinacom中 读dot（点）
@读 at
★seem v 似起
seem + as if 起似……
He seems as if he had never lived in England before
seem + adj
He seems rich
seem to be
He seems to be rich
seem that… 起似……
It seems that he is rich
★crash v 坠毁（掉）n 突 撞击声 抵触
aircrash 空难 carcrash 车祸
strike v 撞击
collide vi碰撞 抵触(两运动东西相撞)
★clear v 越
clear v (凌空接触)越 跳没接触面飞跃
clear the mountain 飞跃山峰
The horse cleared the fense （fense n篱笆栅栏墙 v围住防护）
over adv 越(距离)
go over飞跃
★plain n 原
plain girl 女孩
I'm a plain girl
mountains n 高山
课文讲解
1In 1929 three years after his flight over the North Pole the American explorer RE Byrd successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time
for the first time 第次（time表示次回 说this timelast timenext timeanother timeeach timefor the last time等）
I remind you for the last time that if you don’t hurry you’ll miss the train
Give him these photos next time you see him
2Though at first Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below they soon ran into serious trouble
连词though引导步状语句含义然…………
AlthoughThoughEven though I felt sorry for him I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties
然感惋惜困难暗高兴
take a photograph of… 拍……片
He took a photograph of his house before he left home
run into trouble get into trouble 遇麻烦陷入困境
Each time he ran into trouble he asked his parents for help
3At one point it seemed certain that their plane would crash
at one point 某方某时刻（point 指时间某点）
At one point he made up his mind to become a painter度决心画家
it先行语真正语that 引导句it作先行语时常seemappearlook等连：
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off
现似肯定会议推迟
4It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10000 feet
rise to … 升……
5The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet
by表示相差……差意思
I missed the train by ten minutes 晚10分钟没赶火车
He is younger than me by two years 两岁
Key structures
Can and Be able to
情态助动词cancould表示请求允许答复时情况
CanCould I borrow you pen
can时表示性：
I can have lunch with your tomorrow if you like
表示天生学力时cancould现时时cancouldbe able to通常互换
表示力时will be able to：
I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen
I tried again and found I couldwas able to swim
Can Jane swim yet
No but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time
谈说话时正发生事时般be able to：
Look I can stand on my head
表示成功完成某具体动作时通常couldbe able to果表示某动作没取成功
couldn’t：
It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary
Oh didn’t you know He was able to visit her after all
He was able to leave Europe before the war began 战争开始前离开欧洲
He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much
问某具体活动时could回答肯定时候：
Could he borrow a car
Yes he was able to borrow a car after allNo he couldn’t
Special Difficulties
含介词 at 词组
at许词构成固定词组中表示时间：at first（开始时初）at once（马立刻）at present（目前现）at last（终）at times（时）at the moment（现）表示点：at home（家）at school（学校）表示程度：at least（少）at any rate（样）词组at heart（心里实际）at a loss（困惑解知办）等
At any rate I’m determined to stay here at present
At least I’m not mad yet
People have more money now yet the temptation诱惑 to steal is greater than ever before Why I’m at a loss
Though he tried to made conversation with the lady he wasn’t interested in her at heart
★Lesson 44 Through the forest
★risk n 危险险
① n 危险风险
Is there much risk of losing money in doing football pools赌球会输钱风险？
John tookran the risk of damaging his bus and drove it into the back of the thieves’car
约翰着撞坏开辆公汽车危险撞偷车尾
John saved me at the risk of his own life 约翰着生命危险救
② vt ……危险……遭受危险
We’d better take a taxi We can’t risk missing the plane
John risked his own life to save me
★breath n 呼吸
out of breath 气接气
waste one's breath 白费口舌
in one breath 片刻 转眼间
He finished water in one breath 口气水喝完
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
bad breath 口臭
You have a bad breath 口臭
★contents n (常复数)物品(具体东西)
contents of the bag 包里书
More contents (口语) 吃饭时求加饭菜时样说
content n 容(抽象)
content of the text 文章容
课文讲解
1Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men
think of… 考虑思考
Have you ever thought of settleing down in this town
take a risk（of doing） ……风险
run after 追赶追追求
The police are running after a thief
run behind 某面跑
I ran behind him
run to 跑
2They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag
rush up to sb 迎面某
up面面说话相反方down方相说话相方
go down 接着前走回头
up to表示点时间等直……
The child ran up to his mother when he saw her
He worked up to nine o’clock in the evening
have a picnic 野餐
at the edge of ……边
The park lies at the edge of the town
3In the struggle the strap broke and with the bag in their possession both men started running through the trees
in one's possession in the possession of sb 某拥……
I went out of the book shop with book in my possesion
The house used to be in my possession but now it is in the possession of an old lady
4She was soon out of breath but she continued to run
out of breath 气接气喘气
Tom ran to the shop to get some salt for his mother When he reached there he was quite out of breath
continued to do sth 接着做……
5When she caught up with them she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag so she ran straight at them
go through （仔细）搜查……中搜寻浏览翻(速度较快)
She went through her bag but she couldn’t find her key
catch up with sb 追赶(强调结果)
contents of the bag 包里东西
run (straight) at （at 强调瞄准般straight 相连at）
6'The strap needs mending' said Mrs Sterling later 'but they did not steal anything'
need作需讲时面接动名词动含义
letter writing
信封址书写方式：收信姓名址必须信封中央称呼总姓名连起： Mr James ThompsonJames Thompson EsqMiss H ThompsonMrs D ThompsonMr and Mrs J Thompson Esq‡ Esquire写信时男性尊称(放名面)等Mr 位置 Mrand Mrs(已婚)般夫妇起邀请 先写名写址写信址写信封背面放信中
Key structures
动名词
1动名词做语宾语介词宾语等
Washing the car made me tired
Before leaving the office he gave me a book
I am very keen on cycling
He sat there without saying anything 坐里 言发
That’s no excuse for not mending the chair 修椅子口
2动名词动词+介词
look forward to doing sth 期盼做某事
I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow
be accustomed to doing sth 惯做某事
I am accustomed to getting up early 惯早起
be used to doing sth 惯做某事
I am used to getting up early 惯早起
较：I used to get up early but I don't anymore 常早起 现早起
devote to doing sth 奉献某事 ……奉献……
devote oneself to doing sth 全身心投入做某事
She devotes herself to teaching
My mother devotes herself to doing homework
object to doing sth 反做某事
I object to eating out 反外面吃饭
getbe tired of doing sth ……厌烦 作系动词getbe 换
believe in 信信仰
believe in + sb 表示信某信仰某
believe in + doing sth 表示信条
I belive in taking it easy （take it easy 轻松放松慢慢）
accuse sb of doing sth 某事控告某（accuse vt 控告指控）
The police accused him of stealing 警方控告犯盗窃罪
3startbegincontinue等面定式动名词区：
I began to learnlearning English two years ago
4lovelikeprefer等动词定式动名词意义区
hatelovelike+doing sth 表示种惯(always)
hatelovelike+to do sth 表示某次性行(now)
would love like to do sth 表示想 惯前面加 would
餐厅服务员惯会问 Would you like to…会 Do you like…关心现想吃什常吃什
I hate to do sth… 喜欢……
I hate to say I have no money but I really need some 说明钱
I hate to say but I really have something important to do
想拒绝邀请时句型
prefer…to…结构中动名词
Why don’t you drive to work instead of walking 什架车班代走路？
I prefer walking to driving
5needwant动名词形式具动含义相动定式：
果物体做语直接加动词ing表达动含义
My shirt is torn It needs mending 衬衫撕破 需缝补
Those windows are dirty They want washing 窗户脏 需洗刷
Special Difficulties
catch and run
catch意思抓住捉住逮住时表示（时）赶追等：
He ran quickly to catch the last bus home
When she caught up with them she saw that they were going through the contents of the bag
run意跑面加品词表达追赶逃跑等种含义：
She has run off with all his money
The man ran away with her bag
Mutiple choice questions
4 They were going through the contents of the bag ___c___she ran straight at them
a For this b That's because c That's why d That's so
that's般加特殊疑问词引导句that's all加句
for 加句子时候 惯放句表示某理说for this 说for this reason
5 They got such a fright They were ___c___
a so frightful bsuch frightened cso frightened dsuch fright
so +adjadvsuch +n （d 应 such a fright）
frightful terrible adj 糟糕
frightened adj 感害怕
6 The strap needs mending It ___b___
a has mended b has to be mended c has been mended d has been mending
10 They tried to steal her handbag They tried to ___a___her of her handbag
a rob b steal c be robbed d be stolen
steal面加物（steal sth from sb）rob面加（rob sb of sth）
8 She took a risk What she did was ___a___
adangerous bbrave cclever dstupid
里what 点类似汉语中 兼语 概念whatthe thing that
The thing thatwhich surprised me is that my brother will come What surprised me is that my brother will come (更种表达)
What I said is true 说话真
That is what I heard 听事情
What I saw made me sad
What you said made me sad
★Lesson 45 A clear conscience
★conscience n 良心 道德心
a clear conscience 问心愧
I have a clear conscience 问心愧
a guiltybad conscience 问心愧 (guilty adj犯罪 罪 心虚)
I have a guilty conscience 问心愧
★wallet n 皮夹 钱夹 (般指男种皮夹)
purse n 钱包(女士)
handbag n 手袋
billfold n 皮夹 钱包(美语) (意纸币折叠形成 形象)
★savings n 存款
savings account 存款账号(利息 点象活期存款)
checking account 存款(没利息)
deposit n 定金
deposit account 存款(利息 点象定期存款)
ATM （auto teller machine） 动取款机
selfservice machine 助银行
cash card 取款卡
IC ① interchange 高速公路转换出入口
② integrate circuit [电]集成电路指令计数器
★per cent 百分……
three per cent 百分三
课文讲解
1A clear conscience 问心愧
a clear conscience译清白良心相a good conscience反义词a bad conscience（感疚）
2 The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost
village里总称指村民the whole village指全村面通常单数动词（时视复数）
The whole village was excited by news
learn v 知获悉
the whole world learnt… 全世界知道……
I’ve just learnt that she was ill
a large sum of… 笔……
3Sam Benton the local butcher had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office
while doing现分词短语连词作相时间状语句现分词样前提两动词语两动作通常时发生（句话定进行时态）果语致必须句 句话完整应 while he was taking his savings…
4Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers but it was not returned to him must have done 表示推测must have been done 表示动推测
5Three months passed and then one morning Sam found his wallet outside his front door
三种表示段时间外件事情发生方式：
① …passed and then
② some time later
③ some time passed before…
6It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost together with a note which said 'A thief yes but only 50 per cent a thief'
wrap up 包裹
It had been wrapped up in newspaper by somebody (报纸包inby)
half the money half of the money 钱半（half 直接加名词前表示 半 ）
half an hour 半时 half a year 半年
Half the breadhalf of the bread was bad
together with… with… 起……（介词短语作状语）
I with my son went there 带着子
My son and I went there 子里
a note said… 纸条说……
the picture said… 图片说……
newspaper said… 报纸说……
7Two months later some more money was sent to Sam with another note 'Only 25 per cent a thief now'
some more money 钱 (more )
8In time all Sam's money was paid back in this way
in time in the end 终段时间
In time he found all the books he needed
I’ll tell you everything in time
pay back 回
in the way 种方式
You must pay attention to your spelling In this way you can become a good secrtary in time
Special Difficulties
Steal and Rob
steal （something from someone or somewhere） 偷（某某处）
steal (sth) from (sb) steal（偷）物
The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well
Someone has stolen my bag from me
rob (someone of something)(a buildinga blanka houseetc)抢(某某物)(楼银行房子等)
rob (sb) of (sth) rob方
I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag
The police have caught the men who robbed the bank
Pay back
① 偿
Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week
② 报答……报复（pay sb back）
You’ve been very kind to me How can I pay you back
I’ll pay you back for what you did to me 样定会报仇
He embarrassed me at the party I’ll pay him back someday
★★Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable
★unload v 卸（货）
load v 装货
★extremely adv 非常 极
extremely 形容词副词推极限达复加程度
I am extremely tired 累极
★occur vi 发生
① vi 发生
When did the accident occur？
② vi 想起想
It occured to sb that… 某想起……
It occured to me that I didn't finish my homework 想起没完成作业
It occurs to sb to do sth 某想起……
It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box
突然工想开箱子
sth occur to sb 某突然想起某件事 (面前面翻)
A good idea occured to me I have a good idea
happen vi 发生
What happenedoccured
It happened to me… 件事发生身
What happened to the clavichord
What happened to you What's wrong with you 什事发生身
★astonish vt 惊讶
果动词情绪关宾语形容词两：令 –ing感 ed
astonishing adj 令惊讶 astonished adj 感惊讶
I am surprised>astonished>astounded>shocked 惊讶程度递增
surprise 常意思肤浅
astonished 难置信事
astound vt 惊骇 吃惊 (非常吃惊 目瞪口呆)
shock 快事情
★discover v 发现 (属种前知道事现知道)
discovery n 探索发现
★admit v 承认
① vt 承认供认
admit sth admit doing sth 承认做某事
I admit having lunch
admit that… 承认……
Sally admitted that she had used your dictionary
deny sth deny doing sth 拒绝做……
② vt 准许……进入准许……加入
Without a ticket you won’t be admitted into cinema
They won’t admit him intoto the government
★confine v 关局限某方(狭空间里)
sb was confined to +点 某关某方
sb was confined to the room
课文讲解
1Expensive and uncomfortable
It is too expensive 贵令接受
The book is dear 书点贵（dear adj昂贵 亲爱）
2When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing
a number of… 许干……
You’ve made a number of mistakes in typing this letter
unload 含义卸（货）反义词load（装货） 形 容词uncomfortableunsmiling等相似动词加前缀un表示做相反动作
clothing服装总称数名词分类时强调衣服种类包括鞋帽等clothes般指衣服表示衣服单数名词复数形式 表示许衣服
3No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy
No one could account for the fact that… 谁弄清楚……样事实
No one knows… 没知道……
account for explain give the explanation 说明原作出说明（解释）区account 解释必须令满意 explain 解释行
The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison’s decision to leave the country
How do you account for the battered car
that面句fact位语句说明 fact具体容
句子名词定语句位语句两者区位语句 that起解释说明作定语句起修饰作that 句中做语宾语成分定语句that句中做语宾语成分位语句 My friend Lucy 位语 He couldn’t explain the fact that Mary’s wallet was found in his room
4It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box
sth occurred to sb 某想起某事
open up 开
When he received the gifts he opened them up at once
5He was astonished at what he found
sb be astonished at sth 某事某吃惊
Sam appears astonished at the newssound
what引导名词性句作介词at宾语what the thing whichthat…
6A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods
a pile of 堆……
piles of snow 堆堆雪
on top of ……（顶端接触面）
at the top of ……方（at the top of前词属词范围）
7He had had a long and uncomfortable trip for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours
have a trip go on a trip
be confined to ……限制起
Last weekend Tom’s mother confined him to his room
for文中里强调事实 非原
over more than
8The man was ordered to pay 3500 for the cost of the trip
pay…for… ……付钱……付出代价
She paid 50 for that dress
cost of… ……花费 费
the cost of government 政府开支
Key structures
to at for with连动词
to连动词：accustom(ed) to（惯）amount to（达）appeal to（呼吁）apply to for（适）attach(ed) to（附属）attend to（参加）belong to（属）challenge to（……提出挑战）compare to with（较）condemn(ed) to（判刑）confess to（承认）confine to（限制）consent to（意）convert to（改信(某宗教)）entitle(d) to（享权利）listen to（听）mention to（提）object to（反） occur to（想） prefer to（更喜欢）react to against（……反应）reply to（回答）respond to（响应）see to（注意）submit to（服） surrender to（……投降）turn to（转）yield to（屈服）
I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers
Will you see to this flower while I’m away 时候花？
I shall see to the dinner tonight 晚做晚饭
at 连动词：amused atby（……感趣）arrive atin（达）astonish (ed) at by（感惊愕）exclaim at（惊）glance at（……眼）guess at（猜测）knock at（敲）look at（）point atto（指）shock(ed) at by（感震惊）stare at（盯着……）surprise(d) at by（感惊讶）wonder atabout（感惊异）work aton（钻研）
at 通常表达感情词词动语态at 动词般动语态
He was astonished at what he found
Dan was both surprised and amused at the news
for连动词：account for（说明(原)）ask forof（请求）act foron（代表）apologize for（……道歉）blame for（责备）beg for（乞求）call for（需）charge for（收费）exchange for（交换）hope for（希）look for（寻找）mistake for（误认）mourn for（哀悼）pay for（……付款）prepare for（准备）provide for（提供）search for（寻求）thank for（感谢）vote foron 投票支持wait foron（等候）
He was searched for the stolen money
Can you account for his strange behavious
with连动词：agree with（意）begin with（……开始）communicate with（……联络）compare withto（……较）compete withagainst（……竞争）comply with（意confuse with（误作）contrast withto（形成）cope with（付）correspond with（……致）disgust(ed) with（……讨厌）finish with（完成）help with in（帮助）interfere within（干扰）mix with（混合）occupy(ied) with（事）part with（放弃）please(d) with（……满意）quarrel withabout（争）reason with（规劝）satisfy (fied) withby（感满足）threaten (ed) with（威胁）
I’m pleased with this room
Sam used to mix with those people 萨姆常交
We’ll begin with the exercises 练开始
★Lesson 47 A thirsty ghost
★thirsty adj 贪杯adj 渴
be thirsty for be hungry for 渴(饥似渴)
I am thirsty for the book
★ghost n 鬼魂
ghost强调魂邪恶象征
Ghost’ 影片鬼情未英文名
★haunt v (鬼)访 闹鬼
hauntvisit 应拜访 ghost
the ghost haunt 闹鬼
The ghost haunted the house 房子闹鬼
★block v 堵
The pipe was blocked
★furniture n 家具 设备 储藏物（数名词）
a piece of furniture 件家具
a set of furniture 套家具
★whisky n 威士忌酒
Scotch n 种等威士忌
wine n 果酒葡萄酒石榴酒
beer n 啤酒
brandy n 白兰
★suggest v 暗示
① vt 暗示（间接）表明
His silence suggested that he knew something about the man
② vt 建议提议
suggest +that句
I suggest that we meet at the restaurant
suggest +doing sth
I suggest meeting at the restaurant
★shake（shookshaken） v 摇动
① vt&vi 摇摇动抖动
Mr Thompson shook his head
His hands appear to be shaking 手发抖
② vt ……握手
Dan shook hands with him
Dan shook him by the handshook his hand
★accept v 接受
accept receive sthwith pleasure）
课文讲解
1A public house which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson is up for sale
a public house 酒吧酒店口语缩略pub
up for sale 出售供出售（up 形容词已提出供……）
be up for ……某目
This problem is up for discussion问题讨
on sale 折卖
for sale 出卖
2He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar
hear sbdoing sth 听见某正做某事
表示感觉动词seehearfeelwatchnotice等动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构宾语补足语定式（通常加 to）现分词两者意义区现分词表示动作正发生定式表示动作发生：
I heard someone knocking at the door 听正敲门
I heard you sing this song yesterday 昨天听唱支歌
bar 酒吧酒店中卖酒柜台
3Though MrThompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed they were on in the morning
on形容词表示开着接通反义词 off
When he arrived home he found that all the lights were onoff
Is the TV on I thought I had turned it off （turn off 关闭）
4He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before
the night before 前天晚 last night 昨天晚
the week before 前星期 last week 星期
the day before 前天 yesterday 昨天
the next day 天 tomorrow 明天
直接引语变成间接引语时间状语改变now——>thenlast night——>the night beforetwo days ago——>two days beforeearliertoday——>that daytonight——>that nighttomorrow——>the nextfollowing daylast night——>the night before等
5When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink MrThompson shook his head
for 表目a free drink 免费饮料
shake one's head 摇头表示异议
nod one's head 点头
6The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away
even if he gives it away 白送
even if 引导步状语句含强假定性
I won’t have dinner with him even if he pays for it
give away 捐献免费送赠送
He gave all his books away to the library
★Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something
★pull v 拔
① vt&vi 拉拖牵扯（反义词push vt 推）
I felt someone pulling my arm
pull one's leg 开某玩笑
You are pulling my leg 开玩笑
Don't pull my leg any more 开玩笑
You are kidding 开玩笑
No kidding 开玩笑
You are joking （joke n笑话 玩笑 v(……)开玩笑）
② vt&vi 拔抽
You’re pulled out the wrong teeth
He pulled an address book from his pocket
★collect v 搜集
★collection n 收藏品 收集品
collect salary 领工资collect money 筹集资金
collect stamp 集邮collect children 收养孩子
★nod v 点头
① vt&vi 点头点头示意招呼
I asked him if he wanted to come and he nodded his head
When we meet each other in the office he always nods at me
② vi 盹瞌睡（常off连）
He used to nod off during the French class
As he was very tired he nodded over his reading
累边书边盹
★meanwhile adv 时
meanwhile at the same time in the same time
法 however 样连接两句子意思承接概念
课文讲解
1Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer
impossible通常作语定式句作语：
It is impossible for him to help you It is impossible that he will help you
2In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises
in answer to… 作……回答响应……请求
In answer to my request he wrote a letter to George 应请求乔治写封信
in return for 作……报答
3Meanwhile my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been
meanwihile 期间时
He won’t come until ten o’clock Meanwhile you can have a rest
Mary was talking to me about her new dress Meanwhile I was thinking about something else
be busy doing sth 忙做某事
search out 找出搜寻
Have you searched out the books I needed
where 介词 + which
That is the house which I lived in 住房子
That is the house where I lived
where称关系副词外when关系副词
This is the river where I swim （where作定语句标志修饰前面river）
The tooth had been in the hole (in the hole where)
4When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth I was able to tell him that
he had pulled out the wrong tooth
remove表示掉通常结构remove +名词 +from单独：
I’ve removed that picture from the wall
Please remove your hat
★Lesson 49 The end of a dream
★tired adj 厌烦
beget tired of sthdoing sth 讨厌做某事
★real adj 真正 (强调东西假)
true adj 真挚 真诚 符合标准 (强调符合某标准)
real man 真true man 男子汉汉
★spring n 弹簧
spring n 春天泉水
fountain n 工喷泉
★mattress n 床垫
mat n 垫子 (杯垫)
cushion n 座垫
★gust n 阵（阵）风
a gust of anger (阵)名火
breeze n 微风
gale n 风（突发）阵风（风力gust强）
wind n 风总称
★sweep (swept[swept]swept) n 扫刮
① vt 扫扫
She sweeps the floorthe room every morning
② vt （风）吹刮
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof
sweep sth away ……刮走
The newspaper has been swept away by the wind
blow v 刮
★smash v 碰碎 摔碎
① vt&vi 碎摔碎（）碎裂
The cup smashed on the floor
smash sth into pieces ……摔成碎片
The bed was smashed to piece
crash v 受挤压变碎
The egg is easy to crash
cut sth into pieces 切碎 剪碎
tear sth into pieces 撕碎
break v 碎
crack v 裂开碎
② vt&vi 重击殴猛砸撞
Why didn’t you smash the man with your fist
A car smashed into the wall
★courtyard n 院子
court n 院子庭院法庭
yard n 院子
backyard n 院
★glance v 扫视
glance at 扫眼（意识）
glare at 瞪着(生气)
stare at 盯着
gaze at 盯着(限神 羡慕)
★promptly adv 迅速
promptly＝at once immediately
课文讲解
1Tired of sleeping on the floor a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed
be tired of ……感厌倦句话里省略现分词being形容词短语直接做原状语作相原状语句as he was tired of…
I always go to bed hungry （形容词直接做状语）
Worried about my daughter Lucy she went to London to visit Lucy
I went home I am tired > I went home tired
I went home excited
save up 攒钱储蓄
I want to get married in one or two years so I’m trying to save (some money) up
2For the first time in his life he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress
for the first time in one's life 生第次
He became the proud father of a baby 豪成孩子父亲
3Because the weather was very hot he carried the bed on to the roof of his house
on to（onto） 类似 in to（into）表示动作方表示静态位置概念放on（面）概念ontoon to时on代表示位置ononto代：
Lift sth on to the cart
I put the pen ontoon the table
The pen is on the table （ontoon to）
Mr Thompson is jumped onto the stage 汤普森先生跳台
Mr Thompson jumped on the stage 汤普森先生台跳跳
4He slept very well for the first two nights but on the third night a storm blew up
for the first two nights 头两天晚
I study hard for the first three days
for the last three nights 三天晚
blow up 风越刮越(程度加深)（指暴风雨）出现加剧刮起
speak up 声点
5A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below
gust表示阵强风阵狂风单独a gust of wind形式：
A gust (of wind) blew my hat off
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts
然时阵阵狂风吹着出发
off downaway from
below 直接放修饰词作定语
crashing into the courtyard below现分词短语作宾语补足语crash （物动词）直接动形式smash（物动词）动句子中出现两动词果出现两动词 and but 连接者中作非谓语动词to do(表目)ed(表动)ing(表动)
6The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground
not…until 表示直……until 前面没 not 时表示段时间持续动词连 not时常表示某时间点动词（瞬间动词）连：
I’ll stay here until Monday 呆星期
I won’t leave until Monday 星期离开
7Although the bed was smashed to pieces the man was miraculously unhurt
although though 然意义差句出现
to pieces 粉碎成碎片
The cup was broken to pieces
8Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house
glancing现分词引导短语相时间状语句after he glanced at…动词ing形式定强调某名词间动关系
glance v 眼扫视
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me
乔边聊天边浏览报纸
bits pieces
lie (laylain) 物动词面定加around说成lay him
letter writing
数书信dear开头接姓名dear词定信纸左手边顶格第二行退格退5字符 现西方顶格写
Key structures
复合句语序
复合句两种方法构成：连词句句连接起二分词结构定式
1连词连接复合句
① 复合句中句名词句（起名词作）句子中作语宾语be等系动词表语般that引导时what（疑问词引导外）
I know (that) the meeting will be put off
② 句关系（形容词）句关系代词通常whowhomthatwhichwhose
③ 句状语（副词）句时间状语连词 whenafterbeforeas soon asuntilwhileassince等点状语句连词whereeverywhereanywhere等方式状语句连词as短语in the way (that)等方式状语句动词befeelseemappear等面连词as ifas though引导原状语句 becauseas 等引导条件状语句 if 连词引导步状语句句子具素般连词althoughthougheven thougheven if等引导目状语句so thatin order that等连词引导结果状语句描述结果so+形容词+that引导such (a) +（形容词） + 名词 + that 引导较状语句结构包括as +形容词副词 + asnot soas … as形容词副词较级 +thanmore…thanless…than等
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays
With a special train ticket you can travel anywhereeverywhere you like in Europe for just over 100 Type this again asin the way (that) I showed you just now
As you can’t go yourself you’ll have to ask Susan go for you
然请苏珊吧
2分词结构复合句
① 现分词结构代时间句原句关系句等现分词结构种法仅限两动作语致时候代时间句时分词结构表示动作果发生前分词结构位语前果两动作时发生分词结构位句前位句分词结构位句前面时逗号隔开
I got very angry speaking to them
Feeling tired I went to bed earlier than usual
Following his mom he went there(动概念 着母亲)
② 分词结构常较正式文体代动语态
Damaged in an accident the car has now been repaired
Followed by his mom he went there (动概念 母亲带着着)
3定式结构复合句
种结构通常代表示目表示条件状语句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations
★Lesson 50 Taken for a ride
★ride n 旅行（走路）v 骑(车 马)
trip n（出差性）旅行（旅行方远呆时间长）
travel n（周游世界性）旅行
journey n（陆）旅行
flight n（空中）旅行
voyage n（海）旅行
tour n 游玩
sightseeing n 观光游
★excursion n 远足游玩 郊游(距离会远)
weekend's excursion 周末游
a day's excursion 日游
Tomorrow we will have a day's excursion
★view n 景色(观性较强)
in one's view＝in one's opinion 某
sight n 景色 视线 视野(强调客观)
Can I have a room with a good view
课文讲解
1Taken for a ride
take…for… ……作……
taken for a ride 作次兜风
take sb for a ride 欺骗
taken for
2I love travelling in the country but I don't like losing my way
love like doing sth 喜欢做某事（强调种惯）
I love my brother but I don't like his girlfriend
I love having dinner with you but I don't like paying for dinner
lose one’s way 迷路
3I went on an excursion recently but my trip took me longer than I expected
go on an excursion ＝have an excursion 作次短距离旅行
go on 进行（某目）
I’ll go on holiday next month
Did you go on a trip last month
花费某少时间
take sb some time
It takes sb some time that…
It takes sb some time to do sth
My trip took me a long time
It took me a month to learn book 2
sb spend some time (on) doing sth
sb spend some time on sth
I spent a month learning English
金钱花费cost pay for sth
than I expected 预料（口语）
The question is easier than I expected
You are more beautiful than I expected
You are better than I expected
The holiday took you longer than I expected
than I thought 原
The English class took me longer than I thought
4'but I don't know where it is'
where it is 注意单词连读音标元音音标结尾字母reer结尾会元音间加r音
5'I'll tell you where to get off' answered the conductor
get on the bus 车 get off the bus 车
I will tell you where you can (should) get off
No one got onoff (the bus) at the last bus stop
特殊疑问词+to+动词原形取代宾语句
Can you tell me how I can get there Can you tell me how to get there
Can you tell me what I should do Can you tell me what to do
I don't know which to choose
I wonder when to have a meeting
Can you tell me how to begin a letter
Key structures
表示惯性动作
表示状态感觉情绪精神活动动词appearappreciatebelievefeelforgethearknowlikelooknoticerememberresembleseethinkunderstandbelong toconsist ofcontaindesiredetestdislikehatehopelovemattermeanmindneedwantwish常般现时进行时
Special Difficulties
Lose Loose Miss
lose vt 失丧失遗失丢失
Roy has lost his job again
She lost her parents when she was sixteen
If you bet on that horse you will lose your money （bet on sth ……赌）
loose adj 松动松松开
Servral screws have come loose （come loose松（系动词+adj））
The handle of this suitcase is very has come loose
miss v 怀念 思念 错未……缺（课等）惦念想念
Hurry or you’ll miss the train
I missed my English ★Lesson
missing adj 见
sth is lost sth is missing
missing boy 失踪孩子( lost )
Expect Wait for
expect 表示预计……发生（）等期盼表示等时侧重心理具体某方等
I expect I’m expecting to hear from you
I’m expecting the bus to arrive in the next ten minutes
My trip took me longer than I expected
wait for指等动作身
I’m waiting for the next bus
★Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue
★reward n 报偿v 奖赏
give sb reward ……报偿
reward sb with sth ……奖赏
reward sb for sth ……某奖赏
…reward him for the first prize
★virtue n 美德
strongpoints n 长处 merit n 优点
shortpoints n 短处 weak points 弱点
★diet n 节食
go on a diet be on a diet 实行节食
★forbid（forbadeforbidden） v禁止
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (禁止城市) Forbidden fruit 禁果
★embarrass v 尴尬
sth embarrass sb …………感尴尬
You embarrassed me 感尴尬
embarrassing adj 令尴尬embarrassed adj 感尴尬
embarrassment n 尴尬
To my embarrassment… 感尴尬……
★guiltily adv 疚
guiltily conscience 问心愧
clear conscience 问心愧
★strict adj 严格
be strict with sb 某严格
My father is strict with me
be strict in sth ……严格
★occasionally adv 偶
on the occasion 偶尔 sometimes 偶尔 at times 偶尔
off and on 偶尔 now and again 偶尔
课文讲解
1My friend Hugh has always been fat but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet things（复数形式）表示情况情形状况形势等含义：
You’re surely made things worse
How are things going on with you
get 作物动词时表示变：
I got interested in French
diet表示治疗某种疾病调节体重特种饮食 规 定 饮 食 时 通 常 on连：
The doctor put him on a strict diet 医生严格控制饮食
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up
2First of all he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden
first of all 首先 首 (许事情中首 重)
First of all I must see your passpart
at first 首先（句型at first… then… 起先……然……)
write out 写出（正式）写全部写出
You should werite out a report
3The list included most of the things Hugh loves butter potatoes rice beer milk chocolate and sweets
most of… 部分……
includ contain 包含意思 contain 表示包含全部事物include 表示中部分contain定容器里面装include 含义更广里contain
It included three bags of sweets
Does the bill include a tip
We’re including you in our team
4Yesterday I paid him a visit
pay sb a visit 拜访某
Pay you a visit
pay a visit to sbsomeplace 拜访某某
call up sbat someplace 拜访某某
have a visit＝visit
5I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever
as…as ever 常样旧然
as clean as everas quiet as ever
be surprised to do sth be surprised at sth
6He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk
lead sb into(进门) show sb out(出门) see sb off(送行)
7It was obvious that he was very embarrassed
obviously ＝ it was obvious that…(it 形式语) 显然……
Letter writing
果熟悉写信 应方式开头：亲爱布朗先生亲爱史密斯夫姓名总加逗号方熟悉 表示种尊重 写
写信开头：姐姐(Dear +姐姐名字) 朋友尔(Dear Bill) 老板(Dear MrMrs +某) 老校长(Dear MrMrs +姓) 知道方性姓名时 应聘信开头 Dear SirMadam
Key structures
般时
般时常两词once recentlyrecently表示段时期时现完成时连
般时时间状语句中般时算较时
Special difficulties
Raise and Rise
rais作动词时作物动词必须宾语表示举起提……升高等含义：
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands
Why did they raise prices
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year
rise作动词时通常物动词表示起立起床（日月等）升起等含义：
You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom
Lay and Lie
lay（laidlaid） vt 置搁铺准备
I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away
If you can’t cook the dinner you can at least lay the table
lie（laylain） vi 躺卧
Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed
Beat and Win
beat vt 败战胜胜超
They beat their enemy though they were fewer in number
I beat you 败
表示球队败球队beat
win vt ……获胜（成功）赢获夺
Who won the race the war
beat面接手win接手
★Lesson 52 A pretty carpet
★inch n 英寸(度量单位)
foot 英尺(pl feet ) mile 英里
★space n 空间
★actually adv 实际
＝in fact
课文讲解
1We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning
现完成进行时强调动作某段时间直进行动作现结果现完成时表示漫长时间段发生 定现产生影响发生动作 直延续现现完成时 动词定延续性动词
It has rained for half day
It has been raining
2I have been trying to get my new room in order
get sth in order ……秩序……整理(get 役动词)
in order 整齐井然序秩序 次序
GetPut everything in order before you leave the room
3This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books
★own
① vt 拥
I own over a thousand books
② vt &vi 承认
He owned to stealing the wallet
He owned (that) he had made a mistake
③ adj
He has a car of his own
He lives in his own house
4To make matters worse the room is rather small so I have temporarily put my books on the floor
to make matters worse 更糟糕……插入语
I lost my way in the forest and to make matters worse it became dark
rather adj 相
5At the moment they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room
at the moment ＝ now 现刻目前
every inch 英寸(夸张)
Gold covered every inch of the ground in America
It is worth every penny of it
6A short while ago my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs
help sb (to) do sth 帮某做某事(to 省略)
help sb with sth 帮某做某事
He help me to learn English
He help me with my English
with one’s help 某帮助
With your help i made great progress
7'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen' she said
I have ever seen 做定语句出现 高级标志
8She gazed at it for some time then added 'You don't need bookcases at all You can sit here in your spare
time and read the carpet'
gazed at …… 羡慕
not at all 完全起强调作
in one’s spare time 某空闲时候spare表示空闲余
I like to read in my spare time
Have you got a spare moment （现）空？
Key structures
现完成时现完成进行时
现完成时：have done表示已完成动作
现完成进行时：have been doing强调动作某段时间直进行动作现结果现止该动作已继续进行继续进行根文确定句子中常含 all+表示时间词语all dayall morning等for since
I have read the book 书已完
I have been reading the book 没完 继续
表示持续性动词 learnlieliverainsleepstand since for 副词短语连how long开头疑问句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years
现完成进行时表示常重复动作：
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week
段时间连现完成时 现完成进行时 次数连 定完成时 现完成进行时
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock
语法精髓
1You should go to bed You _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours
2I _____ (write) letters since breakfast
3I _____ (write) 3 letters since breakfast
4Sorry but MrSmith _____ (leave) for Beijing
5I _____ (look) for him everywhere where can he be
1have been watchinghave watched
2having been writing
3have written
4has left
现完成进行时连 定次数现完成进行时连动词 定短暂动词
leave瞬间动词
5have been looking 通 where can he be 句话知没找 继续找
Special Difficulties
形容词相应副词法：
许副词特表示方式副词皆形容词加ly构成easy（容易）easyly（容易）beautiful漂亮）beautifully（漂亮） 频 度 副 词 构 成 usual（通常）usually（通常） 少数表示程度观点副词ly 结尾：high（高）highly（高度）real（真）really（真正）
数 形 容词加 ly 变副词 beautiful－－beautifully形容词加ly(asleep)副词定ly结尾(late)加 ly副词(lovely) 副词然形容词加ly构成意义相应形容相hard（勤奋困难）hardly（）cold（冷）coldly（冷淡）late（迟晚）lately（）near（接）nearly（差差点）
副 词 两 种 形 式 意义相cheap（廉价）cheaply（廉价）意义late（迟晚）lately（）hard（努力猛烈）hardly（）
late 迟 lately adv (recently)
hard 努力(表示程度深) 困难(difficult) hardly
high高 〈adv>高度 highly〈adv> 高度 (尺度测量 抽象)
deep 深 deeply 〈adv> 深度 (尺度测量 抽象)
near 旁边 nearly 〈adv>
副词形式形容词相fastpastfar等
数方式副词位置般宾语动词前面表示时间副词常位句尾时位句首程度副词almostenoughhardlynearlyquiterathertoo等部分修饰动词前 副词修饰动词(walk quickly) 形容词(very beautiful) 副词词性身(very much) 修饰句子
Quite and Quiet
quite adv 完全相
I’m quite ready 已全准备
Are you quite certain 敢完全肯定？
quiet adj 安静静静止寂静
The sea was very quiet this morning 天午海静
The house became quiet again when the children were gone
★Lesson 53 Hot snake
★hot adj 带电 充电
hot adj 热新鲜棘手带电 充电
hothothot 麻辣烫hotwings 辣鸡翅hot dog 热狗
hottempered 火暴(脾气) （temper n 脾气）
hot line 热线hot topic 热门话题
hot cake 热蛋糕
It sells like a hot cakecakes 表示东西畅销 热销
best seller 畅销东西
hot potato 棘手问题
hot news 热点新闻
★fireman n 消防队员
hydrant n 消防栓 消防龙头
fire extinguisher 灭火器 （extinguisher n 熄灭者 灭火器）
extinguish＝put out 灭火
★cause v& n 引起原
① v 引起
cause sth 引起麻烦
Carelessness causes accidents 粗心导致事
Pride causes failure 骄傲失败
cause sb to do sth 引起某做某事 导致某做某事
Illness caused him to lose his temper (lose one’s temper 发火)
② n 原强调事情发生直接原()
because
reason 理种理()
★examine v 检查
examine the soil
check v 核实 核
★accidentally adv 意外 偶然 (更趋 偶然 意思)
accident－>accidental－>accidentally
accident n 事
unexpectedly adv 出意料(更趋 意外 意思)
★remains n 尸体 残骸
remains指 dead body
★solve v 解决
solve the mystery
solve the problem
★snatch v 抓住
catch v 抓抓鱼
hold v 握着
snatch v (突然抓起)强调动作突然性
seize v 抓住(力)
seize my arm
课文讲解
1Hot snake
hot snake 触电蛇
get a electric shock 触电
2At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California
at last 终
put out a fire 扑灭火（put out扑灭熄灭关掉）
Please put the lightfire out
a fire 场(堆)火
3Since then they have been trying to find out how the fire began
since then 时起现止
find out （研究努力等）找出发现查出……（里 find out宾语句）
I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday
4Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away
broken glass 碎玻璃片
cigarette ends 烟头
5They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire
be able to 够 be not able to 没够
be sure that ……握quite sure 相握性
rather adv 相
fairly adv 相 公正 诚实
quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度轻
quite a few 颇(相)
start a fire＝cause a fire （start vt ……发生引起）
6This morning however a firemen accidentally discovered the cause
accidentally by chance 偶然
discover身含偶然发现（某已存东西）含义
I don’t know who discovered America
7He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16000volt power line
notice 注意没注意东西
the remains表示尸体残骸必须复数形式：
The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake
16000volt power line 连字符 旦加两词间 词间失加复数资格 够加连字符概念定做定语
★wind vt 缠绕卷……盘旋蜿蜒
① vt 缠绕卷……（常 aroundround连）
Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree
② vt 蜿蜒盘旋
wind one's way 蜿蜒行
8In this way he was able to solve the mystery
in this way 样
9A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires
had done 先发生事
drop 意掉
10When it did so it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire
do so 做
I refuse to do so 拒绝做
so常动词代指前面提某动作某件事免重复
I thinkbelieve so
Summary writing
1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not Have they been trying to discover its cause(Now that )
2 Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not
5 Where did the snake wind itself What had it sent to the ground Did this cause the fire or not(In winding and)
1 Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California they have been trying to discover its cause
now that 然
2 evidence n 证
区分位语句定语句区：果 that 做语者宾语 定语句果 that 作语作宾语 位语句 fact evidence 面加语句
5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire
介词in on放动词ing前面理解方式没in on理解方式样
Key structures
般时现完成时现完成进行时
般时通常表示确切时间状语连现完成时时表示段时间状语连时需时间状语现完成进行时时表示段时间状语连时 all+表示时间名词连现完成时般时中状态动词（表示存拥感情思想需求等动词）行动词现完成进行时通常行动词连
Special Difficulties
Throw toThrow at and Throw away
throw作物动词含义投掷抛扔
throw to (sb) 扔（某）
He threw the ball to me and I caught it
throw at 准某目标扔
The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it
throw away 扔掉丢弃
Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly
Cause and Reason
cause
① n 原起
Do you know the cause of the war
What was the cause of the delay
② v ……产生发生引起
cause sth 导致 引起
What caused the accident
cause sb to do sth 导致某做某事
reason
① n 理原
Give me your reasons for going there
What was the reason for the delay
作原讲时reason cause互换reason介词for 连cause介词of连
reason面通常why引导句：
That was the reason why the meeting was put off
② v 推理劝导说服
reason with sb 劝说(道理)
How can you reason with him when he is so worried
Drop and Fall
drop vi&vt （）掉（）落放（强调心掉）
As he walked past the tree an apple dropped from it
The waiter dropped a fork
fall vi 落（雨雪）降跌倒摔倒（强调掉概念 动作）
I fell and hurt myself
When leaves fall in autumn I’ll come back
★Lesson 54 Sticky fingers
★sticky adj 粘
as sticky as glue 胶水样粘
★finger n 手指
thumb 拇指index finger 食指middle finger 中指
ring finger 名指little finger 指
toe n 脚趾
★mix v 混合 拌
① vt 混拌
I was busy mixing butter and flour
You can mix some salt into the flour
② vi 交相处
I’m not going to mix with those people 算
Mary doesn’t mix much 玛丽太交
mixture n 混合物
★annoying adj 恼
It is annoying
annoyed adj 感烦恼（ anger语气弱）
★dismay v 失 泄气
dismay sb 某感失
dismaying adj 令失dismayed adj 感失
★recognize v 认出听出
① vt 辨出认出认识
I recognized the voice of Helen Bates
②vt 承认确认认
It is recognized that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us
He recognized Dan as one of his best friends
★persuade v 说服 劝说
persuade 表示劝说已成功
try to persuade 劝说
reason with sb 劝说说明否劝说成功
★mess n 乱七八糟
口语中a mess指困境窘境团糟等含义
What a mess 真糟糕透
You are a mess 真邋遢
The manwoman is a mess
make a mess of sth ……搅乱七八糟
He made a mess of my job 工作搅团糟
Make some jam if you want to but don’t make a mess in the kitchen
★sign v 签字
sign your name(s) here 签名 (许加 s )
sign for 签收
signature n 签名
I need your signature 需签名
autograph n 明星 名签名 (n 亲笔签名v 签署)
★register v 挂号邮寄
a registered letter 挂号信
课文讲解
1The children were at school my husband was at work and the house was quiet
at school 学at work 班at home 家休息
schoolwork前加冠词指具体学校具体干什工作泛指干什
home副词加冠词
2In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry
be busy doing sth 忙做某事
flour 面粉 数名词 注意发音 flower 相 flower 数名词 般会复数
flowers
be covered with… 盖满……
3At exactly that moment the telephone rang
at exactly that moment 时恰恰时
exactly加强语气表示正恰恰：
That’s exactly what I wanted to tell you
4Nothing could have been more annoying
No one could behave been… 没……
No one could be have been fatter 没更胖
Nothing could have been… 没……更……
Nothing could have been cheaper 没什东西更便宜
Nothing could have been more exciting 没什事情更令激动
No face could be uglier 没张脸更丑
No books could be more interesting 没书更趣
5I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates
pick up the receiver 捡起话筒
6It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later
persuade sb to do sth 说服某做某事
I persuaded him to give up that plan
persuade sb into doing sth 说服某做……
I persuaded him into giving up that plan
It takes sb some time to do sth 花费某久做某事（it 作形式语）
ring back 回电话电话
later表示
Ten minutes later the bus arrived
Please come back later (on)
7At last I hung up the receiver
hang up 挂起
hang up the receiver 挂断电话
8I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead
no sooner…than… hardly…when… 刚…………（完成时）
★enough n& adj& adv 足够
① n 足够
I havehad had enough 已拥足够
② adj 足够
enough +n n +enough 修饰名词
I have enough timetime enough
③ adv 足……
enough修饰adj者adv时定放修饰词面
enough to do sth 足做某事
He is rich enough to buy the whole city 富买整城市
The water in the pool is warm enough (to swim in)
I am hungry enough to eat sth
Summary writing
1 Did the writer return home from the shops or not What did she begin to make (As soon as)
1 as soon as when时间状语句引导词as soon as 强调动作发生 立发生动作when 强调两动作紧密相连
4 Did she look at the mess she had made or not (After that)
after 作介词 接名词代词作宾语作连词 接句子
文中 that 代词 after that 仅介词短语
Composition
2 Two hours had passedI smelled something burning(When)
Two hours had passed when I smelled something burning
…(time)passed and then……(time)passed before…
般会 when 放 …(time)passed… 前 种惯
something burning burning放定代词面 ing 表动关系 表示东西正燃烧
Letter writing
信第段里 应该提已收封信促回信某事件
pleased to do sth 非常高兴
I was very pleased to learn that you are well
I was very pleased to learn that you have a baby 恭喜做爸爸
Thank you for +n
Key structures
The Some and Any
1some any数名词复数数名词前some 通常肯定句any通常否定句疑问句中期肯定答复疑问句中some肯定句中表示便 含义时any
These are the only meat pies I have Do you want some of them
Yes please Any meat pies will do
2形容词the（决aan）表示作整体群体 the blindthe deafthe livingthe deadthe richthe poorthe youngthe old形容词复数动词形容词身指体：
The Government always makes sure that the old are cared for
This is a special school for the deaf
果想指单数体说：
Sam is a young man with a lot of money
3列名词指目相关动作时零冠词（名词前没冠词） 类 名 词 bedchurchclasscollegehospitalmarketprisonschoolseauniversitywork 特指东西面前the泛指类事物中时a
4形容词副词高级前面themost表示数时前面加the
the most
most of the… 部分……
most of the young people 部分年轻
Most young men have to work hard
Most buildings in this district belong to the government
★Lesson 55 Not a gold mine
★gold n 金子
sth be made of gold ……金子做成
gold watchgold ringgolden sun 金色太阳
golden] adj 金色 宝贵
Silence is golden 沉默金
golden opportunity 宝贵机会 (opportunity n 机会 时机)
golden sentence 黄金句型
I am honoured to have the opportuneity to do sth
I am glad to have the golden opportunity to do sth
I am glad to have the golden opportunity to stay with you
goldfish n 金鱼
platinum n 白金 铂
★treasure n 财宝 (总称 没复数)
treasure island’ 金银岛
jewel n 宝石 珠宝 (数)
jewelry n 珠宝 珠宝类 珠宝(总称 数)
I have some jewels I have some jewelry
diamond n 钻石
jade n 碧玉 (数名词)
jade palace 翠宫饭店
★revealer n 探测器
reveal v 揭示
★invent v 发明
invention n 发明
★detect v 探测
detective n 侦探
★pirate n 海盗
pirate n 海盗 盗印者 盗版者 侵犯专利权者
vt 盗印 盗版 掠夺 翻印 vi做海盗
★arm v 武装
① n 手臂武器
hold one's arm
Farewell Arms 永 武器
farewell int 会(常含永容易见面意思)
② v 武装
Soldiers should be armed well 士兵应该武装
be armed with … ……武装
The youth should be armed with knowledge 年轻应该知识武装
The teacher should be patient The teacher should be armed with patience
be covered with ……覆盖
army n 军队
★soil n 泥土
soil n 土壤 (生长植物方)
earth n 泥土 (泥巴)
★entrance n 入口
entrance ofto… ……入口
entrance of the park entrance to the park
exit n 出口 太门 退场 世vi 退出 脱离 世
★thoroughly adv 彻底
completelythoroughlytotally
★confident n 信心
be confident of doing sth 信心做……
be confident that +句 信心做……
confidence n 信心
课文讲解
1Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently
★dream n 梦v 做梦
① n 梦想
dreams come true 梦想成真
dreams ended 梦想破灭 梦断
dream of … ……梦
Dream of flying in the sky comes true
② v 做梦
dream of doing sth
I dream of flying in the sky(dream v)
come true 变成现实（预言期等）成事实（愿意）实现
His dream to travel around the world at last came true
2A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground
句话中动词 果出现动词 and列连接 变成复合句 when because连接 动词表示动词意思 做谓语 非谓语动词
分词做定语 表示 ploughed field n +called 称…………（果短语修饰词 短语放修饰词边）
the plane called a Pilatus Porter
be used to do sth ……
used to do 常常
位语句中引导词that会which
in the ground (更惯 under the ground )
3The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where it is said pirates used to hide gold
it is said插入语说讲
where in which翻译时译 修饰 cave点状语句
This is the river where I swim
4The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it
would表示惯性动作 处表示 used to 常做
fail to do sth 未忘记做某事项 （fail面接动词定式表示否定）
He failed to see the reason why they sent him away
collect含义（）取接
Don’t fail to collect me before you go to the party
I’ll collect my post on my way home
5Armed with the new machine a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure
果句子语事物 句子合句子保留句子做句 变成非谓语动词非谓语动词采种形式 根语关系 果动关系 ing 动关系 动词ed形式 句句子位置安排保持句子衡 注意动作连贯
The boy went home The boy was crying The boy was beaten
Beaten by sb the boy went home crying
arm(ed) with 表示带着装着穿着等
Don’t worry I’m armed with an umbrella
You’d better arm yourself with a warm coat
6Very excited the party dug a hole two feel deep
Very exciting … 形容词短语做状语
Tired of sleeping on the floor …
Tired I went home I went home tired句子序 表达意思
two feet deep数词+量词+形容词结构做定语 做表语
I am five years old
The street is five meters wide
longwidehighdeep高 tall
7In spite of this many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon
in spite of though even if
something of value
of表示修饰名词具某种性质状况of加名词联想名词应形容词
The news is of great importance to us
of value＝valuable 价值
of small value 价值( almost worthless)
形容词放定代词边
something important something of importance
someone patient someone of patience
Summary writing
1 IsThe Revealer’a new machine or an old machineIs it used for detecting buried gold or not(which)
2 Did a search party use this machine or not Where did they try to find gold recently(Using this machine)
3 Did they examine the cave thoroughly or not Did they only find a small gold coinWas it valuable or was it practically worthless(Althoughwhich)
4 Do many people believe that the machine may reveal something of value soon or not(However)
1machine 作先行词 it 指代 machine 会which 取代
2Using this machine a seach party tried to find the gold in came near the seashore
3Although 会引导步状语句 which 会引导定句
Although they examined the came thoroughly they only found a small gold coin which was practically worthless
4however 放句首句中 逗号隔开
Key structures
表示惯性动作
提某特定时间时 时 would代used to时 would需指出具体时间used to需
used to暗示现时would换：
I used to drink heavily but I have given up drinking now
I never used to eat a large breakfast but I do now
used to描写状态时 would互换would表示特惯行：
This sort of novel used to be very popular 种说流行
I used to be a waiter but now I’m a taxidriver
used to强调现时would互换事开头时would必须首先般时used to描述背景然would表示惯性动作：
When I was a boy we always spentused to spend our holidays on a farm We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows
Special difficulties
use be used to used to
use vt 运应
May I use your dictionarycar
I don’t know how to use the word
be used to 惯（面名词动名词beget等代）
I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker
I’m used to shopping alone
used to 惯……（表示现通常已存惯般时面动词定式）
I used to get up early when I worked as a baker but I don’t have to get up early now
You didn’t use to smoke
Gold and Golden
glod
① n 金黄金金币金块
He loves gold more than anything else
② adj 金
When Frank retired they gave him a gold watch
All that glitters is not gold （all…is not… 部分否定 not all）
golden adj 金色（机会等）非常兴盛
As the sun set the sky became golden
As he grew older he always thought about the golden days of his life
You’ve missed a golden chance to make a lot of money
★Lesson 56 Faster than sound
★sound n 声音
① n 声音
sound n 声音
voice n 声音
noise n 周围谐声音 躁音
② v 听起
③ adj 合理（等reasonable adj合理 道理 通情达理 讲道理）
I have a piece of sound advice 合理建议
soundly adj 香甜
sleep soundly
★excitement n 激动 兴奋
to one's excitement… 令某激动……
The most exciting thing is that… 令激动……
The most surprising thing about it is that 令惊讶事情……
It excited me that… 激动……
★handsome adj 漂亮 美观
handsome adj 形容男孩 英俊 般男孩子连
handsome连阳刚美物相连表示美观方表示制作精良handsome女性连时
候表示女孩子阳刚气类似女侠概念
Your husband is handsome
beautiful 形容时候表示外美统 完美概念
You look beautiful
Flowers are beautiful
Picture is beautiful
pretty adj 美丽(女孩孩)柔美意思
pretty男性连表示没阳刚气女性化
Your wife is pretty
pretty boy pretty girl pretty woman
nice adj 美(天气 食物 物品品质等)
You are nice 长错
lovely adj 爱
This is a lovely story 爱事
goodlooking adj
smart adj 巧美丽(物)时髦美丽()
She is smart
cute adj漂亮 常形容孩
The baby is cute
What a cute baby 漂亮宝宝啊
How cute you are 漂亮啊(爱啊)
★explosion n 爆炸 轰响
explosive n 爆炸物炸药adj 爆炸(性) 爆发(性) 暴露
explode vt 爆炸vi 爆炸 爆发 破 推翻 激发
bomb n 炸弹vt 投弹 轰炸
The bomb exploded
★course n 跑道行程
① n 跑道行程
on the course 轨道运行
off course 偏离轨道
of course 然
② n 课程
This term I tooktake seven courses 学期学七门课
★rival n 手
competition n 竞争 竞赛
The person who takes part in the competition
competitor n 竞争者 手
opposite n 相反事物adj 相 面 立 相反 等 应
opponent n 手 反者(持反意见 辩赛政治)
enemy n 敌
rival adj 势均力敌n 势均力敌手
★speed（spedsped） v 疾驶
① v 疾驶急行
The police car sped past us
The two men sped out of the room
② n 速度
at the speed of ……速度
The car goes at the speed of 40 miles an hour at 40 miles an hour
车3 speed4 speed表示档位
speed up 速度增加 加速slow down 减速
blow up 风力增加
★downhill adv 坡
downstairs 楼upstairs 楼
go down stairs
go downhill 山
downtown n&adj&adv 市中心商业区（反意词uptown 远离商业区）
I'll go to the downtown
课文讲解
1Once a year a race is held for old cars
Old car race is held once a year
once +表示时间名词 ……次
The postman calls once a day
be held for 赛……举行
2A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began
enter for 报名参加
a great deal of +数名词 量……
There wasis a great deal of excitement 非常激动
a great number of +数名词
a great many +数名词 许……
a large amount of +数名词
just before just 起强调作
3One of the most handsome cars was a RollsRoyce Silver Ghost
one of 直接作语时候 做单数
One of the answers is ture
One of those people is good
果定语句中出现one of作先行词边关系代词指代面复数名词果one of前面修饰词only边关系代词指代one词作单数
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths
4Built in 1885 it was the oldest car taking part
The car was built in 1885
taking part 理解taking part (in the race)
5After a great many loud explosions the race began
after explosions 许爆炸声
6Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them
many cars 许车子many of the cars 车子中许
many students 许学生many of my students 教许学生
some pictures 片some of the pictures 片中
break down 车子抛锚（机械等）出障出毛病
This morning I was late for work because my car broke down twice
under the car指车面修理in the car指正常驾驶句中under in斜体英文中斜体字起强调作
spent more time under their cars than in them
花车时间车里时间
7The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour much faster than any of its rivals
the wining car 获胜车
a speed of +数量词 速度……
You must have been driving at a speed of seventy miles an hour
much faster 快a little faster 快点
any of its rivals＝any rival
any 较级中旦出现 加数名词单数
Beijing is bigger than any other city （注意 other 丢）
果定代词 说someone else anyone else果定代词 名词前加other
any other competitor
8It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it
at the end of… ……末尾部分
He spoke a few words at the end of the meeting
have trouble (in) doing sth 干……麻烦做……困难（trouble数数）
They had some trouble finding out the cause of the fire
9The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure
give sb+n 某……
give sb pleasure
It will give sb a great deal of pleasure
There was a great deal of excitement
give sb a fright 吓某跳
give sb a surprise 某惊喜
10It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting
modern car race 现代车赛
be different from ……
no moreno less表示……样 相only the same
There are no more than 100 students 房间仅百学生
no less exciting 样激动
no more than you 样
表示……相not more morenot less less
not less exciting 更令激动
Letter writing
常开头语：
I am sorry it has taken me so long to write but…
I was glad to hear from you at last and to learn that…
Key structures
较关系句型
as…as ……样
the same (…) as ……相样
You’ve made the same mistake as Tom
时the same单独：
My mother is much younger than yours
She isn’t They’re about the same age
Those two dress are the same
not so…as not as…as ……
different from ……（different前面加verymucha little等修饰语）
Is French food very different from Italian food
A Frenchman could tell you better than I can
We’re planning something different this year from what we did last year
litte few口语中not muchnot many代：
There isn’t much sugararen’t many sweets but you can have a littlefew
much many 通常否定句疑问句（正式文体外）日常谈话中通常避免肯定句中muchmany数量词口语中表示许数量词 a lot of复数数名词连数名词连面动词单数复数取决名词a lot of正式表达方式：a greatgood deal of+数名词a greatgoodlarge number of+复数名词a greatgood many of+复数名词
what引导感叹句中muchmany：
What a lot of sweets Tom’s bought
I am less lucky 幸运
more exciting 更激动 not less exciting
Special difficulties
Handsome Beautiful Pretty Goodlooking
handsome adj 漂亮英俊般形容男子指东西制作精良
beautiful adj 美丽美感令愉悦完美强调外结合形容女子孩童花草服饰等般形容男子长相
pretty adj 漂亮爱令怜爱强调女孩孩外表美丽
goodlooking adj 标致美貌男女均适
My furniture is goodlooking
Reach and Arrive inat
reach vt 达达（适范围较广仅仅限点）
When you reach my age you’ll be able to understand it
Can you get that book down for me please I can’t reach it
arrive vi 达抵达
表示达某较方时arrive in达某较方场arrive at
When I arrived at the station the train had already gone
Take part and Take place
take part (in) 参加参
I didn’t take part in their conversation
It was the lodest car taking part
take place＝happen 发生进行举行
What happened What took place
All these took place before you were born
The Olympic Games will take place in our country in four years’ time
★Lesson 57 Can I help youmadam
★madam n (妇女尊称)太太 夫
ma’am n <口>夫 太太 女士 姐 madam
★jeans n 牛仔裤
trousers n裤子 长裤
pants n裤子 短裤
★hesitate v 犹豫 迟疑
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做……
make up one's mind 决心做……
hesitation n 犹豫 踌躇
without hesitation 毫犹豫
Without hesitation he refused my request
★serve v 接(顾客)
① vt&vi 帮佣仆……干活
serve sb 某服务
Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years
②vt&vi 服务服役供职
She served the firm as a secretary for two years
Have you ever served in the army
③ vt&vi 接（顾客）
The assistant was eager to serve her this time
Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18
service n 服务 服务性工作 服役 仪式vt 保养 维修
adj(军队)服现役 服务性 仆 耐
At your service 乐您效劳
★scornfully adv 轻蔑
look down uponon 起瞧起……
He looks down on me
★punish v 惩罚
punishment n 惩罚
capital punishment 极刑
★fur n 裘皮
mink n 貂皮
★eager adj 热切 热情
be eager to do sth 急做某事
课文讲解
1A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop
do window shopping (表示橱窗外面购物)
a woman in jeans 穿牛仔裤妇女
2Though she hesitated for a moment she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window
for a moment 定现完成时连 般现时 动词延续性动词
ask to do sth 请求做某事
3The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed
dress sb 某穿衣服
Mother is dressing her baby
I dress myself 穿衣服（反身代词做语 I am dressed）
dress表示穿着扮时常动语态
be dressed in
She is dressed in jeans
Why is your aunt dressed in black
the way 直接加定语句 需引导词
I don’t like the way she eats 喜欢吃饭样子
The way she eats annoyed me 吃饭样子烦
I cooked in the way you taught me
4She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other
with sth in hand 手着
He went to the theatre with a book in one hand 手着书电影院
She went to her monther’s carring her baby with a chicken in one hand and a duck in the other (go to one’s monther’s 回娘家)
5After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress
seek out 找出 找
He sought out the thief in the crowd
Seek him out quickly I want to speak to him
6Not realizing who she was the assistant was eager to serve her this time
现分词短语代分句位句首时否定形式前面加notwithout never等否定词词时互换时：
NotWithoutNever hesitating for a moment he ran after the thief
Not being able to open the door I asked my neighbour for help
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某做某事
eagergladpleasedsorry等描述感觉形容词作表语时面定式：
They are all eager to come
I’m pleased to work with you
Letter writing
信开头常面两句型：
What a surprise it was to …
What a surprise it was to send me flowers
to do sth 结构中前面表达动作谁做 加for sb
It is important for me to do sth （for 定加 to 前面）
What a surprise it was for you to send me flowers
Forgive me for not writing earlier but … 抱歉久没写信
I apologize I do apologize 真抱歉(do 强调作)
You apology is accepted
Key structures
At In Off and With
表示点位置时说话角度会影响介词选择at 通常表示居住点某停留点工作点等in表示里面包围含义：
I'll see you at the station 车站送
On the way home we stopped at a small village called Puddleton
There were a lot of people in the street 街许
Let's go for a walk in the park 公园散散步
off常动词连表示位置变化……分离译脱掉脱落（相away fromdown from意思）等反义词on：
The lid came off easily 盖子容易掉
The pencil rolled off the table 铅笔滚桌子面
描写时in 通常表示穿着面加衣服颜色with 表示身某具体特征身带着着什：
He looks handsome in that uniform
That man with long hair is supposed to be a poet 留着长发男应该诗
The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face
The woman with the brown handbag and long umbrella is a famous novelist
A child came along with a brown dog
Special Difficulties
Make and Let
makelet 面带to定式意义法区：
make+名词代词+带to定式表示迫致：
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window
What made him change his mind
That beard makes you look much older than you really are
动语态中含述意义make面必须带to：
He was made to work fourteen hours a day
He was made to change his mind
let祈句建议包括说话者采取某行动：
Let’s not waste any more time
否定形式Let’s not…外Don’t let’s…：
Don’t let’s waste any more time
let+名词代词+带to定式表示允许：
Don't let him persuade you 说服
Let me try 试拭
Don't let the children touch anything in this room please
果宾语us缩写成let’s：
Please let us have more time will you
let面动带to定式：
He let it be known that the house was his
let般动意义表示允许时allow
We were not allowed to speak
★Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise
★blessing n 福气 福分
bless v 保佑
God bless you Bless you 帝保佑
Bless my country 保佑国家
★disguise n 伪装
in disguise 穿着伪装
a wolf in disguise 披着羊皮狼 伪装狼
a blessing in disguise 祸福
a curse in disguise
(curse] n 诅咒 咒语 祸根 祸vt 诅咒 咒骂 降祸 受罪)
★tiny adj 极
tiny very very small
★possess v 拥
sb possess sth 某某物
possession n 拥 占 着迷 领土 领 财产(常复数) 制
in one's possession 某某物
★cursed adj 恨
cursed adj 诅咒 邪恶
果ed构成形容词 做形容词读音读id
★increase vt 增加
add物动词grow物动词
★plant v 种植
plant 强调东西种
plant tree 种树(种 活活)
Tree Planting day 植树节
grow v 生长
grow sth 种庄稼(种 生长)
★church n 教堂
church加the 表示点church加the 功关
go to the church 教堂玩
I am at the church 教堂玩
go to church 教堂做礼拜
I am at church 做礼拜
★evil adj 坏
evil wicked adj 邪恶
★reputation n 名声
good reputation 名声 bad reputation 坏名声
fame n 名声（定名声） 名 传说 <古>传闻
famous adj 著名 出名 <口>极 令满意
★claim v ……果
claim take 索取
claim表示（疾病意外等）夺（生命）
The accident claimed a few lives
★source n 源
resource n 资源(次次源re)
reread vt重读 读
sauce n 沙司 酱油 调味料vt 调味 增加趣味（读音 source相）
★income n 收入
rent v 租租出租n 租金
interest n 兴趣关心重性影响利息利益利害
vt 发生兴趣引起……注意
bonus n 奖金 红利
DINK丁克家族 D－doubleI－incomeN－noK－kids
kid n哄骗取笑开玩笑孩山羊v 哄骗取笑开玩笑欺骗
课文讲解
1The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'
There名词语代词语 +be said to do sth 说……（太握事发表法时种谨慎说法）
There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa
Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class
It’s not as old as it’s said to be 说古老
it is said that… 说……
It is said that he is very good ＝ He is said to be very good 说非常
种结构动词say外believeknowfindfearthink等：
It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train
次列车事中恐怕少丧生
the tiny village of Frinley 弗林利村庄中介词of表示位关系：
the city of Beijing 名北京城市
at the age of twenty 20岁时
a height of three feet 三英尺高度
2Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased
mention vt 提 提
My father ofter mentions you
in a newspaper 强调报纸里面容
on the newspaper 报纸容关 报纸记什东西时 on
a number of…＝lots of… 许……（数名词复数做复数前翻 强调面东西）
a number of students 许学生
the number of… ……数量总数（数名词复数做单数前翻 强调数量）
the number of students 学生数量
3The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation
it iswas …（强调部分 thatwho(m)+ 句） 万强调结构
It is I that am looking for you 强调 I
It is Jack who(m) Frank phoned last night
gain＝get
4It is said that if anyone touches the tree he will have bad luck if he picks a leaf he will die
英语中分号断开两句子
anyone he 相应
If anyone wanted to go there he will do sth
5The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down but so far he has refused
sb be asked to do sth 请求做某事sb做事
have sth done 某事做完成某事
I will go to have my bicycle repaired （修车）
I will go to repair my bicycle （修车）
I will have my hair cut
make sth done 某事做
Could you make yourself known 知道(介绍)
Could you introduce yourdself 介绍
Could you make youself heard 听(声点)
make法：make +宾语+宾补make +sb+do 某做某事make +sth+done 做某事
so far 迄止（常现完成时连）
He hasn’t returned my books so far
6He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it
point out explain 指出解释
I realized that he had make a mistake so I pointed it out to him immediately
He pointed out that it was a mistake not to help them
7In spite of all that has been said the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the treetrunk
in spite of 然顾
He set off in spite of the heavy rain
in spite of all that… in spite of what ……
（in spite of 介词面接句 加what引导句）
In spite of what you have told me I still believe (that) he has stolen the money
8So far not one of them has been struck down by sudden death
not one of＝none of 没……单数≠no one of（no one加of）
be struck down 倒（stike down ……生重病杀死）
Many people were struck down in that war
He was stuck down by cancer last year
povertystruck 穷困潦倒 （poverty n 贫穷 贫困 贫乏 缺少）
Letter writing
常开头语：
You will be glad to hear that…
Thank you for letting me know that…
Special difficulties
Increase and Grow
increase vt &vi 增加增增长增强
The firm has increased his salary
His salary has increased
grow vi 增长长成长生长
The number of vistors to Frinley has now grownincreased
The students in this university has grown in number
How tall you’ve become How you’ve grown
She has grown so much she is nearly as tall as I am
grow＝increase(表示数量增长)
The number is increasinggrowing
Gain and Earn
gain vt 获（＝get sth）受益获益（earn含义）
Jane has gained much from her year in Australia
earn vt (通努力)获赚钱（gain含义）
earn money 挣钱
earn one's living 谋生
Try to save as you earn 挣钱时设法存起
She earns 500 a month
It has gainedearned an evil reputation
Pick and Cut
pick vt 采摘采集
They picked a lot of flowers yesterday
cut vt 切割剪
She cut an apple in two
Can you cut your own hair
★Lesson 59 In or out
★bark v 狗
The dog is barking
sb is barking 某咆哮
★press v 压
① vt&vi 挤压
She pressed my hand warmly 热情握手
Can you press that button for me please
② vt 挤取榨取（……汁）
This is the time of the year when they press their grapes
If you prefer juice you can press some oranges
③ vt 催促敦促竭力劝说
My parents pressed me to enter for the competition
I don’t like to be pressed 喜欢催促
pressure n 压 压力 电压 压迫 强制 紧迫
★paw n 脚爪
cat's paw 利(寓言)
I don't want to be a cat's paw想利
★latch n 门闩
latch n 门闩（庭院花园中门闩）
bar n 门闩（ latch）
★expert n 专家
expert atin sth 某方面专家
expert atin doing sth
expert atin opening the door
★develop v 养成
① vt &vi 发展扩展
The village has developed into a town now
Do you believe that you can develop your mind through watching TV
相信通电视开发智力？
It’s hard to develop your business in this city
developing skills 发展技巧
fluency in English 流利英语 （fluency n流利 流畅 雄辩）
developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家
Ved 强调已Ving 强调正时态区
boiling water 滚开水 boiled water 开水
develop the film 洗胶卷
② vt &vi（逐渐）显现出产生获养成
She developed an interest in swimming 游泳产生兴趣
★habit n 惯(指惯)
custom n 风俗俗 customs n 海关 customer n 顾客
★remove v 拆掉 取
remove sth from ……挪走
课文讲解
1Our dog Rex used to sit outside our front gate and dark
front gate 前门
would＝used to 常常
2Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate
The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door
every time＝when 次时（面点时间段时间）
Every time I turn to Lesson 59 I will remember my teacher
the monment＝as soon as …………(强调瞬间)
3As the neighbours complained of the noise my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in
complaim of… 抱怨……
sb spend time (in) doing sthon sth 花费某段时间做某事（作语）
Why don’t you spend more time on studies
I spent two weeks (in) reading this book
It takes sb some times to do sth 某事花某少时间（事情做语）
train sb to do sth 训练某做某事
let sb do sth 某做某事
let sb in 某进 let sb out 某出
let sb down 某失
press his paw on the latch press the latch
press the button press the figure on the button
4Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate
become an expert at doing sth 成……手专家权威
John is an expert at driving a car
She is an expert in flowers
Sam is an expert on that problem
5However when I was going out shopping last week I noticed him in the garden near the gate
going out shopping 加out 强调外出
6Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since
so…that… ……结果状语句省略词so that
so that 便……（目状语句）
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out
since(句尾) since then 时起现止
Special difficulties
ToIn order toSo as toSo thatIn order that表达目种方式
带to定式in order toso as to表示目：
I went to live in France toin order toso as to learn French
not to表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French but to study chemics
so as not toin order not to表示防：
I shut the door quietly so as not toin order not to wake the bady
bringbuyneedtakeusewant等动词常宾语加to定式表示宾语目
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with
连词so thatin order that引导目状语句目状语句必须具备特征 动词前面定出现情态动词句般现时现完成时般时时候so thatin order that面maycanwill句般时进行时完成时时候so thatin order that面shouldcouldmightwould
I’ve arrived early so that in order that I may can will get the tickets
I arrivd early so thatin order that I might not miss anything
前语致时 定式前面加 for +名词代词that结构更简洁定式逻辑语for sb to do sth
He was barking for someone to let him out
He was barking so that someone would let him out
★Lesson 60 The future
★relation n 亲属
① n （事物间）关系关联（数）
I know little about the relation ofbetween time and space
Is there any relation between the hot snake and the forest fire
② n （国家民等间）关系（数）
Friendly relations have been developed between the two cities
They have broken relations with that firm
③ n 亲戚亲属（数）
A near relation of yours is coming to see you
课文讲解
1A relation of yours is coming to see you
a relation of yours 您亲戚（双重格）
句中现进行时表示目前正进行动作表示发生事情
2The moment you leave this tent you will get a big surprise
the moment as soon as …………（连词引导时间状语句中般现时表示时）
3That is all
口语中表示完事情样
He borrowed some money from me That’s all 钱仅已
4As soon as I went outside I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me
句话中all代词表示切全部事作语时视单数：
All I can remember is her name
hurry towards sb 某匆匆走
5Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her
must be表示现时态指状况句话变成：
We must go to the station to meet her
Key structures
表示发生事情
英语中现进行时表示安排活动事件种法通常需表示时间状语（久） arrivecomegoleave等动词进行式常种法表示行程安排关达离等意思：
He’s arriving this evening
We’re spending next winter in Australia
He’s meeting the vicar in two days’ time
时间状语句表示时 afteras soon asbeforeby the timethe momenttilluntilwhen等面通常般时般现时完成时现完成时两种现时态时间连词面常常互换：
The Thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is has been born
I’ll make it before he comes
第1类条件句中if通常般现时表示发生事：
If he gets the job he’ll be going abroad
I’ll give her a meal if she’s hungry
Special Difficulties
名词+名词构成复合名词
第名词通常起形容词（修饰语）作般单数类复合名词代of结构a car key（汽车钥匙）a chair leg（椅子腿）理解第名词指点第二词指该点中东西a village pub（乡村酒吧）a world record（世界纪录）a kitchen sink（厨房洗涤槽）表示时间a Christams card（圣诞卡）an evening dress（晚礼服）afternoon tea（午茶）表示分类a horror film（恐怖电影）a flower shop（花店）a taxidriver（出租车司机）表示材料a fur coat（裘皮衣）a gold watch（金表）cigarette ends（香烟头）
★Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble
★space n 空间(指宇宙空间)
room n 空间（数）房间（数）
Could you make room for me 腾点空间
★robotarm n 机器手
robot n 机器 遥控设备 动机械 机械般工作
★atmosphere n 气层
atmosphere n 气空气气氛氛围
I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental school for its good atmosphere
课文讲解
1The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 201990 at a cost of over a billion dollars
at a cost of … 造价……耗资……价格费
He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of 10000
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(美国)国家航空宇宙航行局（单词縮写般组织者机构）
2Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble
right from the start 开始（right 起强调作）
He didn’t want to work at the firm (right) from the start
trouble with… 关……麻烦
What's the trouble with you 什麻烦 (医生常样问)
There is (engine) trouble with my car
3The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty
fault n 错误 faulty adj 错误
Sorry it's my fault
4NASA is now going to put the telescope right so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it
put sth right 修（障等）校正纠正
Remember to put the lights right tomorrow
send up 送
5A robotarm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs
hold it 抓住
6The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe
a great deal 量
a great deal of… 量……
7By the time you read this the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures
by the time 时
engle eye 鹰眼锐利目光
His father’s eagle eye is always on him
thousands and thousands of 成千万
There are hundreds of thousandsthousands and thousands of cars in this city
Letter Writing
常见书信开头：
I have not heard from you for some time so…
It was very kind of you to…
Key structures
完成时进行时完成进行时
完成时构成：will have done表示某时刻已完成动作必须某时间状语连强调某点时间动作结束
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year
进行时构成：will be doing表示某时候正进行动作表示计划事陈述事实
They will be arriving here tomorrow
完成进行时构成：will have been doing表示某种状况直持续说话提时间某点发生 直延续某点 延续强调某点时间动作结束延续
By this time next week I will have been working for this firm for twenty years
By Friday midday they will have been working on it for seven days
（work on sth 关……工作）
时间状语句中现完成时代完成时：
By the time I’ve completed this one I’ll have been writing for six years
写完书时已写6年书
When I’ve built this one I’ll have built five altogether
Special Difficulties
Cost Price Value
cost
① n 价格价钱费（侧重指某项服务工程等）成（复数）
at the cost of ……费造价……
They built the bridge at a cost of over 600000
I don’t know the costs of these cars 知道车成少
② vt 价钱……（）花费（动语态）
The new car cost him 5000
How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space
What does this blouse cost please 请问 件衬衣少钱
price
① n 价格价钱（侧重指某具体东西商品价钱）物价（复数）
How much is that blouse Let's ask the price
What’s the price of the dress please
Prices are going up again 物价涨
② v 问……价钱查明查询……价格……定价标价
They priced cars for two days before they bought one
The dress is priced at 50 but you can have it at 40
I want to price the bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any
想买床单前听家商店价格
value
① n 表示抽象价值重性价值观（复数）
The stolen items were of sentimental rather than financial value
盗物品更具情感涵义 济价值
This book is of great value to me
His values are different from those of mine
② vt 尊重重视
value sth 认……价值
value sth owned by oneself 敝帚珍
Value your time 珍惜时间
If you don’t value my advice I’ll speak no more
Exercise练
1 There has been a sharp rise in the(price)(cost)(value) of living
2 Whenever I buy anything new my father always asks me the(value)(cost)(price)
3 If you have to work for something you will(value)(price)(cost) it more
4 That house(valued)(cost)(priced) a fortune to build
5 Dr James's work is of enormous(value)(cost)(price) to the community
6 Jane has(valued)(cost)(priced) the alternative products and she recommends this one
7 So far ten countries have given money towards the(value)(price)(cost) of rebuilding after the earthquake
1 sharp rise 幅升
the cost of living 生活费
2 price 价格
3 value 表示认价值
4 fortune 笔财产
cost 花费
5 community 社区社会
value 价值
of great (enormous)value巨价值（enormous adj 巨）
6 alternative 外
recommend 推荐
price sth 较价格
7 towards to
the cost of rebuilding 重建费
★Lesson 62 Affer the fire
★control n 控制
in control 控制
under control 控制控制
out of control 失控
control sth
I can control it I can manage it 付(口语)
under arrest 逮捕
★smoke n 烟（雾）
full of smoke 充满烟雾
smokey adj 烟（名词加y 变形容词）
smokey area 吸烟区 nonsmokey area 禁烟区
rain – rainy cloud cloudy
smoker n 抽烟
heavy smoker 烟瘾重 nonsmoker 抽烟
smoke v 吸烟
Don't smoke No smoking
He smoked heavily
smoking area smoking room 吸烟室
smoking apartment 火车吸烟车厢
cigarette cigar n 香烟
★desolate adj 荒凉
desolate adj 荒凉（方相连表示居住 荒烟）极度孤独(相连时)
lonely adj 孤独荒凉偏僻（方连表示孤零零表示居住）
★threaten v 威胁
threaten to do sth 威胁着做……（相连）迹象表明……
It threatened to rain 迹象表明天雨
threaten sb with sth ……威胁恐吓某
The thief threatened him with a knife
The whole village is threatened with destruction
★surrounding adj 周围
surroundings n 环境(周边事物)
atmosphere n 气层 氛围(周边文环境)
★destruction n 破坏 毁灭
destroy v 破坏
destructive adj 毁灭性
construct v 建设(……创造更条件)
construction n 建设 建筑
construction bank 建设银行
constructive adj 建设性(意见)
build v 建设(具体建某物)
★flood n 洪水 水灾
flood floods 区
★authority n 局(常复数 authorities)
authority n 权威（单数）
★spray v 喷撒
spray sth overon ……喷洒
spray water overon flower
spray grassseed overon the ground
★quantity n （数）量
quantities of 量……
quality n 质量
sth with good quality 具质量东西
★root n 根
What is the root cause 根原什？
root of… ……根
take root 生根
come out 长出
shoot come out 发芽（shoot n 芽）
flower come out 开花
get out 出
★patch n 片颜色周围部分
patch n (面)片 补丁(意)
What is that yellow patch on the wall 墙块黄斑什？
a patch of 片 patches of 许片
There are patches of cloud in the sky
a piece of a bit of a sheet of 片块……
★blacken v 变黑发暗
The smoke has blacken the walls 烟墙熏黑
en缀表示动词译……变……
weak adj 虚弱 ——> weaken v ……变弱削弱
复合词（两词组合成词）fireman
派生词（加前缀缀词）tion —— 名词缀 less —— 形容词缀
课文讲解
1Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control
fight sth ……作搏斗
get it under control 表示控制get……处某种状态含义get+宾语+介词短语作宾补
The Government can no longer keep prices under control 政府已控制住物价
Get the room in order
2A short time before great trees had covered the countryside for miles around
a short time beforea short time ago段时间相连
a short time before 久前某点时间算起段时间前
a short time ago 某段时间现算起段时间前
for miles around 方圆英里（around表示周围四周）
This is the only modern building for miles around
3Now smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills
rise up (from) 升
smoke rise up (烟雾)弥漫
4Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well
winter was coming on 冬季 (季节通表达式)come on进行时形式表示时里表示季节：
When spring comes on there will be flowers everywhere
I was still in the forest when night came on
wash away 掉走洗掉
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood
I can’t wash the spot away
5When the fire had at last been put out the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grassseed which would grow quickly
put out 扑灭
order 定购
type 强调类东西明显特征种类 kind区
6The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes
quantity单数时仅表示数量表示表示少：
They drank a large great small quantity of beer last night
quantity复数时表示量：
He bought books in (large) quantities
7By then however in many places the grass had already taken root
take root 表示生根短语表示某处思想想法等扎根：
This type of grass takes root easily
The idea has taken root in his mind
8In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had
begun to appear in the blackened soil
in place of 代取代 (指代位置空间原放东西现)
In place of a cup I put a vase there 前放茶杯现放花瓶
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary
instead of 代+没做事
Instead of staying home I went to school （句in place of指点空间时in place ofinstead of）
Summary writing
2 Had all the great trees been burnt or not Was there danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods or not Would the floods destroy the surrounding villages or not(Now that… which)
3 Did the forest authorities order grassseed to prevent this or not For how long was it sprayed over the ground by planes(To prevent this…which…)
4 Did it begin to rain or not Where had the grass taken root (By the time that…)
2 Now that all the great trees had been burnt there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages
now that 然 which 定语句
3 To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grassseed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month
to prevent… 预防……
4 By the time it began to rain the grass had taken root in the soil
by the time(that) ……时候止 (that省略)应理解before
Key structures
完成时完成进行时
完成进行时构成：had been +现分词
完成进行时强调某动作更早某段时间直进行某时刻产生结果完成进行时表示常重复动作表示根直接间接证出结常连表示时间词beforeforsinceall day等
She was very tired She had been typing letters all day
Jill was angry Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week
Her eyes were red It was obvious she had been crying
包含间接引语句子中果引述词时态现完成进行时改完成进行时 完成时完成进行时时互换需表示某工作已完成时完成时
When I arrived they’d alredy put the fire out
Special Difficulties
Control and Check
control
① vt 控制指挥支配理
Don’t try to control other people
② n 控制（力）支配（力）
It’s hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control
check vt 检查核查
They’re going to check our passports
Great and Big
great adj (强调重性)伟重重
Frank has just made a great decision
big adj (强调面积体积规模)
Sam is a big man
Soil and Ground
soil n 泥土(植物生长)土土土壤
Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil
ground n 表面(土壤关)场土
He threw the cup to the ground
★Lesson 63 She was not amused
★admire v 赞美钦佩
① vt 钦佩赞赏
I admire his music more than anyone else’s
admire sb for sth ……羡慕某
I admire him for his richnesshouseclever daughterkonwledge
② vt 欣赏观赏
While admiring the new building I heard someone calling my name
③ vt (口语)夸奖称赞
She likes to hear her children admired
★close adj 亲密
close friend 亲密朋友
★reception n 招会
reception ＝ party
wedding reception 婚宴
news conference 新闻发布会 记者招会
★sort n 种类类型（常of连）
type 种类（特殊特征）
sortkind时互换面两种情况sort：
① that sort of person 种
② sort含讽刺意味
That's the sort of thing you like best
You mustn’t mix with that sort of people 种交
课文讲解
1Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties
have a large circle of friends 朋友圈子 交际广
＝sb hashave a lot of friends
He has a large circle of friends 朋友
circle含义（具利益兴趣等形成）圈子……界
Such things are never talked about in business circles
Jeremy used to have a large circle of friends but now he likes being alone
popular adj 受欢迎心
Mary is always popular withamong children
2Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour everybody that is except his sixyearold daughter Jenny
admire… for 钦佩…………
that is插入语旦插句子中 作固定结构 意思说起解释作
He is coming home next Monday that is April 5th
sense of humour 幽默感
George has no sense of humour
He is a man without humour
3This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves
the sort of the kind of面加单数
4He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny
prepare sth 准备做……面容关系
I am preparing a speech （speech n 发言）
prepare for sth ……作准备面定容关系
5He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and of course it was a great success
included 包含（里面容部分挑出说）
contain强调容器里包含 面定东西列举出
It was a great success 表示事做错响成功
6Jeremy was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked
a little 稍微 点
be disappointed by… ……感失
as +句 ……样……方式（方式状语句）
do as you are told 告知做
This fish isn’t cooked as I like it
7Jeremy asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him
why this was so（this 作语 作宾语so 作宾语 放动词面）
I think so I hope so I guess so I expect so
I refuse to do so 拒绝样做
see sb doing sth 见某正作某事
so many people 数字相连前面定so
★laugh
① vi ()笑
You’re very kind to laugh when I tell a funny story
Everybody laughed out loud when he said that
② vi 嘲笑（介词at）
If you go round daying things like that everyone will laugh at you
果处说种话会嘲笑
果laugh at物表示……发笑：
You’re very kind to laugh at my funny stories
Summary writing
1 Is Jeremy Hampden greatly admired for his great sense of humour or not What was he invited to do Did he immediately agree to do so or not (When Jeremy who is)
When Jeremy Hampden who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception he immediately agreed to do so
句子产生歧义前提定语句放修饰整句子面 两句
The brother who was standing near the house wanted to go swimming
The brother wanted to go swimming who was standing near the house
面容易产生歧义
The brother who was standing near the house wanted to talk with the girl
The brother wanted to talk with the girl who was standing near the house (歧义)
Letter Writing
书信常见开头：
You must be very annoyed with me for…
I have just heard that…
★Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel
★tunnel n 隧道
channel n 海峡 （The Channel 英吉利海峡）
★ventilate v 通风
ventilation n 通风
Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统
（forced adj 迫强迫动武力）
air v 通风
Air the room please 房间通通风
★double adj 双
字母W 读音double u意两u 构成 w
couplepair 两
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoessocksglasses 副眼镜
★fear v 害怕
① vt 害怕畏惧
sb fear doing sth 害怕做……
She fears speaking in public
sb fear sth 害怕……
I feared darkness
be afraid of 害怕……
I am afraid of dogs
be afraid of fear 做语
② vt 恐怕猜想（be afraid正式）
fear that… 恐怕……
We fear It is feared We’re afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash
be afraid that… I am sorry 恐怕……（婉言谢绝）
Can you help me
I am afraid I can't I am afraid not
fright frighten frightening frightened frightful
sth frighten sb sth scare sb ……吓……跳
You frightenedscared me
The doy frightened me
frighten scare某件突然事情某产生害怕情绪句子边部分
horrify v 恐怖 极度厌恶 惊骇
horrified adj 惊悸 带恐怖感 惊骇
★invasion n 入侵 侵略
invade vt 侵略 侵袭 拥挤
★officially adv 正式
official adj （官方）正式
formally adv （般）正式
★connect v 连接
connect sth withto… …………连接
connect A with B (AB等)
connect A to B (A连B)
This road connects the village withto London
★European adj 欧洲
★continent n 陆
European Continent 欧洲陆（包括欧洲岛国）
课文讲解
1In 1858 a French engineer Aime Thome de Gamond arrived in England with a plan for a twentyonemile tunnel under the English Channel
plan for +名词动名词 ……计划
twentyonemile 加连字符单数作定语
2This platform would serve as a port and a railway station
serve as… serve for… 起……作作……充……
It will serve as a swimming pool
This sofa can serve asfor (a) bed
3In 1860 a better plan was put forward by an Englishman William Low
put forward (plansuggestion) 提出（计划建议等）
You know they wouldn’t accept your plan Why did you put it forward
4He suggested that a double railwaytunnel should be built
suggest
① vt 暗示法词相
② vt 建议虚拟语气接动词ing 形式接 that 句采种固定法should+动词原形（should 省略）
I suggested (that) he (should) go home (that should 省略)
He suggested that I should go with him 建议定
insist作坚持讲时法suggest
He insisted that I should stay to lunch 坚持留吃晚饭
5This would solve the problem of ventilation for if a train entered this tunnel it would draw in fresh air behind it
draw in 吸进bring没 draw in 形象贴切
6If at the time the British had not feared invasion it would have been completed
虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中现事实相反句般时事实相反句完成时时句格式would have donewouldcouldshould
情态动词加have done 表示推测must have donecan't have done等
7The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel
wait for sb
wait (for) some times
I have waited five minutes (for )
I have waited for you (for) five minutes
I have waited five years for you
Summary writing
1 Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858 How would it be ventilated (The tunnel which…)
4 Did work begin forty－two years later or not Why was it stopped (Though…because)
5 When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened (However)
1 先行词 which 非限定性定语句
The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level
4 Though it was begun (work begin fortytwo years later) it was stopped because…
5 However 起副词作面直接加句子
Composition
1 The English Channel separates Britain from Europe The country has not been invaded since1066 (Thanks to…which)
2 Modern warfare is far more complex Such fears no longer exist(However now that…)
3 Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel
(Both…and)
1 thanks to 幸亏(to介词)
Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe the…
2 now that 然
Howwever now that moden warfare is far more complex such fears no longer exist
现代战争越越复杂然样害怕已存
3 Both Britain and Europe benefit (注意benefit加s)
benefit n 利益处vt 益助vi 受益
Key structures
第3类条件句
第 3类条件句 if句里设想纯粹想事情句里讲述想结果谈没永远结果指没事情第 3类条件句基结构if句完成时句would
have should have +分词：
If it had rained we would have stayed at home
If I had worked harded at school I’d have got a better job
if句中could have +分词代had been able to +动词原形：
I’d have read that book if I could have bought it
特殊结构 suggestinsist 接that句(should+动词原形)
Special difficulties
动词 draw短语
draw vt 拉拖
draw in ……进入吸入
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in 花香味走进家商店
draw back 退缩收回撤回
You must finish the work by yourselves now They have drawn back their people
完成项工作已员撤走
draw up 停住……停住起草制订拟订
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries
draw off 撤走离开
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood
When the others were talking loudly he quickly drew off
★Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police
★versus prep (抗概念)
vs …………（vsversus缩写读音变）
Have you watched the game last night It was France versus Italy
★Christmas n 圣诞节
Christmas Eve 圣诞前夜
Father Christmas 圣诞老
Santa Claus 圣诞老(美国常)（Santa [美]Santa Claus）
★present n 礼物
present gift 礼物
★accompany v 陪伴 行
I'll accompany you to your hotel
I'll accompany you home 陪回家
★approach v 走
① v 走（ come nearer and nearer ）
The old man approaches 80 years old
approach sb 离某越越
He is approaching me
② n 途径 方法
We have found an approach to success
★ought modal verb 应该
ought to do sth 应该(义务)
You ought to knock at the door
should do sth 应该(认)
You should knock at the door
★weigh v 重
sbsth weigh +体重 ……体重重量……
weight n 重量
lose weight 减肥
★fortunate adj 幸运
fortunate lucky 运气幸运
课文讲解
1Last Christmas the circus owner Jimmy Gates decided to take some presents to a children's hospital
take…to ……送
2Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo
dress up as… 装扮成……（样子）
dress up 扮
a guard of honour 仪仗队
of six pretty girls中of表示……组成
A group of six Chinese boys took part in the competition
set off 出发
3He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing
should have done 原应该发生没发生
You should have come earlier
needn't have done 必做做
ought to have done 表示原应该做没做
情态动词+have done关
4A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic
as＝because
hold up the traffic 阻碍交通
If you park the car in the street it’ll hold up the traffic
5Though Jimmy agreed to go at once Jumbo refused to move
agree to do sth 意做某事(to 定式 )
agree with sb 意某（建议等）
I agree with you
agree to sth
I agree to your advice
I agree to go with you
6Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street
get off ……移 （off＝away from 离开什方）
Please get the box off the boat
7'Jumbo must weigh a few tons' said a policeman afterwards 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him Of course we should arrest him but as he has a good record we shall let him off this time'
afterwards ＝later
It was fortunate that… 幸运……
let sb off 饶恕某放…………轻处理
record n 纪录（警察局）记录历史成绩
set up a new world record
sb have a good record 表现贯
Her record as a secretary in the firm isn’t very good
resume n 摘 概略 <美> 履历
vt 继续 重新开始 重新占 恢复
Summary writing
1 What did he decide to take to a children's hospital How did the circus owner Jimmy Gates dress up Did he set off down the main street of the city or did he go down a side street Was he riding an elephant called Jumbo or not (After having and riding)
2 Was he told that he was holding up the traffic or not Did Jimmy agree to go at once or not Did Jumbo agree to go or did he refuse to move How many policemen had to push him off the main street (On being…but…so…)
1 After having decided to take presents to hospital and dressed up as Father Christmas he set off down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo
After面直接加 doing加having done
After knocking at the door After having knocked at the door
decided dressed after having 动词ing 强调时间时
2 On being told that he was holding up the traffic he agreed to go at once but Jumbo refused to moveso fifteen policemen had to push him off the main street
on 加动词前面相as soon as
be done相连
Letter Writing
书信常见语：
I really hate to complain but …
Some time ago I …
Key structures
Must Have to Should and Ought to
must通常现时时时态have to代have tomust更强调客观求外原shouldought to译应该表示义务责某正确行ought toshould语气略强肯定句疑问句否定结构shouldshouldought to +have +分词表示应该做（完成）没做事
He ought to have returned by now
He had to change his plans but he should be returning soon
Special difficulties
带 let短语
let vt 允许
let sb in 允许进
The woman who let me in had a baby in her arms
let sb out 放走释放放出
Every evening they let the dog out
let off 放饶宽恕……轻处理
I think we shall let him off this time 想次饶
The thief never dreamt that the police would let him off
let down ……失（紧关头）抛弃
They need your help Don’t let them down
He failed in the exam again and his parents left let down
agree and accept
agree vi 意（计划建议等）常towith连
They invited me to their wedding and I’ve agreed to go
accept vt 接受收受
She offered me some of her children’s clothes and I accepted them
I don’t accept your opinion agree with your opinion
dress and dress up
dress vt&vt 穿衣扮
Tom has nearly learned how to dressdress himself now
dress up 穿盛装精心扮装扮（成……）
He dressed up as Father Christmas
★Lesson 66 Sweet as honey
★bomber n 轰炸机 炸弹手 轰炸员 投弹手
bomb n 炸弹
★remote adj 偏僻偏远
remote village 遥远村庄
lonely adj 偏僻(孤零零)
lonely island 孤岛
★Pacific n 太洋
Atlantic西洋 Indian ocean印度洋 Arctic ocean 北冰洋
★wreck n 残骸
wreck强调坏没东西 (坏整体完整)wrekage强调坏成碎片东西
★rediscover v 重新发现
re表示 意思review复reread读rewrite改写retell复述等
★survey n 调查(定数关系)
aerial survey 航空调查(数关系)
investigation n 调查研究
★package v ……包
① v ……成包
pack n 包v ……成包
Pack it for me
Wrap it up for me
② n 包
package deal 揽子交易揽子交易中条款
parcel n 包裹(邮局邮寄)
★imagine v 想
① vt 想
Imagine it 想象吧 (口语)
② vt 料想猜想
imagine doing sth 想象……
imagine that + 句 想象……
I imagine you’re like to rest after your long journey
★colony n 群 殖民
colony n 殖民侨民(聚居)群业批行(生物)群体
a colony of ants 群蚂蚁 a colony of bees 群蜜蜂
a colony of artists 群艺术家
a flock of goats 羊群
a herd of cows 群奶牛
a crowd of 群()
★preserve v 保护保存(特殊手段保存)
preserved bean curd 豆腐乳 （bean curd 豆腐）
preserved fruit 果脯 preserved meat 腊肉 preserved fish 腊鱼
smoked fish 熏鱼
keep v 保存保持
Can I keep your photo 保存片
How long can I keep it
Can I keep it for you
Store v 储存保存(便日)
store the cabbage
课文讲解
1In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island a remote place in the South Pacific a long way west of Samoa
crash vi 掉
crash in the mountain 掉山里
a long way to go 长路走
英文中方位感相连介词三 in on to
in 隶属关系
Haerbin’s in the north of China
on指方接触面
Korea is on the north of China
to相离概念
Japan is to the east of China
west of＝to the west of （west of前面没词修饰时候认处相离概念）
2The plane wasn't too badly damaged but over the years the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed
over ……期间中（相duringover数字译超）
over the years 年
over the new year 新年期间 over the Christmas 圣诞期间
over Spring Festival 春节期间
He worked very hard over the last two years
remain+adj remain作系动词be理解
The room remained warm 房间暖
（注意 the room was warm 区 remain 保持意思）
3By this time a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing
by this time 时
in condition 处……状态
in reasonable condition＝in good condition
in perfect condition 处完美状态
in poor confition 状态
Keep the house in good condition
reasonable里表示尚表示价钱时指公道合理贵等
The house is in reasonable condition
The price of the dress is reasonable
be worth doing sth 值……具……价值（表达动含义 动ing表达动含义）
The cake is worth eating
The books are worth reading
4The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France
have sth done 做某事
in parts little by littlebit by bit 部分部分
5Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey still in perfect condition
imagine面直接加宾语
Imagine my excitement when I found my mother outside
Imagine their excitement and delight when the People’s Republic of China was founded
break sth open 开……
cut it open 剪开(信封)
tear it open 撕开(信封)
固定短语中as…as中第as省略
I am busy as a bee （as busy as a bee中第as省略）
sweet as honey 甜象蜜 (文中双关语 注意体会)
sticky as glue 胶水样粘
strong as horse 马样强壮
turn…into… ……变成
When it is cold enough water is turnd into ice
Key structures
役式
役式：have +名词宾语代词 +动词分词役式表示某物（某）……
I have my wallet loststolen 丢钱包
While I’m away I’ll have you looked after 时候会顾
have sth done意思遭遇幸
I have my leg broken 摔断腿
Special difficulties
集合名词
集合名词表示干体组成集合体 family（家庭家）team（队）crew（船飞机等全体工作员）audience（观众）government（政府）staff 全体职员教员）class（班班级）等果强调作整体集体面动词单数果强调组成集体面动词复数
The national team is travelling to London tomorrow 国家代表队明天伦敦
The team are all highly talented young people 全队员天赋极高年轻
The audience is made up of school children 观众学校学生组成
The audience were spellbound by the magic of the performance
观众表演魅力迷住
My family are watching TV
My family is happy
★Lesson 67 Volcanoes
★active adj 活动
active adj 积极
passive adj 消极 动
★violently adv 猛烈 剧烈
violent adj 猛烈 激烈 暴力引起 强暴
violence n 猛烈 强烈 暴力 暴虐 暴行 强暴
★manage v 设法
manage to do sth try to do sth and succeed
I can manage it I can manage it myself I can do it
★escape v 逃脱
① v 逃脱
escape sth
escape death 死里逃生
escape doing sth
He escape punishmentbeing punished
② n 逃脱
narrow escape 九死生
★alive adj 活着
alive 做定语时定放修饰词面 属表语形容词置定语
light ahead 前面灯光
Every man alive has hisher own troubles
living sth 活着……
living elephant 活着象
live
① adj 现场活着（永远连）
live concert 现场演唱会
live fish 活鱼（连）
② v 活着
课文讲解
1Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world
spend some time (in) doing sth 花少时间干……
lifetime n 毕生精力
spend most of his lifetime 花毕生部分精力
spend his lifetime 花毕生精力
in all parts of the world 世界
2Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently
close to 离…………
He parked the car close to the river
Don’t sit so close to the fire
for long＝for a long time
3He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him
He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him
notice that + 宾语句
notice sth
notice sb dodoing sth 注意某做某事正做某事
a river of… ……形成河流
a river of soil and stone 泥石流
Rivers of blood flowed during World war II （rivers of blood 血流成河）
When she heard the news a river of tears came down her face
4It threatened to surround him completely but Tazieff managed to escape just in time
threaten to 威胁着……迹象表明……
He threatened to leave the team 扬言离开队
in time 时just表示正差点
I caught the train just in time
Shall we still be in time forto see the performance
5This time he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures
manage to do sth 设法做某事努力完成某事（然费劲然做完成某事）
try to do sth 设法做某事努力做某事（定成功）
the mouth of Kituro 火山口
so that 便(目状语句)定含情态动词
6Tazieff has often risked his life in this way
risk one’s life 着生命危险
take a risk of… at a risk of… 着……危险
risk sth＝risk losing sth 着失……危险
risk doing sth 着做……危险
7He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive
两相较中 果前者属者 定较时other else 排前者
than any other man alive
Key structures
Can Be able to and Manage to
表示力时cancould时中表示力时通常 will be able to表示成功完成某动作时was able tocould
He thought he could pass the exam easily but he failed
I can’t remember where I’ve seen him
Jane can’t swim yet She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time
manage to表示成功完成某动作时常代 be able to更强调然困难然……否定句中manage tobe able to常互换
He was able to finish the job yesterday （表示）
He managed to finish the job yesterday （暗示克服少困难完成）
What do you think of the film
I’m afraid I haven’t managed tobeen able to see it yet
Special Difficulties
带 saytell短语
1say
表示说讲时say面间接宾语（）果定指明to +名词代词表示道诵读（祈祷）背诵等含义时 saytellsay表达（思想意见等） 说 含义tell没
John is said to be very interested in art
Do you have anything to say about the accident
关次事什想说想法？
He knelt down and said his prayers 跪作祷告
He said goodbye and left 告辞离开
say a good word for ……说话辩护推荐
Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you
2tell 表示说讲时tell 面双宾语tell 常表示讲（实话谎话秘密等）tell表示辨分辨say英国英语中tell the time（美语tell time）表示根钟表等说出时间识钟
Can you tell me anything about it 告诉关事情
He is only five but he can already tell the time
tell (sb) a lie 说谎（谎言数名词）
He often tells lies 常说谎
tell (sb) the truth 讲真话(真话特指 加the)
I want you to tell me the truth 讲真话
tell (sb) the difference between 区分 区
Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris
区分奥斯丁舞莫利斯舞
saytell面so时含义样：
I told you so 告诉样（情况证实）
Who says so 谁说？
I say so 说
★Lesson 68 Persistent
★persistent adj 坚持 固执
stubborn adj 顽固 固执 坚定 坚决 难应付 难处理
You are stubborn 死脑筋
persist v 坚持(顾阻拦味坚持)
persist in doing sth
He persist in making noise
★avoid v 避开
avoid doing sth 避免做……
★insist v 坚持认坚持说（种态度）
vt &vi ①坚持坚决认
insist on doing sth 坚持做……
My brother insist on going with me
He insists on the importance of the meeting
persevere v 坚持坚持懈努力(褒义词)
persevere in sthdoing sth
We should persevere in studying English
perseverance n 坚持懈
vt &vi ②坚决张求定
I insist on speaking to the manager
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut
课文讲解
1I crossed the street to avoid meeting him but he saw me and came running towards me
cross v 穿
I cross the garden
across adv&prep 穿
I go across the garden
avoid doing sth 避免……
come running towards sb 某跑
2It was no use pretending that I had not seen him so I waved to him
It is (of) no use doing… 做……没处做……徒步益
It is no use pretending … 假装……没
It is no use crying over the spilled milk 覆水难收
It is no use punishing him
wave to sb 某招手
3I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做……
appreciate sthdoing sth 喜欢做……
4He never has anything to do
定式做定语 修饰anything定式放定代词面
anything to do sth 做事
anything to eat sth 吃东西 anything to drink 喝东西
5No matter how busy you are he always insists on coming with you
no matter常howwhenwherewhatwho等引导句连译……
No matter how old you are…
No matter where you are…
No matter who you are…
No matter how tired you are your children insisted on listening to stories
insist on doing sth 坚持做……
6I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning
think of a way of doing sth 想做某事方法
think of a way of solving
prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某做某事 某做某事
stop sb from doing sth 某做某事
keep sb from doing sth 某做某事(保持做某事)
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某做某事
7Fancy meeting you here
Imagine meeting you here 真想会见 （fancy＝imagine）
fance+名词表示惊讶
★fance
① vt 设想想
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question
vt ② 想喜欢（指爱）
It’s a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast
8You're not busy doing anything are you
be busy doing sth 忙着做……
反意疑问句回答 根事实回答
9Would you mind my coming with you
WouldDo you mind +动名词if引导句表示客气请求征求意见表示意介意时No not at allCertainly not回答意时委婉说法I’m sorry but…等回答yes I so
Would you mind if I open the windows
Certainly not Sorry but it’s cold here
mind (sb’s) +doing sth 介意某做某事
ing逻辑语四种形式分两类
① 作代词 称代词宾格 形容词性物代词
② 作名词 保持身变 变成名词格
作语时必须格(名词格 形容词性物代词) 作宾语时格 普通格(称代词宾格)
Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me
Would you mind me opening the door
Would you mind myme smoking
Would you mind me making myself at home 介意成家
Composition
1 There was a dentist nearby She knew him well Elizabeth decided to go there She would explain what had happened(As…whom…in order to)
3 Elizabeth left The dentist went into the waiting roomDo you want to have your teeth examined’he askeb Nigel (After…and asked Nigel if…)
1 as() whom(引导定语句)…in order to (目状语)
There was a dentist nearby whom she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened
3 Afrer Elizabeth left the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth examined
Key structure
动名词法
动词动名词作宾语定式动词包括 avoidadmitdenyfancyfinishenjoymind（意）suggeststand（容忍）等
结构通常接动名词 busyworthit is nolittle usebored withinterested ininsist onprevent…from等：
I was looking forward to reading those books
Well you can’t read them so it’s no use thinking about them
动名词逻辑语（动作执行者句子语）：
Please excuse his not writing to you
Do you mind my smoking
comego户外活动相关动名词（climbingdrivingfishingridingshoppingwalking等）表示建议邀请叙事
There’s no point in my coming climbing with you
爬山毫意义 （there’s no point in it is no use）
感知动词（hearseefellwatch等）面宾语加分词结构宾语加带to定式现分词强调动作正发生叙述中时身境定式表示动作发生程结束时间区互相换
★Lesson 69 But not murder
★acquire v 取获学（知识技术语言等）养成（惯等）
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time
acquire a habit of doing sth 养成……惯
Tom acquired a habit of smoking
acquire confidence 获信心
课文讲解
1I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time
a driving licence 驾驶执
2I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully
heavy adj 量密集
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one
3The examiner must have been pleased with my performance for he smiled and said 'Just one more thing Mr Eames Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you As soon as I tap on the window you must stop within five feet'
must have been表示事情猜测
performance n 表现表演工作情况
be pleased with ……满意
They are pleased with his work
The manager isn’t very pleased with his secretary
let us suppose that… 假设……
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire
4The examiner looked at me sadly 'Mr Eames' he said in a mournful voice 'you have just killed that child'
in a … voice ……声调
in a mournful voice 悲伤声调
He told them the news in a sadexcited voice
Key structures
动语态
动语态介词+动名词结构中英语中正式法般口语介词（afterbeforeon）+动名词结构通常相时间状语句果两动作中开始前已完成after +动名词完成式表示第动作果表示先序afterbefore +动名词结构on +动名词通常表示两动作时发生：
The man called the police after being robbed
He killed a child before being arrested
OnAfter being told that her mother was seriously ill she hurried back to England
动语态want 面定式中时to be省略want 动语态时表示希完成说动作：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon
动语态进行时强调动作持续性：
I was being asked about the film all day yesterday
Special Difficulties
Practice and Advice
practice n（反复）练实践实行
Your spoken English will improve with practice
Have they put their plan into practice 计划付诸实施？
practise vt& vi 练常做
Jimmy used to practice (playing) football every afternoon
She practises on the piano for three hours every day
advice n 忠告劝告建议（数名词）
She gave me some good advice a piece of advice about jobs
advise vt& vi 劝告……提供提议
She advised me against going to the party 建议劝参加聚会
Enjoy Entertain and Amuse
enjoy vt 欣赏喜爱享受……乐（名词动名词反身代词动语态）
I enjoy swimming in summer
We’re really enjoying ourselves
entertain vt 款招请客……快乐……娱乐（amuse）
We often entertain friends at weekends
Uncle Sam entertainsamuses the children for hours at a time
萨姆叔叔连时逗孩子乐
My children can entertainamuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other
amuse vt 逗乐逗笑（常动语态）
She was amused by her father’s funny stories
His story amused the children very much
★Lesson 70 Red for danger
★sensitive adj 敏感神敏易生气介意（常to+名词连）
Mary is sensitive to smells
You’re too sensitive 太敏感（太容易生气）
Mary has a sensitive ear
★charge v
① vt &vi 价收费
They charged us too much for repairs
How much do you charge for this dress
② vt 指控指责
The police charged him with murder
He charged Gary with speeding
③ vt &vt 猛攻锋前
The bull charged at the drunk
★bow v 鞠躬
① vt &vt 鞠躬欠身低（头等）
The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed
As she couldn’t answer the question she bowed her head
② vi 步屈服服
Why did you bow to their decision
He finally bowed before money and married the other girl
③ vt 压弯压倒
My mother is bowed with age 母亲年老腰弯背驼
The little tree is bowed with snow
课文讲解
1The crowd began to shout but the drunk was unaware of the danger
be unaware of… 知道没觉察……
While she read the book she was unaware of the noise around her
I was unaware that you were coming 知道
2The bull was busy with the matador at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap
catch sight of… 突然……
As I came out of the shop I caught sight of Dan in the crowd
3The drunk however seemed quite sure of himself
befeel sure of oneself 信心
She’s always so sure of herself
4Apparently sensitive to criticism the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk
sensitive to criticism 挑衅批评敏感
charge at … ……攻击
5The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed
break into cheers 突然喝起彩
break into… 突然发出突然……起
On hearing the news she broke into tears
When Sally saw the woman wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse she broke into laughter
6Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador
look on 旁观观
Many people just looked on while the two men robbed a woman
out of the way 碍事挡路
While making meat pies I always order the children to keep out of the way
做肉馅饼时总命令孩子碍事
Letter Writing
常开头语：
I have not forgotten that…
You will find it hard to believe but…
I am afraid I…
Key structures
forwithoftoatfrominon about连形容词
for 连形容词：eager for（渴）enough for（足够）famous for（……闻名）fit for（合适）grateful forto（……感激）qualified forin（胜）ready forto（准备）responsible for（……负责）sorry for（……感遗憾）sufficient for（充足）thankful forto（感谢）valid for（效期……）
We have enough apples for the children
They were eager for the performance to begin
My aunt is famous for her beauty
with连形容词：angry with sbat sth（某某事生气）busy withat（忙……）consistent with（……致）content with（……满足）familiar withto（……熟悉）patient with（耐心）
popular with（……喜爱）
Why was Mary angry with you
She wasn’t content with her life
Uncle Sam is always popular with children
of 连形容词：afraid of（害怕）ahead of（……前面）aware of（知道）capable of（够）careful ofwith（心）certain of（确信）conscious of（意识）envious of（妒忌）fond of（爱）guilty of（……罪）ignorant of（解）independent of（独立）jealous of（妒忌）kind ofto（……蔼）northsoutheastwest of（……北南东西面）short of（缺乏）shy of（顾虑）sure of（肯定）worthy of（值）
She is careful his coming 注意衣着
I was short of money at that time
to连形容词：close to（接）contrary to（……相反）cruel to（……残忍）dear to（……重）equal to（……相等）faithful to（忠……）fatal to（……致命）harmful to（……害）identical to（……相）indifferent to（……关心）inferior to（劣……）liable to（……义务）new to（……没验）obedient to（……服）obvious to（……清楚）polite to（……礼貌）previous to（先）rude to（……粗暴礼）sensitive to（……敏感）similar to（……相似）useful to（……）
Most people are sensitive to criticism
Though the bicycle is old it is very dear to me 然辆行车破旧珍视
All these words are new to me 单词第次遇
It’s obvious to everyone that he’s lying 家清楚撒谎
My car is similar to yours 车车相似
at 连形容词：bad at（善……）clever at（擅长）efficient at（胜）expert atin（熟练做……）good at（善）indignant at（……感愤慨）quick at（快）sad atabout（……悲伤）slow at（……迟钝）skillful atin（熟练）
I am goodbad at swimming
Tom is quickslow at learning new things
from 连形容词：away from（距……远）different from（……）far from（远离）safe from（危险）
The man was far from comfortable while being confined to the wooden box
闷木箱里时点舒服
in连形容词：deficient in（缺少）fortunate from（……幸运）honest from（……诚实）weak from（……薄弱）
You’re fortunate in having a house of your own
Frank is honest in business
I’m weak inat chemics
on连形容词：dependent on（赖……）intent on（专心……）keen on（热心……）
She was keen on tennis
You shouldn’t be so intent on making money
Are you still dependent on your father
about连形容词：curious about（……奇）doubtful aboutof（……疑问）enthusiastic about（……热心）reluctant aboutto（勉强）right aboutin（……正确）uneasy about（……感安）
She is uneasy about her future 前途担心
I’m doubtful aboutof his words
★Lesson 71 A famous clock
课文讲解
1When you visit London one of the first things you will see is Big Ben the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the BBC
the BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
2If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834 the great clock would never have been erected
the Houses of Parliament 国会厦（英国议会议院（House of Lords）议院（House of Commons）组成）
burn down （）烧成烧毁
The hospital was burned down last month
3Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built
take one’s name from ……命名
Sir英国全名（名字）前时表示爵士（单独姓前）Sir John Gilbert（约翰吉尔伯特爵士） Sir John（约翰爵士）称Sir Gilbert
be responsible for ……需负责承担责
Who is responsible for the accident
John is responsible for the building of the bridge
ing形式前面冠词时直接宾语：making the clocking前冠词时直接宾语必须of：the making of the clock
4It is not only of immense size but is extremely accurate as well
be of… 表示物特征
We are of the same agesize
This letter is of great importance
5Big Ben has rarely gone wrong
go wrong （机器等）发生障出毛病
My watchthe engine of the car has gone wrong
Something has gone wrong with my car
6A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down
slow down （……）慢减速（分开）
He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic
Letter Writing
常见开头语：
I wonder how you learnt that…
You will never guess whowhat…
Special Difficulties
Official Employee and Shop assistant
official n 官员公务员高级官员
Bank officials get high salaries
Before he retired Jeremy had been a governmentcity official
employee n 雇员雇工（包括层次）
Later he became a government employee
shop assistant 零售店店员（美语中 salesclerk）
The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed
HangHung and HangHanged
hang（hunghung） vt 悬挂
I’m hanging this picture on the wall
hang（hangedhanged） vt 绞死吊死吊
As he has murdered three men he ought to be hanged
I wonder why she hanged herself
★Lesson 72 A car called bluebird
★burst v 爆裂
① vi 爆炸爆裂
A tyre burst during the second run
The balloon burst
② vt& vi 突然开
We burst the door open
While I was reading the door burst open and John came in
课文讲解
1The great racing driver Sir Malcolm Campbell was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour the secondthe nextthe last表示高级the bestthe most intelligent 等to引导定式短语做定语词语面接名词one(s)接：
She’s always the first to arrive and the last to leave
You’re the best person to advise me about buying a house
买房子顾问
the only必须接名词one(s)：
You’re the only personone to complain
per 表示通常商业技术语日常语aan：
You can stay at the hotel at 10 per person per night
You must have been driving at seventy miles anper hour
2It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500horsepower engine
30 feet in length 30英尺长
3Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run
have difficulty (in) doing sth 做……困难
He has grown a beard and I had difficulty (in) recognizing him
the first run 开始行程
the next run is forty miles 段赛程40英里
4Following in his father's footsteps many years later Sir Malcolm's son Donald also set up a world record
follow in one’s footsteps 步某尘仿效某继承某事业
He intends to follow in his father’s footsteps and to become a dentist
★Lesson 73 The recordholder
★recordholder 纪录保持者
n+ v+ er 构词法
tennis player
★truant n 逃学孩子逃学者
The three boys who are fishing over there are truants and ought to be sent back to school
play truant 逃学（英）
the boy who played truant 逃学孩子
play hooky 逃学（美）
be absent from class unpurpose 逃学 （unpurpose adv 意）
He did it unpurpose
evade school 逃学
★unimaginative adj 缺乏想象力
imagine v 想象设想
imaginative adj 想象力
She is an imaginative painter
Painters should be imaginative
imagination n 想象力
tive 般形容词缀tion 般名词缀
★shame n 惭愧羞耻
What a shame 真耻
Shame on you 感耻
shameful adj 令羞愧
ashamed adj 感羞愧
put sb to shame 某感羞愧
赞美回答：
Thank you You are flattering me （奖）
You put me to shame （意思）
put sb to trouble 某带麻烦
★hitchhike v 搭便车旅行
hitchhike take a lift 搭便车
hitchhiker n 搭便车
★meantime n 间
in the meantime meanwhile 时
★evade v 逃避逃离
① vt（巧妙）逃脱躲开
She evaded a blow from the man and then called out for help
② vt 回避逃避（尤指）
evade doing sth 逃避做……
He always tries to evade paying taxes
Many children dream of evading school
avoid v 逃避逃离避免
avoid 指通种合理正手段避免做某事evade 指通欺骗手段避免做某事
tax avoidance 避税
tax evasion 逃税
课文讲解
1Children who play truant from school are unimaginative
play truant from school play truant 逃学
As a boy Tom used to play truant (from school)
2A quiet day's fishing or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again is usually as far as they get
动词ing前面果出现定语名词采名词格名词短语身
eight hours' seeing the film
非谓语动词做语律作单数
Three hours in the roomIt is tiring
Three hours(') listening to the teacher is tiring
Three hours in the room listening to the teacher is tiring
Events such as the March 5th shooting at a high school in San Diego bring the problem into focus
三月五日圣亚哥高中学校发生枪击事件问题成焦点
over and over again again and again 次次反复许次
As my grandmother can’t hear very well I had to say it over and over again
as far as +句 程度…………程度……言
As far as I know his operations successful
3They have all been put to shame by a boy who while playing truant travelled 1600 miles
while 引导时间状语句般放前面面放中间加逗号while doing 省略句省略语be 动词语定句语
put…to shame ……蒙羞……相形见绌
What he has done put his parents to shame
He saved the child at the risk of his own life and put all those who looked on to shame
着生命危险救孩子旁观者相形见绌
4He hitchhiked to Dover and towards evening went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep
hitchhike to… 搭便车……
Dover n 佛（英国著名港口）
towards evening 快晚
somewhere to sleep 睡觉方
anything to dodrink 做事喝东西（里 to do 做定语）
5When he woke up next morning he discovered that the boat had in the meantime travelled to Calais
wake up 醒
Calais n 加（法国城市）
in the meantime 期间
I feel tired and would like to take a nap In the meantime you may do some reading
6No one noticed the boy as he crept off
creep off creep away
★creep
① vi 爬行匍匐（爬行似）慢慢前进
The old car crept along the country road
A snake crept into the garden while she was writing a letter
② vi 悄悄蹑手蹑脚走渐渐产生出现
We crept upstairs so as not to wake Grandpa
He noticed that age had crept on him
7The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would but to Perpignan on the FrenchSpanish border
take … into 带……
not…but… …………
as sb hoped 正某希
I became a good teacher as my mother hopes
than sb expected 某期……
Don't ask what the country do for you but ask what you do for the country
the FrenchSpanish border 法国西班牙边界 （边界带属方第国籍确定）
8There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities
pick up 逮捕拘捕
After the accident he was picked up by the police
Letter Writing
封信包含三部分：引言目结束语中重部分目部分中必须说明什写信
Summary writing
5 Fares have increased The railway company is still losing money The employees have demanded higher wages (In spite of the fact that because)
7 I made sure The alarm clock worked I set it It would ring at six o'clock (After making…that…so that)
5 In spite of the fact that fares have increased the railway company is still losing money because the employees have demanded higher wages
fare n 费
in spite of
lose money 亏损
7 After making sure that the alarm clock worked I set it so that it would
alarm clock 闹钟
set the clock 定闹钟
be sure of +n be sure to do sth be sure that
Key structures
简单句列句复合句
简单句英语中句子单位般限定动词语谓语连词and两两动词合简单句根动词成分简单句5种基句型：
① 语 +动词
② 语 +动词 +语补足语：
③ 语 +动词 +直接宾语：
④ 语 +动词 +间接宾语+直接宾语
⑤ 语 +动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语
简单句连接起构成列句列句中存单独句属句句根文求逻辑次序排列句等重独立存常常列句中句成列句采列种方式构成列句：
① 分号
We fished all day we didn’t catch a thing
② 分号面连接副词(短语)howeverabove allin additionas far as等
We fished all day however we didn’t catch a thing
③ 列连词 andbutsoyet等前面常加逗号：
We fished all day but (we) didn’t catch a thing
复合句构成方法简单句连接起复合句组成部分非等重(点列句)中总独立句(称句)属句(称句)句独立存复合句构成方法：
① 连词句句连接起：
If you’re not good at figures it is pointless to apply for job in a bank
果擅计算银行求职毫意义
② 动词定式分词结构非限定性动词短语句构成复合句(非简单句)部分 句形式表现出
To get into a university you have to pass a number of examinations
句分：名词性句关系形容词句副词句
Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant
拥挤度假场令感愉快
Howerver hard I try I can’t remember people’s names
★Lesson 74 out of the limelight
课文讲解
1Out of the limelight
limelight 原义舞台明石灰光引申意义众注目中心里 limelight 指舞台
She has been in the limelight since she became an actress
Although he is a government official he tries to keep out of the limelight
2An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off
river bed指河床名词river 作形容词类似flower bed（花坛）
party作量词时表示行伙群等 a party of touristsboys（群旅游者男孩）等
3Why don't we come more often
Why +don’tdoesn’t +语 +动词？结构提出建议：
Why don’t you change a watch
4'Now you get out of here all of you' he shouted
get out of here 里走开滚出滚开
get fuck out of here 滚出
5'I'm sheriff here Do you see that notice It says No Camping in case you can't read'
I'm sheriff here （sheriff 种官衔官衔前面加冠词）
He is president 总统（官衔）
Who is monitor 谁班长（官衔）
I am a teacher teacher 官衔加定冠词
in case +句 假万……话免防万（常引导条件目状语句句子表示时间时in case面必须现时态 shouldmight）
in case you can't read 非识字
I’m taking a raincoat with me in case I need it
In case he comesshould come give him this letter
6'don't be too hard on us I'm Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves'
be hard on… ……（分）严厉
Don’t be too hard on that child
He is always hard on his employee
Special Difficulties
get关短语动词
get out
① （）出出（反义词get into）
Why don’t you get the dog out
The door is locked I can’t get out
② 走开滚开（常祈句）
Now you get out of here fast
get into 进
I’ve lost my key I can’t get into the house
get on
① 前进进展（get along义）
He is getting on quite well in his new job
② 继续干相处融洽（常 with连）
Tom talked with his brother for a while and then got on with his homework
He’s so difficult I can’t get on with him 扭法相处
get…off 脱取
Please help me to get the box off the boat
When he got the lid off the box he saw a man lying in it
get off 没受重伤重罚逃脱（常with连）
Tom was punished but Jim go off lightly
I can hardly believe that the thief got off with just a warning
get over
① 恢复痊愈
Has your mother got over her illness
② 解决结束（某件愉快必做事）（ 常 with连）
They wanted to get the job over as quickly as possible
get though
① 通（考试测验等）
Have you got through your driving test last week
② 吃掉喝完光
Fancy Helen getting through all the food
公标语 no
公标语通常字数少语言精练表示禁止……时no+名词动名词名词短语No Camping（禁止野营）No Smoking（禁止吸烟）No Parking（禁止停车）No Left Turn（禁止左转弯） 真 正 公 告 牌 标语全部写字母加标点 NO SMOKING等
On public notices we write No Camping instead of Do not camp
公告牌Do not camp No Camping
★Lesson 75 SOS
★survivor n 幸存者(指)
survival n 幸存东西
survive v 生存存活
the person who survived
I learn how to live but now I know how to survive （生存）
I survived after the fire （存活）
survive + sth(灾难) 某种灾难存活着
I survived the fire
The house survived the earthquake
★scene n 现场
① n（事件发生）点现场
A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors
架直升飞机快飞抵出事现场搭救幸存者
These things were found at the scene of the murder
② n 风景景色景象
A beautiful scene always makes me delighted
I have just seen a sad scene
课文讲解
1When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed
off course 脱离轨道
fly off course 飞行偏离航线
During the storm the ship went off course
kill v 杀（仅表示死定杀死火灾等）
Fire in Tokyo Five people killed Ten persons injured（受伤）
murder v 谋杀（意杀死）
2It was the middle of winter
middle of winter 隆冬
middle of summer 盛夏
3Snow lay thick on the ground
lay 系动词thick形容词作表语表示语状态性质
The old man lies ill and neglected in bed
4The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away
miles away 英里外（距离表达方式）
5When it grew dark she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it covering them with all the clothes she could find
turn…into… change sth into … ……变成……
6The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself but it was too small
as…as sb cancould as…as possible ……
He got through as much food as he could and set out
Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can
near to close to
7Early next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal
hear sb doing sth 听见某正做某事
overhead adv 头顶
wonder want to know
8Then she had an idea She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow
stamp out 踩出
out 里副词表示出现显露等
The writer has brought out another book
He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden
SOS Save Our Souls 国际通呼救信号
in the snow 雪
9Fortunately a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town
by radio 通广播
10It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash
long before long long ago 久前
It was not long before + 句 久……（指）
It was not long before he went abroad
It was not long before I finished my homework
It will not be long before… 久……（发生事）
It will not be long before he gets over his illness
before long 久（般时现算久会样）
Before long he will go abroad
shortly before ……前久
shortly after ……立
on the scene 现场（固定短语）
Special Difficulties
表示变成动词
growturngogetcomfall等动词均变成意思法时差
grow表示（逐渐）变get正式：
He has grown fat
He has grown to like studying mathematics
grow dark（变黑）
grow get slowly慢慢变
turn表示（状态性质）改变（成）……变颜色等
Leaves will turn yellow in autumn
A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive
His face turned red
go表示变成（某种状态）通常表示变化：
Some foods go bad easily
The milk went sour
get 口语中较表示成（某种状态）强调变化程（子变） 天气变化般getget cold(变冷)
Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet
come表示变成成达等true连时表示实现
Her dream to swim across the channel has come true
come + truerightloose
The dream comes true 梦想成真
Take it easy Everything will come right
come loose 变松动
fall表示变成……状态
fall + asleepill 坠落梦乡病倒
You fell asleep while I was talking to you
He fell ill last week so he didn’t come to your wedding
★Lesson 76 April Fools' Day
课文讲解
1we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria
go over ……走
I went over to the blind man to help him across the road
2Here you can see two workers who between them have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks
between作介词时含义作……努力结果协力：
Between them they killed the snake
Between us we pulled down the tree 协力树拉倒
3The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains
rain n 雨水雨季季节性雨（常复数）
the September rains 9月雨季
We haven’t had much rain this year
Sometimes spring rains are really annoying 时绵绵春雨真心烦意乱
Special Difficulties
Usual and Usually
usual adj 通常常惯常
It is usual with him to get up late
I parked the car at the usual place
usually adv 常通常
When do you usually have supper
Between and Among
between prep （两者）间
I picked up the receiver between two sticky finger
表示两两间相互关系时between3（3）名词前：
The village lies between a river a mountain and a road
among prep ……中间……环绕（指三者）
The church lies among mountains
Among those boys Dan is the tallest
ManagerDirector and Headmaster
manager n 理
I entered the hotel manager’s office and sat down
director n 董事
Mr Jones is the director of several companies
headmaster n（中学）校长
I haven’t met the headmaster of this school yet
★Lesson 77 A successful operation
★last vi 持续延续（常表示时间名词短语没动语态）
last直接加时间加for+时间
The meeting lasts (for) three hours
The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three yearsuntil 1453
★prove v 显示出
① vi 显示表明
prove +adj
It proves difficult to do the job by herself
prove +to be +adj
It proves to be difficult
② vt 证明证实（面句形容词名词定式等）
I will prove it to you 会证明
We’re been trying to sell our house but it’s proved to be very difficult
You should first prove that you bought these goods here
课文讲解
1The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 BC has just had an operation
BC Before Christ 公元前放年代面
AD 公元放年代前面常常省略
2The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes
that 指代文中出现名词 the mummy指代特指事物时尤较状语句中常 thatthose指代提事物：
The cost of living here is lower than that in London
that ofthose of般较正式文体中：
It's colder than Guangzhou × （北京广州点分身没冷热）
The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou ×
The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou ∨
The texts of Book Two are more difficult than those of Book One
The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain
Temple of Thebes 底斯神庙
3As there were strange marks on the Xray plates taken of the mummy doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease
take plates of sth ……拍片子
take photos of the mountain
take plate 拍片子take photo 拍片
4As there were strange marks on the Xray plates taken of the mummy doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease
find out + 句
die 瞬间动词 段 时 间 连 段时间连必须变成系表结构be deaddiebe doing形式 be doing表示发生动作
He has died for three years ×
die in the accident 死车祸
die of + 死……
die of hunger
die of grief 死悲哀
die from + 外 死……
die from wound （枪伤）
He died from the heart disease
日常生活表达中die of die from互换
5The only way to do this was to operate
way + of 做……方式（做定语）
way + to do 做……方式（做定语）
6The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died
what 名词提问how副词介词短语提问
how 里 of sth提问想what提问died面加of
decide v 做出终判断……判决解决（悬案）
The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty
7They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open but fortunately this has not happened
fear v 害怕（长时间）
cut open 切开
fall to pieces go to pieces 碎成碎片散掉
During the storm the old house fell to pieces
After two years their marriage fell to pieces
Special Difficulties
BC and AD
BC Before Christ 公元前（位年代）
The Romans invaded England in 55 BC
AD anno Domini(in the yeare of the Lordsince Christ was born) 公元前（位年代前）
George I died in AD 1727
SkinLeather and Complexion
skin n 体皮肤指某什颜色皮肤（ complexion互换）
We are wet to the skin
He has a dark skincomplexion
leather n 皮革
Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive
This sofa is made from real leather
complexion n 肤色
Look at her rosy cheeks She has a lovely complexion
Wax and Candle
wax n 蜡（数名词）
All the figures in this shop are made of wax
candle n 蜡烛（数名词）
I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly
★Lesson 78 The last one
★entitle vt ……名取名……题名 ……称号v 授权 授权
entitle + 宾语 + sth ……题名……
The writer hasn’t entitled his new book yet
The book was entitled The Sun Also Rises
call sb sth
name sb sth
★calm v 镇定
calm down 镇定
★nerve n 神
lose one's nerve 失勇气
I lost my nerve
nervous adj 神紧张
mental disorder 神病
★concentration n 集中专心
concentrate v 专心
concentrate on doing sth 集中精力做某事
concentrate on learning English
★suffer v 受苦受害
① vi 受痛苦爱苦难患病
During this time my wife suffered terribly
What is the patient suffering from
② vt 遭受（痛苦损害等）
The village suffered serious damage from the floods
Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district
★temper n 脾气
keep one's temper 发火
lose one's temper 发火
Since his illness he always loses his temper
名词 + ed 形容词：
hottempered 脾气火爆 goodtempered 脾气 badtempered 坏脾气
★appetite n 胃口食欲
appetite for sth 关……食欲 （appetite 表示胃口仅食物言）
I have good appetite for the ice cream 想吃冰淇淋
to one's taste 某胃口
This book is not to my taste
★produce v 出
producetake
★urge v 力劝怂恿
urge sb to do sth 怂恿某做……
persuade sb to do sth 说服劝说某做某事
★satisfaction n 满意满足
satisfactory adj 令满意
★delighted adj 感高兴欣喜
delight n 欣喜高兴
delight + 某高兴
gladhappypleased 感高兴
I'm gladhappypleased
glad 种客套话
Glad to hear that
happy 相稳定种快乐
He is a happy man
pleased 高兴含满足概念
I'm pleased
delighted 突事情感开心
I'm delighted
课文讲解
1After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves
an article entitled 题名……文章
英语中文章名书名中单词第字母均写开头位置连词冠词品词外
lit （lightlight） v 点燃
I lit a cigarette
lighted adj 点燃
This is a lighted cigarette
2My friends kept on offering cigarettes and cigars
keep on doing sth continue doing sth 持续断做
The child was crying loudly but he kept on watching TV
cigar n 雪茄
offer sb sth 某某物
3They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket
make every effort 全力切努力
He made every effort to getat getting the job
make no effort 根作努力毫费力
make no effort to persuade him
She wrote the letter withwithout effort 费力毫费力写封信
make effort + to do sth 努力做……
no matter when whenever 时
no matter who whoever 谁
no matter where wherever 里
no matter how 样
4When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette it was more than I could bear
was more than I could bear I couldn't bear
more than面句形容词时表示超出（口语）：
He was more than pleased with his new room
This was more than I had expectd
5Anyway as Brian pointed out it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking
anyway
Anyway I love him
Thank you anyway
point out explain 指出指明
Why didn’t you point out his mistake to him at that time
He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things
Special Difficulties
keep 关短语动词
keep on +doing sth 反复持续
My friends kept on offering me cigarettes
He kept on saying that he was tired 断说累
keep off ……离开
Keep off the flower bed 请勿进入花坛
Keep your hands off the food 动吃东西
keep away from （……）避开
Why do you always keep away from me 什总躲着？
Keep the children away from the river 孩子河边
keep it up 松劲保持成绩继续
You've made much progress Keep it up 已取进步继续努力
If you keep it up you'll be able to set up a new world record
果保持／松劲创项新世界纪录
keep up with 落……面
Although he walked as fast as he could he still couldn't keep up with his father
然快走父亲
In order to keep up with his classmates he worked harder than ever
学时候更努力
keep out （）留外面（）进入
He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind 挡风关门窗
16000volt power line Keep out 16000 伏高压线
keep in （……）留里面／关屋里出外
It's very cold today We'd better keep in 天冷出
When the dog was kept in it barked loudly 条狗关屋里时狂吠止
★Lesson 79 By air
★plant v 安放
① vt 种植……种植
They planted grass seed on the desolate hills
② vt 放置安置布置
A bomb was planted on the plane
On that day many policemen were planted along the main street
课文讲解
1A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience
take charge (of)… 顾……接开始理
She took charge of the child after his parents died
The new manager will take charge (of the company) from next week
2I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened
倒装句倒装句结构副词+助动词（bedohavecanmust等）+语 +句子余部分
倒装句情况：
① 句首否定似否定副词（neverrarelylittleon no occasionhardlyno sooner…that等）：
Little does he realize how important this meeting is
Never has he got so many letters
On no occasion must you accept any money if he offers it
② 句首only构成词组（ only afteronly then等）：
Only then did I realize what a mistake I have made
Only after she had taken off her coat and hat could I recognize her
果only 加状语放句首倒装语序肯定句语序变成般疑问句语序
It is only in recent years that it gained bad reputation 强调句型
Only in recent years did the tree gain bad reputation 倒装句表示强调
be used to doing sth 惯做某事
3After taking off we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport
take off 起飞
gain height （飞机）增加高度爬高 （gain vt 增加）
The car gained speed when it was outside the town
He has gained so much weight that he decides to go on a diet
touch down （飞机）着陆降落
Don’t stand up before the plane has touched down
4Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened
on board ……（飞机）搭（船飞机火车汽车等）
Tom has never been on board a plane before
Special Difficulties
take关短语动词
take off
① 脱（衣服鞋子等）
Why don’t you take off your coathatglasses
②（飞机）起飞（鸟）飞起
The plane will take off in half an hour
③（嘲弄）模仿（口语）
He takes people off so well he ought to go on the stage
He is always taking his teacher off
He is always making fun of him by imitating him
take after （长相性格等）（父母等）
Jane isn’t easy to get along with She takes after her mother
take up
① 占（时间点等）
This work won’t take up too much of your time
Your books have taken up too much space
② 开始（事产生兴趣等）
He took up tennispainting two years ago
He has taken up French He has begun to learn French
take to 养成……惯开始沉缅（名词动名词）
When did he take to drinkingsmoking
take in 欺骗（口语常动语态）
On one occasion I was taken in
take down 写记
I forgot to take down his telephone number
The reporter took down everything I said
take over 接收接
We all hope that things will get better when the new manager takes over
★Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace
★profit n 利润
① n 利润赢利益
Stores haven’t made as much profit as usual this year
The profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges
② vi 获益益获利
I have profited much from your advicethis book living abroad
课文讲解
1Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851
the Great Exhibition 世界博览会
2The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world for it was made of iron and glass
be different from… ……
be made of… ……制造（指原材料没发生化学变化）
3It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it
of all time 空前史（常形容词高级连表示范围）
He is one of the greatest men of all time
one of 高级+复数名词结构语气直接形容词高级+名词结构缓绝
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year
Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year
4There was also a great deal of machinery on display
machinery n 机器机械装置（集合名词单数动词搭配）
某具体机器machine者a piece of machinery表示：
This is a wonderful piece of machinerya wonderful machine
on display on show 展出陈列
Shall we put all these flowers on displayshow
5There were six million visitors in all and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges
in all 总合计
at the wedding there were over 100 people in all
6It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936
remain里系动词表示保持变然（面形容词名词动名词等）
Why did you remain silentquiet at the dinner party
They all remained standing while the manager talked
Special Difficulties
带on短语：
on displayshow 展出陈列
This is the best dress on displayshow 展出衣服
on business 公（for pleasure相）
Last month he went to New York on business and had little time to visit friends
on foot 步行（by busby carby air 等相）
I usually go to work by car but this morning I went on foot
on duty 值班值班
It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty
on the whole 总总说体
On the whole he is a hardworking student
on fire 起火着火
Soon the whole building was on fire
on purpose 意意特意（ by chance相）
They have come here on purpose to see you
She broke the vase on purpose
on the average 均通常
On the average he works more than ten hours a day
on any account 说（通常否定句）
Do not interrupt him on any account
You mustn’t on any account sign the contract before you read it
on second thought(s) 重新考虑（thought单数复数均）
I intended to go to the party but on second thought(s) I decided to stay at home
★Lesson 81 Escape
★march v 行进
① v（部队）行军行进
② v（威风凛凛容迫）走迅速走
Jane marched out of the room without saying a word
课文讲解
1When he had killed the guard the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes
the prisoner of war 战俘（缩写POW）
2Working rapidly in the darkness he soon changed into the dead man's clothes
change into 换（衣）
He changed into his new dress and went to the party
3Now dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp
up and down 回前
He was worried about his mother and walked up and down in the room
4Lights were blazing and men were running here and there they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped
here and there 处四处
They went here and there looking for the lost child
5The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed
stand atto attention 立正
The students stood atto attention while the headmaster made a speech
Letter Writing
结束语
Please give my loveregards to…
I hope you feel better soon
Special Difficulties
ClothClothes and Clothing
cloth
① n 布布料（数名词）
There’s enough cloth for a skirt
Do you think the cloth will wear well 认布料会耐穿？
② n 抹布桌布（数名词）
Wipe up the mess with a cloth
clothes n 衣服服装（面动词复数形式）
My clothes are mostly bought from abroad
clothing n 服装总称（数名词包括衣服鞋帽等）
He still needs some winter clothing
Salute and Greet
salute v 行军礼（……）敬礼
The guard saluted as the officers passed
The guard saluted the officers
greet v 招呼欢迎迎接
When we arrived the whole family stood up to greet us
He greeted Dan with a nod
Clear and Clean
clear
① adj 清澈明亮晴朗
He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes
Seeing that it was a clear day he drove to the countryside
② adj 清楚明确明
I want to make it clear that I’m not paying the bill
③ adj 畅通障碍危险
You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road
clean
① adj 干净
These cups are not very clean
② adj 污点犯罪历史
He has a clean record 贯表现（没前科）
★Lesson 82 Monster or fish
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
monster n 怪物
sailor n 海员
sight v 见
creature n 动物生物
peculiar adj 奇怪寻常
shining adj 闪闪发光
oarfish n 桨鱼
★claim
① vt &vi（……）提出求认领索取
Has anyone claimed the childwallet
② vt 声称断言
They claim to have seen monsters in the sea
He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet
Text
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish Occasionally unusual creatures are washed to the shore but they are rarely caught out at sea Some time ago however a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line Realizing that this was no ordinary fish the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way When it was eventually brought to shore it was found to be over thirteen feet long It had a head like a horse big blue eyes shining silver skin and a bright red tail The fish which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist is called an oarfish Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet
参考译文
渔夫水手时声称海里妖怪然常常水手讲事付诸笑现时妖怪奇怪鱼异常生物偶尔会岸海极少捕然久前马达加斯加附海里捕条奇怪鱼条渔船条咬住钩强壮鱼拖英里外海面位渔民意识根条普通鱼千方百计受丝毫伤害终弄岸发现身长超 13 英尺长着马样头着蓝眼睛闪闪发光银色皮肤条鲜红色尾巴鱼桨鱼送进博物馆现正接受位科学家检查少活着类动物生活 600英尺深水
课文讲解
1Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea
to have seen定式完成式结构定式完成式定式动作发生谓语动作前情况 定式完成式常believedeclarefindsayseeknowthinkunderstand等动词（动词常动语态）：
I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time
He is thoughtbelieved to have been killed in an air crash
I meantintended to have invited him but I forgot to do so
想算邀请忘记
I hopeplan to have finished by 12
希计划12点钟前已完成（ 相完成时）
2Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish
at times 时偶尔
At times I feel that he is not honest
3Occasionally unusual creatures are washed to the shore but they are rarely caught out at sea
out at sea 远海外海
Don’t sail out to sea in this weather
4Realizing that this was no ordinary fish the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way
no否定意味not (aan)重（名词形容词前系动词 be）
They are no friends of ours 根朋友
This is no easy work 绝件容易干活
5Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet
creature指包含生物动物指时表示怜爱等感情指女性：
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time
Letter Writing
结束语：
I shall be looking forward to hearing fromseeing you soon
I hope you will soon settle down in your (new job school etc)
Special Difficulties
Laugh and Laugh at
laugh v 笑
Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance
laugh at 嘲笑……
Don’t laugh at me
Wash and Wash up
wash
① v 洗洗涤
I must get up and wash
wash oneself 洗澡
Sally can almost wash herself now
②v 走卷走
Occasionally unusual creatures are washed to the shore
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods
wash up
① v 洗餐具
When you phoned she was busy washing up (the dishes)
② v ……岸
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore
★Lesson 83 After the elections
New words and expressions生词短语（9）
election n 选举
former adj 前
defeat v 败
fanatical adj 狂热
opponent n 反者手
radical adj 激进
progressive adj 进步
ex prefix（前缀名词前）前……
suspicious adj 怀疑
★ex prefix（前缀名词前）前……（相 former）
exhusband 前夫 exwife 前妻extaxidriver 前出租汽车司机
exmanager 前理 exheadmaster 前校长
★suspicious adj 怀疑
① adj 猜疑认疑……起疑心疑
Customs officers are suspicious of nervouslooking travelers
Don’t be so suspicious Everything’s all right
② adj 疑令起疑
You get a lot of suspiciouslooking people in this bar
The car crash looks suspicious
Text
The former Prime Minister Mr Wentworth Lane was defeated in the recent elections He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad My friend Patrick has always been a fanaticalopponent of Mr Lane's Radical Progressive Party After the elections Patrick went to the former Prime Minister's house When he asked if Mr Lane lived there the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat the exPrime Minister had gone abroad On the following day Patrick went to the house again The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance when Patrick asked the same question Though a little suspicious this time the policeman gave him the same answer The day after Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question This time the policeman lost his temper 'I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday' he shouted 'Mr Lane was defeated in the elections He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad 'I know' answered Patrick 'but I love to hear you say it'
参考译文
前首相温特沃兹莱恩先生选中击败现退出政界国外朋友帕特里克直莱恩先生激进强烈反者选结束帕特里克前首相住处询问莱恩先生否住里时值班警察告诉位前首相落选出国第二天帕特里克次首相住 处昨天位警察正门口慢慢走帕特里克前问昨天样问题然位警察次点疑心作样回答第三天帕特里克提出前两天完全样问题次警察火昨天前天告诉您着莱恩先生选中击败已退出政界国外 知道帕特里克说喜欢听说出
课文讲解
1After the elections
the elections 选（英文中election常复数形式接表示复数动词指全国性选举般选举单数）
He hopes to defeat his rival in next year’s elections
2The former Prime Minister Mr Wentworth Lane was defeated in the recent elections
former adj 前前前（名词）
Yesterday he received a letter from his former wifeEnglish teacher
Prime Minister 首相
3Though a little suspicious this time the policeman gave him the same answer
步状语句果句语句相谓语带系动词 be语+be 省略原状语句省略形式带分词being：
If possible please let me know by this evening
果话请晚前告诉
Being worried about his child he walked up and down in the room
4This time the policeman lost his temper
lost his temper 发脾气
Letter Writing
结束语：
I am very sorry for all the trouble this has caused you I wish you good luckevery success in…
Special Difficulties
Temper and Mood
temper
① n 脾气性情
This time the policeman lost his temper
Whatever happens remember to keep our temper
My sister is of a calmquick temper 姐姐妹妹性情脾气急躁
The boss is in a temper today 老板天脾气
② n 心情情绪（mood义）
That morning he was in a good moodtemper
mood n 心情情绪意想（做某事）（ temper）
When he is in a bad temper he gets angry easily But when he is in a bad mood he likes to sit alone （bad moodbad temper稍区）
脾气时容易生气心情时喜欢独坐着
At that time I was not in the mood for talkingto talk （temper）
Although Jeremy is wellknown for his great sense of humour he is in no mood for telling funny stories today （temper）
★Lesson 84 On strike
New words and expressions生词短语（11）
strike n 罢工
busman n 公汽车司机
state v 正式提出宣布
agreement n 协议
relieve v 减轻
pressure n 压力麻烦
extent n 程度
volunteer v 动提出愿
gratitude n 感激
Press n 新闻界
object v 赞成反
★relieve v 减轻
① vt 缓解减轻
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent
This medicine has relieved my toothache
② vt ……宽心宽慰松口气
He was much relieved to hear that the operation had been successful
The news relieved te whole family
★volunteer v 动提出愿
① vt &vi 愿动提出愿提供
Some college students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts
After the fire many people volunteered their services
Frank has volunteered for the army
② n 愿参加者志愿者
Are there any volunteers for a try 愿试试？
★Press n 新闻界（集合名词）
Ian is a member of the press
The press isare waiting to see the president 记者等着见总统
Text
Busmen have decided to go on strike next week The strike is due to begin on Tuesday No one knows how long it will last The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent Meanwhile a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts All the students are expert drivers but before they drive any of the buses they will have to pass a special test The students are going to take the test in two days' time Even so people are going to find it difficult to get to work But so far the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast
参考译文
公汽车司机决定星期罢工罢工定星期二开始谁知道会持续久司机声称次罢工直持续工资工作条件问题达成全面协议时候止数认次罢工少会持续星期私汽车车正准备车班提供免费车服务某种程度减轻火车压力时部分学生愿罢工期间驾驶公汽车学生开车手驾驶公汽车前必须通项专门测验学生准备两天接受测验样会感班困难目前止公众已新闻界写信表达学生感激情两提出反意见说学生会车开太快
课文讲解
1Busmen have decided to go on strike next week
go on strike 举行罢工
on strike 罢工
It is not clear yet when the teachers on strike will return to their classrooms
2The strike is due to begin on Tuesday
due adj 预定约定
be due to do sth 定（某时做某事）
The plane is due (to arrive) in London at 9 o’clock
be due to +n …………
Our delay was due to the heavy traffic
3Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work
free ride 免费车
4This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent
to some extent to a certain extent 某种程度
The weather has helped me to somea certain extent
5Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast
object that… 提出异议反
They objected that the book was too difficult for them
object to 名词动名词 反喜欢赞成
A lot of people object to smoking in public places
Do you object to my sitting beside you
Special Difficulties
it 作先行宾语
语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语句型中常 it 作先行宾语真正宾语面动词定式句：
People are going to find it difficult to get to work
常种结构动词：findthinkconsiderfeelmakekeep等：
She felt it right for them to arrest the thief
They consider it impossible to finish the work in three days
★Lesson 85 Never too old to learn
New words and expressions生词短语（14）
inform v 告诉通知
headmaster n 校长
contribute v 捐助援助
gift n 礼物赠品
album n 签名簿相册
patience n 耐心
encouragement n 鼓励
farewell n 告
honour n 敬意
coincidence n 巧合
total n 总数
devote v 致力
gardening n 园艺
hobby n 爱嗜
★inform v 告诉通知
① vt 通知告知
inform sb of sth 通知某……
Who informed you aboutof this
inform that… 通知……
he was informed that he would receive an extra thousand pounds a year
tell sb sth 告诉某某事
tell sb that 告诉某……
② vi 告发检举（ againston连）
He used to inform against his classmates
Several people have informed on him
★devote v 致力
devote to + doing 致力……（to 介词）
I devote myself to teaching
He devoted himself to making money
object to + doing sth
★farewell n 告
farewell n 告见adj 告（goodbye更正式）
Farewell 会路安
He said farewell to his mother and got on the plane
When Frank retired they held a farewell party
★honour n 敬意
guard of honour 仪仗队
in one's honour 纪念某某表示尊重
We will give him a party in his honour
We will give him a dinner in his honour
It's my honour 荣幸
It's my honour to do sth 做某件事情荣幸
It's my honour to talk with you
I'm honoured to do sth 感荣幸
I'm honoured to talk with you
I'm honoured to stand here and give you ★Lessons
I'm honoured to be your teacher
Text
I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster Mr Stuart Page will be retiring next week Pupils of the school old and new will be sending him a present to mark the occasion All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years After he has retired he will devote himself to gardening For him this will be an entirely new hobby But this does not matter for as he has often remarked one is never too old to learn
参考译文
刚刚收母校封信通知说前校长斯图亚特佩奇先生星期退休纪念日子学校学生——老学新学——送件礼物凑钱买礼品名字签签名簿签名簿送校长家里会忘记佩奇先生耐心充满理解会忘记愿学时予亲切鼓励老学准备参加星期四举行告宴会佩奇先生退休前天正执教满 40 年日子真奇妙巧合退休致力园艺说种全新爱没关系正常说样活老学老
课文讲解
1I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster Mr Stuart Page will be retiring next week
former adj 前前
2Pupils of the school old and new will be sending him a present to mark the occasion
student 通指学生pupil 指中学学生
mark the occasion 纪念时候
mark n 标记v 做标记……作记号留痕迹纪念
He marked all the foods which were forbidden with a red pencil
send sb sth 送某……
3All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home
contribute towardsto sth ……捐款提供……
Before his death he contributed a large sum of money to the church
A few of us contributed towards Mary’s present on her birthday
all those who … will do sth ……
All those who want to go on an excursion will sign their names 想郊游签名
All those who will take part in the sports meeting will sign their names
presentgift表示礼物赠品gift 相正式：
She has just received a beautiful birthday present
He made a gift of 60000 to his old school
4We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school
remember sb for sth ……记住某记…………
be willing to do sth 心甘情愿做某事
We shall all remember him for his hard work
5A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday
in one’s honour in honour of sb ……表示敬意纪念某
Many people attended the party in honour of the new manager
This is a farewell performance in her honour
6It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years
It’s is a curious coincidence that… 纯属巧合……真奇异巧合
the day before 前天 two days before 前两天
a total of 总
The money she spent on the dinner party reached a total of 200
7After he has retired he will devote himself to gardening
devote oneself to… 致力……献身专心（to介词名词动名词）
Mary devotes herself to helping the poor
As a boy Jim devoted himself to tennis
8For him this will be an entirely new hobby
entirely completely 完完全全
9But this does not matter for as he has often remarked one is never too old to learn
as +句 正…
As you know… 正知道……
Letter Writing
封信结尾：
I am looking forward to seeing you soon
Best regards
Tom
Best wishesYoursLove结尾
签名必须清楚必须落信末尾面果信写完想作补充写签名面写附言前必须加PS两字母意思
Special Difficulties
Too and Enough
too adv 太分
enough adv 足够十分
tooenough作程度副词too通常位修饰形容词分词前enough位修饰词含定式句型里too常具否定含义enough表示达必程度：
He is too heavy for me to lift
The pear is ripe enough for me to eat
★Lesson 86 Out of control
New words and expressions生词短语（11）
swing v 转
speedboat n 快艇
desperately adv 绝
companion n 伙伙伴
water ski （快艇牵引水橇）滑水
buoy n 浮标
dismay n 沮丧
tremendous adj 巨
petrol n 汽油
drift v 漂动漂流
gently adv 缓慢轻轻
★swing v 转
① vt &vi（……）摆动摇动
He can’t stand those who swing their legs while eating
She tried to swing the baby to sleep
② vt &vi 突然转……转转身
The man tried to swing the speedboat round
He swung round and looked at the two men
Text
As the man tried to swing the speedboat round the steering wheel came away in his hands He waved desperately to his companion who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea The speedboat had struck a buoy but it continued to move very quickly across the water Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed In less than a minute it roared past them only a few feet away After it had passed they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle On this occasion however it had slowed down considerably The petrol had nearly all been used up Before long the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water
参考译文
试图快艇转弯时方盘脱手绝伙伴挥手伙伴15分钟里直滑水两没意识究竟发生什事情猛抛入海里快艇撞浮标水面快速行驶着两刚开始岸边游突然惊愕发现快艇正转着圈行驶现正惊速度直驶1分钟工夫离英尺远方呼啸着驶快艇快速度前游知道快艇马转回刚刚游出危险区快艇转完圈然次速度慢汽油已光没久噪音便彻底消失快艇开始水面慢悠悠漂流
课文讲解
1Out of control
out of 失欠缺
We are out of bread
He has been out of work for two months
The plane got out of control and crashed in the mountains
2As the man tried to swing the speedboat round the steering wheel came away in his hands
come away 脱落离开脱离脱开
When I tried to lift the suitcase the handle came away
3On this occasion however it had slowed down considerably
on this occasion 次
4The petrol had nearly all been used up
use up 耗光完
They have just bought a house and a car They must have used up all their money
up表示彻底完全动词连：
The child soon ate up the cake
She burned up all his letters
Can you read up the book in two hours
5Before long the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water
drop vi 减少变弱消失
When he saw that Mary was annoyed his voice dropped
We had to stay at home before the wind had dropped
Special Difficulties
Enough and Fairly
enough表示足够形容词副词某种目含义
I’m old enough to know I’m doing
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough 车站够早（误火车）
fairly表示相通常修饰表示肯定意义词：
The water in the pool is fairly warm but not warm enough to swim in
He is fairly quick but not quick enough to take part in the race
★Lesson 87 A perfect alibi
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
alibi n 犯罪现场
commit v 犯（罪错）
inspector n 探长
employer n 雇
confirm v 确认证实
suggest v 提醒
truth n 真相
★alibi n 犯罪现场场证明时场申辩（数名词）
Ian had an alibialibis for that morning
★commit v 犯（罪错）
① vt 犯（罪）做（错事坏事等）
He has never committed any crime before
A murder was committed at 8 o’clock this morning
② vt 承诺承担义务卷入（常反身代词连）
You should know each other better before committing yourselves to marriage
He has committed his friend to taking part in the race
★confirm v 确认证实
① vt 证实确定
My employer will confirm that I was there on time
His words are confirmed
② vt 巩固加强
His experiences in that company that confirmed his decision to have a factory of his own
What he saw and heard that night confirmed his belief that the pub was haunted
Text
'At the time the murder was committed I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train to London' said the man 'Do you always catch such an early train' asked the inspector 'Of course I do' answered the man 'I must be at work at 10 o'clock My employer will confirm that I was there on time'
'Would a later train get you to work on time' asked the inspector
'I suppose it would but I never catch a later train'
'At what time did you arrive at the station'
'At ten to eight I bought a paper and waited for the train'
'And you didn't notice anything unusual'
'Of course not'
'I suggest' said the inspector 'that you are not telling the truth I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train but that you caught the 825 which would still get you to work on time You see on the morning of the murder the 8 o'clock train did not run at all It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line'
参考译文
凶杀发生时候正坐8点钟开伦敦火车说
您总赶样早火车？探长问
然回答必须10点钟班雇会证明时
晚点车送您时班？
认晚点车
您点钟火车站？
7点50分买张报纸等着车
您没注意什异常情况发生？
然没
提醒您探长说您讲实话您 8点钟火车 8点 25分次车样您时班您凶杀发生天早晨8 点钟次车根没发芬格林车站出障取消
课文讲解
1And you didn't notice anything unusual
陈述疑问句：
You’re out of work
定代词anythingsomething等形容词修饰时形容词必须定代词：
This isn’t anything important
I’d like something cheaper
2I suggest' said the inspector 'that you are not telling the truth
I suggest (that)… ……恐怕……
I suggest that he is not so honest as he looks
I suggest that the car crash was not accidental
3You see on the morning of the murder the 8 o'clock train did not run at all
you see口语中常作插入语出现句首句中句尾均表示知道事实等含义：
He was not really interested in film you see
My leg isn’t all right yet you see so I can’t climb the hill with you
run指火车公汽车船等定时定期行驶（两间）：
This ship runs between Dover and Calais
★Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine
New words and expressions生词短语（12）
trap v 陷入陷困境
surface n 面表面
explosive n 炸药
vibration n 震动
collapse v 坍塌
drill v 钻孔
capsule n 容器
layer n 层
beneath prep
lower v 放降低
progress v 进展进行
smoothly adv 利
★collapse v 坍塌
① vi 倒塌
If explosives are used vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse
With no one to repair it the old church collapsed long ago
② vi（精疲力竭）倒（身体等）垮掉
After many years’ hard work my mother’s health collapsed
He had run more than forty miles As soon as he was out of danger he collapsed
Text
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives However rescue operations are proving difficult If explosives are used vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil they would have completed the job in a few hours As it is they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go Meanwhile a microphone which was lowered into the mine two hours ago has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives Though they are running out of food and drink the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they would lose heart
参考译文
6困矿井里已17时果快救面丧生然事实证明营救工作非常困难果炸药爆破震动会引起矿顶塌落营救员矿井北侧钻洞准备种特制容器6救果土壤面层坚硬岩石营救工作仅时完成实际情况已连续钻16时离钻透早着呢 时两时前放井麦克风井亲属保持联系然食物饮料快消耗心情坚信快会出直告知营救工作进行非常利果知道钻透坚硬岩石困难会丧失信心
课文讲解
1However rescue operations are proving difficult
rescue operations 营救工作
prove vt 证明结果
What he had told us proved false
2Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine
therefore adv （独立位动词前）
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive
His parents gave him some money and he was therefore able to buy a car
so conj （放动词前）
We arrived early so we got good seats
3As it is they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go
as it is as it was 事实实际
I thought they would help us As it was they just sat there and looked on
I promised to return books yesterday As it is I won’t be able to do so until next Monday
4Meanwhile a microphone which was lowered into the mine two hours ago has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives
enable vt ……够
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies
前缀 en加名词形容词前词成动词 endanger（危遭受危险）enlarge（扩扩展扩充）enslave（奴役成奴隶）entrap（……入陷阱圈套欺骗）
keep in touch with ……保持联系（stayget等动词）
George is in close touch with Ian
Can you get in touch with the company
5Though they are running out of food and drink the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon
run out of 完
6If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they would lose heart
lose heart 失丧失信心勇气泄气灰心
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves the soldiers lost heart at once
Special Difficulties
run关短语
run out of 完耗
They are running out of food and drink
He has run out of money
run after 追赶追逐
Seeing that his sister was annoyed he ran after her to apologize
run over ……驶辗
The car ran over a snakehis legs
run in 试车试转（发动机等）
John is running his new car in
Run in the engine before you start work
run into 偶然碰见
I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop
He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy
★Lesson 89 A slip of the tongue
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
slip n 错误
comedy n 喜剧
present v 演出adj 出席场
queue v 排队
dull adj 枯燥味
artiste n 艺
advertiser n 报幕员
★slip n 错误失误疏漏
You’ve made some slips (of the pen) in your report
When he was nervous he would sometimes make a slip of tongue
Text
People will do anything to see a free show even if it is a bad one When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P and U Bird Seed Company we all rushed to see it We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began Unfortunately the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone As soon as he opened his mouth everyone burst out laughing We all know what the poor man should have said but what he actually said was 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company Good ladies evening and gentlemen
参考译文
总想办法花钱演出——怕拙劣演出皮尤鸟食公司影院演出喜剧节目消息传开赶紧跑观排时进场演出开始前场肯定已百幸次演出乏味演出没进场没必感失应该出场专业演员没天晚唯趣事情节目开始时报幕员开场白显然非常紧张局促安麦克风前站分钟刚开口说话便哄堂笑起明白怜应该说什实际说： 浦伊’鸟食公司女士晚先生
课文讲解
1A slip of the tongue
a slip of the tongue 口误说走嘴失言
Are you sure that it was just a slip of tongue 确信时口误？
2People will do anything to see a free show even if it is a bad one
anything肯定句时表示什事情to see a free show表示目 for +名词形式：
He will do anything to save his child’s life
He will do anything for the child
3When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P and U Bird Seed Company we all rushed to see it
get round get aroundabout 四处传遍（消息谣言等）传开
The word soon got round that there was buried treasure in that cave
Bad news gets round quickly
4As soon as he opened his mouth everyone burst out laughing
burst out 突然……起（面常接动名词ininto+名词）
When she heard that her father had died in the accident she burst out crying
At the sight of the drunk everyone burst out laughingin laughter
Special Difficulties
Free and Single
free
① adj 免费偿
She has got some free ticket to the comedy show
The people are free to choose who will govern them
② adj 没束缚受控制空闲
You are free to make your own decision
I’m free on Friday evening
single adj 单身独身未婚
I enjoy being single
Are you married or single
a single parent 单亲（独养育女父亲母亲）
Queue and Row
queue
① vi 排队
We had to queue for hours to get in
She has to queue for the bus every morning
②n（序等车等）行列队（通常队）
There’s a long queueline of people waiting for the bus
We’d better join the queue for tickets
row n（物）排行（通常横）
You can see me in this old photo standing in the back row
Please put the desks in four rows
Funny
① adj 趣滑稽逗发笑（amusing义）
He included a large number of funny stories in his speech
② adj 反常古怪奇怪（口语）
I thought there was something funny about the parcel so I phoned the police
This morning I saw her wearing a funny hat which looked like a lighthouse
★Lesson 90 What's for supper
New words and expressions生词短语（15）
chip n 油煎土豆片
overfish v 度捕捞
giant adj 巨
terrify v 吓恐怖
diver n 潜员
oil rig 石油钻塔
wit n （复数）理智头脑
cage n 笼
shark n 鲨鱼
whale n 鲸
variety n 品种
cod n 鳕
skate n 鳐
factor n 素
crew n 全体工作员
★overfish v 度捕捞
over 做前缀表示度
overdressed 扮份 welldressed 扮
I overcook the rice 饭做糊
You overdid it 分
★giant adj 巨
giant huge quantity
biglargegreathugeimmensefantastic
tremendous adj 巨（相信惊讶）
enormous adj 巨（相信惊讶）
This is a tremendous shoe
This is tremendous and enormous
giant n 巨adj 巨样
★terrify v 吓恐怖
terrifyhorrify 恐惧（语吓者宾语吓者）
The thiefrobber terrified me
The snake terrified me
fearbe afraid of 害怕……（语）
frightenscare 吓跳（语物吓跳快恢复静语吓者宾语
吓者）
You frighten me 吓跳
★wit n（复数）理智头脑
out of one's wits 吓半死
The snake terrified me out of my wits
She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire 火吓惊慌失措
Are you out of your wits 疯？
beat sb to mummy 半死失理智惊慌失措
★variety n 品种（品种样性）
variety show 综艺节目
various all kinds of adj 种样
★crew n 全体工作员（指飞机船工作员）
staff n 办公室全体工作员
crew staff 属集合名词会做单数会做复数
★special
① adj 特殊特独特
He received special care while in Paris
② adj 专门特制专
Special cages are made to protect them from giant fish
Text
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain but as the oceans have been overfished fish has become more and more expensive So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters The fish are not sharks or killer whales but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes sometimes as much as twelve feet in length Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs As a result the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water Who eats who
参考译文
油煎鱼加炸土豆片直英国喜爱道菜着海洋里滥捕滥捞鱼已变越越昂贵听说北海石油钻井台潜水员受巨型鱼类恐吓确实吃惊钻井台需常修理潜水员常常水面100英尺摸黑工作工作时撞身鱼吓惊惶失措现特制笼子保护免受鱼侵袭鱼鲨鱼逆戟鲸深受喜爱食鱼品种鳕鱼鳐鱼长出奇时长达 12 英尺鱼长 3素造成：海底热输油道附温暖海水钻井台工作员抛海里充足食物钻井台周围根没捕鱼船结果鱼爱温暖水流中吃呀吃长呀长究竟谁吃谁呢？
课文讲解
1What's for supper
What's for breakfast
I have eggsnothing for breakfast
2Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain but as the oceans have been overfished fish has become more and more expensive
fish and chips（鱼炸土豆片传统英国食物道菜）作整体然 chips 复数形式面动词单数形式
dish 里指盘菜菜肴 食 品 ：
I like French dishes 喜欢（吃）法国菜
Would you like a sweet dish 您盘甜食？
more and more 越越……（音节more and more 加原级）
more and more interesting
I love you more and more each day as time goes by
着时间流逝天越越爱
fatter and fatter 越越胖（单音节直接加er然 and 连接）
3So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs
it comes as a surprise + to do sth that 某事令惊讶
It comes as a surprise that it rainssnows
It comes as a surprise to have four ★Lessons in three hours
令吃惊表达：
① to one’s surprise
② The most surprising thing about it is that
③ get a surprise
④What a surprise it is
⑤It comes as a surprise + to do sth that
4Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water have been frightened out of their wits by giant fight bumping into them as they work
bump into
① 碰撞
Wandering in darkness the drunk bumped into a policeman
醉汉黑夜中闲荡时撞警察身
② 偶然遇见碰见（口语）
I bumped into Jane at the conference 开会时碰见简
5Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters
protect sb from + n 保护……受侵害（protect常 fromagainst连）
This coat will protect you against the cold
He tried to protect the child from the rainthe dog
6The fish are not sharks or killer whales but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes sometimes as much as twelve feet in length
not…but… …………
eating adj 供食宜生食
favourite eating variety 深受喜爱食品种
Eating corn is quite sweet 食玉米香甜
These are eating apples and those are cooking applesones
生吃苹果烹饪苹果
grow to 长
as much as ……样（限度）+ 数字
as much as five meters tall
as far as + 句
as far as I could get
长宽高深表达方式
①数词 + 量词 +adj
two feet deep
②数词 + 量词 + in + 名词
long length high height wide – width deep depth
two feet in depth
7Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs
cause sb to do sth 导致……
grow + adj 变……
grow large
plentiful supply of… ……充足供应
plentiful supply of moneyworkers
throw sth overboard throw away 扔掉
throw the rubbish overboard
total里表示完全彻底（相complete）
His letter is a total surprise to her
That girl is a total stranger to me
absence of 缺少存
These plants don’t grow well because of the absence of rainsunshine
total absence of… 完全没……
total absence of mind 心焉
The total absence of mind caused him to fail the exam
the total absence of order… 没秩序
8As a result the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water
as a result so 结果
He didn’t work hard at mathematics As a result he failed in the examination
as a result of because of ……
As a result of his hard work he succeeded
Special Difficulties
作整体and连接两名词
语and连接两名词时谓语通常复数形式：
An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed
名词常起连成整体（单位）成种复合名词仅固定词序面谓语动词通常单数形式类复合名词：bacon and eggs（咸肉鸡蛋）bread and butter（面包黄油）cheese and wine（奶酷葡萄酒）fish and chips（鱼油炸土豆片）a knife and fork（副刀叉）sausage(s) and mash（香肠土豆泥）通常作单数道菜套东西
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain
果两名词成分开东西动词复数：
Fish and chips make a good meal
★Lesson 91 Three men in a basket
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
balloon n 气球
royal adj 皇家
spy v 侦察
track n 轨迹踪迹
binoculars n 远镱
★spy v 侦察
① vi 暗中监视侦察（通常onupon连）
I noticed some policemen spying on the foreign tourists
② vt 发现见
She spied a cloud of smoke in the distance
He spied a stranger in his garden
③ n 间谍密探
He was once a spy for the policeBritish government
They have arrested three spies
Text
A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby He informed the station at once but no one there was able to explain the mystery The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars When the balloon was over the station the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs Soon afterwards the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield The police were called in but they could not arrest anyone for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station As the Commanding Officer explained later one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing
参考译文
飞行员发现气球正飞附皇家空军基马情况报告该基里没解释底回事控制塔官员知消息非常气愤气球飞机造成极危险说正基进行侦察命令飞行员踪奇怪飞行物飞行员设法绕着气球飞阵清气球面 3呆筐里中举着远镜气球飞基空时飞行员见拍久气球开始降落停机坪附着陆警察召逮捕筐里两名国会议员名基指挥官正指挥官解释样基半边知道半边正干什
课文讲解
1A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby
seem to be doing sth 似正做……
She seems to be looking for somebodysomething
make for 走飞……前进
After leaving Calais the ship made for Dover
2He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object
keep track of 踪追踪保持联系记录（反义词lose track of）
Keep track of the man wearing a grey hat He looks suspicious to me
She managed to keep track of her friends
3He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars
make out （勉强）出辨认出听出
I can’t make out the boss’s handwriting
In the darkness of night he could just make out three men coming toward them
4The police were called in but they could not arrest anyone for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station
call in 召
When he discovered that some important thins were missing in his room he called the police in
Sam has a temperature We’d better call in a doctor
Special Difficulties
make连短语
make out
① 写出填写（相write out）
He made out a cheque of 1000 dollars and gave it to the secretary
②（勉强）出辨认出听出理解
Can you make out what they are talking about
I can’t make out the boss’s handwriting
Jane is angry again Sometimes I can’t make her out at all Her moods change quickly
I could not make out what he said
make up
① 编造捏造虚构
Every time he played truant Tom would make up an excuse
②（……）化妆化装
She always makes herself upmakes up her face before going out
Making up takes up a lot of her time
make up for 补偿弥补
I had to walk faster to make up for lost time
She managed to make up for her mistake
make for （匆匆）走……前进
While the thief was making for his car a policeman stopped him
★Lesson 92 Asking for trouble
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
fast adv 熟（睡）
ladder n 梯子
shed n 棚子
sarcastic adj 讽刺讥笑
tone n 语气腔调
★tone n 语气腔调
① n 语气口气腔调
The policeman answered in a sarcastic tone
② n 语调声调
You should use the risingfalling tone at the end of this sentence
③ n 格调风格气氛
Her dress has a bright tone
The building has a foreign tone
Text
It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell but she was fast asleep so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden put it against the wall and began climbing towards the bedroom window I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said 'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night' I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman I immediately regretted answering in the way I did but I said 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night' 'So do I' answered the policeman in the same tone 'Excuse my interrupting you I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy working but would you mind coming with me to the station' 'Well I'd prefer to stay here' I said 'You see I've forgotten my key' 'Your what' he called 'My key' I shouted Fortunately the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me
参考译文
回家时肯定已凌晨两点左右响门铃试图唤醒妻子睡熟花园棚里搬梯子墙边开始卧室窗口爬快爬窗口时面讽刺口吻说： 必 夜 里 时 候 擦 窗 子 吧 面清警察时差点梯子掉回答话马悔该样说样说： 喜欢夜里擦窗子 警察样声调回答请原谅断您忙着干活时愿意断请您警察局趟？ 更愿意呆说您瞧忘带钥匙 什？声问 钥匙喊道 幸运喊声惊醒妻子警察开始爬时开窗子
课文讲解
1Asking for trouble
ask for trouble 找麻烦计苦吃（口语）
The boss seems to be annoyed To talk to him now is to ask for trouble
2I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night
动词thinkbelieveexpectsuppose等接表示否定意思宾语句时通常句中否定形式译成汉语时否定意义宾语句中
I don’t believe he is still in London
need表示需时面接动名词动含义
need cleaning need to be cleaned
3I immediately regretted answering in the way I did but I said 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night'
regret doing sth 悔做……（已发生事情表示悔）
I regretted saying it almost at once
regret to do sth 遗憾……（现发生事表示抱歉）
We regret to inform you that you needn’t come here next week
rememberforget +to do sth 指末动作
I remembered to post the letters 记着邮信（ 没 忘 记 ）
I forgot to ask Tom 忘问汤姆
rememberforget doing sth 指动作（已发生）
I remember postinghaving posted the letters
Have you forgotten meetinghaving met her at a party
忘记次聚会见？
stop to do sth 指目
On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper
stop doing sth 停正做动作
When he told us the story we just couldn’t stop laughing
Special Difficulties
列补充句反应句soneithernor
soneithernor 列补充句表示反应句子时表示样so肯定句neithernor 否定句面省略形式分句助动词+语情态助动词+语：
John can speak French and so can I
I didn’t got to the meeting last night
NeitherNor did I
You shouldn’t work so hard and nor should I
★Lesson 93 A noble gift
New words and expressions生词短语（13）
noble adj 高尚壮丽
monument n 纪念碑
statue n 雕
liberty n
present v 赠送
sculptor n 雕刻家
actual adj 实际真实
copper n 铜
support v 支持支撑
framework n 构架框架
transport v 运送
site n 场
pedestal n 底座
★support v 支持支撑
① vt 支持支撑（某具体东西）
The actual figure was supported by a metal framework
Feeling weak she supported herself against a desk and rested for a short time
② vt 拥护赞成支持（想法等）
He made the right decision Unfortunately nobody supported him
I supported his opinion that another bridge should be built over the river
③ vt 抚养供养赡养
You need a high income these days to support a large family
My son can support himself now
Text
One of the most famous monuments in the world the Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France The great statue which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi took ten years to complete The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel Before it could be transported to the United States a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour By 1884 a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris The following year it was taken to pieces and sent to America By the end of October 1886 the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi Ever since then the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America
参考译文
世界著名纪念碑女神雕19世纪时法国民赠送美国座雕家奥古斯特巴索尔设计巨雕 10 年时间雕刻成座雕体铜制成艾菲尔特制金属框架支撑着雕运美国前必须选块场时必须建造基座场选纽约港入口处鸟 1884 年座高度达 151 英尺雕巴黎竖立起第二年拆成干块运美国 1886年10月底座雕重新组装起巴索尔正式赠送美国民时起座伟纪念碑通纽约港进入美国定居千百万说直象征
课文讲解
1One of the most famous monuments in the world the Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France
the Statue of Liberty 女神
the people指某国家民指复数时通常加 the
A lot of Few people went to their wedding
2The following year it was taken to pieces and sent to America
take…to pieces ……拆卸开拆散
This machine is too large to be transported in whole It has to be taken to pieces first
3By the end of October 1886 the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi
put…together ……装配起（take…to piece反义词）
I can’t put the broken vase together 法碎花瓶重新拼起
4Ever since then the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America
ever since then
make one’s home in… ……安家落户
Ian (has) left England and made his home in China
Special Difficulties
形音词
许词作名词作动作词词类时发音尤重音位置会变化词：
accent v 重读 n 重音
conduct v 指挥导电 n 行
conflict v 突 n 突
contest v 争夺竞争 n 赛
contrast v 形成 n
export v 输出出口 n 出口
increase v 增加 n 增加
insult v 侮辱 n 侮辱
present v 赠送 n 礼物
product v 生产 n 农产品
protest v 抗议 n 抗议
record v 记录录音 n 记录唱片
refuse v 拒绝 n 垃圾
transport v 运输运送 n 运输
★Lesson 94 Future champions
New words and expressions生词短语（9）
instruct v 指导传授
Los Angeles 洛杉矶
reluctant adj 勉强愿意
weight n 重物
underwater adj 水
tricycle n 三轮车
compete v 赛抗
yard n 码
gasp v 喘气
★instruct v 指导传授
① vt 指导教传授
Children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age
Dan instructs chemistry at a nearby college
vt ② 批示命令吩咐
The doctor instructed Jimmy to stay in bed for a week
I’ve been instructed to give you this parcel
★compete v 赛抗
vi ①赛抗（通常withagainst连）
The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool
During the singing contest Mary competed with Helen for the first prize
vi ② 匹敌媲美（通常with连否定句）
Hugh’s house can’t compete with yours
None of his later books can compete with his first one
Text
Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool Many pedal their tricycles but most of them prefer to push or drag them Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell Meanwhile they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air
参考译文
实验证明童时候开始学游泳洛杉矶特设游泳池里孩子甚没学会走路时已熟练水屏住呼吸两月婴未显愿意入水快便适应游泳致捡起池底物品幼游泳运动员非常喜爱种游戏水三轮车赛三轮车排放7英尺深游泳池底孩子赛谁先达游泳池端孩子脚蹬车数孩子更愿意推拉着三轮车孩子够跑完游泳池全长露出水面换气否成奥林匹克冠军时间作出回答时中游 5 码已喘气应该种鼓舞
课文讲解
1At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk
expert atin doing sth ……方面专家熟练者
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
Last night when I heard a strange noise coming from the bar I held my breath and listened carefully
2It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool
not long before 久快
be accustomed to ndoing sth 惯适应
He soon became accustomed to his new job
My mother is accustomed to getting up early
3A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race
be popular with… 深受……欢迎……喜爱
Mary is popular withamong children
Swimming is popular with these girls
4Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water
line up （）排成行排队
Why are people lining up over there
Line these chairs up please
5The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool
compete against ……竞争……抗衡
6Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once
come up for breath 升水面换气
7Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell
倒装句宾语句置句首通常疑问词引导宾语句会种句型：
What made him do it no one knows
How they found out the truth only George can tell
★Lesson 95 A fantasy
New words and expressions生词短语（12）
fantasy n 幻想事
ambassador n
Escalopia n 艾斯卡罗亚（虚构国名）
frightful adj 怕令吃惊
fire extinguisher 灭火器
drily adv 冷淡枯燥味
embassy n 馆
heaven n 天天堂
basement n 室
definitely adv 肯定
post v 派
shot n 子弹
★post v 派
vt ①派委派（连）
I must definitely get that fellow posted
Two months ago Horst was posted to Paris
vt ②邮寄（物连美语 mail）
He posted me a Christmas card last year
Would you please post this parcel for me
★aim
vt ①&vi（……）瞄准准
He aimed a fire extinguisher at me
He aimed at the dog but missed
vi ②目标志
What he aims for is money 追求金钱
She aims to be a painter
n ③目目标志
What is your aim in life
You’ve missed your aim again
Text
When the Ambassador of Escalopia returned home for lunch his wife got a shock He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state 'What has happened' she asked 'How did your clothes get into such a mess' 'A fire extinguisher my dear' answered the Ambassador drily 'University students set the Embassy on fire this morning' 'Good heavens' exclaimed his wife 'And where were you at the time' 'I was in my office as usual' answered the Ambassador 'The fire broke out in the basement I went down immediately of course and that fool Horst aimed a fire extinguisher at me He thought I was on fire I must definitely get that fellow posted' The Ambassador's wife went on asking questions when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husband's hat 'And how can you explain that' she asked 'Oh that' said the Ambassador'Someone fired a shot through my office window Accurate don't you think Fortunately I wasn't wearing it at the time If I had been I would not have been able to get home for lunch'
参考译文
艾斯卡罗亚国回家吃午饭时夫吓跳面色苍白衣服搞成样子 发生什事？问衣服搞塌糊涂？ 灭火器弄亲爱冷冷回答天午学生放火点着馆 天啊夫惊时什方？ 常样办公室里回答说室突然着火然马傻瓜霍斯特灭火器准认着火定家伙发走 夫继续提出问题突然发现丈夫帽子洞 作解释呢？问 嘛说办公室窗户开枪真够准？幸亏时没戴帽子果真戴着现回家吃午饭
课文讲解
1How did your clothes get into such a mess
get into a mess 搞样糟
When she returned from the market the children had got the room into a terrible mess
Why was her hair in such a mess
2University students set the Embassy on fire this morning
set…on fire 放火……燃烧放火烧……
In 1834 someone set the Houses of Parliament on fire
3The fire broke out in the basement
break out （火灾战争等）突然发生爆发
When the fire broke out in the ship Sally was frightened out of her wits
4I went down immediately of course and that fool Horst aimed a fire extinguisher at me
aim…at ……瞄准
5Someone fired a shot through my office window
fire v 发射（枪弹等）
When the prisoner of war tried to escape a guard fired a gun at him
A young man fired on the British Ambassador to Japan
★Lesson 96 The dead return
New words and expressions生词短语（3）
festival n 节日
lantern n 灯笼
spectacle n 景象壮观场面
★drift
vi ①漂流漂移
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea
The boat drifted gently across the water
vi ②漂泊游荡
He has lost his job and just drifts in the city all day long
He drifted from France to Italy
★guide
① vt ……领路
The old man guided the explorers through the forest
These lanterns will guide the dead on their return journey to the other world
vt ② 指导（……行动）影响（……决策等）
We should be always guided by truth 应该永远受真理指导
Don’t let your wife’s opinion guide your actions
Text
A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan This festival is a cheerful occasion for on this day the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey food is laid out for them Speciallymade lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way All night long people dance and sing In the early morning the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it In towns that are near the sea the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before are placed into the water when the festival is over Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world This is a moving spectacle for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more
参考译文
日年次亡灵节节日欢乐日子天说死回家里活着表示欢迎预料长途旅行会感饥饿摆放食品特制灯笼挂家门外帮助亡灵清道路整夜晚载歌载舞早便死者摆放食品扔进河中海里认活着吃东西吉利海城镇中头天夜里挂街巷灯笼节放水里成千万灯笼慢慢漂海指引着亡灵返回世界感场面成群伫立海岸注视着灯笼远直见止
课文讲解
harm n & vt 损害危害1A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan
n 快车速递The deadthe living均定冠词+形容词结构表示某类
otherwise conj 否然2As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey food is laid out for them
lay out 摆放展示摆设摊开
Don’t lay out your clothes on the bed Put them away
3All night long people dance and sing
ahead of ……前面all night long 整夜（long副词表示整整段期间中常all连）
It snowed all day long
in one’s turn 轮某接着 She stayed with her grandfather all summer long
4Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world
△leftover n 剩余物残留物剩饭the other world 世界阴间
Carla n 卡拉（女名） She believes that she will meet her dead parents in the other world
as far as one is concerned ……言the next world the world to come 世
(英国动物学家)5This is a moving spectacle for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more
vt 转换moving adj 动感
a moving spectacle 感场面
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★Lesson 1 A private conversation
★private adj私
① adj 私
private life 私生活
private school 私立学校
It's my private letter （果妈妈想信）
It's my private house （果陌生想进房子）
② adj 普通
private citizen 普通公民
I’m a private citizen （citizen n 公民）
private soldier 兵
Private Ryan（拯救兵瑞恩）
public adj 公众公开（private反义词）
public school 公立学校
public letter 公开信
public place 公场
privacy n隐私
It’s privacy 隐私(愿知道)
★conversation n谈话
have a + talkchatdialogueconversationgossip 名词变动词
conversation 般正式文体中 容正式
subject of conversation 话题
They are having a conversation
talk 容正式正式 私
Let’s have a talk
dialogue 话 指正式国家国家会谈
China and Korea are having a dialogue
chat 闲聊北京说侃说关紧事
gossip 嚼舌头 说长道短
★theatre n剧场 戏剧
cinema n电影院
★seat n座位
have a good seatplace里seat指place(指点)chair
take a seattake your seat 坐 坐
Is the seat taken 位置
请坐3种说法
Sit down please (命令性)
Take your seat please
Be seated please (更礼貌)
作动词seatsit区
sit（satsitten） vi 座
He is sitting there 坐
seat vt某座
seat sb 某坐面会加
Seat yourself
You seat him找位置
When all those present(场者)_D_ he began his lecture
A sit B set C seated D were seated
sit down 坐be seatedtake a seat 坐
★angry adj 生气
★angrily adv 生气
angry cross
I was angry He was cross
annoyed 恼火
be blue in the face 脸突然变色
程 I was annoyed
度 I was angrycross
加 I was very angry
深 I am blue in the face (脸色青 相生气)
★attention n 注意
Attention please 请注意(口语)
pay attention 注意
pay attention to … ……注意
You must pay attention to that girl
pay a little attention 稍加注意
pay much attention 加注意
pay more attention 更注意
pay no attention 注意
pay close attention 特注意
★bear(bore born) v 容忍
① vt 承受支撑承担负担
Can the ice bear my weight
Who will bear the cost 谁承担笔费？
② vt 忍受（般cancould连疑问句否定句中）
She eats too fast I can’t bear to watchwatching her 吃太快着受
How can you bear living in this place 受住方？
bear stand put up with
I can't bearstand you
endure忍受容忍
put up with 忍受
I got divorced（离婚）I could not put up with him
bearstandendure 忍受极限加
bear n熊 white bear 白熊
bear hug 热情(热烈)拥抱
give sb a bear hug
★business n 事 生意
① n 生意
business man 生意
do business 做生意
go to some place on business公出差
I went to Tianjin on business
② n 某私事情
It's my business (指私事 处理事)
It's none of your business 关事
★rudely adv 礼 粗鲁
rude adj 粗鲁礼
★pay vt &vi 支付
① vt &vi 支付（价款等）
Have you paid the taxidriver
You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds… 您先付30英镑定金……
I’ll pay by instalments
I paid 50 dollars for this skirt （pay…for sth 花支付……（钱）买……）
② vt &vi 予（注意等）（访问）
They did not pay any attention
We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday 星期天拜访老师
③ n 工资报酬
I have not received my pay yet 没领工资
课文讲解
1Last week I went to the theatre
动词 go 原义离开方方介词 to 连常加语目代表语动作目
go to the +点 表示某干嘛
go to the theatre go to the theatre to see a play剧场戏
go to the cinema see a film 电影院电影
go to the dairy 牛奶店
go to the + + 's 表示开店
go to the doctor's 病go to the butcher's 买肉
短语中名词前加冠词：
go to school 学go to church 做礼拜go to hospital(医院) 病go to bed 床睡觉go home（home相连定表示没事情做回家休息）
I am at home 家休息
2I had a very good seat
seat般指戏院汽车等配置固定座位抽象表示座位位子等概念
the front seat of a car 汽车前座
Take a seat please 请坐
3I did not enjoy it
enjoy vt 欣赏享受喜爱
① enjoy +n 喜欢中种享受（面）
I enjoy the music
enjoy the dinnerfilmprogramgame
② enjoy oneself代词 玩开心
We always enjoy ourselves
③ enjoy +动名词
Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming She enjoys going to the theatre
4I got very angry
get 里逐渐变含义接 become表示程动词表示状态变化I was very angry仅表示时状态生气暗示程
I amwas angry 事实
I got angry 强调变化程
It is hot
It got hot
got 取代be动词got半联系动词直接加形容词
5I could not hear the actors I turned round
hear+听见某话
I could not hear you Beg your pardon
I couldn't hear youI couldn't hear a wordI couldn't catch your words
I couldn't hear you clearlyI couldn't catch your words
Beg your pardon I couldn't catch your words
turn round turn around 转身
6In the end I could not bear it
in the end 终表示段较长时间某种努力
She tried hard to finish her homework by herself In the end she had to ask her brother for help
I could not bear ityouthe noise
7I can't hear a word
I can't hear a word
美音肯定I can 否定I can't t吞进 读音难区 根文定
hear a word of sb （a word 等句话）
He didn't say a word
May I speak to JimMay I have a word with Jim
8It's none of your business
one’s business 指某（关心份）事
It's none of your businessNone of your businessIt's my business 关事
It is my business to look after your health 必须顾身体健康
none相not anyno one语气较强
She kept none of his letters 信件封没保留
none of 短语时表达种断然甚粗暴口气尤祈句中：
None of your silly remarks 说傻话
Key structures
简单陈述句语序
陈述句定语动词宾语句号
6 1 2 3 4 5 6
when Who Action Who How Where When
Which Which
What What
1 语般名词代词名词短语构成通常位动词前动词必须语致语决定动词单复数形式
2 谓语动词充
3 宾语般名词代词名词短语
4 副词介词短语方式状态提问做状语 I like her very much
5 点状语般方式副词时间副词前
6 时间状语放句首句末
简单陈述句定少语 谓语
果问时固定搭配 when and where
★Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch
★until prep直
until表示动作状态等持续译直……止……前肯定句中表示持续性状态动词连表示持续某时刻：
I’ll wait here until 5 会里等5点钟
His father was alive until he came back 直回止爸爸活着
否定句中通常描述短暂动作动词连表示……止直……：
She cannot arrive until 6 6点
His father didn't die until he came back 直回爸爸死
until（句）时间终止前动作做没做？做前面句肯定没做前面句否定
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining
A waited B didn't wait
A leave B left C didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock
★outside adv 外面（作状语）
He is waiting for me outside
It is cold outside
★ring(rang rung) v(铃电话等)响
① vt 鸣(铃电话等)响(种响刺耳 提醒做某事)
Every morning the clock rings at 6
The telephone(door bell) is ringing
风铃等响jinglejingle (bell) (铃) 响叮
② vt 电话（美语中 call）
ring sb 某电话
Tomorrow I'll ring you
③ n （）电话
give sb a ring
Remember to give me a ring Remember to ring me
④ n 戒指
★aunt n 姑姨婶舅妈(长辈女性称呼)
男性uncle 叔叔
孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(分男女)
cousin孩子：nephew 外甥niece 外甥女
★repeat v 重复
① vt 重复
Will you repeat the last word
They are repeating that wonderful paly
② vi 重做重说
Please repeat after me
Don’t repeat
课文讲解
1It was Sunday
it指时间天气温度距离it称虚语（empty subject）作第三称单数中性代词it指件东西件事件指什：
It is a lovely baby
2I never get up early on Sundays
on Sundays 星期天逢星期天般现时连表示常性行
介词on般表示某天时间短语中：on Mondayon Monday morningon that day
lastnextthisthat 时介词（定冠词）必须省略：
I’ll see you nextthis Friday
never (直接动词前面)助动词+not (变成否定句前面定加助动词)
I don't like herI never like her
3I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime
表达卧床时bed前需加冠词：
It’s time for bed now
You must stayremain in bed for another two days 必须卧床两天
4Just then the telephone rang It was my aunt Lucy
just then 时
果知道方性 it取代
Who are youWho is it
5I've just arrived by train
by 直接加交通工具(修饰词 复数)果加修饰词 换掉byinon
I go out by bus
I go out inon two buses （指具体两辆车介词 inon）
Long ago people could go to America only by shipsea
果特指交通工具加冠词限定词：
My aunt left by the 915 train
by air 飞机 by bicyclebike 骑行车
by boat 船 by bus 公汽车
by car 汽车 by land 陆路
by plane 飞机 by sea 海路
by ship 船 by train 火车
6I'm coming to see you
come 现进行时态 be coming 表示般表示期计划安排进行动作样法动词：gocomeleavearrivelandmeetdiestartreturnjoin…
7Dear me
天英国说Dear meMy dear
美国说 My god 注意美英发音
Key structures
现进行时般现时
现进行时表示说话时正发生正发生事件表示现阶段(段时间)动现进行时常nowjuststill等副词连：
I am working as a teacher 现阶段
He is still sleeping （现睡觉）
Jane is just dressing up 简正扮
般现时表示惯性动作 真理 现未会发生事情般现时般频率副 词oftenalwayssometimesneverfrequentlyrarelyever等连
Helen never writes to her brother Tony She sometimes rings him
频率副词放句子中实义动词前 非实义动词果实义动词非实义动词 放两间疑问句中副词放语面否定句中not必须放always 前出现 generallynormallyoftenregularlyusually前not必须出现sometimes frequently表示肯定速记句尾特强调需时frequentlygenerallynormallysometimesusually等副词句首
I get paid on Friday usually
Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath
非实义动词
① 系动词(be)
② 帮助动词构成时态助动词(do does will shall have had has)
③ 情态动词(must can may) 外实义动词
I frequently go to bed hungry （形容词作状语）
He went to school hungry饿着肚子学
You must come here hungry空腹里
Special Difficulties
what开头感叹句：
英语中what引导感叹句表示惊奇愤怒赞赏喜悦等感情感叹中谓语采正常语序
What 名词感叹感叹句结构：What +aan (+adj)+n(+语+谓语)
What a good girl (she is) （谓省）
文定语境 省略形容词般省略形容词表示批评意思
What a thing to say 难听话啊
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)
★Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card
★send v 寄 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth to sb send sb sth 某送（寄）什东西
sendtake children to school：take强调某亲送send通第三送 美国校车
take flowers to his wife 送
send flowers to his wife 店里送
★postcard n 明信片
两爆破音起前者失爆破音里tk前者失爆破音
name card visiting card 名片
Here is my name card (口语常 时伴着递出动作)
ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）
credit card 信卡
cash card 现金卡 储蓄卡 工资卡(透支种)
★spoil(spoiledspoilt) v 索然味 损坏
① vt 弄坏损坏糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend 幸消息没周末
The rain spoiled the school sports 场雨学校运动会弄团糟
This spoiled my day
What you said spoiled me
His arrival spoiled my holiday
② vt 宠坏惯坏溺爱
Don’t spoil your children 太惯孩子
His parents spoiled the boy
spoil 东西质量变 生活中心事宠坏 溺爱
break 破 break the windows 破玻璃
damage 破坏 程度定重
destroy 破坏 彻底摧毁
三指物理破坏 spoil指精神
★museum n 博物馆
Palace Museum 宫
★public adj 公
① adj 公公众社会
There is a public library in this town
I always sit in public gardens on Sundays
② adj 公开众皆知
Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later 秘密会晤20年公开
public house（酒吧）简称pub
public place 公场
in public 公开in private 私里
Let’s have a conversation in private 私谈谈
Why not have a conversation in public 什公开谈呢(面说呢)
③ n 公众群众众
The public isare pleased with his explanation 公众解释满意
The museum is open to the public on Sunday
★friendly adj 友 咯
friendly形容词单独时般做定语作状语表示做什事情友 短语in a friendly way
He is not very friendly to John
She gave me a friendly greeting
He always greets me in a friendly way
ly结尾形容词lovelybrotherlyfatherlymanlymotherly
★waiter n 服务员 招员
waiter(男服务员) waitress(女服务员) 出现餐馆里
chief waiter 领班
I want to see the chief waiter 见领班
shop assistant 商店里店员
attendant n （公场）服务员
★lend v
lend to（出）：lend sth to sblend sb sth
Can you lend me 20 please I’ll paygive it back tomorrow
borrow from（进）：borrow sth from sbborrow sth （borrow borrow sb sth）
He borrowed my pen yesterday He hasn’t given me it yet
★decision n 决定
make take a decision作出决定
It was not easy for me to maketake this decision
Are you madetaken a decision
make a biggreat decision (big：重great：伟 更重)
decide v 决定
★whole adj 整
a whole bottle of milk 整瓶牛奶
the whole…the whole day 整天 two whole weeks 整整两星期
all th…all the day (the省略) 整天
all of面果加代词 代词前面需修饰词旦加名词 前面定加the
all of usall of the students
★single adj 唯 单
反义词 double 双倍
课文讲解
1Last summer I went to Italy
last：
① adj
last summer里last表示
② adj 表示时加冠词the
the last day 天 （具体天天早中晚on）
2A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian
ItalianItaly 注意重读音位置
teach sb sth 教某做某事
He teaches our English(错)
He teaches us English()
语言数 a little Italiana few words of Italian
I can speak a little Englisha few words of English
a few复数数名词连表示肯定含 somea small number of（少数）意思
The police would like to ask him a few questions 警察问问题
3Everyday I thought about postcards
think aboutof 考虑 思考指某段时间直想考虑某事 think of指想
What do you think of
What do you think of TV program last night
What do you think of the weather today 觉天气样
think over 仔细考虑反复思考
What’s the weather like today
cold chilly（非常非常冷） freeze
I'll freeze冻僵
4I spent the whole day in my room but I did not write a single card
spend表示时间词短语连时意思花（时间） 度
spend+时间+点 什点花费度少时间
I spend three hours in the sea
I spend my weekend at my mother's
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam(交通堵塞)
spend表示花钱
If we spend all the money we’ll be poor again
I can’t spend any more on this car
Key structures
般时
般时通常表示发生现已结束事件动作情况通常指动作时发生指动作持续久
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter
Yes I caught a cold last winter
Special Difficulties
直接宾语间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果动作涉事物)间接宾语(动作目标动作谁做谁做通常)间接宾语数情况置直接宾语前果间接宾语间接宾前必须加to（表示动作什做）for（表示动作什做）
give sb sthgive sth to sb
间接宾语面时 前必须加to(……言) for(……做)翻译 for果翻译 to
to相连give take pass read sell buypayhandbringshowpromiseofferowe
take flowers to my wife
for 相连 buy order make find
I buy a book for you
make a cake for you
find sth for sb
do sb a favor 帮某忙
Do me a favor pleaseDo a favor for me 帮忙
I do something for you
Can I order something for you
Can I buy you a bottle of beer 意请喝杯酒意思
★Lesson 4 An exciting trip
★exciting adj 令兴奋
exciting adj 令兴奋excited adj 兴奋
ed 感 ing令感
The news exciting
exciting boy 令兴奋男孩
I am excited
excite v 激动 （类动词宾语定面感……）
The news excited me
interesting adj 令感趣interested adj 感意思
interesting man
The man is interesting
interest v ……感兴趣
The book interests me 书感趣
★receive v 接受 收
① vt 接收
When did you receive that letter
② vt 招接
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests
receive 收指动动作观接受否清楚
receivehave a letter from sb
accept 意接收
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boybut I didn't accept it
take动取
I received a beautiful pen from my uncle My brother took it from me yesterday
take 作收
take the exam 接受考试 take advice 接受建议
★firm n 商行 公司
company n 公司
★different adj
① adj 相异（常 from连）
We are planning something different this year 年算
My room is different from yours
② adj 种样
This department store sells a large number of different things
家百货商店出售许种样东西
He has visited many different places in China 中国少方
★abroad adv 国外（副词 直接动词连）
go abroad 国外
live abroad 国外定居
study abroad 国外学
课文讲解
1I have just received a letter from my brother Tim
位语：名词（短语等）名词（短语）列作说明限定成分时称位语位语补充说明成分间逗号隔开 译成汉语时位语者插入句中者译句少英语中样逗号隔开
This is John one of my best friends 位约翰朋友
Mrs Smith my neighbore has never been abroad 邻居史密斯夫没出国
2He has been there for six months
one monthtwo months 注意读音
I have arrived in Beijing （arrive 瞬间动词段时间连）
has been + in 点
He has been in Beijing for one year
He has been in America for tow years
3He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in
Australia
work for ……班职强调work
I am working for a school
work in 强调点（方班）
I am working in the New Oriental school
work at 班
She works at a department store
a number of面定加数名词复数通常 number前greatlargegoodsmallcertain等形容词数量改变a great number of 类似 约等a lot of
A largegreat number of our students are Danish
There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework
a lot of 加数名词加数名词
I have a lot of friends
I have a great number of friends
4He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs a small town in the centre of Australia
has gone to 某没回
has been to 某 现方
Have you been to Paris
5From there he will fly to Perth
from there方起
from 加时间加点
from half past 8 to half past 11
from Beijing to Tianjing
fly to Perth go to Perth by air
6My brother has never been abroad before so he is fending this trip very exciting
before句子副词 译前现完成时态标志
find作发现 发 觉 讲时宾语带补足语（般形容词）说明宾语状况性质等
find +宾语+形容词做宾补
find the room clean
find her happy
be finding口语中常
I'm finding We’re finding
面表示状态感觉情绪精神活动动词进行时：believedoubtseehearknowunderstandbelongthinkconsiderfeellookseemshowmindhavesoundtasterequirepossesscarelikehatelovedetestdesire
Key structures
现完成
现完成时表示动作现存结果者发生事现影响常现完成时连副词副词短语：before (now)（前）it’s the first tiem（第次）so for（目前止）so far this morning（午止）up to now（直现）up to the present（直目前）just（刚刚）recently（）already（已）lately（）now（现）for 段时间since+时间still（）at last（终）finally（终）疑问句否定句中常everyetnevernot…ever等
I’ve planted fourteen rose bushes so far this morning
I have lived here for several years now and I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here
现完成时表示频度副词连表示反复惯性动作 often（常）frequently（屡次）three times（三次）等
I’ve watched him on TV several times
★Lesson 5 No wrong numbers
★pigeon n 鸽子
It's not my pigeon ＝None of my business 关事
★message n （口头书面）信息
Here is a message for you from your sister
an oralwritten message 口信便条
leave sb a message ……留便条
I'll leave you a message
take a message for sb 某捎口信
Can I take a message for you 捎口信
Can you take a message for me 捎口信
take a message to sb 某口信
电话
Hello‡May I have a word with Tom May I speak withto Tom
‡Can you take a message for me
information n 信息（数）
messenger n 送信信
★cover v 越覆盖
① vt 盖覆盖
Snow covered the whole village
She covered the child with a coat 孩子盖件外衣
② vt 行（段距离）走（通常动语态）
cover+距离 越……
You can cover the distance to the museum in ten minutes
③ n 覆盖物盖子罩子套子
Put a cover on the box
★distance n 距离
keep distance 保持距离
distant adj远距离
Can I share this table
Can I join you
importance n 重 important adj 重
difference n different adj
★request n 求 请求
① n
request for ……请求 需求
I have a request for the cake
He granted my request for more time 意延长时间请求
She sent a request for help to Gary 加里请求帮助
② v 求 请求
request sbto do sth ＝ask sbto do sth 求某做……
require sbto do sth 求某做……
You are requiredasked to do sth （求惯动语态）
★spare adj 备
① vt 抽出（时间等）
Have you got five minutes to spare
I cannot spare the time
I have no time to spare
② vt 饶恕赦免
The robbers spared his life
Share me’begged the prisoner
③ adj 余空闲剩备
You can sleep in the spare bedroom
Where can I get spare parts for this machine
I have no spare time now
Have you any old clothes that you do not want’ he asked
Have you any old clothes to spare’he asked
★service n 业务 服务
service 作数名词时通常表示旅馆餐馆商店等旅客顾客等侍候接服务作数名词时表示帮助采取行动做工作
The service in that hotel is quite good
You have done me a great service
service指公事业业务：the mail service（邮政业务）the telephone service（电话业务）指办业务机构：a travel service（旅行社）a news service（通讯社）
At your service Glad to be at your service I am glad to be at your service
乐意您效劳
serve v 服务 接
——Thank you
——You are welcome(次需找)Not at all(根完全谢)That's (all)rightThat's ok(绝正确 绝时)(It's) My pleasure(高兴做 放低 方抬高)
Thank you for your listening讲课 演讲结束时说 感谢家合作概念（应鼓掌回应） 情急 No thanks回答
——Sorry ——No sorry
课文讲解
1MrJames Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst
garage n 车库 车行（英美读音）
another(+单数名词) 中
Can you show me another
other(+名词) adj(加单复数名词)
the other 两中外
one…the other… …………
One is watering the flowers and the other is reading
others(加名词) other + 名词复数
Some boys are playing football and others are rowing(going boating)
2Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage so he has
just bought twelve pigeons
介词from里表示距离相隔作距…… 离……讲常away连
It is far (away) from here
Bus stop is only one mile from schoolhere
Bus stop is only one mile (away)
She has been away from home for 5 days now
How far 远（距离提问）
How far(away) is the bus stop
How far is your home(from here)
My home is ten miles away from here
get a telephone 电话 安装电话
3Yesterday a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury
carry v 带着 携带（强调携带东西会着）
I carried my son （背抱着）
I carry the bag
take v 带着
I take my sister to the cinema
from…to…表示方方
He looked at the girl from head to foot
The news spread from house to house 家家户户知条消息
4The bird covered the distance in three minutes
cover the distance 飞段距离
5Up to now MrScott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other
up to now up till now 目前止现止(作时间状语时态现完成时相untiltill now)
Up to now he has not been very hardworking
request for ……需求
a great many(+数名词复数) 许……
a great many做形容词短语：
A great many trees were destroyed in the storm
作代词短语：
He has read a great many of the books in this room
a great number of(+数名词复数) 许……
urgent adj 紧急
something urgent 紧急事情
Key structures
般时现完成时
表示某特定时间发生事情动作时般时表示刚刚者已完成动作现影响时现完成时时间状语特指 nowjust者for 引导段时间者加时间状语 般时现完成时点：动作做区：式强调事 现没关系
I ate a piece of bread
现完成时 强调事情现产生影响
I have eaten a piece of bread this morning I'm not hungry
The clock stopped 陈述事实
The clock has stopped 事实现造成影响
It snowed yesterday
It has snowed yesterday 强调现造成影响
Special Difficulties
带way短语
in the way ……方式
Do your work in the way I have shown you 示范方法做工作
I do the work in the way you showed me
I fly the kite in the way you showed me
in theone’s way 挡路妨碍（某）
Sorry you are in the way(口语中少 般直接Excuse me)
Don’t stand in the way I can’t see the blackboard
in this way 样种方式
He saves old envelopes In this way he has collected a great many stamps
in a way 某种意义说某种程度
In a way you are kind
in a friendly way 友方式
in the family way 怀孕 快孩(have a baby)
The woman is in the family way
by the way 便说声 便问(插入语改变话题时)
By the way have you seen Harry recently
on theone’s way(to) ……途中(陈述句)
on the way to schoolthe officeon the way home
out of the way 路
Get out of the way 滚出
get one's own way 心欲 (at one’s pleasure)
Children get their own way during the holidays
关系动词 般说 be become 定单独 面加表语 称系动词 外系动词时物实义动词 常见 seem look appear sound taste feel smell stay remain keep grow turn go run get prove stand等 词语法书称半联系动词
★Lesson 6 Percy Buttons
★beggar n 乞丐
beg v乞求
I beg your pardon
beg for 乞求
ask for 请求（ask sb for sth 某索某物）
★food n 食物（数）
a lot of food
★pocket n 衣服口袋
inner pocket 口袋jacket pocket 夹克口袋coat pocket 衣口袋
pocket book 袖珍书pocket dictionary 袖珍词典
pocket pick 车偷
pocket money (孩)零花钱
change 零钱
get exact change 准备正确零花钱
beer money (男)零花钱
★call v 拜访 光顾
① vt&vi 喊
I heard someone calling
call out shout 声喊
② vt 呼唤召唤
Lucy is sick Please call a doctor
③ vi 访问拜访（车船等）停
Amy called (at our house) yesterday
The train calls at large stations only 列火车停站
call on sb 拜访某
I will call on you 家
call at+点＝visit someplace 拜访某
I will call at your home 家
④ vt&vi 电话
call sb call up sb 某电话
call back 回某电话
Can you take a message for me Can you tell him to call back
call in sb 招集邀请某
For the project the government called in a lot of experts
课文讲解
1Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door
★knock v 敲门
① vi 敲门
I knocked but no one answered
knock at 敲（门窗等）
knock at the doorknock at the window
② vt&vi 碰撞
You always knock things off the table 总碰掉桌东西
Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning 天午吉姆辆公汽车撞倒
She has knocked a cup over again 碰倒杯子
③ vt （某）成……状态
He knocked Tom out yesterday 昨天汤姆昏
④ off连时特殊含义般口语
vt （价格）减折扣
They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat
The shop assistant knocked 10 off the bill（He reduced the price by 10）
vi 班停止中断（工作等）
When do you usually knock off 般什时候班？
He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven 十点半休息吃中午饭
2He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer
ask (sb) for sth request for sth 问某什东西
（for 目请求某 sb更时候出现 ask for sth）
The boy asked (his parents)for money againonce more
3In return for this the beggar stood on his head and sang songs
in return for this 作……回报作交换（this 代词中常常指代文件事情）
I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality （hospitality adj 热情）
in return 作回报
You lent me this interesting book last month In return (for it) I’ll show you some picture books
In return for your help I invite you to spend the weekend with my family
He doesn't want anything in return 想回报
stood on his head 倒立
stand on one's hands 手着(hand单数手 双手复数)
stand on one's knees 跪着 膝盖
lie on one's back 仰面躺着
lie on one's side 侧躺
lie on one's stomach 趴着
4Later a neighbour told me about him
介词about动词连表示关……（） 涉 ……（）
Please tell me about the accident
tell sb about sth 告诉某某事（about关 通事出结）
tell you about him
tell you about the word 解释单词意思
tell sb sth 告诉某某件事(事情直接告诉)
tell you the news
tell you the word 直接告诉单词
5Everybody knows him
everybody作语定作单数 属定代词
定代词作语律单数 somebodyanybodyeverything等
6He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer
calls at 光顾拜访
in the street（英国）on the street（美国）
once a month 月次 单位表达方式
once adj 表示……次（表示频率时面直接加表示时间名词） 计量单位 （……）
five kilometers an hour
He goes back to the South once a year
Key structures
A The and Some
表示确定某物时定冠词aan（单数 数名词）表示数名词时需定冠词加量词组成词组
表示种笼统概念（某某类种东西）陈述句中省略asome
A tiger is a dangerous animal
Tigers are dangerous
Salt is necessary forto us all
表示某确定事物者文已提事物定冠词 the（时相
thisthatthesethose）数名词单复数数名词均
姓名名国名（非复合词）月份星期等前面加冠词
athe区：a泛指 a man特指 the man
文章中第次出现名词时候aan修饰 第二次出现时候the
A man is walking towards me The man is carrying a parcel The parcel is full of meat
I have just drunk a glass of milk Milk is very refreshing
I ate an apple Apples are delicious
She always buys flour sugar and tea at the grocer's
般姓名前般加冠词表示某某类中 具种特征中加定冠词 a
a Mr Zhang 张先生类
Special Difficulties
短语动词
某动词面加介词副词会改变词义 种新组合称作短语动词
put v 放
put on 穿戴
tak v 走
take off 脱掉摘掉
look v
look at look for 寻找look after 顾look out 心look out of 外
call
call atcall oncall incall back
call for 取某物 接某需
The problem calls for immediate action 问题需立采取行动
knock v 敲
knock at 敲门
knock off 班
He knocked off earlier
knock off 折
Knock 10 off the price
……撞倒果点介词 off点介词over
knock sth off+点
knock the vase off the table
I knocked the boy off the bicycle
knock over
A car knocked the boy over
knock out 晕 拳击场合中 倒knock out(专术语)
He did not know how to fight but he knocked the boxer out
★Lesson 7 Too late
★detective n 侦探
detective story 侦探说
★airport n 机场
★airfield n 飞机起落场
port 港口airport 航空港
at the airport 机场
field 田野airfield 停机坪
on the airfield 停机坪
★expect v 期 等
① vt&vi 预计预料
Jim has failed in mathematics as his teacher expected
正老师预料样吉姆数学考试没格
② vt 等期盼（心理等）
They are expecting guests tonight 晚里作客
expect表示等般暗含着根某信息规律作出相应反应意思wait for接续等动作身
expect sth
I expect a letter from Jimmy
expect sbto do sth 期某做某事
I expect you to write back
I expect my mother to come back
wait for sthsb 动作等
I wait for my mother
③ vt 认猜想（般口语）
I expect soI think so 希［口语］
I expect you’ve heard the news 想已听消息
★valuable adj 贵重
★precious adj 珍贵
value n&v 价值valuable adj价值
sthis valuablesthis precious
precious adj 珍贵（带定感情色彩）
precious photo 珍贵片
less 表否定
priceless adj 没价格 价
valueless adj 没价值 足道
worthless adj 价值
★diamond n 钻石
diamond ring 钻石戒指
precious stone 宝石crystal 水晶jade 玉
★steal（stolestolen） v 偷
① vt&vi 偷盗行窃
英语中偷 stealrob表达宾语物 steal宾语 rob点相连rob
steal sth 偷(某物)
My wallet was stolen
John never steals 约翰偷东西
rob sb 抢(某)
I was robbed
rob the bank
② vt 巧妙占偷偷弄手
He has stolen away Mary’s heart 已赢玛丽芳心
③ vi 偷偷行动悄悄
He stole into the room 悄悄进房间
★main adj
main buildingmain streetmain sentencemain idea
main连
★guard n 警戒 守卫
life guard 救生员
body guard 保镖
keep guard 守警戒
They kept a close guard over the thieves 偷严加
stand guard 站岗放哨
课文讲解
1The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning
all般直接加表示时间单数名词构成副词短语：all dayall nightall weekall winterall year等说all hour
whole表达样意思时般加冠词数词 a whole dayyeartwo whole weeks
all morningall the morning
The plane was late 飞机晚(点)
The bus was lateThe train was late
detectives 没强调侦探者侦探 强调侦探种笼统感念 加some the
2They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa
a valuable parcel of diamonds
a cup of tea 强调茶
South Africa 南非
3A few hours earlier someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds
a few hours earlier 时前
a few hours beforea few hours ago
would +do 时间接方式 转述 站未
4When the plane arrived some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while
others were waiting on the airfield
代词others常常some连表示（）……（）…………余……
one…the other… …………
some…others… …………
Some students are very hardworking others are not
othersother+名词复数
5Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House
take sth off…take sth away from…
and carried it into…carried 表示重
Customs House 海关
6While two detectives were keeping guard at the door two others opened the parcel To their surprise the
precious parcel was full of stones and sand
…were keeping guard at the door two others opened the parcel
表面分工 两动作时发生 时开始时结束 延续时间致 长点时间动作进行时态 短时间动作时
When someone knocked at the door I was having dinner
keep guard 守卫
They kept a close guard over the thieves
at the door 门边(固定搭配)
two otherstwo other detectives
to one's surprise某惊讶
To my surprise the teacher was late
To one’s +表达情绪名词
to one's joy
To my joy my mother came here yesterday
to one's excitement
To our excitement our team wins
be full of 装满
My bag was full of books
The cup is full of water
Key structures
进行时
进行时构成：be式+现分词
进行时般时常句子里进行时表示正进行动作情况般时表示较短暂动作事件正进行中动作情况连词 whenwhileasjust as等引导
whenwhile ……时候（强调动作时发生）
while+句 动词定延续性动词
when+延续性动词瞬间动词
whilewhen代when定while代while通常引导持续时间较长动作句句时进行时 whenas般
John was watching TV while his wife was talking with a neighbour over the phone
Just as I was leaving the house you came in
when引导较短暂动作while as般行
We were having supper when the lights went out
进行时表示段时间状语连 all morningall nightall dayall eveningthe whole week等表示段时间直干什
What were you doing all evening I couldn’t find you anywhere
动作时发生时态
① 两动作时发生 惯般时 进行时动作长进行时 动作短般时 分工情况 动作开始时间结束时间相 均进行时
I was listening to the radio my sister was dancing
When my mother was doing the housework my father was watching TV
② 两动作时段进行 时间结束 先发生动作未结束 动作发生 先发生动作进行时态 动作时
When I was opening the door the telephone rang先开门
When the telephone was ringing I opened the door 电话先响
③ 瞬间动词（：arrive）没进行时态 两动作时发生 延续性动词进行时态 瞬间动词时态
When he arrived I was having dinner
I am arriving 进行时态表示
Exercises D
1 As my father ______ (leave) the house the postman ______ (arrive)
was leavingarrived(两瞬间动词时发生性 应具体分析 进行时态表)
5 While mother ______ (prepare) lunch Janet ______ (set) the table
set the table摆桌子
was preparingset
Special Difficulties
短语动词中品词
许动词加介词副词会改变词义介词副词通常称品词没词形变化
品词作介词作副词判断品词副词介词品词没带宾语宾语介词没宾语副词介词位置相固定变动
① vi&vt+ prepadv+宾语(n)
She is walking up the hill
② vt+宾语(npron)+adv
take off the coat take the coat off take it off
put on your shoes put your shoes on put them on
I always take money with me身总带钱
Exercise
11 They have pulled down the old building
pull down… （pull
pull one's leg 开玩笑
You are pulling my leg开玩笑
12 Make up your mind
make up…>make up one's mind 惯法换语法换
13 He asked for permission to leave
ask for…>ask (sb) for sth 实省略sb换
★Lesson 8 The best and the worst
★competition n 赛竞赛（暗里竞争）
race n 赛竞赛
car race
match n 赛
football match
contest n 赛（更广泛）
baby contest 宝宝赛beauty contest 选美
game 游戏 运动
★neat adj 整齐 整洁井井条
clean adj 干净
neattidy
tidy
★pool n 水池(工)
swimming pool 游泳池
pond 池塘（天然）
golden pond—金色池塘
课文讲解
1Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town
Joe's garden is the most beautiful
Bill's garden is the largest
Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s
（较东西类事物 joe’s ’s省略）
2Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year but Joe wins every time
nearlyalmost意义相似表示 差 差 点意思
I have nearly forgotten his name 差点名字忘
I’m nearlyalmost ready 快准备
enter for 报名参加（种竞赛考试等活动）
win（wonwon） v 赢
① vi 赢
I win
I lose (输)
② vt 赢……
win something 面奖品接手
I win the book
I win the gold cup
win a prize 赢奖
win a prize for… ……获奖
defeat+手
I defeat you
3Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's
名词加’s表示属关系构成名词格类名词指生命东西特格语法作相形容词限定面名词限定名词文中第二次提时省略引起误解
4He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool
makebuild里义词修建建造make 词义较笼统广泛解释做作出制造等 build限建筑业指建造建设盖房子修筑（桥梁）等
Have you made the skirt by yourself
They have made a road along the river
Key structures
形容词副词较级高级
较级相汉语中……更……种句型高级表示某范围……概念高级时前面通常加定冠词 the短语句限定范围
1较级高级构成：
① 单音节词少数双音节词词尾加erest辅音加y结尾词变yi加erest
② e结尾词加rst
③ 辅音字母结尾单音节词双写字母加erest
④ 三者三音节（音节）
较级构成 more+原级
高级构成 the most+原级
双音节词单词结尾加erest moreless mostleast连 narrowclevercommonpleasant等
clever— cleverer— more clever
fun adj 快乐
more fun （美国）
⑤ 构成规：
goodwell(better best)badill(worse worst)manymuch(more most)little(less least)
far(farther further farthest furthest) （farther距离远更远further程度更进步）
further more(更甚者)
old(older elder oldest eldest)
older ……
She is older than somebody
elder 做定语修饰名词
elder sister (年长)姐姐
2较级高级法
较级时果需较两项提必须较级than：
My room is cleaner than the one next door
果较级指清楚独立存：
Which house do you prefer
I prefer the older one
高级限定范围般 ofamongin 等介词短语限定范围句果范围清楚省略
John is the tallest of the three brother
This is the coldest day in ten years
Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met
Special Difficulties
every构成合成词
everyonebodything构成复合定代词everyoneeverybodyeverythingEveryoneeverybody般换面代词单数复数身均视单数
EveryoneEverybody knows what he has to do
EveryoneEverybody knows what they have to do 知道必须做什
Everything is going well 切利
each every均译两者常互换every形容词性强调整体常指确定数目直接做语each作形容词作代词强调体常确定通常限数目作代词时直接作语宾语第三称单数
EveryEach time I wash the car it rains
Enter and Enter for
enter
① vt&vi 进入
enter+点名词
Always knock on the door before you enter
② vt&vi 参加加入
We’ve entered into an agreement 已达成项协议
He soon entered their conversation
enter for+表示赛竞赛考试名词 报名参加 强调报名
enter for the exam
She entered (her nameherself) for the mathematics competition 报名参加数学竞赛
take part in 真正参加
2 Will you enter ___for___ this week's crossword competition
crossward 文字游戏
3 Many athletes have entered ___for___ the Olympic Games this year
athletes sportsman 运动员 体育家
★Lesson 9 A cold welcome
★welcome n 欢迎v 欢迎
① n 欢迎
a cold welcome 冷遇
② v 欢迎
welcome to+点
welcome to Chinawelcome to my homewelcome homewelcome back
③ adj 受欢迎
You are welcome
You are welcome to+点
★crowd n 群
① n 群
in the crowd 群中
I spotted him in the crowd 群中眼认出
a crowd of people 群没次序群 拥挤群
a group of people 群次序群
② v拥挤 挤满
a large crowd of people 群
crowds of people 许 山海
★gather v 聚集
① vt 集拢集合召集
He gathered a large crowd of people round him
②vt 收集采集收（庄稼等）
The children are out in the field gathering flowers 孩子外面里采花
It has taken me a lifetime to gather all these books
收集书花辈子时间
③ vi 集拢聚集集合
They gathered under the Town Hall clock
people gathered 聚集起 尤指发性聚集
★hand n (表机器)指针手
minute handsecond handhour hand
second hand 二手旧秒针
wait me a momentwait me a few seconds(for a few secs) （secsseconds 缩写）
★refuse v 拒绝
① vt 拒绝（接受服等）
She refused the gift
② vt 拒肯愿
John refused to change his mind 约翰拒改变意
③ vi 拒绝接受
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused
帮助提出报酬拒绝
★shout v 喊
call out 声喊
cry out 声哭喊
scream 尖
课文讲解
1A cold welcome 冷遇
cold adj 冷 寒冷 冷淡
cold fish 冷漠
My brother is a cold fish
lucky dog 幸运
What does a cold welcome refer to （refer to 指……）
2On Wednesday evening we went to the Town Hall
morningafternoonevening前果加修饰词介词on否in
Town Hall 市政厅
3It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock
the last day of the year 年中天
a large crowd of the people 群
4It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time
★strike v 击敲弹（钟乐器等）
① v 击
She struck the man in the face
② v 敲弹（钟乐器等）
strike the clock （）敲钟
clock strike 钟响
Listen the clock is striking
strike twelve 数字表示敲击次数
minutes'名词格表达时间
名词格表示时间距离
It will leave in five minutes'time
in twenty(minutes'time)名词格省略
an hour's time
How far is the school from here
3 minutes' walk 三分钟路程
5Fifteen minutes passed and then at five to twelve the clock stopped
… minutes pass … 点分（前半时pass）
25 minutes passed eight
… minutes to … 点分（半时to没）
a quarter to nine15 minutes to nine
时刻指点时间 时间指段时间时刻前介词at
…(some time) passed and then sth happened ……时间……
An hour passed and then he arrived 时终
…minutes later分钟
6We waited and waited but nothing happened
waited and waited 等啊等啊 强调动作重复（walked and walkedrun and run）
happen vi事情做语 事情发生
What happened
Nothing happened
7It was true
It was true that+句 ……事实
8The big clock refused to welcome the New Year
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
I refuse to leave 拒绝离开
I refuse to move 拒绝移动
9At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing
at that moment just then 时
at the moment now 现 刻 时
Key structures
引导时间状语介词inonatduringtilluntil
1in时间短语：
① 表示天中某段时间：in the morningin the afternoonin the evening
② 表示周月份年份：in a weekin Januaryin Febin 1992
③ 表示季节：in summerin springin autumnin winter
in+表示时间长度短语表示某段时间时现时时时连般完成某动作关译……时间般时连根时态判in 表示含义
in twenty minutes' time 20分钟
We will finish class in half an hour
2on时间短语：
① 表示星期：on Mondayon Friday
② 表示日期：on June 1ston 23rd March（书写日期时没冠词口语中分读：on June the
firston the 23rd of March）
③ 表示星期+日期：on Monday June 1st
④ 表示具体时间：on Wednesday eveningon fine afternoonon that day
3 at 时间短语：
① 表示确切时间：at five to twelveat ten o'clock
② 表示餐时间：at lunchdinner timeat teatime
③ 表示时刻：at nightat noonat midnightat that time
4during……期间必须名词指整段时间时 in代
He has phoned four times during the last half hour
I met him sometime during the week（in代） 周某天遇
during the holiday 强调假期头尾
He enjoyed himself during his holiday
in the holiday 强调段时间中某点时间 表示始终
I was caught in an accident in the holiday
5from…till… 指段明确时间：
The tourist season runs from June till October
6until prep&coin 直……时候直什时候止 直什时候
until句句两般时(惯种法) 句句完成
I can't enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow
I had not understood the problem until he explained it
We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work
We didn't disturb him until he finished work(更惯种法)
7from…to…
Everyday we have English class from 830 to 1130
关时间表示方法 What’s the timeWhat time is it
A整点 A o’clock
A点 B 分（B<30） A B B past A
A点15分 A fifteen fifteen past A a quarter past A
A点30分 A thirty half past A
A点B分(B>30) A B (60B) to (A+1)
A点45分 A fortyfive a quarter to (A+1) fifteen to (A+1)
Special Difficulties
AnyNotAny and No
any 否定句疑问句中 some肯定句(求肯定回答疑问句)
Do you have any friends
I don't have any friends
not 非实义动词面 实义动词前面
not anyno
I have no friends
no构成复合词nobodynonenothingnowhereany构成复合词anybodyanythinganywhere 句子中通常否定词（包括neverhardly等词）
★Lesson 10 Not for jazz
★jazz n 爵士音乐
a kind of music
★musical adj 音乐
musical student 音乐天赋
music student 学音乐（the student who learned music）
★instrument n 乐器
instrumentmusical instrument
instrument 常意思器械 器 具 尤 指 医 疗 机 器 等 方 面 泛指种乐器
★clavichord n 古钢琴 现代piano
a kind of instrument
★recently adv
recentlylately
★damage v 损坏
① n 损害损失伤害
The storm has done a lot of damage to the village
② vt 损害毁坏损坏
The car was badly damaged in the accident
★key n 琴键
① n 琴键
② n 钥匙答案
key to the door 门钥匙
Do you know the key to the question
③ adj 关键
key structure
★shock v 悦生气 震惊
① v 悦生气 震惊
情绪关动词宾语 (sth语)
The news shocks me 消息震惊
② adj 令震惊
It is shocking
③ adj 感震惊
够 做宾语 表示情绪活动动词 两形容词形成：令……（V+ing）感
……（V+ed）
I'm shocked
④ n 震惊
get a shock
sb get a shock 某吃惊
shock 必指坏事 令悦 生气
surprise 事坏事 没料
I want to give you surprise
★allow v 允许
allow doing sth
Smoking is allowed＝people allow smoking
allow sb to do sth sbbe allowed to do sth
allow常动语态
You are allowed to smoke(动语态)
You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't take the card with you
★touch v 触摸
① vt&vi 触摸碰
You are not allowed to touch the vase
② vt 谈涉关系
A rise in the cost of living touches everyone 生活费增加关系
课文讲解
1It is called a clavichord
call里意思……称 称 呼 动 态 动语态
call sbsthsbbe called 称某……什称……
What do you call this 称什？
2It has belonged to our family for a long time
belong 表示状态动词行动词进行时常时态般现时现时
This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me
3She tried to play jazz on it
play n 玩演奏（乐器等）
① 球类连 直接+球类
② 乐器连 +the+乐器 演奏乐器非音乐
③ play music on + 乐器 定 on
Key structures
动语态
动语态动语态皆指动词形式言动句中动词语执行动作物动句中动作语执行 动语态be种形式分词构成动语态时态法规适动语态动词作物动词时构成动语态果说明什什东西做某事by+行体结构行体表示出
Special Difficulties
动语态made连介词
made in表示产时间
It was made in Germany
made of表示某种材料制成（通常指制造改变该材料原性质形状）
The tea pot is made of silver
made from表示数种材料制成者制造改变材料原性质形状
Paper can be made from wood
made by表示谁制造
This cake was made by my sister
be made into 制成……
The gold is made into a ring
双重格
双重格双重属格 名词+of+名词格(名词性物代词)
英语中通常’sof结构表示格’s结构通常名表示称名词末尾of结构常生命名词连
’s结构格of结构称双重格 名 词 前面 athisthatthesesomeanyno等the
He is a friend of mine 含特殊惟朋友意
He is no friend of mine 含义根认识敌
强调中时候 选双重属格结构
a friend of my fathermy father's friend(s) 朋友
a friend of my father's 朋友中
It happened to a friend of mine 朋友中
★Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another
★turn n 行 举止
turn n（帮助损害）举动行
Yesterday George did me a goodan ill turn 乔治昨天做件利利事
He is always ready to do a turn for others 总乐做事
behavior n 行 举止
Pay attention to your behavior
★deserve v 应 值
① deserve + n 应该……值……应（奖赏惩罚等）
He deserves praise 应该表扬
Yor deserve the best 应该
He deserved a promotion （promotion n 提升）
② deserve sthto do sth 应该……
She deserved to be punished
Good work deserves good pay 劳
His words deserve attention 话值注意
★lawyer n 律师
lawyer's office 律师事务
★bank n 银行
rob the bank 抢银行
★salary n 工资
pay n 工资(salary+wage通)
salary n 薪金薪水(月薪 年薪通常指职员脑力劳动者（律师教师医生等）固定工作理阶层收入数额较固定般月支付)
My salary is paid on the 28Th of the month
wage n 工资工钱(时 周计算通常指技工般体力劳动者稳定工作收入周天支付般复数形式wages)
When I worked as a waiter the wages were low but the tips were good
侍者时工资高费观
bonus n 奖金 分红
collet v 搜集 领取
collect salarywage 领工资
★immediately adv 立刻
right away at once immediately 立刻 马
right now 现
课文讲解
1One good turn deserves another 礼尚 善善报
one bad turn deserves another 恶恶报
2Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago but he is now working at a bank
work for… 强调工作
work in… 强调in面点
working at a bank
(someseveral) years ago 名词s前面省略some
3He gets a good salary but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back
The teachers in the New Oriental school can get a good salary
borrow sth from sb …………
nevernot 前面需加助动词
pay 里意思偿（债务等）解释付支付（价款账单）等Pay 物动词物动词
How much did you pay for that dress
I paid the bill
pay back 钱
never pays it back
4Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table
and连接三列动词
at the same table 坐张桌子旁边
at table 吃饭
at the table 坐桌子旁边
Would you like to join us
5'I have never borrowed any money from you' Tony said 'so now you can pay for my dinner'
pay for ……付钱
I have paid for you a dinner
I have paid 20 dollars for the book
ask (sb) for sth 问…………
It's my treat 请客
This time is your treat Next time is my turn
Let's go dutch AA制
Key structures
复动词时态：
The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan A few years after he ______ (become) ruler his wife MumtaziMahal ______ (die) The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in her honour Experts ______ (call) in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls The Taj Mahal which ______ (begin) in 1632 and ______ (complete) in 1654 ______ (cost) a fortune Up to the present day it ______ (visit) by millions of people
The Taj Mahal 泰姬陵
in one's honour 纪念某
up to the present dayup to now
was builtbecamediedwas builtwere called (call in召集)was begunwas completedcosthas been visited
Special Difficulties
动词+名词代词+带 to定式
某动词带to定式前名词代词动词名词代词没常影响影响整句子意义
I asked him to lend me twenty pounds
I want to speak to John
I want you to speak to John
Would you like to do sth
I’d like sb to do sth
I’d like to do sth
动词面定式作宾语时通常必须名词代词类动词allowadvisehelpteachtellrequest等类动词动语态动语态：
We were not allowed to see the picture
hope定说hope sb to do sth正确法hope to do (希)hope that(希)
★Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck
New words and expressions生词短语（6）
luck n 运气幸运
captain n 船长
sail v 航行
harbour n 港口
proud adj 豪
important adj 重
★luck n 运气 幸运
good luck break your leg 祝运
bless you 保重（喷嚏时说话）
lucky adj 幸运
lucky dog 幸运
lucky day 幸运日
It’s my lucky day 天真幸运
luckily adv 幸运
unlucky adj 幸
★sail v 航行
① vi （船）航行扬帆行驶
The ship is sailing for New York
② vi （）船航行
I want to sail around the world
③ n 帆篷
This boat has white salis
★harbour n 港口
port n 港口
air port 航空港
★proud adj 豪满
be proud of ……豪（某）感豪
Parents are proud of their children
pride n 豪
take pride in ……豪
★important adj 重
importance n 重
课文讲解
1We'll meet him at the harbour early in the morning
表示时间短语in the morningin the afternoon等前面加earlylate等副词便确切表示时间
early in the morning 早
late in the afternoon 傍晚
2It has sailed across the Atlantic many times
across某细长物横切横断横渡等尤指河流马路海洋等桥over
the Atlantic the Atlantic Ocean 西洋
oncetwicethree times…
表示次数时候 for 定加
I do something twice
3Captain Alison will set out at eight o'clock so we'll have plenty of time
set outset offbegin something 出发动身
plenty enough 相充足足够
plenty of 足够……
I have plenty of money
a lot of 指客观
4We'll see his boat and then we'll say goodbye to him
see visit 参观
Can I see it
say goodbye (to sb)say hello to (to sb)say sorry to (to sb)
I said hello to him this morning
You must say sorry to somebody
5He will be away for two months
瞬间动词完成时态 指段时间连 旦段时间变 系表结构 be + 形容词介词短语构成
He has been away for two hours
He left two hours ago点时间
动词be+形容词系表结构表状态代
arrive be herethere leave be away die be dead
join(瞬间动词) be a soldierin the army
6He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic
take part (in) 参加参（某项活动）
enter for 报名参加
I have entered for the meetingbut now I don't want to take part in the meeting
an important race across the Atlantic 横渡西洋赛（介词短语做定语放修饰词面）
the person at the door
be in the race take part in the race 参加赛
at the race 赛场观赛
Key structures
般时
１般时表示发生动作存状态
２时结构
① 基结构 shallwill + 动词原形
shall常第称Iwe面will称缩略’ll否定式中will not缩略’ll notwon’tshall not缩略shan’t（美语中少shall）
② be going to do sth be gonna do sth（美语） 算做某事
be going to will般互换算关含义句子 willbe going to do 互换
I’ll miss you （be going to）
He'll lose 输（ be going to）
I'll be sixteen years old next year （be going to）
③ be + to do sth 表示计划安排某事征求意见
I am to have a holiday
④ be about to do sth 做某事
⑤ will be doing 表示做某事
⑥ be doing （瞬间动词） 现进行时表示时态
现进行时表示动词：gocomearriveleavedielandjoin
⑦ be 般现时表示发生
If it rains …
Special Difficulties
be+副词构成表语
动词be副词连意义意思副词意义决定：
be in 家be out 出be away 离开be on 映be back 回be over 结束be up to sth胜某件事情 够做某件事
set+副词构成短语动词
set out 出发动身
When’ll you set out for London
set off 出发启程
I’ll set off for home the day after tomorrow
set up 创立建立（a record）创造……记录
Mr Jackson has set up a school in the village
Has Tom set up a new world record
★Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
group n 组团体
pop singer 流行歌手
club n 俱乐部
performance n 演出
occasion n 场合
★group n 组 团体
a group of 表示群团体
You can see a group of islands in the middle of the lake
group n 组合指合唱团（ Back Street 街男孩）
band n乐队（零点乐队 唱）
★pop singer 流行歌手
pop adj 受欢迎通俗流行众（popular缩写）
pop song(music)流行音乐
pop star 歌星
★club n 俱乐部
night club 夜总会
★performance n 演出
① n 执行完成履行
He is praised for the excellent performance of his duties
② n 表现工作情况
His performance in the mathematics exam is not very good
③ n 演出表演
The pop singers will give five performances
mance 名词缀
perform v 演出
★occasion n 场合
中文 某种场合 某种条件 某种环境中
英文 occasion time 某时候
this occasionon the(this) occasion 种时候
occasionally
课文讲解
1At present they are visiting all parts of the country
at present now 目前现
The doctor is very busy at present
nowadays adv 目前
up to now so far 现止
visit v拜访参观(歌手)巡演
visit+点 表示某
They stay in all parts of the world
visit some place 带职业相关目
visit china 某某中国访问
The headmasters of the New Oriental school visited Lanzhou里指演讲
all parts of the country 全国（all里意思种）
all parts of the world 全世界介词in
in all parts of the world 全世界
2They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station
will be doing 进行时态表示正进行动作说话设想已安排事情
进行时态意思等般时态
We will be acting 行动
most of the young people in the town 镇部分年轻(介词短语作定语)
most of + the… 数……(定加the’)
most of the books most of the time
most of the young people most young people
most students most of the students
★meet
① vt&vi（偶然）遇见遇
We met at a restaurant
② vt（约定点时间）……会面迎接
meet sb +点 某接某
Who will be meet you when you arrive in London
see sb off 送行 目送
③ vt（介绍）……相识见面
I’d like to meet your brother
3Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club
last night 昨天夜间tonight 天夜间tomorrow night 明天夜间next night 第二天晚
at the Workers' Club 工俱乐部
tomorrow evening 明天晚yesterday evening 昨天晚this evening 天晚
4The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days During this time they will give five performances
…will be staying here for five days 逗留五天
…give five performances 演出五场
5As usual the police will have a difficult time
as usual 象常样例
On that day he was late for work as usual
difficult里解释难付 费 劲 指 麻烦较
have a good time 玩开心
have a hard time 生活艰辛
have a difficult time 日子象时样惬意
6They will be trying to keep order It is always the same on these occasions
try to do sth 设法做某事 力做某事
order常意义次序序治安秩序讲
keep order 维持次序
public order 治安
occasion表示某场合时介词on连
on these occasion(s)逢种场合
the same 表示情况相
注意意思种表达方式
Why are you late What took you so long 什迟
Key structures
进行时
进行时 willshall+be+现分词构成通常表示久正进行动作进行时常表示说话设想已安排事
I’ll be working for my exams next month 月功书准备考试
By this time tomorrow I’ll be lying on the beach
进行时般时时表达意思差般时中will常具蓄意含义（表示语意愿决心许诺等）进行时具含义表示单纯者说陈述事实语气单 will时委婉客气
When will you finish these letters （司属）
When will you be seeing Mr White （属司）
Mary won’t pay this bill （拒绝付帐）
Mary won’t be paying this bill （事实）
Won’t you join us for dinner 起吃饭？（邀请）
Won’t you be joining us for dinner 会起吃饭？（事实）
Special Difficulties
名词格：
般某生物’s名词格放修饰名词前文清楚时名词省略名词格规
① 单数名词 s 结尾名加 's
② s 结尾单数名词加 's
③ 规复数名词 s 面加格符号 '
④ s 结尾名面 's 格符号 '
⑤ 果and连接两名第二名加's
时两格：
My brother’s neighbour’s sister is a nurse 兄弟邻居姐姐妹妹名护士
⑥ 生命物体面格时间关：
in twenty minutes' time
3 minutes' walk(drive) 走路开车三分钟路程
a month’s salary
表示值少钱格：
I want ten pounds' worth of minced meat （minced meat 碎肉）
How much damage was there 损失
There was a hundred pounds'worth of damage
★Lesson 14 Do you speak English
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
amusing adj 笑趣
experience n 历
wave v 招手
lift n 搭便车
reply v 回答
language n 语言
journey n 旅行
★amusing adj 笑 趣
The story is amusing （笑）
amused adj 感笑（笑出声）
I am amused
amuse v 发笑愉快
The story amused me
funny adj 笑（定笑出声指贬义）开心令开心
interesting funny story
★experience n 历（数）验（数）
① n 历（数）
He has a lot of experiences （历数名词）
② n 验体验（数）
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job （验数名词）
Does she have any experience in teaching
③ vt 验体验
Have you ever experienced anything like this
The village has experienced great changes since 1980
experienced adj 验验丰富
He is an experienced doctor
★wave v 招手
wave to sb 某招手
★lift n 搭便车
take a bustaxilift 公汽车出租汽车搭便车
B wants to take a lift 某想搭便车
I want to take a lift
A give B a lift 某搭便车
The student gave me a lift
thumb lift 拇指便车(路车辆竖起拇指表示求免费搭车)
★reply v 回答
replyanswer区：
① 作物动词样
He answeredreplied
② 作物动词样
answer sth
answer the letter 回信
reply to sth
I will reply to the letter 回信
Respond to
★language n 语言
native language 母语
The native language is Chinese
mother tongue 母语(口语中)
My mother tongue is Chinese
★journey n 旅行
journey n 旅行偏重陆旅行
go on a journey
2 hours' journey3 days' journey(三天路程)
trip n 短距离旅行出差(时间距离较短)
go on a trip go on business
travel n 周游（长途旅行）
tour n 游玩（玩）
tourist n 游客
voyage n 旅行(海)
flight n 空中飞行
课文讲解
1After I had left a small village in the south of France I drove on to the next town
after 引导句果时完成时定句完成时before 引导句表示……前句发生句前 句完成时
drive on 继续开（on加动词面表示继续）
My heart will go on 心永恒
drive to 开车某
副词on紧动词面时表示前 继 续 等 意义：
He talked on until everybody had gone 滔滔绝讲家走
I was reading when my friend called After he had gone I went on to read
朋友时正书走便继续书
表达方位表达方式3介词 in（……里面）on（接壤）to（没相接 相离）
A is to the east of B AB东方（AB相接）
A is on the east of B AB东方（AB接壤）
A is in the east of B AB东方（AB里面）
2On the way a young man waved to me
on the way 路 途中
wave to sb 某挥手
3As soon as he had got into the car I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language
as soon as …………面定加句子(时间状语句) 强调两动作连起 面先发生
As soon as I had entered the roomI took off my coat at once
As soon as I had received the letterI ringedcalled him back
状语句 旦遇时 变般现时
As soon as you arriveyou must call me 电话
表示某种语言作交际手段时介词in表示讲某种语言时加介词
I speak English I say a word in Chinese
That book is written in German
reply 想加宾语加 to (+回答容)in the same language 句中作状语 replay应回答问题(宾语) in
4Apart from a few words I do not know any French at all
apart from… ……外
not … at all 点表强调
I don't like it
I don't like it at all
5I had nearly reached the town when the young man suddenly said very slowly Do you speak English'
nearly
when翻译时具体情况 里译时
I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there
Do you speak English 说英语 说英语国家（问事实问会说英语）
Do you swim 游泳
Can you swim 会游泳
6As I soon learnt he was English himself'
I learn 知 I know 知道(知道)
As+语+动词句 （As my mother saidAs I heard As I learnt） 正……
As we knowthe New Concept English is very good 正知……
As I thinkit is the coldest day in the year
As he said English is easy to learn
himself反身代词单独放句尾 起强调作
I read English myself
Key structures
完成时
完成时： had+分词构成表示某时某动作发生前已完成动作情况较早完成时定时态作铺垫 动作定发生had done 完成时态句子中常连词 whenafteras soon asuntilby that time等常现完成时连副词alreadyjustnevernever…before常完成时连强调事件发生先次序：
I didn’t know that she was a famous actress until you had told me
The boys loved the zoo They had never seen wild animals before
完成时句子中没明确时间状语通文出动作发生先
Exercises D (正确时态填空)
1 The moment he had said this he ______ (regret) it
the moment as soon as …………面直接加句
2 It ______ (begin) to rain before she took a taxi
before引导句般时 句完成时
Special Difficulties
AskAsk For：
ask v 问询问请求求邀请
ask a questionask sb 问（问题）问某
I asked (Mary) a question
They asked Tony to sing a song
They asked her to spend the weekend with them
ask for 求（某样东西）
ask for the answer
I asked for a cup of coffee but they gave me a cup of tea
You are always asking for help
Except Except for Apart from
三者表示……外时互换except句首except for apart from
Everyone has helped in some way apart fromexcept forexcept you
Apart fromExcept for you everyone has helped in some way
apart from惯喜欢放句首 apart fromexceptbesides
果认整体中做件事情整体外做（包括）加号besides果认整体中做件事情整体外没做（排）减号except果放句首统apart from代exceptbesides
All the passengers are millionaire except us （减号）
I invited everyone except George Except for George I invited everyone
Except forapart from this everything is in order
except for含整体中某方面满意except for 放句首 强调整体中某方面外 剩整体错
The article is very good except for his handwriing
Except for his height he is very excellent
Which ofEither ofNeigher ofBoth of
面短语指两两件事
either of 两者中
neither of 两者
which of
both of 两者 we both
① 询问两更事物中偏爱选择时 which
I like both of these bags Which of the two do you prefer
② eitherneither两物言（接单数名词） either指one or the other（）eitherneitherof时指两事物中
either of sb ……中
neither of sb ……中（neither of（注意英音美音读音）两者间 旦出现 句话里面会出现not）
I don't like the book My sister doesn't like it either
Neither of us likes it (注意单数)
Which bag shall I use
Either of them It doesn’t matter which 行没关系
Neither of them Use a suitcase 行手提箱吧
③ both指两物名词前时of 代词前面时必须加of
Both booksBoth of the books are interesting
Both of usthem left early
④none of 三者三者间
Exercise
5 He could not answer(neither of)(either of)the questions I (asked)(asked for)
either of（前面not 选either of） asked
★Lesson 15 Good news
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
secretary n 秘书
nervous adj 精神紧张
afford v 负担起
weak adj 弱
interrupt v 插话断
★secretary n 秘书
两种发音样 history两种发音
secret n 秘密（注意发音secretary）
★nervous adj 精神紧张
① adj 神质神紧张
She is a nervous woman Do you see that nervous smile on her face
② 紧张担心情绪安
He had never spoken in public so he was very nervous
nervous adj 精神紧张（事情发生时）
worried adj 担心（事情）
upset adj 安 (前事情)
irritable adj 易怒急躁
Our teacher is an irritable old lady She gets angry easily
★afford v 负担起
① vt 买起（常 cancan’t 连）
afford sth
I can afford the coat
② vt 担负起（损失果等）花起（时间）（ 常 cancan’t连）
afford moneytime
I can afford the hoilday (时间)
I can afford five yuan
I can only afford one week for the trip
afford to do sth
I can’t afford to be ill again 病
I can afford to buy the book
③ vt 提供予
Joe afforded us a room for the night
★interrupt v 插话 断
interrupt v 断某话 +sb
disturb v 扰某 +sb
Sorry to disturb you
interruption n 中断断
课文讲解
1The secretary told me that Mr Harmsworth would see me
would里表示单纯时表示想…… ……意思：
What would you like to have
John wouldn’t lend me his bicycle
2He did not look up from his desk when I entered
look up 表示原先埋头干什抬头
He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise
look down （look up反义词）
look down uponon sb 瞧起某
I look down upon my sister
3After I had sat down he said that business was very bad
Business is very good 生意
4He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries
collect salary 领薪水
pay salary 支付薪水
large般指东西数量
so面加形容词副词such面加名词 容许该名词前面加修饰词
5I knew that my turn had come
turn n 轮流轮班（次轮流时）次机会
My turn has come
It is my turn 轮(口语常形式)
When his turn came he couldn’t speak any word
6'MrHarmsworth' I said in a weak voice
in a … voice ……声音
in a loud(声)low (低声)weak(强调心里踏实)strong(理直气壮) voice
7Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year
词表示 意思 注意法
① an extra thousand(作名词)
数量+extra+名词 少
On Sundays I usually get some extra sleep
Last month he was paid an extra hundred pounds
② two others two other +名词
③ two more
Give me two extraothermore books 两书
once more 次
④ another three days 外三天（another 数词面）
Key structures
间接引语
某说话告诉外时应该间接引语间接陈述句时态受引述动词影响引述陈述句时常动词saytelltell面必须表示称间接宾语（tell sb） say面to+讲话象
1致 句句时态致
① 句动词般现时 句意时态
② 句动词般时 句相应时态（时态倒移）
般现时——> 般时 现进行时——> 进行时
现完成时——> 完成时 完成时——> 完成时
般时——> 完成时
2称变化：第第二称变化
3属宾语句 引导词that省略
Special Difficulties
Nervous and Irritable
nervous adj 紧张安
Examinations make me nervous
irritable adj 易怒
He is such an irritable person you can hardly speak to him
容易发怒简直没办法讲话
Office Study Desk
office n 办公室
study n 书房
I often read in the study when I want peace and quiet
desk n 课桌
Exercises
1 We shall use the spare room in our new house as a ______
study
5 Since his illness he has been very ______ He is always losing his temper
irritable
Since his illness> 生病 （since +名词）
★Lesson 16 A polite request
New words and expressions生词短语（9）
park v 停放（汽车）
traffic n 交通
ticket n 交通违规罚款单
note n 便条
area n 段
sign n 指示牌
reminder n 提示
fail v 视忘记
obey v 服
★park v 停放(汽车)
No parking area 停车场
stop the car 车运动中停
★traffic n 交通
traffic police 交通警
traffic lights 交通灯义拐弯口 红绿灯 十字路口
traffic jam 交通堵塞
I spend a lot of time in traffic jam
heavy traffic 繁重交通
I was ordered to drive in heavy traffic （in heavy traffic 交通拥挤）
first crossingturning 叉路口 拐角
★note n 便条
note n 纸条 纸钞
make notes 做笔记
message n 消息
★area n 段
area n 场 段(块方) 点 点
place n 点
region n 区(交战 开火)
In this region there were a lot of wars 战火连绵
★reminder n 提示（指指物
remind v 提示 提醒
remind sb of sth
An older photo can remind me of my childhood
You remind me of your mother
remind sb to do sth
★fail v 视 忘记失败
① vi 失败
fail+宾语 做某事失败
fail (in) doing sth 某方面失败 （in省略）
He failed
He failed (in) examination
② vi 格
I hope I haven’t failed in the French test
③ vt ……格
The teacher said he would fail me if I don’t work harder
④ vt 未…………忘记……（接定式）
fail to do sth 没够做某事忘记做……
He failed to swim across the river
He failed to finish his work in time
Don’t fail to past the letter for me
not fail to do sth 定够某事
I can not fail to pass it
You can not fail to drive it 定够驾驶
If you arrived in Beijing you cannot fail to find the New Oriental School
课文讲解
1If you park your car in the wrong place a traffic policeman will soon find it
英语中指定代词通常 one日常会话中非正式you更常
One can never know what will happen tomorrow
永远会知道明天会发生什事
If you make a journey around the world you’ll see many beauty spots
果进行次环球旅行话会许风景胜
in the wrong place 合适方
wrong adj 合适 right adj 合适
He is the right person who you are looking for
They met(A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time
You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time
2You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket
let (sb) go 放开释放（某）
The man won’t let go (of) my arm 抓住胳膊放
He is very angry now He won’t let you go easily
without a ticketwithout giving you a ticket
If 引导条件句 without面名词条件
without+n 果没……
Without waterfish cannot live
3However this does not always happen
howeverbut 然however 常常放句首句子中but 惯放两句子间but 转折性
语义较强however转折语义较弱
4During a holiday in Sweden I found this note on my car 'sir we welcome you to our city This is a No Parking area You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs This note is only a reminder'
on my car 指车外面
welcome sb to+点 欢迎某某
enjoy v 享受
I have enjoyed my stay here 已快乐
Enjoy your stay here 祝玩开心
only a remindernot a ticket
No Parking句中作area定语干词合成词组型定语：
a nevertobeforgotten day 永远忘掉日子
a welltodo family 富裕家庭
Key structures
条件句（Conditional sentences）
if 引导条件句指够发生发生发生事件果认事件会发生 if 句中般现时（时形式现时）句中 will（ shall）加动词形式形式时
If he is sleepingdon't wake him up
条件句句中will表示肯定肯定会果觉肯定程度达 will程度者果想表达建议等意思情态助动词代 will条件句中句祈语气等表示请求建议等
You can post these letters if you want to
If it’s fine tomorrow we canmay go out
Please let me know if you cant’t come
Exercises C
5 If he ______ (enjoy) concerts why doesn't he come with us
5enjoys why doesn't第三称连 种建议 why not连起表示建议
Special Difficulties
Police and Traffic Police
traffic police 交通警
police n 警察
① n 警察部门警方（the连）
Ring the police if there is a burglary 果发生入户盗窃警方电话
② 警察（复数）
The police are questioning a foreign tourist 警察正盘问名外国游客
③ 果单指名警察policemanpolicewoman
There is a traffic policeman over there You can ask him the way to the station
Pay attention toCareTake care ofLook after
pay attention to （思想）注意
pay attention (to sth) 注意……
notice （眼睛）注意
care 关心 意
I don't care
Who cares？ (谁)
I don’t care if he breaks his neck 折断颈骨
take care oflook after 顾 料
Please take care oflook after the children for me when I am out
Remind and Remember
remind v 提醒
remind sb of sth remind sb to do sth
I reminded him to post my letter
remember v 记起 记
Do you remember 想起 remember sth
Remember 记(单独)
remember to do sth 记做……
Remember to send the letter
remember doing sth 记已做
I remembered sending the letter
remember sb to sb 前者者表示问候
Remember me to your mother 代母亲问
Exercise (选择正确词)
1 You can only learn if you(look after)(pay attention)
注意时候 会学东西
pay attention
★Lesson 17 Always young
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
appear v 登场扮演
stage n 舞台
bright adj 鲜艳
stocking n （女）长筒袜(棉 绒 现丝袜)
sock n 短袜
★appear v 登场 扮演
① vi 出现显露（反义词disappear）
The plane appeared
The plane disappeared
② vi 众露面登场（演出等）
The actor appeared
I can’t appear in this dress at the party
appear as 扮演……角色
He appeared as a prince (prince n 王子)
appear on the stage as… (扮演确切表达)
My aunt appeared on the stage as a young girl
③ vi 似起象（seem义）显(系动词面直接加形容词)
He appears nervous 显紧张(起)
She appears to know you
Now it appears you are wrong
★stage n 舞台
on the stage 舞台
in the stage 某阶段(时期)
★bright adj 鲜艳
bright red 鲜红色
bright yellow 明黄色
bright blue 宝蓝色
课文讲解
1My aunt Jennifer is an actress
ess结尾女性orer结尾男性
actor 男演员 actress 女演员
waiter 男服务员 waitress 女服务员
prince 王子 princess 公
lion 公狮子 lioness 母狮子
doctor 男医生 woman doctor 女医生
god 神 goddess 女神 (God 帝注意 G 写)
2She must be at least thirtyfive years old
年龄两种表示方法：
① 数字+years old作表语
thirtyfive years old 三十五岁
② 数字+yearold作定语
my fouryearold daughter
must + 动词原形 必须(现)推测
She must be a model
She is fifteen years old 五岁
She must be fifteen years old 五岁
She must be at most fifteen years old 十五岁
She must be at least fifteen years old 少十五岁
at least 少 少
If you can’t clean the car you can at least help me to clean it
at most
3In spite of this she often appears on the stage as a young girl
in spite of (of 介词 面定会加名词代词句)
in spite of this
In spite of this I still like school
（school前加the表示学加the表示学校）
In spite of what you have said about her she is much better than Mary
4Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon
join 参加某种团体
join sbsth
join the army 参军
join the party 入
join us (口语)加入(团体)中
take part in 参加某种活动
take part in the race 参加赛
take part in a play
take part in the party
attend 出席
attend the meeting 参加会议 出席会议
attend the party 出席宴会
attend the class 课
Thank you for your attending 谢谢家出席()
Thank you for your listening 谢谢家听讲
5This time she will be a girl of seventeen
两种年龄表达：
She is eighteen years old
She is a girl of eighteen
6In the play she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings
in (+颜色衣服) 穿着……样衣服介词短语取代动词避免句话中出现两动词
The boy in green
in a bright red dress 鲜红色连衣裙
brightorangecoloured dress 鲜艳桔黄色衣服
7If anyone ever asks her how old she is she always answers 'Darling it must be terrible to be grown up'
ever at any time 时候(时间副词)
it must be 定……(表示推测)
grownup adj 成年
be grownup 作成年
grow up ()成长
问年龄时样回答：
It is a secret It is privacy
I forget it
Key structures
情态助动词 must
Must 译必须表示必命令强制邀请决心推卸责等处含义没时态称变化通常现时时 时态时must含义have tohave got to三种形式般互换第称时have to(have got to)强调客观求外原must强调观求表示说话认权做某事
have tohave got to互换alwayssometimes 等频度副词连时 have tohavt got tohave got tohave to更口语化
时句子中 have to 表示 必须have to意时态
She will have to… She had to… She hasI have had to…
have to作实义动词 否定式don't have towill not have todidn't have to
表达难道（做……）时般Must you…Do you have to…
Must you leave now 难道非现走？
I’m afraid so I have to study for an exam
must表示推测must do表示现推测must have done表示推测
He must be mad
I think…he thinks…句中定事实说话 (说成 I think he must be a fool )
must be否定式can’t be（）：
Someone’s using the phone it must be John
It can’t be John He promised me he wouldn’t use it today
Special Difficulties
As法
① 作介词表示作 ……身份等
In this film he appeared as a policeman
As a mechanic he can’t always keep himself clean
② 作连词表示 正……时候 ……方式……样等
You must take care of the bady tomorrow as I am going to London（）
As we were talking about him he knocked at the door（正……时候）
Do as you are told 做做(告知样做)（……方式）
As I learned … （……样）
③ 担……工作
I work as an engineer
Dress Suit Costume
dress n 裙子晚礼服连衣裙(女式)
suit n 套装（男式）
My brother never wears readymade suits 弟弟穿成衣
costume n 演出服民族服装某年代穿服装
All the actors wore fifteenthcentury costumes 演员穿着15世纪服装
Grow and Grow up
grow vi 生长成长发育
Trees of the kind don’t grow in our country
How tall you’ve got You’ve grown a lot
grow up 长成成熟（动态表示长成）
Lucy has grown up a lot since I last saw her
次见露西已成熟许
What do you want to do when you’re grown up
Some people never grow up 总成熟起
Exercises
3 She hired a(suit)(costume)for the fancydress party
costume
fancydressparty 化妆舞会 hire v 雇租
★Lesson 18 He often does this
New words and expressions生词短语（3）
pub n 酒店
landlord n 店
bill n 帐单
课文讲解
1After I had had lunch at a village pub I looked for my bag
Pubpublic house（酒店酒店）缩写
Let’s go to the pub for a drink
2I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there
leave离离开出发意思表示（物）留遗留丢等
Have you left anything in the car
3'I'm very sorry' he said 'My dog had taken in into the garden He often does this'
he指店狗英语国家士常称代词heshe指喂养宠物
Key structures
have法
1have作助动词构成种完成时完成进行时
2have作完全动词作具拥讲时have got通常互换have做 患病 概念时 作实义动词 作非实义动词英国英语中疑问句否定句中 have（具）法 be相助动词do did美国英语中常do助动词have起构成疑问句否定句
I don’t have a pena headache
I haven’t a pen a headache
三种情况have have got取代
I have a pen I have got a pen
I have a headache I have got a headache 病
have to have got to
have作具拥讲时状态动词进行时态动语态通常般现时时态中般 havehave got
You can have these apples if you want them I’ve got a lot more
果想苹果走许
He must be very fond of animals to have five dogs 定非常喜欢动物会养五条狗
3have作完全动词时表示eatdrinkenjoytake等意思时行动词包括进行时种时态 have表示含义时必须助动词do等连构成疑问句否定句
have dinnerhave a cigarettehave coffeehave a holidayhave a good timehave a swimhave a rest
Exercises C
面句话中have got代have
1 He had a drink before dinner ⑴换
2 Mrs Sullivan has a lot of money ⑵换 钱
3 He had to leave early ⑶换
4 We have had a long conversation ⑷换 进行
5 My mother has a headache ⑸换 患病
6 They had a good time at the party ⑹换
have a goodlong time 愉快(固定短语)
7 This sock has a hole in it ⑺换
8 She has to be patient with him ⑻换 has to
patient n病 患者adj忍耐 耐心
9 I have a bath every day ⑼换 have a swimhave a bath
10 This room has four windows ⑽换
11 He has a farm ⑾换
12 We had a letter from Jill yesterday ⑿换
have a letter fromreceive a letter from 收
Special Difficulties
give固定搭配
give常含义予交
I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning
gave away 赠送
He gave away all his books to the library
give in 交呈交屈服步投降
Give in your examination papers after you’ve finished
You can do what you like I will never give in
give up doing sth 放弃抛弃
He gave up drinking a few years ago
give up 交出出
Jack has given up the watch he stole last week
Three of our officers gave themselves up to the enemy 方三名军官敌投降
Beside and Besides
beside pron ……旁边……附
Come and sit beside us
besides adv 外pron ……外（）
She has so much else to do besides 外许事做
I’m quite busy today Besides I’ve got a bad cold
There were a lot of people at the party besides us
★Lesson 19 Sold out
New words and expressions生词短语（6）
hurry v 匆忙
ticket office 售票处
pity n 令遗憾事
exclaim v 声说
return v 退回
sadly adv 悲哀丧气
★hurry v 匆忙
① vi 赶紧赶快匆忙
When he saw that it was already eight o’clock he hurried to the office
② n 急忙匆忙仓促
In his hurry he dropped some coins on the floor
in a hurry
If you are not in a hurry 果急(时间动作紧急)
If you are not busy 果忙(行匆忙)
in no hurry
I am in no hurry 急
hurry up
hurry to 匆匆忙忙
He goes to school He hurries to school
come in 进
hurry in 匆匆忙忙进
go out 出
hurry out 匆匆忙忙出
★pity n 令遗憾事
What a pity
It is a pity to be grown up (it做形式语)
It is a pity to steal a bicycle
I am sorry
I am sorry to hear that听消息遗憾
注意 sorry pity 词性区
★exclaim v 声说
① vt&vi（痛苦愤怒惊异欣喜等）喊惊
When she saw the gift she exclaimed in delight
② vi（表示抗议等）声喊
She exclaimed against the rudeness of the young man
shout cry call out 声喊
★return v 退回
① vi 回返回
Tim has just returned from Australia
return to 回
return to ChinaBeijing 回中国北京
② vt ……送回退回
He returned the books to the library
return to you 退回
return money ＝pay back repay 钱
★sadly adv 悲哀 丧气
涵盖悲哀
课文讲解
1'The play may begin at any moment' I said
at any moment 时候 时
The guests may arrive at any moment
It maymight rain (at) any moment
at the moment ＝now
at that moment ＝just then 时
I will help you at any time 时会帮
mustcan'tmay+动词原形 表示现未推测
She must be a model （must 定 ）
She may be a model （may ）
She can't be a model （can't ）
maymustcan't + have done表示推测
She mustmaycan't have been a model
I mustmaycan’t have watched TV
2I hurried to the ticket office 'May I have two tickets please' I asked
Can(May) I ……(表示……第称canmay相连)
May I have a ticket （英文中问句 常常起礼貌作）
May I have your name （ What’s your name 更礼貌）
Could I 现
（问句中更委婉说法 can I 更礼貌时间can没区）
Can you （第二称may表示……can）
have 活跃词 指意思
have coffee 喝咖啡
have ticket 买票 (惯法)
I'll havetake sth 买……(般buyhave惯法)
3'I'm sorry we've sold out' the girl said
sell out （店）售完（某种货物）（货）售完
They have sold out of eggs
Tickets for tonight’s performance are sold out
4'Certainly' the girl said 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance Do you still want them'
for next Wednesday's performance名词格取代时间……时间
介词for 起修饰作
ticket for+事情 ……票
ticket to+点 ……票
May I have a ticket to Tianjing
May I have a ticket for the sports meeting
still adv 意时态连
still yet 完成时态连(原先认)
want them 注意连读
5'I might as well have them' I said sadly
maymight as well+动词原形 ……(奈)妨……
I might as well take the umbrella with me
It’s not very far so we maymight as well go on foot
had better+动词原形 ……(积极心态)
Key structures
Can and May
1canmay表示请求cancouldmaymight代语气更委婉更礼貌时间没区
Can I use your phone pleaseCould I use your phone please
May I use your phone pleaseMight I use your phone please
含情态动词普通回答：
肯定：Of course you canmay
否定：No you can’t may not
2maymight表示推测……maymight代语气更委婉更礼貌时间没区
maymight +动词原形：表示现未事情推测
He may come tomorrowHe might come tomorrow
maymight +have 动词分词：表示事情推测
He may have telephoned last night but I’m not sure
He might have telephoned last night but I’m not sure
3maymight as well+动词原形：……(奈)妨……
Do you think he’ll pass that exam
He’ll never pass He might as well give up
★Lesson 20 One man in a boat
New words and expressions生词短语5）
catch v 抓
fisherman n 钓鱼渔民
boot n 靴子
waste n 浪费
realize v 意识
★catch v 抓
① vt 捉住逮住捕获
The police have caught the thief
Have you caught any fish today
② vt 抓住握住
Can you catch the ball
③ vt 时赶赶
catch a bus 赶车
I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London
catch④固定法
catch a cold 染感
catch one's breath 摒住呼吸
catch sight of see 见
catch fire 着火
catch one's eyes 吸引某注意力
★boot n 靴子
a pair of boots 双靴子
★waste n 浪费
① n 浪费
a waste of… 浪费……
It is a waste of timemoneyfoodwater
② vt 浪费
You are wasting time
★realize v 意识
① v 认识知道明白意识
I went into the wrong room without realizing it 意中走错房间
I realized that I was wrong
② v 实现（希目标愿等）
realize one's dream 实现某梦想
She has realized her hope to be an actress
③ 变事实发生（常动语态）
This plan can never be realized
课文讲解
1Fishing is my favourite sport
fishing动名词动词+ing组成动名词作语宾语eatingreading等等
★fish
①n 鱼（数名词）鱼种类（数）
There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea
②v 钓鱼 捕鱼
2I often fish for hours without catching anything
for+时间 表示段时间
for hoursfor some hours 数时
without catching anything作状语出现 表示结果状语without 介词面定加宾语 动名词catching作 without 宾语without 面动作语做动名词动词特性宾语
without通常表示缺乏没位动名词前时表示
I can’t repair the car without your help
They tried to leave the restaurant without paying
He went out without saying any words
3But this does not worry me
★worry
v ①烦恼担扰
worry sb 某……烦恼担扰（作动词定加作宾语 翻译时前翻宾语担心）
The house worried me My daughter worried me
① adj 担心
be worried about …………担心
I was never worried about this This does not worry me
4Instead of catching fish they catch old boots and rubbish
instead of… 原准备做……做……（instead of 面词定没做 放句面）
I went to school instead of staying at home 没呆家里学
I bought books instead of buying dresses
without强调没做某件事 instead of强调件事没做成做成外件事
副词instead作代反单独时般出现句尾
If you don’t want a holiday in England why don’t you go to Australia instead
5I am even less lucky
lesslittle较级意更少
I spend less time on English than on French
less+原形
A is less…than B AB
6After having spent whole mornings on the river I always go home with an empty bag
spend+时间+某 某度……时间
after
after
After I go to school I learned a lot of knowledge (般式表示事实 went to )
After going to school I learned a lot of knowledge
介词after宾语动名词having spent表示动作发生谓语动词go前动名词完成形式
with an empty bag 注意连读
with sth ……持……身带着……(状语)
Who’s the man with the beard
without sth 没带……
I always go home without angthing 什没带回家
7'You must give up fishing' my friends say
give up doing sth stop doing sth 放弃做某事
Give up smoking
8I'm not really interested in fishing
be intersted in sth doing sth ……感兴趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps
Key structures
动名词
动词+ing 作名词时称动名词动词属性接宾语动名词代名词做语宾语介词宾语
1动名词作语
Watching television is my favourite pastime 电视喜爱业余爱
2动名词作宾语
I am very keen on cycling 非常喜欢骑行车
He is capable of doing anything 胜事情
3利介词副词+动名词两句子连成句子
apologize for (not) doing sth 什事情道歉
I must apologize I interrupted you 表示道歉 断说话(工作)
I must apologize for interrupting you
断说话(工作) 表示道歉 （for interrupting强调interrupt动词）
I must apologize for having interrupted you（for having interrupted强调interrupt动词先发生强调时间 (having done)）两者时间概念意思相
congratulate (sb) on doing sth ……祝贺（某）
He congratulated me I won the competition 道贺 赢次赛
He congratulated me on winning the competition 赢次赛际 祝贺
He congratulated me on having won the competition
thank you for listeningattending
动名词表示完成时 having+分词结构强调动名词动词发生前面
4动名词短语
be keen on doing sth（热忠……）be fond ofbe interested inenjoy doing sth（喜欢做某事）
congratulations on doing sth （祝贺……）
be afraid of
be up tobe capable of (capable adj力 干 )
带动名词介词：beforeafterwithoutinstead of等
I can’t watch TV without falling asleep 电视时必定会睡着
5动名词否定式前面直接加not
Exercises C(括号中词连接列句子 需原句进行必改动)
2She bought a pair of boots (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes
She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes
＝She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes
4(After) She heard the news She fainted
after+句 after prep+doing
After hearing the newsshe fainted （faint vi昏晕 昏倒）
6(On) I saw the plane coming towards me I dashed for cover
on (prep)+doing …………（两动作必须）
On seeing the plane coming towards me I dashed for cover 进掩护体
as soon as …………
the moment +句 …………
两语定
Special Difficulties
Interested and Interesting Excited and Exciting
数现分词许分词作形容词ed结尾形容词常称语连表示情绪状态喜等ing结尾形容词常非称语连表明事物某种特征性质等
Fishing is not interesting I am not really interested in fishing
钓鱼没意思 钓鱼真正感兴趣
The match was very exciting The crowd got very excited
赛非常激动心 观众非常激动
be interested in sthdoing sth ……感兴趣
I’m interested in collecting stamps
It's and Its
it’s it is
It's ( it is) cold today It's raining too 天天气冷 正雨
its
This engine has lost its power 台发动机已失动力
Realize and Understand
realize vt 意识……
He didn't realize that he had made a mistake 没意识犯错误
understand vt 明白……
I don't understand English 懂英语
Exercises(选择正确词填空)
3There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio
exciting news
excited adj 感动 exciting adj 令激动
果–eding 做形容词作定语时修饰词关
on the radio 广播
I got news on the radioon TVon the telephoneon the line(线电话里)
4He is not an (interesting) (interested) person
an interesting person
interested adj 感兴趣 interesting adj 趣
5He is an explorer He leads an (excited) (exciting) life
an exciting life
explorer n探险家 探测者 探测器
lead a life 着……日子
lead a happy life
He leads a poor life
★Lesson 21 Mad or not
★mad adj 发疯
sb is mad
……疯狂（着迷）表示方法：
be mad about…
I'm mad about English
be crazy about…
go insane （insane adj 患精神病精神病患者极愚蠢）
I slowly go insanego crazygo madgo bananas
go bananas （go+adj 变……)
They are going bananas go crazygo mad (变疯)
★reason n 原
for this reason 理原
For this reasonI was late
as+句子 ……
because+句子 ……
★sum n 量
a sum of +数名词 笔……
a large sum of 笔…… (large 指数量)
a large sum of money 笔钱
a great many + 数名词复数
a great number of + 数名词复数
plenty of… 足够……
★determined adj 坚定 决心
be determined to do sth 定决心做某事
make up one's mind 定决心
decide to do sth 决定做……
make a decision to do sth 决定做……
determine v定决心
课文讲解
1Mad or not mad or not mad
or not 疑问词面表示选择概念
2Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad
drive sb mad 逼某发疯
You are driving me mad
The teacher is slowly driving me mad
3I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day
night and day 日日夜夜夜继日 (注意连读)
passing planes 飞机 （passing现分词作定语起形容词作修饰 planes(路)）
He forgot the man with passing time 着时间消逝忘掉
sleeping baby 正睡觉孩
waiting car 正等车
4The airport was built years ago but for some reason it could not be used then
years前面加确定数词时般表示许年years ago many years agoweeks等法相似
I have not seen him for weeks
some+数名词数名词复数 ……
some+数名词单数 某……
for some reason 某理
I’ll tell you someday
We’ll talk about it some other time 改日谈件事
5Last year however it came into use
however 然（句首 句中 逗号隔开）
use
① n
come into use 启开始（动概念没动式）
When did the train come into use
The road came into use last month
② vt
be used （动）
6Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise
over a hundred… 百……
must have been done 发生 表示推测动
away from 某离开（away 离开某） drive sb away from
out of somewhere 某出
7I am one of the few people left
one of… ……(表示特指群东西中面名词复数)
One of the girls standing over there is Tim’s sister
You can take one of these bags
left 表示留leave 分词 left 作定语放修饰词面
left 剩……东西相Who are left (by the others) 走留
I have a bag left
There is ten cents left in my pocket （cent n(货币单位)分 分币）
8Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane I have been offered a large sum of money to go away but I am determined to stay here
knock down 撞倒
offer v 提供（相given）
双宾语动语态中语两种 sb做语sth做语
give sb sth——>动 sb be given sth
give sth to sb——>动 sth be given to sb
双宾语变动时离动词宾语做语
原文句型结构 sb be offered sth
Key structures
动语态
动语态部分情态动词连（包括具情态功willwould）
He may have been told the news
The shops must have been closed now
动词+宾语+定式结构中动词动语态定式中动语态：
Mary was told to meet us They told Mary meet us
句型动词+间接宾语+直接宾语中两宾语成动句语间接宾语通常间接宾语成动句语时候：
Sam was given a gold watch A gold watch was given to Sam
Special Difficulties
Drive法
①v 开车 驾驶 (drove driven driving)
drive to… 开车某
I drove to Tianjing yesterday
② vt 赶驱赶围赶（猎物敌等）
drive sb away from 某赶走
drive sb out of 某赶出
During the war many people were driven out of their homes
drive sb back 撵回
Our army drove the enemy back
③ vt 逼迫迫
drive sb mad 逼疯
The death of all her children has driven her mad
Home and House
home n &adv 家家庭家园（着重指居住常爱温暖舒适安全等隐含意义带感情色彩）
I have a sweet home
house n 房子房屋住宅（指建筑物）
Tom must be somewhere in the house 汤姆肯定屋子里某方
★Lesson 22 A glass envelope
★dream v 做梦 梦想
① vt 做梦梦见
dream that +句
I dreamtdreamed (that) I was in Scotland
② vi 做梦梦见（ofabout连）
dream on 继续做梦 痴心妄想(做梦吧痴心妄想)
dream ofabout sth 梦想
I often dream ofabout you
dream of doing sth 梦想
I dreamed of flying in the sky
I dreamed of finding the gold I dream of being a good teacher
think of 想考虑想起
Do you ever think of the girls you met at a party
会想起晚会遇姑娘？
③ n 梦梦想幻想
have a dream dream a dream 做梦
Have a goodsweat dream 祝做梦
Have you heard of the American Dream
dream boat 梦中情 梦寐求(物 )
Do you have dream boat 梦中情
daydream 思想开差做白日梦 dream on
She is daydreaming
★age n 年龄
teengager n 十岁
adolenscent n 青春期(般指成年前1315发育期)
★throw（threwthrown） v 扔 抛
① vt 投扔抛
Don’t throw stones at the dog
Throw the ball to Tom
throw away 扔掉
Shall I throw this old newspaper away
② ……准目标……作出举动
George was very happy today Julie had thrown a smile at him in the morning
The boss threw him an angry look
课文讲解
1My daughter Jane never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland
位语 My daughterJane
dream of doing sth 梦想幻想……
…of one's own age 年龄……
He is boy of my own age
receive…from… ……收……
2Last year we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle
the Channel the English Channel 英吉利海峡
with放句子面做状语放名词面做定语里with her name and address on it修饰名词a piece of paper
I have a bag with books in it(in it 省略)
3Both girls write to each other regularly now
write to sb 某写信
write (a letter) to me
each other 相互彼强调两者间相互 (注意连读)时短语指许间互相
We must all help each other
one another 强调三三者相互时代 each other
4Letters will cost a little more but they will certainly travel faster
cost意（）花费价钱……语通常某物某件事情
It costs a lot to buy a house
sth cost (sb) ……花某……（钱）
The dress cost me twenty pounds
more做形容词 做代词文中 more 代词 more money
give me more 点
a little 稍微修饰较级much修饰较级译
It's a little hotter
It's much hotter
That is more expensive （贵）
That is a little more expensive （稍微点贵）
That is much more expensive （贵）
but they will certainly travel faster
but they will certainly travel much faster
Key structures
of from in on动词
动词+介词固定短语通常分开宾语部分动结构：
1接of动词：accuse of（控告）approve of（赞成）assure of（……放心）beware of（谨防）boast ofabout（夸耀） complain ofabout（埋怨）consist of（……组成）convince ofabout（信服）cure of（治愈）despair of（丧失……希）dream ofabout（幻想）expect offrom（期）hear offrom（听……消息）beget rid of（摆脱）smell of（闻）suspect of（……猜疑）think ofabout（思考）tired of（……感厌烦）warn ofagainst（警告……危险）
Someone must warm him of the difficulties 必须提醒困难
He has already been warned of them 已警告
Don’t expect too much of your child
He must have spoken of the matter to John
I have never heard of the actress
2接 from动词：borrow from（……）defend fromagainst （保护……免）demand fromof（……求）differ from（）dismiss from（解雇）draw from（……中出）emerge from（……出现）escape from（……逃出）excuse fromfor（允许……）hinder from（阻止）prevent from（妨碍）prohibit from（准许）protect fromagainst（……提抗议）receive from（接）separate from（……分开）suffe from（受难）
He has already received money from three aunts 已收三姑妈钱
He borrowed three books from Mary
He always asked for help from parents
3接in动词：believe in（信仰）delight in（喜欢）employ(ed) in （事）encourage in（鼓励）engage(d) in（正做）experience(d) in（……验）fail in（没）help inwith（帮助）include in（包括）indulge in（沉醉）instruct in（教导）interest(ed) in（……感兴趣）invest in（投资）involved in（卷入）persist in（坚持）share in（分享）
She delights in working hard 喜欢努力工作
He failed in his French test 法语考试没通
Jack helped me in driving the sheep home 杰克帮羊赶回家
Mrs Turner is experienced in teaching 特纳夫教学验
4接 on动词：act on（遵守）based on（……基础）call on（拜访）comment on（评）concentrate on（集中）congratulate on（祝贺）consult onabout（商量）count on（赖）decide on（决定）depend on（）economize on（节约）embark on（事）experiment on（尝试）insist on（坚持）lean onagainst（倚……）live on（……生）operate on（起作）perform onin（扮演）pride(oneself) on（……感豪）rely on（）vote on a motionfor someone（……表决(投……票)） write onabout（写……事）
I think he wrote on the cost of living 想写关生活费方面
He finally decided on going home 决定回家
You can’t live on fruit only 吃水果
Last Sunday we called on Mr Dupont
★Lesson 23 A new house
★complete v 完成 (喜欢建筑工程连)
① vt 完成结束
complete the building
Work on the new school will be completed next year
② adj 完整全部
鲁迅全集中 全集 complete
Do you know the complete story
This is a complete family
③ adj 十足彻底绝
There is complete silence in the room
That was a complete surprise
finish v 完成
finishcomplete homework
finishcomplete doing sth 某事做完
I finish reading a book
★modern adj 新式 现代
modern historyart 现代史 现代艺术
modernization n现代化
★strange adj 奇怪(表示东西熟悉觉奇怪 陌生)
①adj 外异乡
Living in a strange land is not always a pleasant thing
② adj 陌生生疏
That morning he saw a strange face in the classroom
be strange to sth ……惯 ……陌生
This city is quite strange to me
stranger n 陌生
③ adj 常奇特奇怪古怪
The house looks strange to some people
A strange thing happened this afternoon
★district n 区行政划分区域 城市
district n 区行政区域带通常隶属某整体具某理特征
Haidian District 北京海淀区
The Lake District of Northern England is very beautiful 英国北部湖区非常美丽
area n 段
region n带区域方(世界某特定)区 (艺术科学等)领域 (气 海水等)层
课文讲解
1If she comes she will get a surprise
get a surprise 感惊奇（里 surprise数名词指令惊奇事意想事）
It’s a surprise to me that they can’t sell their flat
surprise作数名词表示惊讶
She looked at the man in surprise
to one's surprise I get a shock 吃惊
2We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country
a beautiful new house
离名词词该词关系密切 冠词肯定放前面
spare old cloth 穿旧衣服
a big red flag 红旗 (flag n 旗 标记v 标记)
3Work on it had begun before my sister left
work（工作作业）抽象数名词……工作面必须介词on
4In my letter I told her that she could stay with us
stay with ……暂住起 （stay vi 暂住逗留）
He stayed with his uncle last week
Special Difficulties
There is and It is
说明询问物等存时 there be 结构种结构般现时般时般时现完成时等时态there表示存必须it称代词作进步说明：
There’s a bus coming but it’s full
There’s a man at the door It’s the postman
it作虚语表示时间距离天气等概念时 there be结构
It’s fifteen miles to the station
Exercise(itthere填空)
3 ______ were some men digging up the road outside my house
there There+be+sb+doing+点 某某正做某事(典型句型)
digging up 挖出 找出
4 Look at those clouds I think ______ will be a thunderstorm
there 表示天气时候 面果动词形容词 it 果名词 there be
It is raining(动词)It is cold(形容词)
There be +名词 There is a rain 场雨
thunderstorm n雷暴 雷雨
9 After dinner ______ will be a long discussion on politics
there
on politics 关政治 (politics n政治 政治学 政纲 政见)
10 When will ______ be convenient for you to come
it
When will it be convenient for you 什时候说方便
★Lesson 24 It could be worse
★manager n 理(力 办事)
boss n 老板（钱）
head n 头领导（表示重系亲密物）
★upset adj 安(事发)
nervous adj 紧张安(事发前)
★complain v 抱怨
① vi 抱怨发牢骚诉苦（常ofabout连）
complain ofabout …(to sb) 某某抱怨……
Don’t complain aboutof the weather
I compianed of my salary to my boss
② vi 控告抗议（ofabout连）
The people in that district complained to the police about the noise from that factory
家工厂噪音太已警方投诉
Mary complained to the Jacksons about the rubbish they had thrown everywhere
杰克逊家乱扔垃圾玛丽已提出抗议
★wicked adj 坏 邪恶
① adj 邪恶坏（道德坏 evil 代）
She saw a wiched smile on his face
② adj 淘气顽皮（尤指孩）
Don’t be so wicked Tom
③ adj（天气）恶劣
Few people walked about in this wicked weather
★contain v 包含 装(强调容器装)
container n 集装箱容量
contain v 容器装
The cup contains water The cup is full of water
The bag contains books
include v 包含
★honesty n 诚实
honest adj 诚实
honestly adv 诚实
I honestly don’t know 真知道
课文讲解
1I entered the hotel manager's office and sat down
the hotel manger’s office 名词修饰名词
telephone number 电话号码
the village fair 乡村集市 (the fair of the village the fair in the village)
2I had just lost 50 and I felt very upset
lose vt 遗失丢失（宾语般钱物）
Don’t lose your key
feel +形容词般指心情觉……感觉……
feel upset 心烦意乱苦恼
3The manager was sympathetic but he could do nothing
could do nothing could do nothing about it 事力
I could do nothing to help you 没办法帮 力
Can you help me
SorryI could do nothing for you Certainly Of couse It’s my pleasure
4'Everyone's losing money these days' he said
days指时期时代in his boyhood days（童年时代） these days指现进行时态取代般现时 英文种修辞方法 表示满 种感情
5He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door
start to do sth start doing sth 开始做某事两者区
a knock at the door (敲门声)
knock at the door (敲门 指动作)
6A girl came in and put an envelope on the desk
A girl came in with an envelope and put it on the desk
★Lesson 25 Do the English speak English
railway n 铁路
railroad 铁路（美）
railwayrailroad station 火车站
★several quantifier
several＝a number of… 修饰数
several times 许次（说some times）
some 修饰数 修饰数
a great number of… 量
some time 段时间
some time age 段时间前
sometime adv 某时
I will defeat you sometime (总天败)
sometimes adv 时 偶尔
★wonder v 感奇怪
① n 奇迹奇观奇惊奇惊讶
Jane is a wonder She never fails in her examinations
the seven wonders of the world in ancient times 世界古代七奇观
② vi&vt 感惊讶感诧异……事情感奇怪
They wondered that there was a modern building in district
wonder at sth
I wonder at the beauty of the old town
③ vt&vi（……）感疑惑怀疑想知道
wonder +if +句 否……
I wonder if you have any spare time
wonder +特殊疑问词 +句 (陈述句)
I wonder what time it is
I wonder why you are late
I wondered where you were going
Could you tell me how to get toI wondered how to get there 问路
no wonder 难怪
wonderful adj 极
课文讲解
1Do the English speak English
English里均名词第指英国前面加the表示群体面动词必须复数第二指英语指语言时前面加冠词
The English often talk about the weather
English作形容词表示英格兰英国英国等
English相似单词FrenchChineseJapanese 等
2I arrived in London at last
arrive vi 达
arrive at 点arrive in 点
When will you arrive
reach vt 达……（面定加宾语）
When will you reach(arrive in) BeiJing
get to+宾语 达……
When will you get to BeiJing
How can I get there
homethere 副词副词动词连时候需加介词arrive 样般reach
homethere定样写home作名词there代词 作副词
get home 家get there
3The railway station was big black and dark
列表达方式中前面逗号隔开 两and连接
balck 颜色(建筑物)
The room is black
dark 没光线
It is dark
4I did not know the way to my hotel so I asked a porter
the way to … 通……路
Can you tell me the way to…
I don't know the way to… Can you tell me how to get there
I don't know the way to the school and where is it
I know the way
know sth well ……熟悉
I know the boy well
5I not only spoke English very carefully but very clearly as well
not onlybutas well not only…but also… …………
I can speak not only Chinese but English as well
Mary not only found her aunt but stayed with her for two weeks as well
Not only you but also I will go there语列(般)
not only喜欢放动词前面般遇实义动词非实义动词时候 惯放两者间
I can not only speak Chinese but English as well(更惯说法)
I not only like my mother but my father as well
as well身含义
If you go home tomorrow I’ll go as well
He lent me his pen and his dictionary as well
6He answered me but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly
neither…nor… …………
Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to New York
7My teacher never spoke English like that
like里介词表示……样
There’s no one like you 没样
He speaks like a foreigner
To learn English well is to study hard
口语中 To learn English well is study hard (没to)
Letter Writing
写信址位信纸右角称信头址面总接写日期
St Steet缩略
逗号址里表示前者属者
I am in class 1Grade 1
日期里 月日间需逗号月日序互换年代前逗号日期序数词出现月份定英语字母 February the fourth 1998 the fourth of February 1998 Haidian District(海淀区) BeiJing China(点句号)
Key structures
列句中语序
通列连词简单句连接起构成列句列句中分句根文求逻辑次序排列分句等重独立存
列连词表示加（and）（butyet）选择（or）连续（andthen）结局结果（so）however 句号面 单独成句 前边句子意思承接 没语法承接 语法承接表转折 but 列句连词：andand thenbutsoyetornot only…but…as well …………neither…nor… …………either…or… 者……者……both…and… 两者 yet adv 然 放句末句中 否定句 疑问句相连 现完成时较
Have you finished yet
yetbut 连词放两句子间 起转折作
or adv 者 否
Hurry up you will be late Hurry upor you will be late
语and both…and连接 通常采复数谓语动词
Both the girl and the boy are his friends
语 neithernoreitherornot onlybut also or 连接时谓语动词nororbut also面词致英语语法中称原离动词名词单数 整语视单数离动词名词复数 整语视复数
Neither he nor I am going to the airport
Not only Mary but also her parents have jgone abroad
★Lesson 26 The best art critics
upside down 颠倒（两样音连起时 前面音声读）
★art n 艺术
art student 艺术系学生
I am an art student （注意连读）
English student 学英语学生
student of England 英国学生
art gallery 艺术画廊 (gallery n 长廊 游廊画廊)
black art 巫术
artist n 艺术家
artiste n 艺
★critic n 评家
criticise v 批评 批判(指批判 完全责备意思)
He criticised my painting
criticism n 批评 批判
critical adj 挑剔
You are critical
critically adv 爱挑剔
★paint v 画
draw a picture 线条画
paint a picture 强调油画
painting n 画
oil painting 油画 Chinese painting 中国国画
Beijing opera 国戏 京剧
★pretend v 假装
pretend to do sth 假装……
When his mother came inthe baby pretended to go to sleep
pretend that +句 假装……
★pattern n 图案
① n 图案
pattern drills
② n 模式 典范
★material n 材料
listening material 听力材料
★appreciate v 鉴赏 ＝ understand and enjoy
appreciate sth 感激……
I appreciate your help 感激帮助
appreciate doing sth 喜欢做某事
enjoy v 欣赏享受乐趣
I like…
I love…
I enjoy…
I appreciate… （程度深）
I like sth
I like sth very much
I like sth better
I like sth best
★notice v 注意
① vt 注意察觉（进行时）
You never notice what’s going on around you
notice 细节注意 没注意东西 注意 细节东西
I notice the beauty spot(美痣)
pay attention to 思想注意
② n 注意察觉
The girl in red caught his notice
③ n（书面）通知布告海报
I know there’s a meeting because someone put up a notice outside the Town Hall
★whether conj 否
if表示否时候whether取代if表示果时候whether取代 whether…or not if
If it will rain… (条件状语句 时 will)
Whether it will rain…Whether it will rain or not…(加 not )
I wondered if it will rain(加 not )
★hang v 悬挂 吊
① vt&vi（……）悬挂吊
A pretty curtain hangs over the window
hang — hung — hung v 悬挂
The coat was hung
hang — hanged — hanged v 绞死 吊死
The thief was hanged
② vt&vi 垂
John was very tired He sat in a chair and hung (down) his head
③ vt&vi安装……转动摆动
Have you hung the door 门装？
★upside down 颠倒
① 颠倒
When he stands on his head everything appears upside down to him
② 乱七八糟混乱堪
My little boy always makes the room upside down
These men have made the whole country upside down
课文讲解
1They are just pretty patterns
just处指仅仅（）
It was just a wrong number
just意思刚正正
It’s just six o’clock
I’ve just heard the news
2We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material
pretty curtain material 漂亮窗帘布
in the same way that as… 正……样
The son walked in the same way thatas his father walked
I love you in the same way that I love my father
I love you just in the same way that I love money
in a way 某种方式
3I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else
else anyoneanything 等定代词面表示外加else 疑问代词连 who elsewhat else
I can find nothing else here excep an old dictionary
They can appreciate modern arts best
better than anyone else (表示高级含义)
较级表示高级：
The teacher is the tallest
The teacher is taller than anyone else (else少 语anyone中排)
The book is more expensive than anything else
4My sister is only seven but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not
连接词whether…or not表示选择：
I don’t know whether you are interested (in it) or not
You must help him whether you like him or not
否喜欢（）必须帮助
5'I'm hanging this picture on the wall' I answered
the windows in the wall picture on the wall 注意介词
6'It's all right' she said 'but isn't it upside down'
Isn’t it upside down ＝It’s upside down 否定疑问句没否定意思起肯定作起强调作表达种情绪
Aren't you lucky 真幸运
Isn't it a boy
Key structures
般现时
般现时表述现特征状态常表述常性惯性动作带普遍性情况频度副词般现时表示普遍性真理
情绪相连 状态相连 思维活动相连动词进行时态般现时动词：appearappreciatebebelievefeelfindforgethearknowlikelook likenoticerememberresembleseethinkunderstand 等等
Special Difficulties
Speech marks 引号
书面语会话中引号（单引号双引号）实际话括起引号英文中第次出现单引号 第二次出现双引号 英文中书名号引号代
注意事项
① 引号位行 应句尾标点符号—逗号句号问号—外
② 引语第词写字母开头
③ said asked等词面逗号 位句尾时 面句号
④ said asked等词置引语间时 句子半部分写字母开始
⑤ 新说话开始讲话时 起段落
★Lesson 27 A wet night
★field n 田 田野
in the field 田野里
in one's field ……领域
He is an expert in his field
football field 足球场
airfield 飞机场(介词on)
★smell (smelledsmelt) v 闻起
① vt 嗅闻
I’m smelling the fish to see if it’s all right 正闻条鱼否新鲜
I can smell something burning
② vi 闻起……气味散发……气味
You smell of soap 身肥皂味
smell 系动词 接表语 接形容词
The food smelt good (说成 smell well well 副词 身体 well )
taste v 尝起
The food smelt goodand it tasted better
sound v 听起
feel v 感
① 心理感
I feel ill
② 手感受
The blackbroad felt cold
感官动词：looktastesoundsmellfeel
You look fine
You look better
You look beautiful
③ n 气味
I can’t stand the smell in this room
★wonderful adj 极
Great (物相连口语中更)
Excellent adj卓越 极(相连)
She is an excellent teacher
Outstanding () 站出
Brilliant adj灿烂 闪耀 气
Fantastic
★campfire n 营火 篝火
fire 数数 (堆堆火数 炉子里火数)
★creep (creptcrept) v 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚) 行爬
creep out 蹑手蹑脚(注意 偷偷摸摸)
climb v 爬
climb the tree climb up or down (爬)
crawl v 行爬
The baby is crawling on the floor
★sleeping bag 睡袋
动词加ing 变成形容词作定语两意思
① 正…… ：sleeping dog
passing plane 正路飞机
② 做…… ：leeping bag
listening material 听力材料 walking stick 拐杖
★soundly adv 香甜
sleep soundly 睡甜
表示睡觉短语：go to bed 床go to sleep 睡觉fall asleep坠入梦乡（fall半联系动词）sleep well睡sleep deeply 睡沉fall fast asleep 睡香（fast asleep 熟睡）
★leap v 跳跃 跳起
jump v 跳
jump up and down 原跳跃
leap v 跳跃 距离(沟边跳边 位置变化)
Look before you leap 三思行
leap yearmonth 闰年月
skip v 课文行跳单词文章
Let us skip it
★heavily adv 量
rainsnow heavily 般雨雪连
smoke heavily 烟瘾重
He smokes heavily
★form v 形成
①vi 形成产生
During the conversation an idea formed in his mind
Ice forms when it is cold enough 果冷定程度冰会形成
② n 形状外形
The ice cream is made in the form of a ball
③ n 表格
If you want to enter for the competition you must fill in these forms
果想报名参加赛必须填写表格
★wind (woundwound) v 蜿蜒
① v 蜿蜒
wind one's way 蜿蜒行
The road winds its way
② n 风v 刮风
★right adv 正
right 做副词时强调边形容词副词介词短语强调动词 just换
Right here
Right here waiting for you 等候
I found my lost watch right in the graden 花园里找丢失手表
just like 正 just as 正
边加代词时just：just you right代
课文讲解
汉语英文意义等 没字等
My idea is the same as yours 想法样
I agree with you(口语)
I think so(口语)
1A wet night
英文中表示 湿 词：wetdampmoist (湿程度减少)
wet adj 湿淋淋（反义词 dry）
You are wet
damp adj 感觉太舒服
moist adj 潮湿 n 潮湿稍湿（感觉舒服湿润）
moist cake 松软蛋糕
moist eyes 水灵灵眼睛
dreamy eyes 梦幻般眼睛
humid adj 指气候较潮湿
2Late in the afternoon the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field
late in the afternoon 傍晚
early in the morning 清早
put up set up 搭建（强调搭搭草棚等）
build 建（强调精心设计建造）
build a car 制造汽车 (般 make a car )
make a desk
in the middle of ……中……中间（相两边表示理位置表示时间某程中)
in the middle of the river 河中心
He heard someone shouting in the middle of the night
Mary was in the middle of reading when her aunt arrived
in the center of ……中心……中部中央（相四面般表示理位置腹）
陆腹 center
Alice Spring is a small town in the centre of Australia
3As soon as this was done they cooked a meal over an open fire
open fire 野外生火 篝火盆火（指遮盖没围起火）
cook a meal 做顿饭
4After a wonderful meal they told stories and sang songs by the campfire
表示……句式：after+句doingn
after I arrived > After my arrival 达
when the plane arrived > after the arrival of the plane
After his arrival we have a party
After the arrival of the flowersI took them and went to my girlfriend's
……旁边：
at the door 门边 (紧挨着)
sit at the table 桌边
by ……旁边 (会紧挨着 会远通常指距离非常)
Come and sit by me
There are many trees by the river
next to
He sits next to mewho is the next （表示紧邻着）
the next door to my house（next door 隔壁）
beside next to ……相邻
next to beside the village
near 附
near the village
5But some time later it began to rain
some time later 段时间
some time earlier 段时间前
some time ago 段时间前
a few hours earlier 时前
later表示
He told me he would come again later (on)
I met her again a few days later
6The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent
put out 熄灭火
I put out the fire
be out 火动熄灭
The fire is out
7In the middle of the night two boys woke up and began shouting
in the middle of the nightmidnight
at midnight 午夜
the midautumn day 中秋节
wake up 醒（语醒）
wake sb up 唤醒
开始干某事：begin doingstart doingbegin to dostart to do
8It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field
果强调某东西动形成 动态 果强调某东西 动态里 river formed 河流动形成
When I'm getting close to the doorthe door opened (动门)
The door opened 强调门动开
The door was opened 门开 强调
10The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent
wind表示曲折行时物动词物动词
wound one's way 蜿蜒行
The car wound through the village
right处表示强调意正恰恰种法见口语中：
I met him right here
He hit the man right on the nose
Composition
I am very tall(so)(but)I must be careful Doorways are often low(and)(but)I usually(beat)(knock)my head against them My head always(hurts)(pains) I have never(met)(recognized)a tall architect Have you
soandknockhurtsmet
doorways n 门栏
knockbeat：knock 声撞beet 持续撞击
against prep 相作力 (政治 反 )
hurtpain：身体某部位+hurts表示某部疼痛pain 表示疼痛名词
My hand hurtsI have a pain in my hand
I have a pain
meet 遇见 recognize 认出 (原熟悉次认出概念)
Letter writing
信头部分序：门牌号码街名城市名称区国家日期居住国外写信时需写国名 址行逗号结尾行句号日期面标点符号
Special Difficulties
put关短语动词：
put up with 容忍忍受
I can’t believe that he can put up with this
put up
① 搭建搭建
They put up their tent in the middle of a field
② 安排住宿……提供膳宿夜宿
It’s raining heavily We must put them up tonight
雨晚必须安排住宿
put out 扑灭
They put out the fire and crept into their tent
put on 穿
I’m putting on my coat
put away ……收放
Your room is untidy put your things away
I have put away all my clothes
put off 推迟拖延
Don’t put your exercises off until tomorrow
The meeting has been put off
put down write down 记写记录
Have you put down the boss’s words
Multiple Choice
6 They sang songs by the campfire They sang songs ___b___ the campfire
a close b near c besides d at
beside ……旁边 besides ……外
close to 离……(必须 to )
close to me 离
my closest friends 亲密朋友
9 The boys had put out the campfire The fire wasn't ___d___
a switched on b on fire c on d alight
be on 演 亮着(般指灯亮着)
What's on in the cinema today
The lights were on last night
switch n 开关v 开关
The light was switched on 强调通开关开
on fire 起火
The house is on fire 房子起火
alighta开头形容词表语形容词
The fire was out 火熄灭
★Lesson 28 No parking
★rare adj 罕见
① adj 罕见
rare 指世界少
rare animal 稀动物rare bird 珍稀鸟类rare illness 疑难杂症
scarce[ ] adj 缺乏足稀充足（少表示某时间段某方少）
Watermelon is scarce in winter （watermelon n 西瓜）
② adj 生
well done 全熟
medium adj 半生半熟
★ancient adj 古代 古老
ancient Egypt 古埃
antique adj 古代古玩古董古老价值
antique furniture 古董家具
★myth n 神话事
fairy n 神仙事
★trouble n 麻烦
① n 麻烦
I'm sorry to put you in trouble 抱歉带麻烦(口语)
ask for trouble 找麻烦
He is asking for trouble
have trouble in doing sth 做……时遇麻烦（书面语）
I have trouble (in) parking the car
I have a lot of trouble parking the car
② v 麻烦
WomanManChild troubles 女男孩子真麻烦
Never trouble troubles until troubles trouble you 永远寻烦恼
Let sleeping dog lie 找麻烦 (let sb do sth)
★effect n 结果 效果
have an effect 效果
have no effect 没效果
have effect on ……效果
The advice has no effect on me
课文讲解
1Jasper White is one of those rare people who believe in ancient myths
one of +名词代词 中（of面名词必须复数结构连动词必须单数）
One of your friends is waiting for you now
果定语句中出现one of作先行词 边关系代词指代面复数名词果 one of前面修饰词 (the) only边关系代词指代one词 作单数
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths
one of 直接作语时候 做单数
One of the answers is ture
One of those people is good
believe vt 相信认
Do you believe that cats eat grass
believe in 信信赖（格力量等）信仰相信……存相信……价值
I believe in God 信仰帝
I’ve never believed in John
2He has just bought a new house in the city but ever since he moved in he has had trouble with cars and their owners
ever since since 直（ever since语气since强句般完成时）
I’ve been interested in flying ever since I was a boy
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since
have trouble doing 做……麻烦
have trouble with sb 某相处麻烦
I have trouble with my roommate
3Because of this he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once
because作连词面接句
You can’t remember his name because you aren’t really thinking
because of 介词短语面句名词代词动词 ing
He came back early because of the rain
be able to 语般 表示力做can表示天生学力时现时时（could）时时中表示力时必须be able to现时时中cancouldbe able to般互换完成时中般be able to
Tom is only 9 months old and he is already able to stand up
I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I’ve had a few ★Lessons
get sth into ……弄进
get his car into his garage
drive the car into 车子撞……
I drove the car into the wall tree
even once 甚次（even 起强调）
4It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen
I have ever seen高级标志 做定语句 修饰前边faces
果关系词句中做宾语 关系词省略 I 前which省略
This is the most difficult thing I have ever done
This is the most terrible news I have ever heard
两结构定高级：
of+范围
of all the students
in+点
He is the tallest in the room
5Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone
hope 面加that句
turn sth to… 前者变成者
turn the prince to a frog
He was turned to a frog
They have turned the famous beauty spot tointo an ugly place
6But none of them has been turned to stone yet
none ofneither of做语时做单数
Composition
My wife (drives) (leads) a car She has (driven) (ridden) a car for many years (and) (but) she says that women drivers (do not deserve) (are not worth) their bad reputation Yet on the road she often (criticizes) (judges) other women drivers drivesdrivenanddo not deservecriticizes
reputation n名誉 名声
judge n法官 审判员 裁判员 鉴赏家 鉴定 (J)高审判者 vt审理 鉴定 判断 判决 断定 认 vi判断 作评价
Key structures
Wht has happened 现完成时
现完成时连副词副词短语：before(now)so farup totill nowjustalreadynoweverneversincefor 等since般时间点连for般时间段连
Special Difficulties
关系句关系代词
关系句称定语句形容词句形容词样形容物事件关系句分限定性关系句（带逗号）非限定性关系句（带逗号）
表示关系代词：whowhomthatwhose（口语中whom常who代）
表示事物动物关系代词：whichthat
关系代词四概念
① 代 做语宾语who做宾语whom
② 代物 做语宾语 which
③ 代代物 做语宾语 that
④ whose代表东西句子中成分决定(定指)
关系代词面加句先行词放定语句前面 两句话含词 定语句修饰词
I have a book thatwhich he likes( book 先行词 thatwhich 关系代词)
关系代词两功 承 启(句中 book 作句宾语)
The boy who is standing at the door is my brother
I can do anything that I can do 愿意做力事情帮助
The boat whose name is
I have a house whose windows are broken 房子 房子窗户破
关系代词关系句中作宾语时省略作语时
The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kink father
whose 面定加名词 然部分做语宾语
The boy whose sister is standing at the door is my brother
妹妹站门口男孩弟弟
The pilot whose plane landed in a field was not hurt
飞机降落田里飞行员没受伤
He is the right person I am looking for
Exersise(需方填who which thatwhose)
1 The only games ______ I play are football and tennis
填 （果填 that 句中作宾语省略）
先行词果only 序数词 形容词高级修饰 边关系词that
4 This is the hotel at ______ we are staying
which 句中 at 原 staying 边
介词加物话 加which加话 whom thatwho
She is the girl whowhomthat I stayed with (句中 whowhomthat 省略)
She is the girl with whom I stayed
That is the house in which I live
6 That is the horse ______ won the race
which
选which that句子中词避免重复 句首已 that 选 which that
Who is the man that is helping you 谁正帮助（who避免重复）
7 He is the sort of person ______ everyone admires
填 person 先行词 句中做宾语
★Lesson 29 Taxi
★taxi n 出租汽车
taxi driver 出租车司机
take a taxitake a bustake a lift
★land vi 着陆
Whose plane landed in the field
★plough v 耕
plough n 梨v 耕 犁 犁耕 费力穿 艰苦前进 考试中淘汰
farm n 农田家场
★lonely adj 偏僻 迹罕见(方)
lonely adj 孤独 孤僻()
She felt lonely 感孤独（观）
alone adj 单独 独二 孤独 独adv 独
She is alone 独（事实 客观）
★roof n 楼顶（外面）
raise the roof v 喧闹 声抱怨
ceiling n 天花板（里面）
hit the ceiling 勃然怒 暴跳雷 怒发冠（美口语）
★block n 块 座楼
★flat n 公寓房
a block of flats 公寓楼 (英国英语)
a block of apartments 公寓楼(美语apartment n 公寓)
office block 办公楼 写字楼
★desert v 废弃
①v 废弃
desert the house let the room empty
②n 沙漠 毛
课文讲解
1The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'
called a Pilatus Porter’分词短语作aeroplane定语般分词短语作定语时放修饰名词代词单独分词作定语时放修饰名词代词前面
He landed in a deserted car park
a race across the Atlantic
call sb sth 某……
be called 称……
The instrument was called a clavichord
分词做定语时作动状态翻译
I have an instrument called a clavichord
a ploughed field 耕田 a deserted car park 废弃车场
written English 书面语 spoken English 口语
colloquial language 口语
2The most surprising thing about it however is that it can land anywhere on snow water or even on a ploughed field
that 句处表语句宾语句中that省略定语句中关系词句中做宾语时省略
The most surprising thing is that… （surprising 词换）
The most exciting thing is that we can win the football match
The happiest thing is that I can visitsee(stay with) mother during the Spring Festival (the Spring Festival 春节)
To one’s surprise …
3Since then Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places
since then 时起（强调起点）
so far up to now 强调终点
★fly
① vi 飞飞行
The aeroplane is flying over the river
② vt 空运（客）
fly sbsth To… 开飞机送某物……
He has flown his car to France
drive sb to… 开车送某……
My friend drove me to Tianjin
4Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion he landed in a deserted car park
once…and on another occasion 次……次……
Once I met him on the street and on another occasion I met him in the library
5Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman
request from sb 某请求
request for sth 求
6The man wanted to fly to Rockall a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous
take sb to … 送某……
too 副词形容词前表示否定含义强调程度愿做
too expensive 太贵（买起）
very 强调程度深
You are very kind
very expensive 贵买起
dangerous adj 危险
Composition
The plane (not only) (neither) (flew) (threw) close to the river (but) (or) also flew under a bridge (Then) (However) it (climbed) (ran) into the air The people on the bridge (waved) (shook) to the pilot (and) (yet) he did not (notice) (look after) them not onlyflewbutThenclimbed(ran 没climb表达更确切)wavedyetnotice
Key structures
般时现完成时
般时强调动作身现完成时表示始持续现动作表示确定时间发生现某种联系动作
I hope you washed them before you ate them
Up till now I have never been abroad before
Special Difficulties
Refuse and Deny
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
I offered to pay him for his help but he refused (payment)
deny doing sth deny that +句 否认（指控做某事等）
The secretary denies that she has stolen the letter
refuse 作物物动词表示 拒绝接受 时 deny混 refuse作物动词表示 拒绝予拒绝求时deny互相换
All those not holding tickets will be refused denied entry 票者入
BringTakeFetch
bring v 某处某物带离说话越越
He brought the book with him when he came to see me
take v 走离说话越越远
He took the book with him when he left
fetch v 某某物取双程动作(双动作)
Please fetch me a glass of water
Very and Too
very adv 非常（very描述状况涉果）
I arrived very late but I caught the train
too adv 太（too表示太……引起某种果）
I arrived too late and I missed the train
★Lesson 30 Football or polo
★cut v 穿
① vt &vi 切割剪
Would you please cut the cake in half
I read this story in the paper this morning and cut it out for you
天午报纸读事便剪
cut one's hair have a hair cut 理发
cut the tree 砍树
cut down the tree cut the tree down 砍倒树
cut the head off 砍脑袋 (off away from)
cut off electricity 切断电源
cut sth into pieces ……切成片(碎)
② vt 割破划破
cut oneself 割伤
③ vi 横穿穿越（介词acrossthrough）
cut acrossthrough 直着穿
The road cuts acrossthrough the forest
cut a corner 走捷径超路
When you learn English never cut a corner
No pains no gains
★row v 划(船)
① vt& vi 划船
My brother is rowing 划船 （row 强调动作）
go boating 划船（强调玩）
② vt 划船载运
Can you row me upacross the river 划船送河游岸？
He rowed her home 划船送回家
★kick v 踢
kick me 踢脚
kickback n 回扣 佣金
I get a kickback of 2000 Yuan
kick upstairs 明升暗降
He was kicked upstairs
well to go (美语) well done (英语) 做错
★sight n 眼界 视域
catch sight of… 见
catch sight of the bird see the bird 见鸟
out of sight 视线外
Out of sight out of mind 眼见心烦
in sight 视线
The bird is in sight
long sighted 眼光长远 远视眼
sb is long sighted
short sighted 目光短浅 视
课文讲解
1I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons
like to do sth 喜欢……（次性）
I like to drink tea
like doing sth 喜欢……（惯性）
I like drinking water
on afternoons 餐 逢午
2It was warm last Sunday so I went and sat on the river bank as usual
as usual 常样
3Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat but he did not hear them
call out 声呼喊
I heard someone calling out for help
call out to sb ……声喊
Mary called out to her father but he was too far away and couldn’t hear her
4The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water
so…that… ……致…… (that 引导结果状语句)
The teacher speaks so fast that I can't catch the word
My brother walks so slowly that he can't catch up with me (赶)
The English is so easy that I can learn it well
so面副词形容词 名词时 such +n +that…
5I turned to look at the children but there weren't any in sight they had all run away
in sight 见视野（反义词out of sight）
There were not anything in sight
No bus is in sight
In the afternoon we came in sight of the village
Composition
The wind(threw)(blew)his hat into the river He(put)(took)out his hand (and) (but)tried to
(reach)(catch)it(so)(but) he could not(so) (but) he(jumped) (fell) into the river(and)(but) got it
blew 吹 take out 出（put out 扑灭） andreach够着（catch 接住 抓住） butsojump 跳 (fall 掉进)and
Summary writing
4The man in the boat neither saw the ball nor heard people shouting
6Howeverthe man was not angry and he threw the ball back to the bank
but 连接两句子 中间逗号隔开however副词 表示意思转折 放句首放句中 逗号词隔开
Key structures
The Some and Any
some否定句any通常否定句疑问句some表示邀请语气中疑问句中果期回答肯定取代any
Do you want some Would you want something
Do you want any drink 想喝点什(愿意喝)
Would you want some to drink
姓名名国名（非复合词）前面通常加冠词特指海洋河流山脉部分复合词形式国名前定定冠词the表示世界独二东西时通常加定冠词the
It can get very rough in the Mediterranean 中海中会非常静
Many great cities are built on rivers Paris is on the Seine London is on the Thames and Rome is on the Tiber
许城市建河岸 巴黎塞纳河 伦敦泰晤士河 罗马第伯尔河
I know a man who has been on climbing expeditions in many parts of the world He has climbed in the Alps the Himalayas and the Rocky Mountains
认识参加世界登山探险 攀登阿尔卑斯山喜马拉雅山洛矶山
such面aan起强调作
I’ve never seen such a strong wind before
Exercises D (必方填冠词athe)
1 ______ refrigerators are necessary in ______ hot countries
2 Which river is ______ longest ______ Nile ______ Amazon or ______ Mississippi
3 Heyerdahl crossed ______ Pacific on ______ raft
4 Why is ______ Britain sometimes called ______ United Kingdom
5 We sailed up ______ Red Sea and then went through ______ Suez Canal
1填
in hot countries 指炎热类国家 the
2 thethethethe
Nile 尼罗河 Amazon 亚马逊河 Missisippi 密西西河
3thea
the Atlantic 西洋
raft n 木筏子（ by加修饰by raftonin般加theaan里指类没特指加a）
4 \the
果单词作国家 基加 the方说 ChinaAmericaBritain旦词成缩略形式 前面加the：the USA
5thethe
横渡海峡across运河相连介词 through across
★Lesson 31 Success story
★retire v 退休
retire stop working stop doing this
He is getting old He is going to retire 越越老 算退休
I'm going to retire next year 明年会退出影坛歌坛
I'm so tired that I'm going to retire now (retire go to bed)
★company n 公司
firm n 商行
corporation n 责公司
limited corporation 限责公司（缩略形式：LtdCo）
business n 生意公司
He works in my business 公司工作
★save vt 积蓄
① vt 挽救救助拯救
save one's life
The doctor saved the child’s life
They saved the child from the fire
save one's face 挽会面子
② vt 积蓄储蓄
He used to save letters
save money 存钱
He saved (money) for years to buy a car
西方喜欢提钱 save up 表示存钱
I have saved up for many years 已存年钱
Save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪 需做准备
★workshop n 车间
workshop n 车间（工作出卖）
workhouse n 感化院（强迫劳动方）
★helper n 帮手 助手
assistant n 助理
★employ v 雇佣
employee n 雇员 employer n 雇
trainer n 教练 trainee n 接受训练
课文讲解
1Before he retired Frank was the head of a very large business company but as a boy he used to work in a small shop
head首领头目意思the head of+名词意思……老板头
John is the head of the family 家
Frank is the head of the firm 弗兰克家公司总裁
used to do sth 常常 现做
My teacher used to live there 老师住(现住)
He lived there 住(知道现否住)
work…as… 作……工作
He used to work as a teacher
as a boy as he was a boy （as意思……时候）
as a young man 年轻时候
2It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day
at that time just then at that moment 时
3He saved money for years and in 1958 he bought a small workshop of his own
of one's own 属（own代词）
Do you have a house of your own
my own book (own 起强调作 )
of one's own one's own 修饰词位置决定 果修饰名词前边 of one's own 果修饰名词边 one's own
4In his twenties Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes
in one's ies 某十岁时候
in one's twentiesthirtiesfortiesfiftiesnineties十倍数复数形式表达似非确定数量格形容词连时表示约年龄
in my fifties 五十岁时候
In his fifties he learned the second language
in the 1980s 二十世纪八十年代
I worked began the job in the 1990s
5In a few years the small workshop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twentyeight people
has become 成长……
in a few years 年
…factory which employed… 工厂雇佣……（雇佣外工厂公司样表达)
6Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success
one’s hard early years early in one’s life 某早年艰辛（生活）
the long road to success 通成功长路
There is a long way to go 长路走
remember v 记 回忆起
memory n 记忆 memorize v 记住
Key structures
进行时般时
进行时表示某时刻某段时间正进行动作般时常句子里般时相更强调动作持续性般时表示较短暂动作事件叙述事时进行时表示背景
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
As I was getting on the bus I slipped and hurt my foot
used to do
used to do 表示现已存惯便现形成面常 but now…but not…any moreany longer等构成般现时句子强调现处
I used to smoke but I don’t any morelonger
He used to be a postman a long time ago He's a taxi driver now
久前邮递员 现出租车司机
I have given up smoking I used to smoke very heavily
已戒烟 吸烟厉害
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy
男孩时 常搜集邮票
used to仅般疑问句否定句形式助动词 doused身
Used he to smoke
He usedn’t used not to smoke
较常形式diddidn’t
Did he use to smoke
He didn’t use to smoke
针used to提问时般did：
I used to be a good swimmer
Did you really I didn’t even know you could swim
Special Difficulties
Experience
① n 历(数名词)
He told me about his experiences as a young man
n ②验(数名词)
They want someone with a lot of experience for this job
Does she have any experience in teaching
vt ③验体验
The village has experienced great changes since 1980
experienced adj 验验丰富
John is an experienced driver
Save
vt& vi ①救助搭救拯救
save one's life 挽救某生命
The doctor saved the child’s life
save one's face 挽回面子
vt& vi ②储蓄积攒 earn a lot of money mortgageloan
save money 存钱（余钱）
He saved (money) for years to buy a car
save it for a rainy day 未雨绸缪
economize v济节省（节衣缩食）
Work and Job
workjob翻译工作job数名词般职业职位关表示某份事work 作工作讲时数名词常指具体劳动作业（做）工作事务等表示班
John is looking for a new job
I’m looking for work as a driver
I am looking for a new job
It was his job to repair bicycles
Composition
Frank (not only) (neither) (repaired) (made)his grandson's bicycle (but)(also)went for a ride on it(as well)(both) He (said)(told)me laterI(make)(do)aeroplanes (and) (but) I prefer bicycles’
not only repaired but as well told make but go for a ridego for a walk 骑车出出散步 ride a carbicyclehorse
go for a ride on sth (行车 on ) 出骑车
prefer vt更喜欢 宁愿
★Lesson 32 Shopping made easy
New words and expressions生词短语（6）
once adv 前
temptation n 诱惑
article n 物品东西
wrap v 包裹
simply adv 仅仅
arrest v 逮捕
★once adj 前
once ①long long ago 久前
once ② 次
I visited my mother once a month (次)
③once 连接句表示旦
Once you leave my company you must return the house
★temptation n 诱惑
temptation to do sth ……诱惑
temptation to steal 偷窃诱惑
resist the temptation to do sth 抵抗……诱惑
(resist vt 抵抗 反抗 抗 忍住)
I can't resist the temptation to laugh
★article n 物品 东西
① n 文章
This is a good article
② n 物品 东西（强调商店里东西 数名词 单独东西 独立体）
thing n 指东西（article相互取代）
cargo n 船货 (车船飞机等运输)货物
goods n 货物 商店里货物总称
★wrap v 包裹
wrap sth up ……包
Please wrap them (up) for me 请包
pack v 包（指携带 运输方便包）
I will takegethave it Please wrap them for me Please pack them for me
★simply adv 仅仅
simply only just
★arrest v 逮捕
① vt 逮捕扣留
When she was arrested she refused to say anything
The criminal was arrested
（criminal n 罪犯 犯罪者adj 犯罪 犯法 罪恶）
② n 逮捕扣留
sb be under arrest 某逮捕
Tony is under arrest now
controlunder control 控制控制
③ vt 吸引（注意等）
arrest one's attention 吸引某注意
The beauty of the woods arrested the tourists 树林美丽景色吸引游客
He was arrested by her words 话吸引
课文讲解
1shopping made easy
made 分词 意思（标题句子 标题省略 be）
make v 制造……样
make the room clean
make shopping easy Shopping be made easy(句子)
2People are not so honest as they once were
as…as… ……样（as+ adjadv +as +较象）
This case is as light as that one
It is as heavy as that one 东西东西样重
as…as…否定形式not so…as…not as…as…
It is not as heavy as that one 东西东西重
I am taller than youyou are not as tall as I
less +原级 +than＝not as…as…not so…as… ……样……（较状语句）
I am not so lucky as those fisherman
once表示前时动词式连：
He once worked at a large company
3The temptation to steal is greater than ever beforeespecially in large shops
the temptation to steal 偷窃诱惑力
The temptation to smoke is strong for him （to smoke定式）
表现现较 两种方式
① they are they were it is it was等时态
they are they were 时态
You are more beautiful than you were 漂亮
You look better than you were (省略句 You look better)
Is this your car It was my car 前车子
You were worse （表示You are better更差劲 表示现前更）
I think 想……
I thought 原……
② 短语than ever before
People are not so honest as before People are not so honest as they once were
4A detective recently watched a welldressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings
watch v 观察 监视 心(口语中)
watch the enemy
watch sth 心
Watch your head (威胁)
well+动词分词组成复合形容词做定语
welldesigned 设计错
welleducated 教养
5One Monday there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in so it was easier for the detective to watch her
as usual 象常 than usual 常
so it was easier for the detective to watch her (句中easier潜较含义it 形式语for sb中sb逻辑语
It be动词+形容词+for sb to do sth 某说做什事……
The teacher bought a lot of dresses to make her more beautiful
(更漂亮 more 时会产生误会more表示尊重)
out of politeness 出礼貌 (politeness n 礼 优雅)
6After a little time she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible
after a little time 会
hand…to… 递(较权威)
handed it to an assistant (前 o 结尾 元音 开头 读时需间加[ ]音 ：my heart go on)
pass sth to sb 传递(更常)
hand in 交
wrap sth up for sb 某包……
as … as possible ……
I have sent you as many books as possible
He went home as soon as possible
7When she was arrested the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter
find out 发现……（宾语般抽象）
find out the truth 发现真相
find sth 找……(sth 见 模着 具体)
I find the pen (pen具体)
8The girl 'gave' her mother a free dress once a week
free adj 免费
Children under five years old travel free 5岁童免费旅行
fee adj 交费
fee parking 收费停车场
once a +表示时间名词表示频率：
He comes to the office once a day
Key structures
较状语句
较状语句含暗含……相意思 than… more…than…种结构外包括as+形容词副词+as…not soas…as…less…than…等结构句子里两动词相时态样时第二动词省略较句成含蓄句果东西明显避免重复句中成分甚整句省略类句子完整
People aren’t so kind as they used to be
No they’re becoming less kind 变友善
He is as quick in answering as his sister (is)
He answers as quickly as his sister (does)
He is not soas quick as his sister
littlefew法
littlea little数名词起little表示否定点没含义口语中常 not mucha little表示肯定具some含义
He has (very) little hope of winning this race
He hasn’t much hope of winning this race
Have we got any bread
Yes there’s a littlesome in the fridge
fewa few复数数名词连few表示否定little相似口语中not manya few表示肯定some含义
They had few guests last weekend
They didn’t have many guests last weekend
little较级lessfew较级fewer
During the holiday there is less noise in the building
There are fewer travelers than there usually are
Special Difficulties
A and One
定冠词a通常表示确定事物第次提事物a强调面名词 one强调 意思：
It was one apple I ate not two
There is a book and a pen on the desk
表示强调时aone时互换：
She will come home in aone week’s time
叙述事时常one+表示时间名词句首 a：
One Monday he went to the office as usual
★Lesson 33 Out of the darkness
★darkness n 黑暗
in the darkness 黑暗中(没光线情况)
★explain v 解释 叙述
explanation n 解释
Could you give me an explanation 解释
interpret v 解释 (强调翻译)语言间解释
interpreter n 解释程序解释者口译员翻译员讲解员
interpretation n 解释 阐明 口译 通译
interpretress n 女翻译员
★coast n 海岸（理意义海岸 海岸线等 感觉旁边岩石 陡峭
seashore n 海岸（游玩关系 游玩）
seaside n 海边
seashore seaside 感觉旁边沙滩 进行日光浴感觉
bank n 河岸坝堤（两边水面高）
★storm n 暴风雨 (解释风暴)
snowstorm n 暴风雪
thunderstorm n [气]雷暴雷雨
rain heavily 表示雨
pour v 灌注 倾泻 涌入 流 倾盆雨
The rain is pouring 倾盆雨
It's raining cats and dogs 滂沱雨
★towards prep 接
towards 强调nearer and nearer（强调越越）
★rock n 岩石 礁石
rock 表示huge stone （huge adj 巨 极 限）
★ahead adv 前面
a开头词（asleepawakealiveaheadalight…）表语形容词作表语形容词副词放名词面般形容词放名词前面
ahead 法：
① 放修饰词面作定语 定语置
light ahead 前方灯光
② ahead of… ……前面
He went ahead of me 走前面
③ go ahead 前走请便(回答请求时)
Would you mind my using your telephone Can I use your telephone
Ok go ahead
Can I smoke here
Go ahead Sorry +原(事实 口)
★hospital v 医院
hospital 前面否加 the功关系旦+the 表示点
go to hospital 病 go to the hospital 医院（病）
in hospital 住院 in the hospital 医院
课文讲解
1Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her
nearly adv
nearly a week 快星期
段时间句型：
sometime later…
Three days later my mother returned （强调某做某事简单句)
Three days passed and then my mother returned 列句 强调某做某事 强调时间(久)
…passed before…
Three days passed before my mother returned 强调时间(久时间 时间状语句 面句)
be able to强调力 够成功(强调成功)can 表示力
I can swim across the river 游条河（没游知道成功）
I was able to swim across the river
2One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm
set out set off begin a journey 出发
set out from… ……出发
be caught in+灾难 （突然）遇（风暴等）
be caught in a earthquake (earthquake n 震)
I was caught in a rain 遇场雨
As soon as he left it began to rain
He was caught in a rain when he left 刚离开 雨
遇meet 遇灾难be caught in…
3Towards evening the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea
towards evening 天越越晚
strike 强调猛烈撞击
4Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water
to强调方 没强调越越towards方强调距离越越
5During that time she covered a distance of eight miles
cover笼统表示行（段路程）根文具体译走飞游等
The bird covered the distance in three minutes
a distance of+具体长度 长距离表示具体距离
the red army covered a distance of 25000… 两万五千里长征
6Early next morning she saw a light ahead
a light ahead 前方盏灯（ahead 放修饰词面）
7On arriving at the shore the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen
on +动名词相as soon as＝the momentwhen引导时间状语句as soon as＝the moment面加句子on 面定加动词ing 承认动词句语做
On reaching the airport he was arrested by the police
…up the cliff towards the…两介词起动词作up处介词表示着……
8That was all she remembered
all作表语先行词 she remember 修饰 all 作定语句 省略 that
That was all I wanted to say 想说全部
That was all I can do for you＝I can do nothing else for you
9When she woke up a day later she found herself in hospital
find +宾语+宾补 发现……（宾补形容词介词短语充）
find the books tidy 发现书摆放整齐
I found the books in order
When I woke up I found myself in bed
Key structures
表示方目介词副词
① 表示两品词on offup down
Jim’s standing on the roof I hope he won’t fall off
Tom’s climbing up the tree I hope he won’t fall down
② 表示品词fromtotowards（强调越越）意义to（强调目标）相表示接等for 动词面表示意思
The ball was coming towards me
The plane flies from Moscow to New York
He went for home
leave for… 动身某（强调离开出发）
Yesterday my father left for Tianjin
set out for… 动身某
He left set out for New York yesterday
head forto 前 （强调）
③ 表示进出两种方介词into（进入）out of（出）表示某方……里面外面at（含种瞄准概念方性）inout of等表示目位置at
aim atfire at(瞄准开火)throw atthrew to the bank
Tell him go into my house
Did you stop anywhere on your way to the office
办公室路方逗留？
④ 表示穿越绕等动词时throughacrossunderoverround等介词
How did you get through the fence 穿篱笆？
How did you get over the wall
Special difficulties
Pass and Past
passpast区词义区pass动词式passed分词passedpast作物动词时表示通（考试）超等作物动词时表示（时间等）消逝
Your sister passed me in her new car driving great speed
I’ve passedpast my French test
A month has passedpast since I left home
past 作形容词介词名词等作形容词时表示前等作介词时表示超出（范围等）作名词时表示昔时事等
Frank is proud of his past experience
I go past the garden
Can you tell me something about your past
Next and Other
next表示时间序紧接果现基准 next前般加the果某时间基准 next 前面加 the修饰词
next day 第二天
Mary phoned the next day to tell us that she couldn’t come to the party
第二天玛丽电话告诉参加晚会
the other day a few days ago (天前)
Mary phoned the other day to tell us that she had arrived in London
前天玛丽电话告诉已达伦敦
the other day 出现定时next day式 式
★Lesson 34 Quick work
★station n (警察)局 (定军方 警方关系)
post office 邮局
police office 警局
I went to the police 警察局
communication bureau 交通局 （bureau n 局）
★most adv 相 非常
① adj 高级表示……
This is the most beautiful car I’ve even seen
② adj 数部分
Most doctors don’t smoke
③ adv 非常（相very通常表达观感情见解等）
加the时译加a什加时译非常相(very 概念)常形容词作分词连
a most interesting book 非常趣书
I was most surprised when I heard the news 非常惊讶
课文讲解
1Quick work
quick adj 动作快 fast adv 速度快 soon adv 时间快
have a quick meal
quick freeze 速冻
2Ted Robinson has been worried all the week
worried adj 焦虑担心
worry vt 担心发愁
She appears to be worried byabout something 象什事发愁
3Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police
the local police 警察局
local adj 方性
local news 新闻 local color 色彩 方色彩
local people local call 市话
native n 土著adj 土生土长
4In the letter he was asked to call at the station
call at (some place) 拜访某
call on sb 拜访某
asktellexpectwantallowrequestorder sb to do sth 请求某做某事
sb was told 某告知告诉某
I was told that yesterday you did something wrong
he was told thatto do (动) someone told him that… (动)
5Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more
wonder表示想知道时面疑问词引导句
She wondered who that man waswhat had happened
want动语态时表示想（某见面谈话等）缉追捕
Please wait a minute I’m wanted on the phone 请等电话
This is the man (who is) wanted by the police
notany more no more
I don’t talk to you any more 会谈话
I walked no more 走
6Five days ago the policeman told him the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away
pick up （偶然意外）找获学会
I’ve picked up a bad cold
I picked up some French while traveling in Paris
巴黎游览期间学句法语
He picked up the book in a small library 图书馆发现书
five miles away类结构直接做定语 放修饰词面
The school is five miles away 学校五里外
the school five miles away 五里外学校
I live in a house which is five miles away I live in a house five miles away
7It is now being sent to his home by train
句语动语态现进行时结构amisare +being +分词
The clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my father’s
home 前旦加修饰词(文中his) 名词
8Ted was most surprised when he heard the news
most surprised中 mostvery意思常起形容词作分词连
letter writting
址中通常缩略形式 St (Street) Rd (Road) Sq (Square) Ave (Avenue) Pl (Place)词缩略形式 Lane Drive（行车道） pics pictures secs seconds
Special difficulties
call关短语动词
① call on sb 拜访探
Have you called on George recently
② call (sb) up 某电话（美语）
If you want my help just call up
③ call at +点 （某家方）进行短暂访问
He calls at every house in the street once a month
④ call out 声喊
Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat
⑤ call off 取消（某项活动）
For some reason they have called off the partythe meeting
⑥ call in 召集
Exercise 练
2 It's too late to go to the pictures Why don't we call the whole thing ______
go to the pictures 电影
call the whole thing off 取消
★Lesson 35 Stop thief
★while n 段时间
while some time 会
wait for a while 等会
after a while 隔会
★regret v 悔
① regret sth 悔……
You will regret it 会悔 定会悔
② regret to do sth 遗憾做……
I regret to tell you a bad news 遗憾告诉坏消息 (没说)
③ regret doing sth 遗憾已做……
I regret telling him the news 真悔告诉消息
I regret to steal your money
④ regret that +句 遗憾……
遗憾：pity
It's a pity
I am sorry to…
★far adv 非常
far＝much 修饰形容词副词较级 注意most 修饰形容词副词 较级
较级前加修饰词表示程度点点a littlemuch
★rush v
① vi 奔
rush vi (腿)
While I was talking to Frank a man rushed into the room
run v 跑(速度快)
② vt&vi 仓促行事仓促完成赶紧做
Roy rushed (through) his lunch and left for the staion
Tom always rushes his homework on Sunday evenings
③ n 猛奔
Roy made a rush at the thieves
★act v 行动
Act (口语) 行动
take action to do sth 采取行动
★straight adv 径直
① adj 直笔直
He drew a straight line on the paper
This road isn’t straight
② adv 笔直
go straight on 径直前走
You’ll see a tower straight ahead 会正前方塔
③ adv 径直直接
John always goes straight home after work
Roy drove the bus straight at the thieves
★fright n 害怕
get a fright 惊吓感觉（类似 get a surprise）
You give me a fright 吓跳
give sb sth 带感觉
give me a pleasurean excitementa fright
frighten vt 惊吓vi 惊恐
You frighten me
This doesn't worry me
frightening adj 令感怕 frightened adj 感怕
动词够加inged 证明动词情感关 宾语会
frightful＝terrible adj 怕
Your handwriting is frightful 字真糟糕
Cold is frightful 寒冷怕
★battered adj 撞坏
battered (lose one's shape) 撞变形
battered bag 破旧堪包（battered软东西连时表示旧破旧堪）
batter n 击球手v 坏 猛击
damaged adj 刮坏
destroyed car车子损害修 damaged car 车子坏修 battered car 车变形
★afterwards adv
shortly afterwards ＝soon 久
shortly＝soon afterwards＝later
课文讲解
1A short while ago however he became a bus driver and he was not regretted it
a short while ago＝a short time ago 久前
while作名词表示会（段）时间时常a连时thethis等连：
They haven’t seen each other for a long while
Have you been in Australia all this while
I saw her a short while ago
however放句首 放句中果词两边逗号证明词插入语
2He is finding his new work far more exciting
find 般现时态 进行时态
He is finding his trip very exciting
far more exciting 更趣（形容词副词较级高级前面 far（相much）表示强调译）
It’s farmuch colder today than it was yesterday
This is (by) far the most expensive bicycle in the shop
3When he was driving along Catford Street recently he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car
see感知动词（ smell feel hear watch notice等）动词+名词代词宾语+带to定式结构（省略to）中果全程do程中瞬间 doing：
see sb do sth 见某做某事(强调全程)
I see them dance (全程)
see sb doing sth 见某正做某事
I see them dancing (部分)
hear sb doing sthhear sb do sth
4The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag
with 旦出现名词代词做定语 出现动词做状语
He came in with a book (作状语)
The boy with a book came in (作定语)
get a fright 吓跳
so+形容词(副词)+that…such+(修饰词形容词)+名词+that… ……致……
旦名词 认形容词修饰名词 前面词修饰名词
drop vt 抓什没抓住心掉 （sb drop sth）
I drop the chalk
fall vi 落 （sth fall）
drop the money the money fall
The chalk is falling
5As the thieves were trying to get away in their car Roy drove his bus into the back of it
as when ……时候
get away ＝ run away 逃跑
How did the thief get away
by car in the car 开车
drive into… 撞……
6While the battered car was moving away Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police
stopped his carthe car stopped（时说话时视觉概念关停停）
7The thieves' car was badly damaged and easy to recognize
…and easy to recognize and the car was easy to recognize (动表动含义)
果定式前面形容词 果句结局系表结构+to 定式中常动表动 定式表达方式中 动词宾语果刚句话语 宾语定出现
The apple is sweet enough to eat
The apple is too sour to eat (sour adj 酸)
The question is easy enough to answer
The boy is enough clever to answer the question
孩足够聪明回答问题 （the question语定出现）
文中 …easy to recognize(car) car 语 出现定式中 许动表达动含义 物动词面般加宾语(宾语句话语加) ：The clothes are too comfortable to ware
8Shortly afterwards the police stopped the car and both men were arrested
shortly afterwards 没久
both men ＝ two persons
stop the car 拦住车子（the driver stop the carstopped the car）
stop thief 捉賊
Special difficulties
So and Such
suchso表示程度 so作副词连词such形容词 so通常位形容词副词前such位名词前：
I’ve never read so interesting a book
I’ve never read such an interesting book
引导结果状语句时结构分：
so +形容词(副词) +that… such +(a an修饰词形容词)+名词+that… ………… 旦名词 认形容词修饰名词 前面词修饰名词果名词数名词单数加aan 反果数名词单数 前面定加aan
It was so cold that no one went out
such表示样等意思外表示类so表示种意思
He often talks about such things
You should not speak to such people
果形容词表示数量(many much little few) 律so
There is so little time left that we must hurry
There is such a little() bird that I can't see it
(little会数名词连连会译成数量少应译)
He is so lazy a boy He is such a lazy boy
果形容词修饰名词时候 冠词放第位 句话中冠词放第位 说明 a boy 关系 lazy 意思 boy 关系 强调点 boy 没关系 强调点 lazy
★Lesson 36 Across the Channel
★record n 记录 vt 记录
break the record 破记录
set up a record make a record 创记录
hold the record keep the record 保持记录
equalize the recorder 记录 (equalize vt相等 补偿)
recorder n 录音机
果词音节落第音节重音 肯定名词 重音落第二音节肯定动词
record n 记录 vt 记录
present n 礼物adj 现 v 赠送
desert n 沙漠 v 废弃
★strong adj 强壮
as strong as horse 象牛样壮(马)
strong wind 风 heavy rain 雨
strong girl (隐示瘦 结实)
strong mind 意志坚强
Out of sightout of mind 眼见 心烦
sturdy adj 结实 强健
robust adj 身体结实 (乐百事 英文名)
strong +运动员 获胜握较强力（强力手中强力 strong表达)
★swimmer n 游泳 游泳者
swimmer 确切意思游泳者 游泳
strong swimmer 游泳手
athlete n 运动员(运动会常说运动员)
swimming athlete 游泳运动员 (里ing意 )
★succeed v 成功
succeed in doing sth 做……成功
success n 成功 成功
successful adj 成功
be successful in doing sth
fail v 失败
fail to do sth 做……失败
failure n 失败 失败者 缺乏 失灵 障 破产 疏忽 <美>格
★train v 训练
train sb to do sth 训练某做……(教 形成某种技)
teach sb to do sth 教某做……(教 会会)
trainer n 教练 trainee n 受训
training center 训练中心
★anxiously adv 焦急
anxious adj 焦急
★intend v 算
intend to do sth＝be going to do sth 算做某事
★solid adj 固体 硬n 固体
① adj 固体
She will not eat any solid food
② adj 硬结实坚固（指家具建筑物等）
The ice is solid 冰硬
② n 固体
课文讲解
1Across the Channel
across 横渡
the Channel＝the English Channel 英吉利海峡(C写时 定指the English Channel)
2She is going to set out from the French coast at five o'clock in the morning
set out 出发 set out from… 某出发
3Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record
hope to do sth 希做……
hope that+句 希做……
set up创立建立指某具体事物set up a school指抽象某机构组织等
set up a new world 创造新世界纪录
4She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed
feel (that) +句 认……相信……（宾语句中that 省略）
My parents feel that they can believe in you
be sure to do sth 定够 必定会（肯定语气must（must + 动词原形表示定 种推测）强某件事情动词握）
be sure of… (某件事情 名词做宾语)
be sure that… (某件事情 某做某事握)
I am sure that I can do sth＝I am sure of sth＝I am sure to do sth
I am sure of my success I am sure to succeed
I am sure that I can succeedbe successful
5Debbie's father will set out with her in a small boat
with her 道
by boat in a boat船
6Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England
will be doing 进行时表达
as＝when
swim + 距离 游长距离
All the world will be watching anxiously as the war broke out
We will be watching anxiously as you went (go) out （牵挂)
7Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours
rest作休息讲时数名词数名词：
Today is my day of rest 天休息日
After a long rest he went on with his work
have(take) a break(rest) 休息
take short rests 休息短时间
every表示时间名词前时译every two hours 两时
I will plant another tree every three trees 隔三棵树会种棵
8She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food
something to drink 喝东西（定式作定语）
have something to eatreaddo
9Most of Debbie's school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast
most +n most of the +n 数……
most young people most of the young people
will be waiting 进行时
I will be right here wating for you
on the coast 海边
10Among them will be Debbie's mother who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl
among prep ……中 ……(三者三者)
among them 中（中）
between them 左右
限定性定语句非限定性定语句
果逗号非限定性定语句 没逗号限定性定语句 非限定性定语句that限定性定语句少面句子 句话意思完整非限定性定语句前面句子完整 面句子起着补充说明作非限定性定语句旦逗号隔开 面句子前面句子关系紧密 起补充作
Among them will be Debbie's mother 句倒装句正常语序应Debbie’s mother will be among them
倒装句：点+will+名词
常见倒装句：Here you are Here is my ticket
全部倒装：点(介词短语副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中果语名词 放动词面 果代词 放动词前面 Here you are
运动场常口语：
Well to go Well done Yea Yeah
bingo int(出意料成功表示兴奋声)瞧
Go 加油
Letter Writing
书写址时常常写区邮区全称时写名称部分写字母：Berkshire写成BerksCalifornia写成CalifNorth West 3缩写成NW3New York缩写成NY
Key structure
时
表示结构：
① be to
② be about to
③ be going to 表
④ intend to do sth＝be going to do sth 算做某事
I intend to have a company I am going to have a company
⑤ plan to do sth 计划做某事
⑥ mean to do sth 算做某事
What do you mean to do(intend to do)
⑦ aim to do sth 算做某事
⑧ I will do sth＝I intend to do sth
plan to do mean to do aim to do hope to do want to do 类词身没时态 身表示 般现时表示时
be going to常口语中正式书面语中通常willbe going to陈述句疑问句中 常常be going to代shallwill时be going to代shall will：
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea 果船旅游 会玩开心
非正式语体表示意图算强调计划安排表示说话许发生事预先解时般be going to will：
What do you intend to do at home
I’m going to watch TV
They’re going to be married soon
果表示说话时决定做某事者表示建议请求肯 定 肯 定等含义时 will be going to：
You won’t forget to bring something to sleep in will you （表示建议）
Don’t worry I’ll bring a sleeping bag （表示决定）
I shan’t be able to look after the baby and cook lunch （表示肯定）
I’ll look after the baby while you cook lunch （表示决定）
Tomorrow will be Tuesday
Special Difficulties
Watch Look at Follow
Watch (something happening) 观 (正发生事情)注视注意
Do you have to watch me eating my supper 非吃晚饭？
How long have you been watching the race
Look at 仔细（留意）
Look at the blackboard 黑板
Follow (go after) (走面)
I followed my mother into the kitchen 着母亲走进厨房
The dog followed me all the way home
特定时候follow表示注视目光：
Have you ever seen a cat followwatch a bird’s every movement
没见猫注视鸟举动？
Solid Firm Stable
Solid (not liquid) 固体 (非流体)硬(固体)结实坚固（指家具建筑物等）
This is a solid table 张桌子结实
Firm
① (not loose) 稳固 (松动)会更改牢固
I've fixed that hook It is firm now 鱼钩固定 现牢固
This table is firm You can stand on it
② (not doubtful) (疑) 表示态度信念等坚定坚决
He gave me a firm refusal 断然拒绝
He is firm about going abroad 出国件事态度坚决
③ (not lenient) 严格严厉
You must be very firm with that child 孩子定非常严格
Stable (often describing character) 坚定稳重 信赖（指性格）稳定稳固（指工作机构环境等）
He is a very stable person 性格坚定
He is not a very stable person 太稳重
I’m glad that you’ve got a stable job now
Exercise 练 面词填空
1 I came to a ______ decision and I will not change my mind
2 I stood on the bridge and ______ the boats passing by
3 May I ______ your photograph album
4 The ice in the pond is so ______ that you can walk to it
5 I tried to persuade him but he remained ______
1 firm
come to a decisionmake a decision 定决心
come to a conclusion 出结 (conclusion] n结束 缔结 结)
2watched
watch sb doing sth(句型结构)
3look at
4so solid坚硬
The ice in the pond is solid enough to walk on(加 it)
The ice in the pond is so solid that you can walk on it
The room is clean enough to live in
The room is so clean that we can live there
5 firm (改变意 firm )
★Lesson 37 The Olympic Games
★Olympic adj 奥林匹克
the Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会（简称the Games般型运动会games)
★hold (heldheld) v 召开
① vt 着抓住抱住
Please hold the bady while I take off my coat
Why are you holding my bag
② 容纳装包含
This cup can’t hold much water 杯子装少水
The stadium can hold 20000 people
③ 举行进行（会议会谈等）庆祝（节日）纪念
have a meeting hold a meeting 召开会议
hold惯动：
The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008 (two thousand eight)
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year 节日庆典年爱丁堡举行次
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject
明天准备开次会讨议题
The next conference will be held in Geneva 次会议日瓦举行
★immense adj 巨
★fantastic adj 巨
fantastic adj 巨(建筑等表惊叹)极 宏伟
immense adj 极 边 际
The universe is immense
immense ocean big adj（般）
big man 物
large adj 数量 尺寸
large man 块头
great adj 伟 重
great man 伟
huge adj(体积)巨 庞极 限
★stadium n 露天体育场
playground n 操场
sports field 运动场 体育场（sports 种样运动）
gymnasium n 健身房体育馆体育
篮球场 gym 足球场 stadium
★standard n 标准
high standard 高标准
Olympicstandard 奥林匹克标准(运动会中高标准)（复合形容词：形容词+名词）
★capital n 首
capital adj 写 重
capital punishment 极刑 (punishment n惩罚 处罚 惩处)
hot seat 电椅（国外极刑）
★design v 设计
① vt &vi 设计图样
George has designed a new bridge
② vt &vi 算（做……）计划
He designed to enter for the competition
This book is designed for foreign tourist
③ n 图样图纸设计
Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress
Here is the design of the new house
designer n 设计师
well－designed 设计错（复合形容词：副词+分词）
课文讲解
1The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years' time
in four years’ time 四年（in常时连表示……时间）
He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour
four years later 四年
four years ago 四年前
2As a great many people will be visiting the country the government will be building new hotels an immense stadium and a new Olympicstandard swimming pool
asbecause 原as 连词引出原状语句as 表示原时通常位句首表明原讲话象已知没必予强调because 时候代 as说明种种原 as定总代becausebecause般句面强调讲话象知道原
As you can’t type the letter yourself you’ll have to ask Susan to do it for you
Jim’s trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car
a large number of people a great many people 批
an immense stadium 型体育场
a new Olympicstandard swimming pool 新奥运会标准游泳池
3They will also be building new roads and a special railway line
be building 修建
a special railwayline 专线铁路
4Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year
by the end of this year 年年底前
by the end of next year 明年年底前
by完成时标志 表示……止……前晚某时时间表示段时间名词名词连表示时间点名词词组连肯定句否定句定区
I’ll have left by Monday 星期已离开（ 星期前时间）
I won’t have left by Monday 星期前会离开 （星期）
5Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up
as连词相while正值讲引出时间状语句引导句然表示动作般现时 …will go up
be built强调建造go up （建筑物）兴建起拔起
Many new houses are going up in this district
6We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country
look forward to+nprondoing sth (高兴)盼期
look forward to…expect(期)区expect没高高兴成分
Look forward to your letter
Letter Writing
信址面必须写完整日期日期两种写法：17th April 19April 17th 19数字写法：1st（1日）2nd（2日）3rd（3日）4th（4日）等
Key structures
般完成时
般时预言发生事外表示意愿允诺建议请求提议等
The radio hasn’t been mended yet Never mind I’ll mend it for you （允诺）
Will you open the door for me please （请求）
Shall we go for a swim tomorrow （建议）
进行时表示久正进行动作外表示计划安排事：
A great many people will be visiting the country
完成时表示某时刻已完成动作完成时will have+分词构成常bynot…tilluntil+表示时间名词连
I hope they’ll have finished it in time for the journey
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow
I will have finished it untiltill tomorrow
现完成式 现某点时间止
完成式 某点时间止
完成式 某点时间止 某动作已发生
Special Difficulties
Look短语
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高兴)盼期着（to介词面名词代词动名词接动词原形）
I am looking forward to the summer holidays 正盼暑假
I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend
Look out (be careful) 心 (注意)留神
Look out A bus is coming 心点 公汽车
You should always look out when you walk across a road
Look out of 外 Don’t look out of the window
Look up
① (get information from a reference book) 查阅 (参考书中获取资料)
I don't understand this word I shall look it up in a dictionary
懂词词义 查字典
② (visit) 拜访
Don't forget to look me up when you return 回时忘
I’m going to look up Mary this afternoon
Exercise 练 holdlook 正确形式填空
4 The students' union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday
5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm Why don't you ______ her______ when you're there
6 Examinations will be ______ next week I'm not ______ them
4 held debate on … 辩…… （debate v 争 辩n 争 辩）
union n 联合合结合联盟协会
口语程三步：dialogue(话)discussion(讨)debate(争)
capital n 首写
5 look (her) up
look (sb) up 拜访 英文中定正式 意思
6 heldlooking forward to
hold an exam 举行考试
take the exam 接受考试
★Lesson 38 Everything except the weather
★Mediterranean n (the ~)中海
Mediterranean n中海（Mediterranean sea 位欧 亚 非三洲间）中海岸居民adj
中海 中海民族
★complain v 抱怨
complain to sb 某抱怨
complain ofabout sth 抱怨某事
★continually adv 断
continually adv 连续 频繁(时断时续)
The baby cry continually
continuously adj 连续断
continue v 继续 连续 延伸
★bitterly adv 刺骨
bitterly disappointed 彻底失 （disappoint vt失）
I am bitterly disappointed
bitterly cold 刺骨寒冷
It’s bitterly cold （chilly adj 寒冷）
★sunshine n 阳光
直接 sun 表示阳光
a drop of sunshine 缕阳光 （a drop of 缕）
课文讲解
1He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country
dream of… 想 梦见(梦想)幻想
Frank used to dream of having a car of his own
think of… 想(思维活动) 考虑
settle down 定居安身安顿
After two years of traveling I want to settle down now
2He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there
no sooner…than… …………（关联词引导时间状语句句里常完成时than面句般时）相法as soon asthe momenton doing
had no sooner done…than +般时 固定法 (时态结构 完成时态 + than + 般时)
He had no sooner arrived than he called me up
no sooner 放句首倒装
No sooner had he arrived than he called me up (倒装)
3Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather for even though it was still summer it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold
almost immediately 马 快 (时间快 常写作)
for（连词）表示(解释说明 附加)＝because（定说原）forbecause句首 for面必须重复语：
I don’t have a car for I can’t afford it
even though even if 然（引导步状语句）
Even though I came here my mind was absent 心焉
4After so many years of sunshine Harrison got a shock
so many years 年
after it rained for days after so many days of rain 天雨
After seven years of hard work he was successful
After ten years of staying in abroad he decided to return and settle down
got a shock 吓跳 吃惊
5He acted as if he had never lived in England before
as if+句子 似 （引导表示方式状语句果句完成时虚拟语气描述事实相反 面条件假）
He acted as if he was poor (as if 真假 应根文)
My leg hurts as if it was broken
连词as ifthough引导方式状语句通常描述行举止动词actappearfeellooksmellsound等面：
She acted as if she were mad （虚拟语气）
It feels as ifthough it’s going to rain
6In the end it was more than he could bear
more than里表示超……范围
This piece of news is more than I can believe
It was more than I could understand
I can't affard it ＝ It was more than I can affard
种法通常表示……更法稍：
There were more than ten people in the room
7He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country
hardly…when… 没…………法no sooner…than
hardly had sb done when… (hardly句首 倒装)
He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out（knock out 晕 击倒）
have time to do sth 时间做某事
I have no time to talk with you 没时间说话
I have time enough to have coffee 足够时间喝咖啡
Composition
1 He bought an old car It was in a very bad state(but)
2 The engine was worn out The gearbox was full of sawdust (The engine…not only…but…as well)
3 He could not drive it He could no sell it He could not even give it away (neither…nor…nor)
1 in a bad state 状态太
though 然 even though＝even if 词出现两句间 加but
2 The engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust
worn out 破旧堪
engine n 发动机 机车 火车头
gearbox n 变速箱
sawdust n 锯屑 木头屑子 （saw n 锯v 锯）
not only出现句首倒装般会放句首
3 He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away
He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away (样写更)
neither do sth nor do sth nor do sth 更
Letter writing
日期：年列月份写出全称：3月4月5月6月7月剩余月份写成：Jan (1月)Feb (2月)Aug (8月)Sept (9月)Oct (10月)Nov (11 月) Dec (12月)
Key structures
完成时
完成时常般时连表示某动作发生前完成动作完成时连表示时间词词组whenafteras soon as(not) untilby that time(never) beforealreadyforsincejustno sooner…thanhardly…when等完成时副词ago连（ago般时连）
He hadn’t finished it by yesterday evening 昨天晚没做完
I’d never flown a plane at all until I flew this one 驾驶架飞机前没驾驶飞机
Special Difficulties
No sooner…than and Hardly…when
no sooner…than (…………)hardly…when (未…………)两组连词意义 as soon as相as soon as正式通常完成时连no soonerhardly位句首时面谓结构颠倒序句子变no soonerhardly +助动词 +语 +动词形式语序
No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted 刚开始讲话断
Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving
Country and Countryside
country n 国家祖国乡（做乡讲时常the 连）
Which country do you come from
He had planned to settle down in the country
countryside n 农村区（强调景色）乡
The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful 维纳周围乡村非常漂亮
I grew up in the countryside
Continuously and Continually
continuously adv 断连续（指动作中间没间断）
You mustn’t watch TV for such a long time continuously
This plane can fly continuoulsly for twenty hours
continually adv 频繁反复（指动作中间间断持续久）
It rained continually 天频繁雨
The river flows under this bridge continuously 河水停桥流
★Lesson 39 Am I all right
★following adj
the next day the following day 第二天
the next week the following week 第二星期
★alone adj 独
alone 强调孤单
home alone’ 独家
Leave me alone 烦着呢 理
Leave him alone 呆会
★exchange n (电话)交换局
① vt 换更换调换（指类事物间）
I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one
② vt 交换互换
I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words
Did you exchange gifts after the party
③ n 电话交换台
He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington
★inquire v 询问 听
① vt &vi 听询问
A Mr Wang inquired your telephone number 位王先生听您电话号码
inquire sth of sb 某听
insquire about sth 听某事
He wanted to inquire about a certain patient
②vi 调查查问
He didn’t tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident
③ vi 求见（某）找（某）
She inquired for the manager 想见理
★certain adj 某
certain面名词数量前面数词定
某a certain +n（单数）
a certain patient some patient 某病
某两two certain + n(复数)
two certain patient
some+数名词单数时表示某(某)
for some reason 某理
课文讲解
1Am I all right
all right 指健康状况时表示安然恙良
I was not very well last week but I feel all right now
2While John Gilbert was in hospital he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful but the doctor refused to do so
So里代词代前面动词定式（to tell him whether…） 般 出 现 believedoexpecthopesaytellthinkappear 等：
Is it true that John has had an operation
I am afraid so I believe so I think so It seems so
3The following day the patient asked for a bedside telephone
the following day the next day里following表示紧接着次
ask for 请求索求（某东西）句（…asked for Doctor Millington）中表示求（某）（接电话）
bedside telephone 床头电话
4When the doctor answered the phone Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient a Mr John Gilbert
Certain 里没肯定确实等含义表示某某位暗指说话者说话象事清楚熟悉指身份清楚：
Mary years ago a certain doctor arrived in London
a Mr John Gilbert 位名约翰吉尔伯特先生
a+名前面 表示某拥特征认识某某种情况 a 通常表示某certain连：
He is a Leifeng 表示具雷锋特征
A certain Mrs Hart is waiting to see you
位哈特夫正等着见您
5He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks
for another two weeks 两星期
another作限定词表示时候通常数单数名词连复数形式连面基数词few+复数名词（成整体）：
I need another three driving ★Lessons before my test
考试前需3节驾驶课
I need another few hours before I can finish my homework
需时做完作业
Key structures
直接引语间接引语
直接引语疑问句变间接引语疑问句时引号问号直接疑问句中倒装语序转述疑问句里原陈述句语序（语+动词）必改变时态转述般疑问句时必须ifwhether省略助动词dodoesdid转述疑问句里消失
She asked ifwhether you were tired 问否感疲劳
askwant to knowwonder等面 ifwhether 通常互换 whether表示怀疑程度if稍
I wonder ifwhether he’s phoned the doctor
表示两者挑时更常whether：
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee
转述疑问句中带or not时通常whether引导if引导：
He wants to know whether or not we want dinner
Did the children say they’d eaten 没告诉吃没
转述特殊疑问句时通常原疑问词针语提问间接疑问句中时态情态助动词常变化语序保持变
Tom asked if whether Jack would arrive the next day 汤姆问杰克第二天否
Jane asked why I hadn't written to her 简问什写信
果直接引语问句变间接引语时句说He saidHe askedtold问句陈述句：直接引语表示命令请求建议祈句通常适动词定式转述常类动词adviseasktellordercommandwarminvite等动词间接宾语转述类祈句否定形式时必须not放带to定式前：
She remindedtold me to turn off all the lights
The teacher was tellingorderingcommanding her students to close their books
tell sb to do sth
The teacher told me (not) to open the door
ask sb to do sth
动词suggestinsist转述建议求时结构 suggestinsist +that句（ should）：
He suggests that they should sell the flat I hope they won’t sell the flat
He still insisted that we should help him
★Lesson 40 Food and talk
★hostess n 女
host n 男v 作 办
actor n 男演员 actress n 女演员
★unsmiling adj 笑
unsmiling adj 笑（un+smiling 定表示 严肃）
serious adj严肃 认真 严重
My father is serious
★tight adj 紧身
tight jeans 紧身牛仔裤
The shoes are smalltight (夹脚 紧)
tights n 贴身衬衣 紧身衣 女连裤袜
★fix v 凝视
① v ……固定安装
fix the picture on the wall
She fixed a handle on the door
fix on （目光注意力等）集中盯着
fix one's eyes on sthone's eyes be fixed on sth 盯着……目转睛（惯动）
All the eyes were fixed on the blackboard 眼睛盯着黑板
② v 修理
★globe n 球球状物 球仪adj 全球
global problem 全球性问题
earth n 球
global 阁楼宝种灭蟑螂药名
★despair n 绝
despair n 绝 失 令失(事物)vi绝
in despair 绝
sbsth is the despair of… …………感绝
The boy is the despair of his parents 男孩父母感绝
This boy is his mother's despair 男孩妈绝
The examination was the despair of me The examination was my despair
考试已绝
disappoint vt 失
课文讲解
1Last week at a dinner party the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold
dinner数名词at a dinner party中a修饰dinner partyhave dinner加a
ask sb to do sth 某做某事
next to ……相邻挨着（表示座位挨着表示理位置挨着）
sit next to me 坐旁边
There’s a fieldshop next to our house
2Mrs Rumbold was a large unsmiling lady in a tight black dress
unsmiling表示bad mix难融合义词smiling（微笑喜气洋洋）
形容词前面加前缀un表示相反意义：comfortable（舒服） uncomfortable（舒服）true（真实）untrue（真实）interesting（趣） uninteresting（趣味乏味）
in里表示穿着戴着：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you
（inquiring for sb 找（某）求见某）
3She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her
take a seat 坐sit正式
Please take a seat
take one’s seat 表示位置事先已安排
After everyone had taken his seat the meetingdinnerparty began
4Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time she was busy eating
busy +doing sth 忙着做某事（doing前加in加）
We’re all busy (in) getting ready for the performance
5'A new play is coming to The Globe soon' I said 'Will you be seeing it'
The new film is coming to the cinema A new play will be on at The Globe’
映
The film will be on 部电影映
6'if you ate more and talked less we would both enjoy our dinner’
列句中相句子成分（语谓语状语等）通常词性单词词组表示长度差保持句子衡性
You can either go out or stay here
He wants to buy a lot of things but he has little money
想买东西钱少
Composition
1 She refused to answer any questions She did not ask any questions (not only…but…either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre She was not interested in travel (neither…nor)
1 She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either
She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either
but…as well 加肯定加否定 but…either加否定
as well either 句中省略
2 She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel
She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel(更 介词短语列)
Key structures
第 2类条件句（虚拟条件句）
第1类条件句谈发生事情考虑真实结果句般时句般现时形式现时
If you help meI will be gratefull 果帮 会感激 (正常语气)
If it rains I will not go 正常语气(定会)
第 2 类条件句if 句谈想象情况（假设现事实相反）句推测想象结果 句般时 句 would+动词原形第 2 类条件句时非指时间if时法常称非真实整条件句称作非真实条件句
If you helped meI would be grateful
果帮 会感激(惜没帮 会感激)
If it rainedit would not be hot 果雨 会热
If you could make him change his mind you would save him a lot of trouble
假改变意 会免许麻烦
果if句中动词be 应该第第三称单数名词wereIf I were you种说法常提出建议
If I were you I’d accept their offer
If I were in your position I would act differently
假处位置 会采取作法
第2类条件句时代第 1类条件句描述颇发生事情第 1类条件句较握
If you went by train you would get there earlier
If you go by train you will get there earlier
第2类条件句常描写完全事情
If I had longer legs I’d be able to run faster
Special Difficulties
Make法
物动词make原义制造常固定结构常见make+（冠词）+名词形式：
make progress（取进步）make the bed（铺床）make conversation（找话题）make a noise（吵闹）make a promise（保证）make trouble（捣蛋制造麻烦） make money（挣钱） make a speech（演讲）make a mistake（犯错误）make up one's mind（定决心定意）
Do法
完全动词do固定短语：
do one's best（努力）do one's homework（做作业）do sb a favour（帮忙）do a job（干家务）do work（做家务）do exercise（做练）do business（做生意）
do动名词连：do some shopping（买东西购物）do swimming（游泳）do some reading （读书）
★Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat
★rude adj 礼（强调意）
impolite adj 礼貌表示没注意礼节性问题 显礼貌（polite 反义词
p开头形容词否定前缀 im）
Cheeky adj 礼 没礼貌（表示孩长辈）
Don’t be cheeky 礼
naive adj 天真
★mirror n 镜子
look at oneself in the mirror 镜子
look up sth in the dictionary 查字典
mirrot of… ……写……真实反映
His novel is a mirror of his time 说时代真实写
★hole n 孔
hole in+点 ……（方）洞
★remark v 评说
remark指说 say 理解
★remind v 提醒
①vt 提醒
remind sb of sth remind sb to do sth remind sb that… 提醒某做某事
He reminded his wife that they needed to buy some coffee and sugar
② vt ……想起
The smell of cabbage reminds me of school 卷心菜气味想起学校
She reminds me of her sister
reminder n 提醒物
课文讲解
1Do you call that a hat
Do you call that +（冠词）+名词结构表达种轻蔑含义：
Do you call that a housea dog 房子狗？
2You needn't be so rude about it
be rude about sth 事粗鲁
be rude to sb 粗鲁
Don't be rude to me 粗鲁
3I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited
on the chair 椅子
with holes in it 作定语
Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle
4We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror
名词修饰名词 般单数：bookstore书店drugstore药店
5I regretted saying it almost at once
regret doing sth名词that句 悔已做某事表示做事感遗憾
Did he regret his mistake
I now regret leaving my countrythat I have left my country
regret to do sth 表示现做事感起遗憾be sorry to do sth正式：
We regret to tell you that you are not welcome 遗憾告诉您您受欢迎
6'You needn't have said that' my wife answered 'I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday'
needn't have done 原必做 做 强调动作必做
You needn't have bought it 原必买
You needn’t have come 原必
needn't do 现动作必做
You needn’t come 必
remind sb of sth 提醒某想起某事
7'I find it beautiful' I said
动词find常动词+宾语+宾语补足语种结构：
You’ll find it difficulteasy to make conversation with her
I find this book very interesting
8A man can never have too many ties
can never…too…＝cannot…too… ……
A man can never have too many ties
领带男说（男少领带会嫌）
I can never thank you too much 感激
Drinking water can never be too clean 饮水越干净越
A wife can never complain too much 妻子罗嗦
You can’t be too careful in doing your work 工作越心越
Key structures
Must Have (got) to and Need
情态动词must（必须）否定式 mustn't（准）must表示推测：
① 现推测：must +动词原形
② 正发生事情推测：must be doing
③ 推测：must have done
④ 正发生事情推测：must have been doing
must般疑问句musthave toneedn’t回答mustn’t：
Must I set off now
Yes you must have to
No you needn’t
mustn’t表示绝禁止说话根没选择余：
You mustn’t use that bicycle It’s broken
必needn’tdon’t have to表示：
needn’t don’t have to
needn’t have done didn’t have to
You needn’t don’t have to work such long hours
英语中 need两种词性普通动词（需）种情态动词need否定形式应两种： needn't 必（情态动词need否定） don't need 需（普通动词need否定）
need I(情态) do I need 实义动词
实义动词面加实义动词 面加to do
Need I go out Do I need to go out 需出
You needn’t have told me that I know it is
情态动词面直接名词做宾语实义动词面直接加名词 need 面名词 need 实义动词
例 He__c__follow me
a doesn’t need b needn’t to c didn’t need to d needs
情态动词need接动词原形否定疑问句肯定句musthave toought toshouldneed疑问句时问者希否定回答： Need you leave so soon 必早走？ need般疑问句肯定形式回答musthad to否定形式回答needn’t：
Need I type this letter again
Yes you must No you needn’t
Need you have told him about my plans
Yes I had to No I needn’t have
表示必时must语气need强：
I must go to the dentist this moring
种句型表示说话方选择允许方做某事观意图完成式式分
needn’t havedidn’t have todidn’t need to：
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday
I didn’t have to didn’t need to go to the office yesterday
need doing sth 需做（动表达动含义）
① 里 need属实义动词 动词ing相名词理解
② 时态称变化否定式 don’t need doing
③ need doing 表达动含义 Your shoes need washing 鞋子需()洗
外want doing动表示动含义语定物
Your hair needs cuting
need to be done语物
The child need to be …
mustn't needn't：
You musn’t read it bed It’s bad for your eyes
（be bad for… ……害）
Smoking is bad for your health 抽烟害健康
You mustn't make a noise The children are asleep 应吵闹 孩子睡
You needn't drive so quickly We have plenty of time
必开快 足够时间
You don't have to(haven't got to) drive so quickly We have plenty of time
You mustn't smoke in a theatre It is forbidden 应该剧场里抽烟 允许
You needn't come with us if you don't want to 果想 必道
You don't have to (haven't got to) come with us if you don't want to
Special Difficulties
Remark Observe and Notice
remarkobserve表示说评说say正式：
You’re looking very well’She remarkedobserved
noticeobserve 表示注意察觉定区notice指意中察觉observe指意观察仔细notice更正式：
He observed me carefully (He looked at me) 仔细着
Did you notice how she was dressed 注意穿戴
I’ve noticedobserved that he telephones her oftener than before
发现注意现电话前次数
I didn’t notice his leaving
make rude remark call one's name say F words (F 指 fuck) 讲粗话骂
He made a lot of rude remarks about the hat she was wearing
fail to do sth 没够
not fail to 表示强烈肯定
I had changed the furniture round that you can not fail to notict it
已周围家具换
★Lesson 42 Not very musical
★market n 市场集市
① n 市场集市
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi
穿旧德里市场时走长段路
② n（商品）市场销路需求（数名词）
market for… ……市场
The foreign markets for apple this year are not as good as last year
Can you find a market for these shoes 鞋找销路？
★pipe n（吹奏）乐器
pipe n 两头通东西 水道 老爸烟斗节两头通竹子pipe
★glimpse n 瞥
have a glimpse of 瞥眼映入眼帘(犹汉语中惊鸿瞥) (意识)
glance at 扫眼(意识)
★movement n 动作
move v 移动（movement动词）
action v 采取行动
★continue v 继续
beginstartcontinue to do sth
beginstartcontinue doing sth
I continue (to go)going on
continue +sth
Let's continue our trip
Let's continue our journey
★dance v 跳舞
dance to the music 着音乐跳舞（固定搭配to）
★obviously adv 显然
obviouslyclearly
Obviously you are wrong
Obviously I love you
★difference n 差
tell the difference between A and B 区差异
Can you tell the difference between them
different adj
be different from ……
A is different from B
differ vi 致
课文讲解
1As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of old Delhi we stopped at a square to have a rest
stop to do sth 停活动做定式表示动作
On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper
stop doing sth 停止做某事
I’ve stopped buying newspapers 已买报纸
How can we stop him complaining 抱怨呢？
2When he began to play a tune we had our first glimpse of the snake
play a tune（tune 数名词）play music（music 数名词）
havegetcatch a (first) glimpse of… 瞥
This afternoon I caughtgothad a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park
take a glimpse at 瞥见
He took a glimpse at the No Parking’ signs outside Jasper’s gate and parked his car there
at the first sight 见钟情
I love you at the first sight of you
3It rose out of the basket and began to follow the movements of the pipe
rise（roserisen） vi 升
raise（raisedraised） vt 提高
4We were very much surprised when the snake charmer suddenly began to play jazz and modern pop songs
少very much 放起修饰surprise 般very surprised most surprised
5It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz
tell表示辨分辨识时常cancouldbe able to连表达意义时tell单独from构成词组：
My son can already tell the difference between beer and wine
My son can already tell beer from wine 子已分辨出啤酒葡萄酒
表示两者间差差异时常difference between：
There’s a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen
What’s the difference between them
情况between：
It makes no difference whether you believe me or not 信信区谓
Key structures
have +名词代普通动词
have +名词代普通动词表示完成该动作： have a bathbathe have a swimswimhave a walkwalkhave a looklookhave a restresthave a smellsmell等类似动词dancefightridetalksleepwash：
I had two dances with Lucy
Jim and I have just had a long talk
动词面会加介词(果动词物动词)动 词 加什样介词名词加什样介词：
look at>have a look at walk across>have a walk across
succeed
Special difficulties
Pick法
pick up 起捡起意外找（偶然）学会开车接
He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins （起）
The bicycle was picked up in a small village （意外找）
pick sb up （路）接某（meet sb+点 专程接）
I'll pick you up in the car this evening 晚开车接
pick up a lot of English learn a lot of English
I picked up a lot of English while I was in England (I learnt)
英国时候 学少英语
pick up the radio program the program on the radio 广播收听节目
pick out 挑出选出辩认出
There are so many beautiful cards on display I can't pick out the ones I like best
(I can't choose) 陈列着漂亮明信片 挑出喜欢
When I went to the bookshop yesterday I picked out two of the books which I needed most
Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother
The thief was picked out by several people
★Lesson 43 Over the South Pole
★lie v 处
① vi (lay[lei]lain[lein]) 处位(+点)
The mountains lie below us now
The town lies to the east of London
② vi (lay[lei]lain[lein]) 躺（）卧
lie 现分词> lying
stay in bed lie in bed 躺床
While I sat by the fire my dog lay beside me
③ vt（liedlied） 撒谎
tell a lie 撒谎
You lied You lied to me骗 撒谎
Youliar 骗子 (liar n(惯)说谎者)
④ n谎言
lay （laidlaid）
① vt 放放置
lay sth
② vt 蛋 产卵
lay an egg 蛋
hang（hunghung） 挂悬挂
hang（hangedhanged） 绞刑
★point n 点
point 点般指飞机点
点 placespot
sinacom中 读dot（点）
@读 at
★seem v 似起
seem + as if 起似……
He seems as if he had never lived in England before
seem + adj
He seems rich
seem to be
He seems to be rich
seem that… 起似……
It seems that he is rich
★crash v 坠毁（掉）n 突 撞击声 抵触
aircrash 空难 carcrash 车祸
strike v 撞击
collide vi碰撞 抵触(两运动东西相撞)
★clear v 越
clear v (凌空接触)越 跳没接触面飞跃
clear the mountain 飞跃山峰
The horse cleared the fense （fense n篱笆栅栏墙 v围住防护）
over adv 越(距离)
go over飞跃
★plain n 原
plain girl 女孩
I'm a plain girl
mountains n 高山
课文讲解
1In 1929 three years after his flight over the North Pole the American explorer RE Byrd successfully flew over the South Pole for the first time
for the first time 第次（time表示次回 说this timelast timenext timeanother timeeach timefor the last time等）
I remind you for the last time that if you don’t hurry you’ll miss the train
Give him these photos next time you see him
2Though at first Byrd and his men were able to take a great many photographs of the mountains that lay below they soon ran into serious trouble
连词though引导步状语句含义然…………
AlthoughThoughEven though I felt sorry for him I was secretly pleased that he was having difficulties
然感惋惜困难暗高兴
take a photograph of… 拍……片
He took a photograph of his house before he left home
run into trouble get into trouble 遇麻烦陷入困境
Each time he ran into trouble he asked his parents for help
3At one point it seemed certain that their plane would crash
at one point 某方某时刻（point 指时间某点）
At one point he made up his mind to become a painter度决心画家
it先行语真正语that 引导句it作先行语时常seemappearlook等连：
It now looks certain that the meeting is going to be put off
现似肯定会议推迟
4It could only get over the mountains if it rose to 10000 feet
rise to … 升……
5The plane was then able to rise and it cleared the mountains by 400 feet
by表示相差……差意思
I missed the train by ten minutes 晚10分钟没赶火车
He is younger than me by two years 两岁
Key structures
Can and Be able to
情态助动词cancould表示请求允许答复时情况
CanCould I borrow you pen
can时表示性：
I can have lunch with your tomorrow if you like
表示天生学力时cancould现时时cancouldbe able to通常互换
表示力时will be able to：
I could drive a car by the time I was sixteen
I tried again and found I couldwas able to swim
Can Jane swim yet
No but she’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time
谈说话时正发生事时般be able to：
Look I can stand on my head
表示成功完成某具体动作时通常couldbe able to果表示某动作没取成功
couldn’t：
It’s pity he couldn’t visit Mary
Oh didn’t you know He was able to visit her after all
He was able to leave Europe before the war began 战争开始前离开欧洲
He was able to go to London yesterday and he enjoyed himself very much
问某具体活动时could回答肯定时候：
Could he borrow a car
Yes he was able to borrow a car after allNo he couldn’t
Special Difficulties
含介词 at 词组
at许词构成固定词组中表示时间：at first（开始时初）at once（马立刻）at present（目前现）at last（终）at times（时）at the moment（现）表示点：at home（家）at school（学校）表示程度：at least（少）at any rate（样）词组at heart（心里实际）at a loss（困惑解知办）等
At any rate I’m determined to stay here at present
At least I’m not mad yet
People have more money now yet the temptation诱惑 to steal is greater than ever before Why I’m at a loss
Though he tried to made conversation with the lady he wasn’t interested in her at heart
★Lesson 44 Through the forest
★risk n 危险险
① n 危险风险
Is there much risk of losing money in doing football pools赌球会输钱风险？
John tookran the risk of damaging his bus and drove it into the back of the thieves’car
约翰着撞坏开辆公汽车危险撞偷车尾
John saved me at the risk of his own life 约翰着生命危险救
② vt ……危险……遭受危险
We’d better take a taxi We can’t risk missing the plane
John risked his own life to save me
★breath n 呼吸
out of breath 气接气
waste one's breath 白费口舌
in one breath 片刻 转眼间
He finished water in one breath 口气水喝完
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
bad breath 口臭
You have a bad breath 口臭
★contents n (常复数)物品(具体东西)
contents of the bag 包里书
More contents (口语) 吃饭时求加饭菜时样说
content n 容(抽象)
content of the text 文章容
课文讲解
1Mrs Anne Sterling did not think of the risk she was taking when she ran through a forest after two men
think of… 考虑思考
Have you ever thought of settleing down in this town
take a risk（of doing） ……风险
run after 追赶追追求
The police are running after a thief
run behind 某面跑
I ran behind him
run to 跑
2They had rushed up to her while she was having a picnic at the edge of a forest with her children and tried to steal her handbag
rush up to sb 迎面某
up面面说话相反方down方相说话相方
go down 接着前走回头
up to表示点时间等直……
The child ran up to his mother when he saw her
He worked up to nine o’clock in the evening
have a picnic 野餐
at the edge of ……边
The park lies at the edge of the town
3In the struggle the strap broke and with the bag in their possession both men started running through the trees
in one's possession in the possession of sb 某拥……
I went out of the book shop with book in my possesion
The house used to be in my possession but now it is in the possession of an old lady
4She was soon out of breath but she continued to run
out of breath 气接气喘气
Tom ran to the shop to get some salt for his mother When he reached there he was quite out of breath
continued to do sth 接着做……
5When she caught up with them she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag so she ran straight at them
go through （仔细）搜查……中搜寻浏览翻(速度较快)
She went through her bag but she couldn’t find her key
catch up with sb 追赶(强调结果)
contents of the bag 包里东西
run (straight) at （at 强调瞄准般straight 相连at）
6'The strap needs mending' said Mrs Sterling later 'but they did not steal anything'
need作需讲时面接动名词动含义
letter writing
信封址书写方式：收信姓名址必须信封中央称呼总姓名连起： Mr James ThompsonJames Thompson EsqMiss H ThompsonMrs D ThompsonMr and Mrs J Thompson Esq‡ Esquire写信时男性尊称(放名面)等Mr 位置 Mrand Mrs(已婚)般夫妇起邀请 先写名写址写信址写信封背面放信中
Key structures
动名词
1动名词做语宾语介词宾语等
Washing the car made me tired
Before leaving the office he gave me a book
I am very keen on cycling
He sat there without saying anything 坐里 言发
That’s no excuse for not mending the chair 修椅子口
2动名词动词+介词
look forward to doing sth 期盼做某事
I am looking forward to seeing him tomorrow
be accustomed to doing sth 惯做某事
I am accustomed to getting up early 惯早起
be used to doing sth 惯做某事
I am used to getting up early 惯早起
较：I used to get up early but I don't anymore 常早起 现早起
devote to doing sth 奉献某事 ……奉献……
devote oneself to doing sth 全身心投入做某事
She devotes herself to teaching
My mother devotes herself to doing homework
object to doing sth 反做某事
I object to eating out 反外面吃饭
getbe tired of doing sth ……厌烦 作系动词getbe 换
believe in 信信仰
believe in + sb 表示信某信仰某
believe in + doing sth 表示信条
I belive in taking it easy （take it easy 轻松放松慢慢）
accuse sb of doing sth 某事控告某（accuse vt 控告指控）
The police accused him of stealing 警方控告犯盗窃罪
3startbegincontinue等面定式动名词区：
I began to learnlearning English two years ago
4lovelikeprefer等动词定式动名词意义区
hatelovelike+doing sth 表示种惯(always)
hatelovelike+to do sth 表示某次性行(now)
would love like to do sth 表示想 惯前面加 would
餐厅服务员惯会问 Would you like to…会 Do you like…关心现想吃什常吃什
I hate to do sth… 喜欢……
I hate to say I have no money but I really need some 说明钱
I hate to say but I really have something important to do
想拒绝邀请时句型
prefer…to…结构中动名词
Why don’t you drive to work instead of walking 什架车班代走路？
I prefer walking to driving
5needwant动名词形式具动含义相动定式：
果物体做语直接加动词ing表达动含义
My shirt is torn It needs mending 衬衫撕破 需缝补
Those windows are dirty They want washing 窗户脏 需洗刷
Special Difficulties
catch and run
catch意思抓住捉住逮住时表示（时）赶追等：
He ran quickly to catch the last bus home
When she caught up with them she saw that they were going through the contents of the bag
run意跑面加品词表达追赶逃跑等种含义：
She has run off with all his money
The man ran away with her bag
Mutiple choice questions
4 They were going through the contents of the bag ___c___she ran straight at them
a For this b That's because c That's why d That's so
that's般加特殊疑问词引导句that's all加句
for 加句子时候 惯放句表示某理说for this 说for this reason
5 They got such a fright They were ___c___
a so frightful bsuch frightened cso frightened dsuch fright
so +adjadvsuch +n （d 应 such a fright）
frightful terrible adj 糟糕
frightened adj 感害怕
6 The strap needs mending It ___b___
a has mended b has to be mended c has been mended d has been mending
10 They tried to steal her handbag They tried to ___a___her of her handbag
a rob b steal c be robbed d be stolen
steal面加物（steal sth from sb）rob面加（rob sb of sth）
8 She took a risk What she did was ___a___
adangerous bbrave cclever dstupid
里what 点类似汉语中 兼语 概念whatthe thing that
The thing thatwhich surprised me is that my brother will come What surprised me is that my brother will come (更种表达)
What I said is true 说话真
That is what I heard 听事情
What I saw made me sad
What you said made me sad
★Lesson 45 A clear conscience
★conscience n 良心 道德心
a clear conscience 问心愧
I have a clear conscience 问心愧
a guiltybad conscience 问心愧 (guilty adj犯罪 罪 心虚)
I have a guilty conscience 问心愧
★wallet n 皮夹 钱夹 (般指男种皮夹)
purse n 钱包(女士)
handbag n 手袋
billfold n 皮夹 钱包(美语) (意纸币折叠形成 形象)
★savings n 存款
savings account 存款账号(利息 点象活期存款)
checking account 存款(没利息)
deposit n 定金
deposit account 存款(利息 点象定期存款)
ATM （auto teller machine） 动取款机
selfservice machine 助银行
cash card 取款卡
IC ① interchange 高速公路转换出入口
② integrate circuit [电]集成电路指令计数器
★per cent 百分……
three per cent 百分三
课文讲解
1A clear conscience 问心愧
a clear conscience译清白良心相a good conscience反义词a bad conscience（感疚）
2 The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost
village里总称指村民the whole village指全村面通常单数动词（时视复数）
The whole village was excited by news
learn v 知获悉
the whole world learnt… 全世界知道……
I’ve just learnt that she was ill
a large sum of… 笔……
3Sam Benton the local butcher had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office
while doing现分词短语连词作相时间状语句现分词样前提两动词语两动作通常时发生（句话定进行时态）果语致必须句 句话完整应 while he was taking his savings…
4Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers but it was not returned to him must have done 表示推测must have been done 表示动推测
5Three months passed and then one morning Sam found his wallet outside his front door
三种表示段时间外件事情发生方式：
① …passed and then
② some time later
③ some time passed before…
6It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost together with a note which said 'A thief yes but only 50 per cent a thief'
wrap up 包裹
It had been wrapped up in newspaper by somebody (报纸包inby)
half the money half of the money 钱半（half 直接加名词前表示 半 ）
half an hour 半时 half a year 半年
Half the breadhalf of the bread was bad
together with… with… 起……（介词短语作状语）
I with my son went there 带着子
My son and I went there 子里
a note said… 纸条说……
the picture said… 图片说……
newspaper said… 报纸说……
7Two months later some more money was sent to Sam with another note 'Only 25 per cent a thief now'
some more money 钱 (more )
8In time all Sam's money was paid back in this way
in time in the end 终段时间
In time he found all the books he needed
I’ll tell you everything in time
pay back 回
in the way 种方式
You must pay attention to your spelling In this way you can become a good secrtary in time
Special Difficulties
Steal and Rob
steal （something from someone or somewhere） 偷（某某处）
steal (sth) from (sb) steal（偷）物
The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well
Someone has stolen my bag from me
rob (someone of something)(a buildinga blanka houseetc)抢(某某物)(楼银行房子等)
rob (sb) of (sth) rob方
I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag
The police have caught the men who robbed the bank
Pay back
① 偿
Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week
② 报答……报复（pay sb back）
You’ve been very kind to me How can I pay you back
I’ll pay you back for what you did to me 样定会报仇
He embarrassed me at the party I’ll pay him back someday
★★Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable
★unload v 卸（货）
load v 装货
★extremely adv 非常 极
extremely 形容词副词推极限达复加程度
I am extremely tired 累极
★occur vi 发生
① vi 发生
When did the accident occur？
② vi 想起想
It occured to sb that… 某想起……
It occured to me that I didn't finish my homework 想起没完成作业
It occurs to sb to do sth 某想起……
It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box
突然工想开箱子
sth occur to sb 某突然想起某件事 (面前面翻)
A good idea occured to me I have a good idea
happen vi 发生
What happenedoccured
It happened to me… 件事发生身
What happened to the clavichord
What happened to you What's wrong with you 什事发生身
★astonish vt 惊讶
果动词情绪关宾语形容词两：令 –ing感 ed
astonishing adj 令惊讶 astonished adj 感惊讶
I am surprised>astonished>astounded>shocked 惊讶程度递增
surprise 常意思肤浅
astonished 难置信事
astound vt 惊骇 吃惊 (非常吃惊 目瞪口呆)
shock 快事情
★discover v 发现 (属种前知道事现知道)
discovery n 探索发现
★admit v 承认
① vt 承认供认
admit sth admit doing sth 承认做某事
I admit having lunch
admit that… 承认……
Sally admitted that she had used your dictionary
deny sth deny doing sth 拒绝做……
② vt 准许……进入准许……加入
Without a ticket you won’t be admitted into cinema
They won’t admit him intoto the government
★confine v 关局限某方(狭空间里)
sb was confined to +点 某关某方
sb was confined to the room
课文讲解
1Expensive and uncomfortable
It is too expensive 贵令接受
The book is dear 书点贵（dear adj昂贵 亲爱）
2When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing
a number of… 许干……
You’ve made a number of mistakes in typing this letter
unload 含义卸（货）反义词load（装货） 形 容词uncomfortableunsmiling等相似动词加前缀un表示做相反动作
clothing服装总称数名词分类时强调衣服种类包括鞋帽等clothes般指衣服表示衣服单数名词复数形式 表示许衣服
3No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy
No one could account for the fact that… 谁弄清楚……样事实
No one knows… 没知道……
account for explain give the explanation 说明原作出说明（解释）区account 解释必须令满意 explain 解释行
The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison’s decision to leave the country
How do you account for the battered car
that面句fact位语句说明 fact具体容
句子名词定语句位语句两者区位语句 that起解释说明作定语句起修饰作that 句中做语宾语成分定语句that句中做语宾语成分位语句 My friend Lucy 位语 He couldn’t explain the fact that Mary’s wallet was found in his room
4It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box
sth occurred to sb 某想起某事
open up 开
When he received the gifts he opened them up at once
5He was astonished at what he found
sb be astonished at sth 某事某吃惊
Sam appears astonished at the newssound
what引导名词性句作介词at宾语what the thing whichthat…
6A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods
a pile of 堆……
piles of snow 堆堆雪
on top of ……（顶端接触面）
at the top of ……方（at the top of前词属词范围）
7He had had a long and uncomfortable trip for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours
have a trip go on a trip
be confined to ……限制起
Last weekend Tom’s mother confined him to his room
for文中里强调事实 非原
over more than
8The man was ordered to pay 3500 for the cost of the trip
pay…for… ……付钱……付出代价
She paid 50 for that dress
cost of… ……花费 费
the cost of government 政府开支
Key structures
to at for with连动词
to连动词：accustom(ed) to（惯）amount to（达）appeal to（呼吁）apply to for（适）attach(ed) to（附属）attend to（参加）belong to（属）challenge to（……提出挑战）compare to with（较）condemn(ed) to（判刑）confess to（承认）confine to（限制）consent to（意）convert to（改信(某宗教)）entitle(d) to（享权利）listen to（听）mention to（提）object to（反） occur to（想） prefer to（更喜欢）react to against（……反应）reply to（回答）respond to（响应）see to（注意）submit to（服） surrender to（……投降）turn to（转）yield to（屈服）
I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers
Will you see to this flower while I’m away 时候花？
I shall see to the dinner tonight 晚做晚饭
at 连动词：amused atby（……感趣）arrive atin（达）astonish (ed) at by（感惊愕）exclaim at（惊）glance at（……眼）guess at（猜测）knock at（敲）look at（）point atto（指）shock(ed) at by（感震惊）stare at（盯着……）surprise(d) at by（感惊讶）wonder atabout（感惊异）work aton（钻研）
at 通常表达感情词词动语态at 动词般动语态
He was astonished at what he found
Dan was both surprised and amused at the news
for连动词：account for（说明(原)）ask forof（请求）act foron（代表）apologize for（……道歉）blame for（责备）beg for（乞求）call for（需）charge for（收费）exchange for（交换）hope for（希）look for（寻找）mistake for（误认）mourn for（哀悼）pay for（……付款）prepare for（准备）provide for（提供）search for（寻求）thank for（感谢）vote foron 投票支持wait foron（等候）
He was searched for the stolen money
Can you account for his strange behavious
with连动词：agree with（意）begin with（……开始）communicate with（……联络）compare withto（……较）compete withagainst（……竞争）comply with（意confuse with（误作）contrast withto（形成）cope with（付）correspond with（……致）disgust(ed) with（……讨厌）finish with（完成）help with in（帮助）interfere within（干扰）mix with（混合）occupy(ied) with（事）part with（放弃）please(d) with（……满意）quarrel withabout（争）reason with（规劝）satisfy (fied) withby（感满足）threaten (ed) with（威胁）
I’m pleased with this room
Sam used to mix with those people 萨姆常交
We’ll begin with the exercises 练开始
★Lesson 47 A thirsty ghost
★thirsty adj 贪杯adj 渴
be thirsty for be hungry for 渴(饥似渴)
I am thirsty for the book
★ghost n 鬼魂
ghost强调魂邪恶象征
Ghost’ 影片鬼情未英文名
★haunt v (鬼)访 闹鬼
hauntvisit 应拜访 ghost
the ghost haunt 闹鬼
The ghost haunted the house 房子闹鬼
★block v 堵
The pipe was blocked
★furniture n 家具 设备 储藏物（数名词）
a piece of furniture 件家具
a set of furniture 套家具
★whisky n 威士忌酒
Scotch n 种等威士忌
wine n 果酒葡萄酒石榴酒
beer n 啤酒
brandy n 白兰
★suggest v 暗示
① vt 暗示（间接）表明
His silence suggested that he knew something about the man
② vt 建议提议
suggest +that句
I suggest that we meet at the restaurant
suggest +doing sth
I suggest meeting at the restaurant
★shake（shookshaken） v 摇动
① vt&vi 摇摇动抖动
Mr Thompson shook his head
His hands appear to be shaking 手发抖
② vt ……握手
Dan shook hands with him
Dan shook him by the handshook his hand
★accept v 接受
accept receive sthwith pleasure）
课文讲解
1A public house which was recently bought by Mr Ian Thompson is up for sale
a public house 酒吧酒店口语缩略pub
up for sale 出售供出售（up 形容词已提出供……）
be up for ……某目
This problem is up for discussion问题讨
on sale 折卖
for sale 出卖
2He told me that he could not go to sleep one night because he heard a strange noise coming from the bar
hear sbdoing sth 听见某正做某事
表示感觉动词seehearfeelwatchnotice等动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构宾语补足语定式（通常加 to）现分词两者意义区现分词表示动作正发生定式表示动作发生：
I heard someone knocking at the door 听正敲门
I heard you sing this song yesterday 昨天听唱支歌
bar 酒吧酒店中卖酒柜台
3Though MrThompson had turned the lights off before he went to bed they were on in the morning
on形容词表示开着接通反义词 off
When he arrived home he found that all the lights were onoff
Is the TV on I thought I had turned it off （turn off 关闭）
4He also said that he had found five empty whisky bottles which the ghost must have drunk the night before
the night before 前天晚 last night 昨天晚
the week before 前星期 last week 星期
the day before 前天 yesterday 昨天
the next day 天 tomorrow 明天
直接引语变成间接引语时间状语改变now——>thenlast night——>the night beforetwo days ago——>two days beforeearliertoday——>that daytonight——>that nighttomorrow——>the nextfollowing daylast night——>the night before等
5When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink MrThompson shook his head
for 表目a free drink 免费饮料
shake one's head 摇头表示异议
nod one's head 点头
6The villagers have told him that they will not accept the pub even if he gives it away
even if he gives it away 白送
even if 引导步状语句含强假定性
I won’t have dinner with him even if he pays for it
give away 捐献免费送赠送
He gave all his books away to the library
★Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something
★pull v 拔
① vt&vi 拉拖牵扯（反义词push vt 推）
I felt someone pulling my arm
pull one's leg 开某玩笑
You are pulling my leg 开玩笑
Don't pull my leg any more 开玩笑
You are kidding 开玩笑
No kidding 开玩笑
You are joking （joke n笑话 玩笑 v(……)开玩笑）
② vt&vi 拔抽
You’re pulled out the wrong teeth
He pulled an address book from his pocket
★collect v 搜集
★collection n 收藏品 收集品
collect salary 领工资collect money 筹集资金
collect stamp 集邮collect children 收养孩子
★nod v 点头
① vt&vi 点头点头示意招呼
I asked him if he wanted to come and he nodded his head
When we meet each other in the office he always nods at me
② vi 盹瞌睡（常off连）
He used to nod off during the French class
As he was very tired he nodded over his reading
累边书边盹
★meanwhile adv 时
meanwhile at the same time in the same time
法 however 样连接两句子意思承接概念
课文讲解
1Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer
impossible通常作语定式句作语：
It is impossible for him to help you It is impossible that he will help you
2In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises
in answer to… 作……回答响应……请求
In answer to my request he wrote a letter to George 应请求乔治写封信
in return for 作……报答
3Meanwhile my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been
meanwihile 期间时
He won’t come until ten o’clock Meanwhile you can have a rest
Mary was talking to me about her new dress Meanwhile I was thinking about something else
be busy doing sth 忙做某事
search out 找出搜寻
Have you searched out the books I needed
where 介词 + which
That is the house which I lived in 住房子
That is the house where I lived
where称关系副词外when关系副词
This is the river where I swim （where作定语句标志修饰前面river）
The tooth had been in the hole (in the hole where)
4When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth I was able to tell him that
he had pulled out the wrong tooth
remove表示掉通常结构remove +名词 +from单独：
I’ve removed that picture from the wall
Please remove your hat
★Lesson 49 The end of a dream
★tired adj 厌烦
beget tired of sthdoing sth 讨厌做某事
★real adj 真正 (强调东西假)
true adj 真挚 真诚 符合标准 (强调符合某标准)
real man 真true man 男子汉汉
★spring n 弹簧
spring n 春天泉水
fountain n 工喷泉
★mattress n 床垫
mat n 垫子 (杯垫)
cushion n 座垫
★gust n 阵（阵）风
a gust of anger (阵)名火
breeze n 微风
gale n 风（突发）阵风（风力gust强）
wind n 风总称
★sweep (swept[swept]swept) n 扫刮
① vt 扫扫
She sweeps the floorthe room every morning
② vt （风）吹刮
A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof
sweep sth away ……刮走
The newspaper has been swept away by the wind
blow v 刮
★smash v 碰碎 摔碎
① vt&vi 碎摔碎（）碎裂
The cup smashed on the floor
smash sth into pieces ……摔成碎片
The bed was smashed to piece
crash v 受挤压变碎
The egg is easy to crash
cut sth into pieces 切碎 剪碎
tear sth into pieces 撕碎
break v 碎
crack v 裂开碎
② vt&vi 重击殴猛砸撞
Why didn’t you smash the man with your fist
A car smashed into the wall
★courtyard n 院子
court n 院子庭院法庭
yard n 院子
backyard n 院
★glance v 扫视
glance at 扫眼（意识）
glare at 瞪着(生气)
stare at 盯着
gaze at 盯着(限神 羡慕)
★promptly adv 迅速
promptly＝at once immediately
课文讲解
1Tired of sleeping on the floor a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed
be tired of ……感厌倦句话里省略现分词being形容词短语直接做原状语作相原状语句as he was tired of…
I always go to bed hungry （形容词直接做状语）
Worried about my daughter Lucy she went to London to visit Lucy
I went home I am tired > I went home tired
I went home excited
save up 攒钱储蓄
I want to get married in one or two years so I’m trying to save (some money) up
2For the first time in his life he became the proud owner of a bed which had springs and a mattress
for the first time in one's life 生第次
He became the proud father of a baby 豪成孩子父亲
3Because the weather was very hot he carried the bed on to the roof of his house
on to（onto） 类似 in to（into）表示动作方表示静态位置概念放on（面）概念ontoon to时on代表示位置ononto代：
Lift sth on to the cart
I put the pen ontoon the table
The pen is on the table （ontoon to）
Mr Thompson is jumped onto the stage 汤普森先生跳台
Mr Thompson jumped on the stage 汤普森先生台跳跳
4He slept very well for the first two nights but on the third night a storm blew up
for the first two nights 头两天晚
I study hard for the first three days
for the last three nights 三天晚
blow up
speak up 声点
5A gust of wind swept the bed off the roof and sent it crashing into the courtyard below
gust表示阵强风阵狂风单独a gust of wind形式：
A gust (of wind) blew my hat off
She set off even though the wind was blowing in gusts
然时阵阵狂风吹着出发
off downaway from
below 直接放修饰词作定语
crashing into the courtyard below现分词短语作宾语补足语crash （物动词）直接动形式smash（物动词）动句子中出现两动词果出现两动词 and but 连接者中作非谓语动词to do(表目)ed(表动)ing(表动)
6The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground
not…until 表示直……until 前面没 not 时表示段时间持续动词连 not时常表示某时间点动词（瞬间动词）连：
I’ll stay here until Monday 呆星期
I won’t leave until Monday 星期离开
7Although the bed was smashed to pieces the man was miraculously unhurt
although though 然意义差句出现
to pieces 粉碎成碎片
The cup was broken to pieces
8Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house
glancing现分词引导短语相时间状语句after he glanced at…动词ing形式定强调某名词间动关系
glance v 眼扫视
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me
乔边聊天边浏览报纸
bits pieces
lie (laylain) 物动词面定加around说成lay him
letter writing
数书信dear开头接姓名dear词定信纸左手边顶格第二行退格退5字符 现西方顶格写
Key structures
复合句语序
复合句两种方法构成：连词句句连接起二分词结构定式
1连词连接复合句
① 复合句中句名词句（起名词作）句子中作语宾语be等系动词表语般that引导时what（疑问词引导外）
I know (that) the meeting will be put off
② 句关系（形容词）句关系代词通常whowhomthatwhichwhose
③ 句状语（副词）句时间状语连词 whenafterbeforeas soon asuntilwhileassince等点状语句连词whereeverywhereanywhere等方式状语句连词as短语in the way (that)等方式状语句动词befeelseemappear等面连词as ifas though引导原状语句 becauseas 等引导条件状语句 if 连词引导步状语句句子具素般连词althoughthougheven thougheven if等引导目状语句so thatin order that等连词引导结果状语句描述结果so+形容词+that引导such (a) +（形容词） + 名词 + that 引导较状语句结构包括as +形容词副词 + asnot soas … as形容词副词较级 +thanmore…thanless…than等
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays
With a special train ticket you can travel anywhereeverywhere you like in Europe for just over 100 Type this again asin the way (that) I showed you just now
As you can’t go yourself you’ll have to ask Susan go for you
然请苏珊吧
2分词结构复合句
① 现分词结构代时间句原句关系句等现分词结构种法仅限两动作语致时候代时间句时分词结构表示动作果发生前分词结构位语前果两动作时发生分词结构位句前位句分词结构位句前面时逗号隔开
I got very angry speaking to them
Feeling tired I went to bed earlier than usual
Following his mom he went there(动概念 着母亲)
② 分词结构常较正式文体代动语态
Damaged in an accident the car has now been repaired
Followed by his mom he went there (动概念 母亲带着着)
3定式结构复合句
种结构通常代表示目表示条件状语句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations
★Lesson 50 Taken for a ride
★ride n 旅行（走路）v 骑(车 马)
trip n（出差性）旅行（旅行方远呆时间长）
travel n（周游世界性）旅行
journey n（陆）旅行
flight n（空中）旅行
voyage n（海）旅行
tour n 游玩
sightseeing n 观光游
★excursion n 远足游玩 郊游(距离会远)
weekend's excursion 周末游
a day's excursion 日游
Tomorrow we will have a day's excursion
★view n 景色(观性较强)
in one's view＝in one's opinion 某
sight n 景色 视线 视野(强调客观)
Can I have a room with a good view
课文讲解
1Taken for a ride
take…for… ……作……
taken for a ride 作次兜风
take sb for a ride 欺骗
taken for
2I love travelling in the country but I don't like losing my way
love like doing sth 喜欢做某事（强调种惯）
I love my brother but I don't like his girlfriend
I love having dinner with you but I don't like paying for dinner
lose one’s way 迷路
3I went on an excursion recently but my trip took me longer than I expected
go on an excursion ＝have an excursion 作次短距离旅行
go on 进行（某目）
I’ll go on holiday next month
Did you go on a trip last month
花费某少时间
take sb some time
It takes sb some time that…
It takes sb some time to do sth
My trip took me a long time
It took me a month to learn book 2
sb spend some time (on) doing sth
sb spend some time on sth
I spent a month learning English
金钱花费cost pay for sth
than I expected 预料（口语）
The question is easier than I expected
You are more beautiful than I expected
You are better than I expected
The holiday took you longer than I expected
than I thought 原
The English class took me longer than I thought
4'but I don't know where it is'
where it is 注意单词连读音标元音音标结尾字母reer结尾会元音间加r音
5'I'll tell you where to get off' answered the conductor
get on the bus 车 get off the bus 车
I will tell you where you can (should) get off
No one got onoff (the bus) at the last bus stop
特殊疑问词+to+动词原形取代宾语句
Can you tell me how I can get there Can you tell me how to get there
Can you tell me what I should do Can you tell me what to do
I don't know which to choose
I wonder when to have a meeting
Can you tell me how to begin a letter
Key structures
表示惯性动作
表示状态感觉情绪精神活动动词appearappreciatebelievefeelforgethearknowlikelooknoticerememberresembleseethinkunderstandbelong toconsist ofcontaindesiredetestdislikehatehopelovemattermeanmindneedwantwish常般现时进行时
Special Difficulties
Lose Loose Miss
lose vt 失丧失遗失丢失
Roy has lost his job again
She lost her parents when she was sixteen
If you bet on that horse you will lose your money （bet on sth ……赌）
loose adj 松动松松开
Servral screws have come loose （come loose松（系动词+adj））
The handle of this suitcase is very has come loose
miss v 怀念 思念 错未……缺（课等）惦念想念
Hurry or you’ll miss the train
I missed my English ★Lesson
missing adj 见
sth is lost sth is missing
missing boy 失踪孩子( lost )
Expect Wait for
expect 表示预计……发生（）等期盼表示等时侧重心理具体某方等
I expect I’m expecting to hear from you
I’m expecting the bus to arrive in the next ten minutes
My trip took me longer than I expected
wait for指等动作身
I’m waiting for the next bus
★Lesson 51 Reward for Virtue
★reward n 报偿v 奖赏
give sb reward ……报偿
reward sb with sth ……奖赏
reward sb for sth ……某奖赏
…reward him for the first prize
★virtue n 美德
strongpoints n 长处 merit n 优点
shortpoints n 短处 weak points 弱点
★diet n 节食
go on a diet be on a diet 实行节食
★forbid（forbadeforbidden） v禁止
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某做某事
allow sb to do sth 允许某做某事
Forbidden City 紫禁城 (禁止城市) Forbidden fruit 禁果
★embarrass v 尴尬
sth embarrass sb …………感尴尬
You embarrassed me 感尴尬
embarrassing adj 令尴尬embarrassed adj 感尴尬
embarrassment n 尴尬
To my embarrassment… 感尴尬……
★guiltily adv 疚
guiltily conscience 问心愧
clear conscience 问心愧
★strict adj 严格
be strict with sb 某严格
My father is strict with me
be strict in sth ……严格
★occasionally adv 偶
on the occasion 偶尔 sometimes 偶尔 at times 偶尔
off and on 偶尔 now and again 偶尔
课文讲解
1My friend Hugh has always been fat but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet things（复数形式）表示情况情形状况形势等含义：
You’re surely made things worse
How are things going on with you
get 作物动词时表示变：
I got interested in French
diet表示治疗某种疾病调节体重特种饮食 规 定 饮 食 时 通 常 on连：
The doctor put him on a strict diet 医生严格控制饮食
I once went on a diet for a week and then I gave up
2First of all he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden
first of all 首先 首 (许事情中首 重)
First of all I must see your passpart
at first 首先（句型at first… then… 起先……然……)
write out 写出（正式）写全部写出
You should werite out a report
3The list included most of the things Hugh loves butter potatoes rice beer milk chocolate and sweets
most of… 部分……
includ contain 包含意思 contain 表示包含全部事物include 表示中部分contain定容器里面装include 含义更广里contain
It included three bags of sweets
Does the bill include a tip
We’re including you in our team
4Yesterday I paid him a visit
pay sb a visit 拜访某
Pay you a visit
pay a visit to sbsomeplace 拜访某某
call up sbat someplace 拜访某某
have a visit＝visit
5I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever
as…as ever 常样旧然
as clean as everas quiet as ever
be surprised to do sth be surprised at sth
6He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk
lead sb into(进门) show sb out(出门) see sb off(送行)
7It was obvious that he was very embarrassed
obviously
Letter writing
果熟悉写信 应方式开头：亲爱布朗先生亲爱史密斯夫姓名总加逗号方熟悉 表示种尊重 写
写信开头：姐姐(Dear +姐姐名字) 朋友尔(Dear Bill) 老板(Dear MrMrs +某) 老校长(Dear MrMrs +姓) 知道方性姓名时 应聘信开头 Dear SirMadam
Key structures
般时
般时常两词once recentlyrecently表示段时期时现完成时连
般时时间状语句中般时算较时
Special difficulties
Raise and Rise
rais作动词时作物动词必须宾语表示举起提……升高等含义：
Will those who agree with me please raise their hands
Why did they raise prices
Heavy rains have raised the level of the river this year
rise作动词时通常物动词表示起立起床（日月等）升起等含义：
You’re still in bed and the sun has already risen
All the students rose when the teacher came into the classroom
Lay and Lie
lay（laidlaid） vt 置搁铺准备
I laid your clothes on the bed so you could put them away
If you can’t cook the dinner you can at least lay the table
lie（laylain） vi 躺卧
Are you going to spend the whole morning lying in bed
Beat and Win
beat vt 败战胜胜超
They beat their enemy though they were fewer in number
I beat you 败
表示球队败球队beat
win vt ……获胜（成功）赢获夺
Who won the race the war
beat面接手win接手
★Lesson 52 A pretty carpet
★inch n 英寸(度量单位)
foot 英尺(pl feet ) mile 英里
★space n 空间
★actually adv 实际
＝in fact
课文讲解
1We have just moved into a new house and I have been working hard all morning
现完成进行时强调动作某段时间直进行动作现结果现完成时表示漫长时间段发生 定现产生影响发生动作 直延续现现完成时 动词定延续性动词
It has rained for half day
It has been raining
2I have been trying to get my new room in order
get sth in order ……秩序……整理(get 役动词)
in order 整齐井然序秩序 次序
GetPut everything in order before you leave the room
3This has not been easy because I own over a thousand books
★own
① vt 拥
I own over a thousand books
② vt &vi 承认
He owned to stealing the wallet
He owned (that) he had made a mistake
③ adj
He has a car of his own
He lives in his own house
4To make matters worse the room is rather small so I have temporarily put my books on the floor
to make matters worse 更糟糕……插入语
I lost my way in the forest and to make matters worse it became dark
rather adj 相
5At the moment they cover every inch of floor space and I actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room
at the moment ＝ now 现刻目前
every inch 英寸(夸张)
Gold covered every inch of the ground in America
It is worth every penny of it
6A short while ago my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs
help sb (to) do sth 帮某做某事(to 省略)
help sb with sth 帮某做某事
He help me to learn English
He help me with my English
with one’s help 某帮助
With your help i made great progress
7'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen' she said
I have ever seen 做定语句出现 高级标志
8She gazed at it for some time then added 'You don't need bookcases at all You can sit here in your spare
time and read the carpet'
gazed at …… 羡慕
not at all 完全起强调作
in one’s spare time 某空闲时候spare表示空闲余
I like to read in my spare time
Have you got a spare moment （现）空？
Key structures
现完成时现完成进行时
现完成时：have done表示已完成动作
现完成进行时：have been doing强调动作某段时间直进行动作现结果现止该动作已继续进行继续进行根文确定句子中常含 all+表示时间词语all dayall morning等for since
I have read the book 书已完
I have been reading the book 没完 继续
表示持续性动词 learnlieliverainsleepstand since for 副词短语连how long开头疑问句中：
I’ve been working for Exxon for 15 years
现完成进行时表示常重复动作：
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week
段时间连现完成时 现完成进行时 次数连 定完成时 现完成进行时
He has rung me up five times since 12 o’clock
语法精髓
1You should go to bed You _____ (watch) TV for 5 hours
2I _____ (write) letters since breakfast
3I _____ (write) 3 letters since breakfast
4Sorry but MrSmith _____ (leave) for Beijing
5I _____ (look) for him everywhere where can he be
1have been watchinghave watched
2having been writing
3have written
4has left
现完成进行时连 定次数现完成进行时连动词 定短暂动词
leave瞬间动词
5have been looking 通 where can he be 句话知没找 继续找
Special Difficulties
形容词相应副词法：
许副词特表示方式副词皆形容词加ly构成easy（容易）easyly（容易）beautiful漂亮）beautifully（漂亮） 频 度 副 词 构 成 usual（通常）usually（通常） 少数表示程度观点副词ly 结尾：high（高）highly（高度）real（真）really（真正）
数 形 容词加 ly 变副词 beautiful－－beautifully形容词加ly(asleep)副词定ly结尾(late)加 ly副词(lovely) 副词然形容词加ly构成意义相应形容相hard（勤奋困难）hardly（）cold（冷）coldly（冷淡）late（迟晚）lately（）near（接）nearly（差差点）
副 词 两 种 形 式 意义相cheap（廉价）cheaply（廉价）意义late（迟晚）lately（）hard（努力猛烈）hardly（）
late
hard
high
deep
near
副词形式形容词相fastpastfar等
数方式副词位置般宾语动词前面表示时间副词常位句尾时位句首程度副词almostenoughhardlynearlyquiterathertoo等部分修饰动词前 副词修饰动词(walk quickly) 形容词(very beautiful) 副词词性身(very much) 修饰句子
Quite and Quiet
quite adv 完全相
I’m quite ready 已全准备
Are you quite certain 敢完全肯定？
quiet adj 安静静静止寂静
The sea was very quiet this morning 天午海静
The house became quiet again when the children were gone
★Lesson 53 Hot snake
★hot adj 带电 充电
hot adj 热新鲜棘手带电 充电
hothothot 麻辣烫hotwings 辣鸡翅hot dog 热狗
hottempered 火暴(脾气) （temper n 脾气）
hot line 热线hot topic 热门话题
hot cake 热蛋糕
It sells like a hot cakecakes 表示东西畅销 热销
best seller 畅销东西
hot potato 棘手问题
hot news 热点新闻
★fireman n 消防队员
hydrant n 消防栓 消防龙头
fire extinguisher 灭火器 （extinguisher n 熄灭者 灭火器）
extinguish＝put out 灭火
★cause v& n 引起原
① v 引起
cause sth 引起麻烦
Carelessness causes accidents 粗心导致事
Pride causes failure 骄傲失败
cause sb to do sth 引起某做某事 导致某做某事
Illness caused him to lose his temper (lose one’s temper 发火)
② n 原强调事情发生直接原()
because
reason 理种理()
★examine v 检查
examine the soil
check v 核实 核
★accidentally adv 意外 偶然 (更趋 偶然 意思)
accident－>accidental－>accidentally
accident n 事
unexpectedly adv 出意料(更趋 意外 意思)
★remains n 尸体 残骸
remains指 dead body
★solve v 解决
solve the mystery
solve the problem
★snatch v 抓住
catch v 抓抓鱼
hold v 握着
snatch v (突然抓起)强调动作突然性
seize v 抓住(力)
seize my arm
课文讲解
1Hot snake
hot snake 触电蛇
get a electric shock 触电
2At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California
at last 终
put out a fire 扑灭火（put out扑灭熄灭关掉）
Please put the lightfire out
a fire 场(堆)火
3Since then they have been trying to find out how the fire began
since then 时起现止
find out （研究努力等）找出发现查出……（里 find out宾语句）
I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday
4Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away
broken glass 碎玻璃片
cigarette ends 烟头
5They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire
be able to 够 be not able to 没够
be sure that ……握quite sure 相握性
rather adv 相
fairly adv 相 公正 诚实
quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly 程度轻
quite a few 颇(相)
start a fire＝cause a fire （start vt ……发生引起）
6This morning however a firemen accidentally discovered the cause
accidentally by chance 偶然
discover身含偶然发现（某已存东西）含义
I don’t know who discovered America
7He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16000volt power line
notice 注意没注意东西
the remains表示尸体残骸必须复数形式：
The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake
16000volt power line 连字符 旦加两词间 词间失加复数资格 够加连字符概念定做定语
★wind vt 缠绕卷……盘旋蜿蜒
① vt 缠绕卷……（常 aroundround连）
Did you wind this piece of wire round the tree
② vt 蜿蜒盘旋
wind one's way 蜿蜒行
8In this way he was able to solve the mystery
in this way 样
9A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires
had done 先发生事
drop 意掉
10When it did so it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire
do so 做
I refuse to do so 拒绝做
so常动词代指前面提某动作某件事免重复
I thinkbelieve so
Summary writing
1 Have firemen put out a big forest fire in California or not Have they been trying to discover its cause(Now that )
2 Was there any evidence that it was started by broken glass or by a cigarette end or not
5 Where did the snake wind itself What had it sent to the ground Did this cause the fire or not(In winding and)
1 Now that fireman have put out a big forest fire in California they have been trying to discover its cause
now that 然
2 evidence n 证
区分位语句定语句区：果 that 做语者宾语 定语句果 that 作语作宾语 位语句 fact evidence 面加语句
5 (In) winding itself around the wires the snake had sent sparks to the ground and it caused the fire
介词in on放动词ing前面理解方式没in on理解方式样
Key structures
般时现完成时现完成进行时
般时通常表示确切时间状语连现完成时时表示段时间状语连时需时间状语现完成进行时时表示段时间状语连时 all+表示时间名词连现完成时般时中状态动词（表示存拥感情思想需求等动词）行动词现完成进行时通常行动词连
Special Difficulties
Throw toThrow at and Throw away
throw作物动词含义投掷抛扔
throw to (sb) 扔（某）
He threw the ball to me and I caught it
throw at 准某目标扔
The boy threw a stone at the window and broke it
throw away 扔掉丢弃
Many people throw away cigarette ends carelessly
Cause and Reason
cause
① n 原起
Do you know the cause of the war
What was the cause of the delay
② v ……产生发生引起
cause sth 导致 引起
What caused the accident
cause sb to do sth 导致某做某事
reason
① n 理原
Give me your reasons for going there
What was the reason for the delay
作原讲时reason cause互换reason介词for 连cause介词of连
reason面通常why引导句：
That was the reason why the meeting was put off
② v 推理劝导说服
reason with sb 劝说(道理)
How can you reason with him when he is so worried
Drop and Fall
drop vi&vt （）掉（）落放（强调心掉）
As he walked past the tree an apple dropped from it
The waiter dropped a fork
fall vi 落（雨雪）降跌倒摔倒（强调掉概念 动作）
I fell and hurt myself
When leaves fall in autumn I’ll come back
★Lesson 54 Sticky fingers
★sticky adj 粘
as sticky as glue 胶水样粘
★finger n 手指
thumb 拇指index finger 食指middle finger 中指
ring finger 名指little finger 指
toe n 脚趾
★mix v 混合 拌
① vt 混拌
I was busy mixing butter and flour
You can mix some salt into the flour
② vi 交相处
I’m not going to mix with those people 算
Mary doesn’t mix much 玛丽太交
mixture n 混合物
★annoying adj 恼
It is annoying
annoyed adj 感烦恼（ anger语气弱）
★dismay v 失 泄气
dismay sb 某感失
dismaying adj 令失dismayed adj 感失
★recognize v 认出听出
① vt 辨出认出认识
I recognized the voice of Helen Bates
②vt 承认确认认
It is recognized that Jane is the most intelligent girl among us
He recognized Dan as one of his best friends
★persuade v 说服 劝说
persuade 表示劝说已成功
try to persuade 劝说
reason with sb 劝说说明否劝说成功
★mess n 乱七八糟
口语中a mess指困境窘境团糟等含义
What a mess 真糟糕透
You are a mess 真邋遢
The manwoman is a mess
make a mess of sth ……搅乱七八糟
He made a mess of my job 工作搅团糟
Make some jam if you want to but don’t make a mess in the kitchen
★sign v 签字
sign your name(s) here 签名 (许加 s )
sign for 签收
signature n 签名
I need your signature 需签名
autograph n 明星 名签名 (n 亲笔签名v 签署)
★register v 挂号邮寄
a registered letter 挂号信
课文讲解
1The children were at school my husband was at work and the house was quiet
at school 学at work 班at home 家休息
schoolwork前加冠词指具体学校具体干什工作泛指干什
home副词加冠词
2In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry
be busy doing sth 忙做某事
flour 面粉 数名词 注意发音 flower 相 flower 数名词 般会复数
flowers
be covered with… 盖满……
3At exactly that moment the telephone rang
at exactly that moment 时恰恰时
exactly加强语气表示正恰恰：
That’s exactly what I wanted to tell you
4Nothing could have been more annoying
No one could behave been… 没……
No one could be have been fatter 没更胖
Nothing could have been… 没……更……
Nothing could have been cheaper 没什东西更便宜
Nothing could have been more exciting 没什事情更令激动
No face could be uglier 没张脸更丑
No books could be more interesting 没书更趣
5I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates
pick up the receiver 捡起话筒
6It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later
persuade sb to do sth 说服某做某事
I persuaded him to give up that plan
persuade sb into doing sth 说服某做……
I persuaded him into giving up that plan
It takes sb some time to do sth 花费某久做某事（it 作形式语）
ring back 回电话电话
later表示
Ten minutes later the bus arrived
Please come back later (on)
7At last I hung up the receiver
hang up 挂起
hang up the receiver 挂断电话
8I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead
no sooner…than… hardly…when… 刚…………（完成时）
★enough n& adj& adv 足够
① n 足够
I havehad had enough 已拥足够
② adj 足够
enough +n n +enough 修饰名词
I have enough timetime enough
③ adv 足……
enough修饰adj者adv时定放修饰词面
enough to do sth 足做某事
He is rich enough to buy the whole city 富买整城市
The water in the pool is warm enough (to swim in)
I am hungry enough to eat sth
Summary writing
1 Did the writer return home from the shops or not What did she begin to make (As soon as)
1 as soon as when时间状语句引导词as soon as 强调动作发生 立发生动作when 强调两动作紧密相连
4 Did she look at the mess she had made or not (After that)
after 作介词 接名词代词作宾语作连词 接句子
文中 that 代词 after that 仅介词短语
Composition
2 Two hours had passedI smelled something burning(When)
Two hours had passed when I smelled something burning
…(time)passed and then……(time)passed before…
般会 when 放 …(time)passed… 前 种惯
something burning burning放定代词面 ing 表动关系 表示东西正燃烧
Letter writing
信第段里 应该提已收封信促回信某事件
pleased to do sth 非常高兴
I was very pleased to learn that you are well
I was very pleased to learn that you have a baby 恭喜做爸爸
Thank you for +n
Key structures
The Some and Any
1some any数名词复数数名词前some 通常肯定句any通常否定句疑问句中期肯定答复疑问句中some肯定句中表示便 含义时any
These are the only meat pies I have Do you want some of them
Yes please Any meat pies will do
2形容词the（决aan）表示作整体群体 the blindthe deafthe livingthe deadthe richthe poorthe youngthe old形容词复数动词形容词身指体：
The Government always makes sure that the old are cared for
This is a special school for the deaf
果想指单数体说：
Sam is a young man with a lot of money
3列名词指目相关动作时零冠词（名词前没冠词） 类 名 词 bedchurchclasscollegehospitalmarketprisonschoolseauniversitywork 特指东西面前the泛指类事物中时a
4形容词副词高级前面themost表示数时前面加the
the most
most of the… 部分……
most of the young people 部分年轻
Most young men have to work hard
Most buildings in this district belong to the government
★Lesson 55 Not a gold mine
★gold n 金子
sth be made of gold ……金子做成
gold watchgold ringgolden sun 金色太阳
golden] adj 金色 宝贵
Silence is golden 沉默金
golden opportunity 宝贵机会 (opportunity n 机会 时机)
golden sentence 黄金句型
I am honoured to have the opportuneity to do sth
I am glad to have the golden opportunity to do sth
I am glad to have the golden opportunity to stay with you
goldfish n 金鱼
platinum n 白金 铂
★treasure n 财宝 (总称 没复数)
treasure island’ 金银岛
jewel n 宝石 珠宝 (数)
jewelry n 珠宝 珠宝类 珠宝(总称 数)
I have some jewels I have some jewelry
diamond n 钻石
jade n 碧玉 (数名词)
jade palace 翠宫饭店
★revealer n 探测器
reveal v 揭示
★invent v 发明
invention n 发明
★detect v 探测
detective n 侦探
★pirate n 海盗
pirate n 海盗 盗印者 盗版者 侵犯专利权者
vt 盗印 盗版 掠夺 翻印 vi做海盗
★arm v 武装
① n 手臂武器
hold one's arm
Farewell Arms 永 武器
farewell int 会(常含永容易见面意思)
② v 武装
Soldiers should be armed well 士兵应该武装
be armed with … ……武装
The youth should be armed with knowledge 年轻应该知识武装
The teacher should be patient The teacher should be armed with patience
be covered with ……覆盖
army n 军队
★soil n 泥土
soil n 土壤 (生长植物方)
earth n 泥土 (泥巴)
★entrance n 入口
entrance ofto… ……入口
entrance of the park entrance to the park
exit n 出口 太门 退场 世vi 退出 脱离 世
★thoroughly adv 彻底
completelythoroughlytotally
★confident n 信心
be confident of doing sth 信心做……
be confident that +句 信心做……
confidence n 信心
课文讲解
1Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently
★dream n 梦v 做梦
① n 梦想
dreams come true 梦想成真
dreams ended 梦想破灭 梦断
dream of … ……梦
Dream of flying in the sky comes true
② v 做梦
dream of doing sth
I dream of flying in the sky(dream v)
come true 变成现实（预言期等）成事实（愿意）实现
His dream to travel around the world at last came true
2A new machine called 'The Revealer' has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground
句话中动词 果出现动词 and列连接 变成复合句 when because连接 动词表示动词意思 做谓语 非谓语动词
分词做定语 表示 ploughed field n +called 称…………（果短语修饰词 短语放修饰词边）
the plane called a Pilatus Porter
be used to do sth ……
used to do 常常
位语句中引导词that会which
in the ground (更惯 under the ground )
3The machine was used in a cave near the seashore where it is said pirates used to hide gold
it is said插入语说讲
where in which翻译时译 修饰 cave点状语句
This is the river where I swim
4The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it
would表示惯性动作 处表示 used to 常做
fail to do sth 未忘记做某事项 （fail面接动词定式表示否定）
He failed to see the reason why they sent him away
collect含义（）取接
Don’t fail to collect me before you go to the party
I’ll collect my post on my way home
5Armed with the new machine a search party went into the cave hoping to find buried treasure
果句子语事物 句子合句子保留句子做句 变成非谓语动词非谓语动词采种形式 根语关系 果动关系 ing 动关系 动词ed形式 句句子位置安排保持句子衡 注意动作连贯
The boy went home The boy was crying The boy was beaten
Beaten by sb the boy went home crying
arm(ed) with 表示带着装着穿着等
Don’t worry I’m armed with an umbrella
You’d better arm yourself with a warm coat
6Very excited the party dug a hole two feel deep
Very exciting … 形容词短语做状语
Tired of sleeping on the floor …
Tired I went home I went home tired句子序 表达意思
two feet deep数词+量词+形容词结构做定语 做表语
I am five years old
The street is five meters wide
longwidehighdeep高 tall
7In spite of this many people are confident that 'The Revealer' may reveal something of value fairly soon
in spite of though even if
something of value
of表示修饰名词具某种性质状况of加名词联想名词应形容词
The news is of great importance to us
of value＝valuable 价值
of small value 价值( almost worthless)
形容词放定代词边
something important something of importance
someone patient someone of patience
Summary writing
1 IsThe Revealer’a new machine or an old machineIs it used for detecting buried gold or not(which)
2 Did a search party use this machine or not Where did they try to find gold recently(Using this machine)
3 Did they examine the cave thoroughly or not Did they only find a small gold coinWas it valuable or was it practically worthless(Althoughwhich)
4 Do many people believe that the machine may reveal something of value soon or not(However)
1machine 作先行词 it 指代 machine 会which 取代
2Using this machine a seach party tried to find the gold in came near the seashore
3Although 会引导步状语句 which 会引导定句
Although they examined the came thoroughly they only found a small gold coin which was practically worthless
4however 放句首句中 逗号隔开
Key structures
表示惯性动作
提某特定时间时 时 would代used to时 would需指出具体时间used to需
used to暗示现时would换：
I used to drink heavily but I have given up drinking now
I never used to eat a large breakfast but I do now
used to描写状态时 would互换would表示特惯行：
This sort of novel used to be very popular 种说流行
I used to be a waiter but now I’m a taxidriver
used to强调现时would互换事开头时would必须首先般时used to描述背景然would表示惯性动作：
When I was a boy we always spentused to spend our holidays on a farm We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows
Special difficulties
use be used to used to
use vt 运应
May I use your dictionarycar
I don’t know how to use the word
be used to 惯（面名词动名词beget等代）
I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker
I’m used to shopping alone
used to 惯……（表示现通常已存惯般时面动词定式）
I used to get up early when I worked as a baker but I don’t have to get up early now
You didn’t use to smoke
Gold and Golden
glod
① n 金黄金金币金块
He loves gold more than anything else
② adj 金
When Frank retired they gave him a gold watch
All that glitters is not gold （all…is not… 部分否定 not all）
golden adj 金色（机会等）非常兴盛
As the sun set the sky became golden
As he grew older he always thought about the golden days of his life
You’ve missed a golden chance to make a lot of money
★Lesson 56 Faster than sound
★sound n 声音
① n 声音
sound n 声音
voice n 声音
noise n 周围谐声音 躁音
② v 听起
③ adj 合理（等reasonable adj合理 道理 通情达理 讲道理）
I have a piece of sound advice 合理建议
soundly adj 香甜
sleep soundly
★excitement n 激动 兴奋
to one's excitement… 令某激动……
The most exciting thing is that… 令激动……
The most surprising thing about it is that 令惊讶事情……
It excited me that… 激动……
★handsome adj 漂亮 美观
handsome adj 形容男孩 英俊 般男孩子连
handsome连阳刚美物相连表示美观方表示制作精良handsome女性连时
候表示女孩子阳刚气类似女侠概念
Your husband is handsome
beautiful 形容时候表示外美统 完美概念
You look beautiful
Flowers are beautiful
Picture is beautiful
pretty adj 美丽(女孩孩)柔美意思
pretty男性连表示没阳刚气女性化
Your wife is pretty
pretty boy pretty girl pretty woman
nice adj 美(天气 食物 物品品质等)
You are nice 长错
lovely adj 爱
This is a lovely story 爱事
goodlooking adj
smart adj 巧美丽(物)时髦美丽()
She is smart
cute adj漂亮 常形容孩
The baby is cute
What a cute baby 漂亮宝宝啊
How cute you are 漂亮啊(爱啊)
★explosion n 爆炸 轰响
explosive n 爆炸物炸药adj 爆炸(性) 爆发(性) 暴露
explode vt 爆炸vi 爆炸 爆发 破 推翻 激发
bomb n 炸弹vt 投弹 轰炸
The bomb exploded
★course n 跑道行程
① n 跑道行程
on the course 轨道运行
off course 偏离轨道
of course 然
② n 课程
This term I tooktake seven courses 学期学七门课
★rival n 手
competition n 竞争 竞赛
The person who takes part in the competition
competitor n 竞争者 手
opposite n 相反事物adj 相 面 立 相反 等 应
opponent n 手 反者(持反意见 辩赛政治)
enemy n 敌
rival adj 势均力敌n 势均力敌手
★speed（spedsped） v 疾驶
① v 疾驶急行
The police car sped past us
The two men sped out of the room
② n 速度
at the speed of ……速度
The car goes at the speed of 40 miles an hour at 40 miles an hour
车3 speed4 speed表示档位
speed up 速度增加 加速slow down 减速
blow up 风力增加
★downhill adv 坡
downstairs 楼upstairs 楼
go down stairs
go downhill 山
downtown n&adj&adv 市中心商业区（反意词uptown 远离商业区）
I'll go to the downtown
课文讲解
1Once a year a race is held for old cars
Old car race is held once a year
once +表示时间名词 ……次
The postman calls once a day
be held for 赛……举行
2A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began
enter for 报名参加
a great deal of +数名词 量……
There wasis a great deal of excitement 非常激动
a great number of +数名词
a great many +数名词 许……
a large amount of +数名词
just before just 起强调作
3One of the most handsome cars was a RollsRoyce Silver Ghost
one of 直接作语时候 做单数
One of the answers is ture
One of those people is good
果定语句中出现one of作先行词边关系代词指代面复数名词果one of前面修饰词only边关系代词指代one词作单数
He is the only one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths
4Built in 1885 it was the oldest car taking part
The car was built in 1885
taking part 理解taking part (in the race)
5After a great many loud explosions the race began
after explosions 许爆炸声
6Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them
many cars 许车子many of the cars 车子中许
many students 许学生many of my students 教许学生
some pictures 片some of the pictures 片中
break down 车子抛锚（机械等）出障出毛病
This morning I was late for work because my car broke down twice
under the car指车面修理in the car指正常驾驶句中under in斜体英文中斜体字起强调作
spent more time under their cars than in them
花车时间车里时间
7The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour much faster than any of its rivals
the wining car 获胜车
a speed of +数量词 速度……
You must have been driving at a speed of seventy miles an hour
much faster 快a little faster 快点
any of its rivals＝any rival
any 较级中旦出现 加数名词单数
Beijing is bigger than any other city （注意 other 丢）
果定代词 说someone else anyone else果定代词 名词前加other
any other competitor
8It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it
at the end of… ……末尾部分
He spoke a few words at the end of the meeting
have trouble (in) doing sth 干……麻烦做……困难（trouble数数）
They had some trouble finding out the cause of the fire
9The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure
give sb+n 某……
give sb pleasure
It will give sb a great deal of pleasure
There was a great deal of excitement
give sb a fright 吓某跳
give sb a surprise 某惊喜
10It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting
modern car race 现代车赛
be different from ……
no moreno less表示……样 相only the same
There are no more than 100 students 房间仅百学生
no less exciting 样激动
no more than you 样
表示……相not more morenot less less
not less exciting 更令激动
Letter writing
常开头语：
I am sorry it has taken me so long to write but…
I was glad to hear from you at last and to learn that…
Key structures
较关系句型
as…as ……样
the same (…) as ……相样
You’ve made the same mistake as Tom
时the same单独：
My mother is much younger than yours
She isn’t They’re about the same age
Those two dress are the same
not so…as not as…as ……
different from ……（different前面加verymucha little等修饰语）
Is French food very different from Italian food
A Frenchman could tell you better than I can
We’re planning something different this year from what we did last year
litte few口语中not muchnot many代：
There isn’t much sugararen’t many sweets but you can have a littlefew
much many 通常否定句疑问句（正式文体外）日常谈话中通常避免肯定句中muchmany数量词口语中表示许数量词 a lot of复数数名词连数名词连面动词单数复数取决名词a lot of正式表达方式：a greatgood deal of+数名词a greatgoodlarge number of+复数名词a greatgood many of+复数名词
what引导感叹句中muchmany：
What a lot of sweets Tom’s bought
I am less lucky 幸运
more exciting 更激动 not less exciting
Special difficulties
Handsome Beautiful Pretty Goodlooking
handsome adj 漂亮英俊般形容男子指东西制作精良
beautiful adj 美丽美感令愉悦完美强调外结合形容女子孩童花草服饰等般形容男子长相
pretty adj 漂亮爱令怜爱强调女孩孩外表美丽
goodlooking adj 标致美貌男女均适
My furniture is goodlooking
Reach and Arrive inat
reach vt 达达（适范围较广仅仅限点）
When you reach my age you’ll be able to understand it
Can you get that book down for me please I can’t reach it
arrive vi 达抵达
表示达某较方时arrive in达某较方场arrive at
When I arrived at the station the train had already gone
Take part and Take place
take part (in) 参加参
I didn’t take part in their conversation
It was the lodest car taking part
take place＝happen 发生进行举行
What happened What took place
All these took place before you were born
The Olympic Games will take place in our country in four years’ time
★Lesson 57 Can I help youmadam
★madam n (妇女尊称)太太 夫
ma’am n <口>夫 太太 女士 姐 madam
★jeans n 牛仔裤
trousers n裤子 长裤
pants n裤子 短裤
★hesitate v 犹豫 迟疑
hesitate to do sth 犹豫做……
make up one's mind 决心做……
hesitation n 犹豫 踌躇
without hesitation 毫犹豫
Without hesitation he refused my request
★serve v 接(顾客)
① vt&vi 帮佣仆……干活
serve sb 某服务
Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years
②vt&vi 服务服役供职
She served the firm as a secretary for two years
Have you ever served in the army
③ vt&vi 接（顾客）
The assistant was eager to serve her this time
Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18
service n 服务 服务性工作 服役 仪式vt 保养 维修
adj(军队)服现役 服务性 仆 耐
At your service 乐您效劳
★scornfully adv 轻蔑
look down uponon 起瞧起……
He looks down on me
★punish v 惩罚
punishment n 惩罚
capital punishment 极刑
★fur n 裘皮
mink n 貂皮
★eager adj 热切 热情
be eager to do sth 急做某事
课文讲解
1A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop
do window shopping (表示橱窗外面购物)
a woman in jeans 穿牛仔裤妇女
2Though she hesitated for a moment she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window
for a moment 定现完成时连 般现时 动词延续性动词
ask to do sth 请求做某事
3The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed
dress sb 某穿衣服
Mother is dressing her baby
I dress myself 穿衣服（反身代词做语 I am dressed）
dress表示穿着扮时常动语态
be dressed in
She is dressed in jeans
Why is your aunt dressed in black
the way 直接加定语句 需引导词
I don’t like the way she eats 喜欢吃饭样子
The way she eats annoyed me 吃饭样子烦
I cooked in the way you taught me
4She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other
with sth in hand 手着
He went to the theatre with a book in one hand 手着书电影院
She went to her monther’s carring her baby with a chicken in one hand and a duck in the other (go to one’s monther’s 回娘家)
5After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress
seek out 找出 找
He sought out the thief in the crowd
Seek him out quickly I want to speak to him
6Not realizing who she was the assistant was eager to serve her this time
现分词短语代分句位句首时否定形式前面加notwithout never等否定词词时互换时：
NotWithoutNever hesitating for a moment he ran after the thief
Not being able to open the door I asked my neighbour for help
tell sb not to do sth 告诉某做某事
eagergladpleasedsorry等描述感觉形容词作表语时面定式：
They are all eager to come
I’m pleased to work with you
Letter writing
信开头常面两句型：
What a surprise it was to …
What a surprise it was to send me flowers
to do sth 结构中前面表达动作谁做 加for sb
It is important for me to do sth （for 定加 to 前面）
What a surprise it was for you to send me flowers
Forgive me for not writing earlier but … 抱歉久没写信
I apologize I do apologize 真抱歉(do 强调作)
You apology is accepted
Key structures
At In Off and With
表示点位置时说话角度会影响介词选择at 通常表示居住点某停留点工作点等in表示里面包围含义：
I'll see you at the station 车站送
On the way home we stopped at a small village called Puddleton
There were a lot of people in the street 街许
Let's go for a walk in the park 公园散散步
off常动词连表示位置变化……分离译脱掉脱落（相away fromdown from意思）等反义词on：
The lid came off easily 盖子容易掉
The pencil rolled off the table 铅笔滚桌子面
描写时in 通常表示穿着面加衣服颜色with 表示身某具体特征身带着着什：
He looks handsome in that uniform
That man with long hair is supposed to be a poet 留着长发男应该诗
The police are looking for a man with a scar on his face
The woman with the brown handbag and long umbrella is a famous novelist
A child came along with a brown dog
Special Difficulties
Make and Let
makelet 面带to定式意义法区：
make+名词代词+带to定式表示迫致：
She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window
What made him change his mind
That beard makes you look much older than you really are
动语态中含述意义make面必须带to：
He was made to work fourteen hours a day
He was made to change his mind
let祈句建议包括说话者采取某行动：
Let’s not waste any more time
否定形式Let’s not…外Don’t let’s…：
Don’t let’s waste any more time
let+名词代词+带to定式表示允许：
Don't let him persuade you 说服
Let me try 试拭
Don't let the children touch anything in this room please
果宾语us缩写成let’s：
Please let us have more time will you
let面动带to定式：
He let it be known that the house was his
let般动意义表示允许时allow
We were not allowed to speak
★Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise
★blessing n 福气 福分
bless v 保佑
God bless you Bless you 帝保佑
Bless my country 保佑国家
★disguise n 伪装
in disguise 穿着伪装
a wolf in disguise 披着羊皮狼 伪装狼
a blessing in disguise 祸福
a curse in disguise
(curse] n 诅咒 咒语 祸根 祸vt 诅咒 咒骂 降祸 受罪)
★tiny adj 极
tiny very very small
★possess v 拥
sb possess sth 某某物
possession n 拥 占 着迷 领土 领 财产(常复数) 制
in one's possession 某某物
★cursed adj 恨
cursed adj 诅咒 邪恶
果ed构成形容词 做形容词读音读id
★increase vt 增加
add物动词grow物动词
★plant v 种植
plant 强调东西种
plant tree 种树(种 活活)
Tree Planting day 植树节
grow v 生长
grow sth 种庄稼(种 生长)
★church n 教堂
church加the 表示点church加the 功关
go to the church 教堂玩
I am at the church 教堂玩
go to church 教堂做礼拜
I am at church 做礼拜
★evil adj 坏
evil wicked adj 邪恶
★reputation n 名声
good reputation 名声 bad reputation 坏名声
fame n 名声（定名声） 名 传说 <古>传闻
famous adj 著名 出名 <口>极 令满意
★claim v ……果
claim take 索取
claim表示（疾病意外等）夺（生命）
The accident claimed a few lives
★source n 源
resource n 资源(次次源re)
reread vt重读 读
sauce n 沙司 酱油 调味料vt 调味 增加趣味（读音 source相）
★income n 收入
rent v 租租出租n 租金
interest n 兴趣关心重性影响利息利益利害
vt 发生兴趣引起……注意
bonus n 奖金 红利
DINK丁克家族 D－doubleI－incomeN－noK－kids
kid n哄骗取笑开玩笑孩山羊v 哄骗取笑开玩笑欺骗
课文讲解
1The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'
There名词语代词语 +be said to do sth 说……（太握事发表法时种谨慎说法）
There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa
Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class
It’s not as old as it’s said to be 说古老
it is said that… 说……
It is said that he is very good ＝ He is said to be very good 说非常
种结构动词say外believeknowfindfearthink等：
It is feared that many lives have been lost in the train
次列车事中恐怕少丧生
the tiny village of Frinley 弗林利村庄中介词of表示位关系：
the city of Beijing 名北京城市
at the age of twenty 20岁时
a height of three feet 三英尺高度
2Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased
mention vt 提 提
My father ofter mentions you
in a newspaper 强调报纸里面容
on the newspaper 报纸容关 报纸记什东西时 on
a number of…＝lots of… 许……（数名词复数做复数前翻 强调面东西）
a number of students 许学生
the number of… ……数量总数（数名词复数做单数前翻 强调数量）
the number of students 学生数量
3The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation
it iswas …（强调部分 thatwho(m)+ 句） 万强调结构
It is I that am looking for you 强调 I
It is Jack who(m) Frank phoned last night
gain＝get
4It is said that if anyone touches the tree he will have bad luck if he picks a leaf he will die
英语中分号断开两句子
anyone he 相应
If anyone wanted to go there he will do sth
5The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down but so far he has refused
sb be asked to do sth 请求做某事sb做事
have sth done 某事做完成某事
I will go to have my bicycle repaired （修车）
I will go to repair my bicycle （修车）
I will have my hair cut
make sth done 某事做
Could you make yourself known 知道(介绍)
Could you introduce yourdself 介绍
Could you make youself heard 听(声点)
make法：make +宾语+宾补make +sb+do 某做某事make +sth+done 做某事
so far 迄止（常现完成时连）
He hasn’t returned my books so far
6He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it
point out explain 指出解释
I realized that he had make a mistake so I pointed it out to him immediately
He pointed out that it was a mistake not to help them
7In spite of all that has been said the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the treetrunk
in spite of 然顾
He set off in spite of the heavy rain
in spite of all that… in spite of what ……
（in spite of 介词面接句 加what引导句）
In spite of what you have told me I still believe (that) he has stolen the money
8So far not one of them has been struck down by sudden death
not one of＝none of 没……单数≠no one of（no one加of）
be struck down 倒（stike down ……生重病杀死）
Many people were struck down in that war
He was stuck down by cancer last year
povertystruck 穷困潦倒 （poverty n 贫穷 贫困 贫乏 缺少）
Letter writing
常开头语：
You will be glad to hear that…
Thank you for letting me know that…
Special difficulties
Increase and Grow
increase vt &vi 增加增增长增强
The firm has increased his salary
His salary has increased
grow vi 增长长成长生长
The number of vistors to Frinley has now grownincreased
The students in this university has grown in number
How tall you’ve become How you’ve grown
She has grown so much she is nearly as tall as I am
grow＝increase(表示数量增长)
The number is increasinggrowing
Gain and Earn
gain vt 获（＝get sth）受益获益（earn含义）
Jane has gained much from her year in Australia
earn vt (通努力)获赚钱（gain含义）
earn money 挣钱
earn one's living 谋生
Try to save as you earn 挣钱时设法存起
She earns 500 a month
It has gainedearned an evil reputation
Pick and Cut
pick vt 采摘采集
They picked a lot of flowers yesterday
cut vt 切割剪
She cut an apple in two
Can you cut your own hair
★Lesson 59 In or out
★bark v 狗
The dog is barking
sb is barking 某咆哮
★press v 压
① vt&vi 挤压
She pressed my hand warmly 热情握手
Can you press that button for me please
② vt 挤取榨取（……汁）
This is the time of the year when they press their grapes
If you prefer juice you can press some oranges
③ vt 催促敦促竭力劝说
My parents pressed me to enter for the competition
I don’t like to be pressed 喜欢催促
pressure n 压 压力 电压 压迫 强制 紧迫
★paw n 脚爪
cat's paw 利(寓言)
I don't want to be a cat's paw想利
★latch n 门闩
latch n 门闩（庭院花园中门闩）
bar n 门闩（ latch）
★expert n 专家
expert atin sth 某方面专家
expert atin doing sth
expert atin opening the door
★develop v 养成
① vt &vi 发展扩展
The village has developed into a town now
Do you believe that you can develop your mind through watching TV
相信通电视开发智力？
It’s hard to develop your business in this city
developing skills 发展技巧
fluency in English 流利英语 （fluency n流利 流畅 雄辩）
developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家
Ved 强调已Ving 强调正时态区
boiling water 滚开水 boiled water 开水
develop the film 洗胶卷
② vt &vi（逐渐）显现出产生获养成
She developed an interest in swimming 游泳产生兴趣
★habit n 惯(指惯)
custom n 风俗俗 customs n 海关 customer n 顾客
★remove v 拆掉 取
remove sth from ……挪走
课文讲解
1Our dog Rex used to sit outside our front gate and dark
front gate 前门
would＝used to 常常
2Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate
The dog used to bark the front gate to let(make) somebody open the door
every time＝when 次时（面点时间段时间）
Every time I turn to Lesson 59 I will remember my teacher
the monment＝as soon as …………(强调瞬间)
3As the neighbours complained of the noise my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in
complaim of… 抱怨……
sb spend time (in) doing sthon sth 花费某段时间做某事（作语）
Why don’t you spend more time on studies
I spent two weeks (in) reading this book
It takes sb some times to do sth 某事花某少时间（事情做语）
train sb to do sth 训练某做某事
let sb do sth 某做某事
let sb in 某进 let sb out 某出
let sb down 某失
press his paw on the latch press the latch
press the button press the figure on the button
4Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate
become an expert at doing sth 成……手专家权威
John is an expert at driving a car
She is an expert in flowers
Sam is an expert on that problem
5However when I was going out shopping last week I noticed him in the garden near the gate
going out shopping 加out 强调外出
6Yesterday my husband removed the gate and Rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since
so…that… ……结果状语句省略词so that
so that 便……（目状语句）
This time he was barking so that someone would let him out
since(句尾) since then 时起现止
Special difficulties
ToIn order toSo as toSo thatIn order that表达目种方式
带to定式in order toso as to表示目：
I went to live in France toin order toso as to learn French
not to表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French but to study chemics
so as not toin order not to表示防：
I shut the door quietly so as not toin order not to wake the bady
bringbuyneedtakeusewant等动词常宾语加to定式表示宾语目
I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with
连词so thatin order that引导目状语句目状语句必须具备特征 动词前面定出现情态动词句般现时现完成时般时时候so thatin order that面maycanwill句般时进行时完成时时候so thatin order that面shouldcouldmightwould
I’ve arrived early so that in order that I may can will get the tickets
I arrivd early so thatin order that I might not miss anything
前语致时 定式前面加 for +名词代词that结构更简洁定式逻辑语for sb to do sth
He was barking for someone to let him out
He was barking so that someone would let him out
★Lesson 60 The future
★relation n 亲属
① n （事物间）关系关联（数）
I know little about the relation ofbetween time and space
Is there any relation between the hot snake and the forest fire
② n （国家民等间）关系（数）
Friendly relations have been developed between the two cities
They have broken relations with that firm
③ n 亲戚亲属（数）
A near relation of yours is coming to see you
课文讲解
1A relation of yours is coming to see you
a relation of yours 您亲戚（双重格）
句中现进行时表示目前正进行动作表示发生事情
2The moment you leave this tent you will get a big surprise
the moment as soon as …………（连词引导时间状语句中般现时表示时）
3That is all
口语中表示完事情样
He borrowed some money from me That’s all 钱仅已
4As soon as I went outside I forgot all about Madam Bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me
句话中all代词表示切全部事作语时视单数：
All I can remember is her name
hurry towards sb 某匆匆走
5Your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her
must be表示现时态指状况句话变成：
We must go to the station to meet her
Key structures
表示发生事情
英语中现进行时表示安排活动事件种法通常需表示时间状语（久） arrivecomegoleave等动词进行式常种法表示行程安排关达离等意思：
He’s arriving this evening
We’re spending next winter in Australia
He’s meeting the vicar in two days’ time
时间状语句表示时 afteras soon asbeforeby the timethe momenttilluntilwhen等面通常般时般现时完成时现完成时两种现时态时间连词面常常互换：
The Thompsons will move to a new flat when their baby is has been born
I’ll make it before he comes
第1类条件句中if通常般现时表示发生事：
If he gets the job he’ll be going abroad
I’ll give her a meal if she’s hungry
Special Difficulties
名词+名词构成复合名词
第名词通常起形容词（修饰语）作般单数类复合名词代of结构a car key（汽车钥匙）a chair leg（椅子腿）理解第名词指点第二词指该点中东西a village pub（乡村酒吧）a world record（世界纪录）a kitchen sink（厨房洗涤槽）表示时间a Christams card（圣诞卡）an evening dress（晚礼服）afternoon tea（午茶）表示分类a horror film（恐怖电影）a flower shop（花店）a taxidriver（出租车司机）表示材料a fur coat（裘皮衣）a gold watch（金表）cigarette ends（香烟头）
★Lesson 61 Trouble with the Hubble
★space n 空间(指宇宙空间)
room n 空间（数）房间（数）
Could you make room for me 腾点空间
★robotarm n 机器手
robot n 机器 遥控设备 动机械 机械般工作
★atmosphere n 气层
atmosphere n 气空气气氛氛围
I went to the New Concept English of New Oriental school for its good atmosphere
课文讲解
1The Hubble telescope was launched into space by NASA on April 201990 at a cost of over a billion dollars
at a cost of … 造价……耗资……价格费
He has just built a new house for his family at a cost of 10000
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(美国)国家航空宇宙航行局（单词縮写般组织者机构）
2Right from the start there was trouble with the Hubble
right from the start 开始（right 起强调作）
He didn’t want to work at the firm (right) from the start
trouble with… 关……麻烦
What's the trouble with you 什麻烦 (医生常样问)
There is (engine) trouble with my car
3The pictures it sent us were very disappointing because its main mirror was faulty
fault n 错误 faulty adj 错误
Sorry it's my fault
4NASA is now going to put the telescope right so it will soon be sending up four astronauts to repair it
put sth right 修（障等）校正纠正
Remember to put the lights right tomorrow
send up 送
5A robotarm from the Endeavour will grab the telescope and hold it while the astronauts make the necessary repairs
hold it 抓住
6The Hubble will tell us a great deal about the age and size of the universe
a great deal 量
a great deal of… 量……
7By the time you read this the Hubble's eagle eye will have sent us thousands and thousands of wonderful pictures
by the time 时
engle eye 鹰眼锐利目光
His father’s eagle eye is always on him
thousands and thousands of 成千万
There are hundreds of thousandsthousands and thousands of cars in this city
Letter Writing
常见书信开头：
I have not heard from you for some time so…
It was very kind of you to…
Key structures
完成时进行时完成进行时
完成时构成：will have done表示某时刻已完成动作必须某时间状语连强调某点时间动作结束
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year
进行时构成：will be doing表示某时候正进行动作表示计划事陈述事实
They will be arriving here tomorrow
完成进行时构成：will have been doing表示某种状况直持续说话提时间某点发生 直延续某点 延续强调某点时间动作结束延续
By this time next week I will have been working for this firm for twenty years
By Friday midday they will have been working on it for seven days
（work on sth 关……工作）
时间状语句中现完成时代完成时：
By the time I’ve completed this one I’ll have been writing for six years
写完书时已写6年书
When I’ve built this one I’ll have built five altogether
Special Difficulties
Cost Price Value
cost
① n 价格价钱费（侧重指某项服务工程等）成（复数）
at the cost of ……费造价……
They built the bridge at a cost of over 600000
I don’t know the costs of these cars 知道车成少
② vt 价钱……（）花费（动语态）
The new car cost him 5000
How much did it cost to launch the Hubble telescope into space
What does this blouse cost please 请问 件衬衣少钱
price
① n 价格价钱（侧重指某具体东西商品价钱）物价（复数）
How much is that blouse Let's ask the price
What’s the price of the dress please
Prices are going up again 物价涨
② v 问……价钱查明查询……价格……定价标价
They priced cars for two days before they bought one
The dress is priced at 50 but you can have it at 40
I want to price the bed linen in a few other shops before I buy any
想买床单前听家商店价格
value
① n 表示抽象价值重性价值观（复数）
The stolen items were of sentimental rather than financial value
盗物品更具情感涵义 济价值
This book is of great value to me
His values are different from those of mine
② vt 尊重重视
value sth 认……价值
value sth owned by oneself 敝帚珍
Value your time 珍惜时间
If you don’t value my advice I’ll speak no more
Exercise练
1 There has been a sharp rise in the(price)(cost)(value) of living
2 Whenever I buy anything new my father always asks me the(value)(cost)(price)
3 If you have to work for something you will(value)(price)(cost) it more
4 That house(valued)(cost)(priced) a fortune to build
5 Dr James's work is of enormous(value)(cost)(price) to the community
6 Jane has(valued)(cost)(priced) the alternative products and she recommends this one
7 So far ten countries have given money towards the(value)(price)(cost) of rebuilding after the earthquake
1 sharp rise 幅升
the cost of living 生活费
2 price 价格
3 value 表示认价值
4 fortune 笔财产
cost 花费
5 community 社区社会
value 价值
of great (enormous)value巨价值（enormous adj 巨）
6 alternative 外
recommend 推荐
price sth 较价格
7 towards to
the cost of rebuilding 重建费
★Lesson 62 Affer the fire
★control n 控制
in control 控制
under control 控制控制
out of control 失控
control
I can control it I can manage it 付(口语)
under arrest
★smoke n 烟（雾）
full of smoke 充满烟雾
smokey adj 烟（名词加y 变形容词）
smokey area 吸烟区 nonsmokey area 禁烟区
rain – rainy cloud cloudy
smoker n 抽烟
heavy smoker 烟瘾重 nonsmoker 抽烟
smoke v 吸烟
Don't smoke No smoking
He smoked heavily
smoking area smoking room 吸烟室
smoking apartment 火车吸烟车厢
cigarette cigar n 香烟
★desolate adj 荒凉
desolate adj 荒凉（方相连表示居住 荒烟）极度孤独(相连时)
lonely adj 孤独荒凉偏僻（方连表示孤零零表示居住）
★threaten v 威胁
threaten to do sth 威胁着做……（相连）迹象表明……
It threatened to rain 迹象表明天雨
threaten sb with sth ……威胁恐吓某
The thief threatened him with a knife
The whole village is threatened with destruction
★surrounding adj 周围
surroundings n 环境(周边事物)
atmosphere n 气层 氛围(周边文环境)
★destruction n 破坏 毁灭
destroy v 破坏
destructive adj 毁灭性
construct v 建设(……创造更条件)
construction n 建设 建筑
construction bank 建设银行
constructive adj 建设性(意见)
build v 建设(具体建某物)
★flood n 洪水 水灾
flood floods 区
★authority n 局(常复数 authorities)
authority n 权威（单数）
★spray v 喷撒
spray sth overon ……喷洒
spray water overon flower
spray grassseed overon the ground
★quantity n （数）量
quantities of 量……
quality n 质量
sth with good quality 具质量东西
★root n 根
What is the root cause 根原什？
root of… ……根
take root 生根
come out 长出
shoot come out 发芽（shoot n 芽）
flower come out 开花
get out 出
★patch n 片颜色周围部分
patch n (面)片 补丁(意)
What is that yellow patch on the wall 墙块黄斑什？
a patch of 片 patches of 许片
There are patches of cloud in the sky
a piece of a bit of a sheet of 片块……
★blacken v 变黑发暗
The smoke has blacken the walls 烟墙熏黑
en缀表示动词译……变……
weak adj 虚弱 ——> weaken v ……变弱削弱
复合词（两词组合成词）fireman
派生词（加前缀缀词）tion —— 名词缀 less —— 形容词缀
课文讲解
1Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control
fight sth ……作搏斗
get it under control 表示控制get……处某种状态含义get+宾语+介词短语作宾补
The Government can no longer keep prices under control 政府已控制住物价
Get the room in order
2A short time before great trees had covered the countryside for miles around
a short time beforea short time ago段时间相连
a short time before 久前某点时间算起段时间前
a short time ago 某段时间现算起段时间前
for miles around 方圆英里（around表示周围四周）
This is the only modern building for miles around
3Now smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills
rise up (from) 升
smoke rise up (烟雾)弥漫
4Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well
winter was coming on 冬季 (季节通表达式)come on进行时形式表示时里表示季节：
When spring comes on there will be flowers everywhere
I was still in the forest when night came on
wash away 掉走洗掉
A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood
I can’t wash the spot away
5When the fire had at last been put out the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grassseed which would grow quickly
put out 扑灭
order 定购
type 强调类东西明显特征种类 kind区
6The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes
quantity单数时仅表示数量表示表示少：
They drank a large great small quantity of beer last night
quantity复数时表示量：
He bought books in (large) quantities
7By then however in many places the grass had already taken root
take root 表示生根短语表示某处思想想法等扎根：
This type of grass takes root easily
The idea has taken root in his mind
8In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had
begun to appear in the blackened soil
in place of 代取代 (指代位置空间原放东西现)
In place of a cup I put a vase there 前放茶杯现放花瓶
Jane answered the phone in place of Mary
instead of 代+没做事
Instead of staying home I went to school （句in place of指点空间时in place ofinstead of）
Summary writing
2 Had all the great trees been burnt or not Was there danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods or not Would the floods destroy the surrounding villages or not(Now that… which)
3 Did the forest authorities order grassseed to prevent this or not For how long was it sprayed over the ground by planes(To prevent this…which…)
4 Did it begin to rain or not Where had the grass taken root (By the time that…)
2 Now that all the great trees had been burnt there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages
now that 然 which 定语句
3 To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grassseed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month
to prevent… 预防……
4 By the time it began to rain the grass had taken root in the soil
by the time(that) ……时候止 (that省略)应理解before
Key structures
完成时完成进行时
完成进行时构成：had been +现分词
完成进行时强调某动作更早某段时间直进行某时刻产生结果完成进行时表示常重复动作表示根直接间接证出结常连表示时间词beforeforsinceall day等
She was very tired She had been typing letters all day
Jill was angry Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week
Her eyes were red It was obvious she had been crying
包含间接引语句子中果引述词时态现完成进行时改完成进行时 完成时完成进行时时互换需表示某工作已完成时完成时
When I arrived they’d alredy put the fire out
Special Difficulties
Control and Check
control
① vt 控制指挥支配理
Don’t try to control other people
② n 控制（力）支配（力）
It’s hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control
check vt 检查核查
They’re going to check our passports
Great and Big
great adj (强调重性)伟重重
Frank has just made a great decision
big adj (强调面积体积规模)
Sam is a big man
Soil and Ground
soil n 泥土(植物生长)土土土壤
Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil
ground n 表面(土壤关)场土
He threw the cup to the ground
★Lesson 63 She was not amused
★admire v 赞美钦佩
① vt 钦佩赞赏
I admire his music more than anyone else’s
admire sb for sth ……羡慕某
I admire him for his richnesshouseclever daughterkonwledge
② vt 欣赏观赏
While admiring the new building I heard someone calling my name
③ vt (口语)夸奖称赞
She likes to hear her children admired
★close adj 亲密
close friend 亲密朋友
★reception n 招会
reception ＝ party
wedding reception 婚宴
news conference 新闻发布会 记者招会
★sort n 种类类型（常of连）
type 种类（特殊特征）
sortkind时互换面两种情况sort：
① that sort of person 种
② sort含讽刺意味
That's the sort of thing you like best
You mustn’t mix with that sort of people 种交
课文讲解
1Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties
have a large circle of friends 朋友圈子 交际广
＝sb hashave a lot of friends
He has a large circle of friends 朋友
circle含义（具利益兴趣等形成）圈子……界
Such things are never talked about in business circles
Jeremy used to have a large circle of friends but now he likes being alone
popular adj 受欢迎心
Mary is always popular withamong children
2Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour everybody that is except his sixyearold daughter Jenny
admire… for 钦佩…………
that is插入语旦插句子中 作固定结构 意思说起解释作
He is coming home next Monday that is April 5th
sense of humour 幽默感
George has no sense of humour
He is a man without humour
3This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves
the sort of the kind of面加单数
4He prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with Jenny
prepare sth 准备做……面容关系
I am preparing a speech （speech n 发言）
prepare for sth ……作准备面定容关系
5He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and of course it was a great success
included 包含（里面容部分挑出说）
contain强调容器里包含 面定东西列举出
It was a great success 表示事做错响成功
6Jeremy was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked
a little 稍微 点
be disappointed by… ……感失
as +句 ……样……方式（方式状语句）
do as you are told 告知做
This fish isn’t cooked as I like it
7Jeremy asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him
why this was so（this 作语 作宾语so 作宾语 放动词面）
I think so I hope so I guess so I expect so
I refuse to do so 拒绝样做
see sb doing sth 见某正作某事
so many people 数字相连前面定so
★laugh
① vi ()笑
You’re very kind to laugh when I tell a funny story
Everybody laughed out loud when he said that
② vi 嘲笑（介词at）
If you go round daying things like that everyone will laugh at you
果处说种话会嘲笑
果laugh at物表示……发笑：
You’re very kind to laugh at my funny stories
Summary writing
1 Is Jeremy Hampden greatly admired for his great sense of humour or not What was he invited to do Did he immediately agree to do so or not (When Jeremy who is)
When Jeremy Hampden who is greatly admired for his great sense of humour was invited to make a speech at a wedding reception he immediately agreed to do so
句子产生歧义前提定语句放修饰整句子面 两句
The brother who was standing near the house wanted to go swimming
The brother wanted to go swimming who was standing near the house
面容易产生歧义
The brother who was standing near the house wanted to talk with the girl
The brother wanted to talk with the girl who was standing near the house (歧义)
Letter Writing
书信常见开头：
You must be very annoyed with me for…
I have just heard that…
★Lesson 64 The Channel Tunnel
★tunnel n 隧道
channel n 海峡 （The Channel 英吉利海峡）
★ventilate v 通风
ventilation n 通风
Forced Ventilation 强制排风系统
（forced adj 迫强迫动武力）
air v 通风
Air the room please 房间通通风
★double adj 双
字母W 读音double u意两u 构成 w
couplepair 两
a couple of weeks
a pair of shoessocksglasses 副眼镜
★fear v 害怕
① vt 害怕畏惧
sb fear doing sth 害怕做……
She fears speaking in public
sb fear sth 害怕……
I feared darkness
be afraid of 害怕……
I am afraid of dogs
be afraid of fear 做语
② vt 恐怕猜想（be afraid正式）
fear that… 恐怕……
We fear It is feared We’re afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash
be afraid that… I am sorry 恐怕……（婉言谢绝）
Can you help me
I am afraid I can't I am afraid not
fright frighten frightening frightened frightful
sth frighten sb sth scare sb ……吓……跳
You frightenedscared me
The doy frightened me
frighten scare某件突然事情某产生害怕情绪句子边部分
horrify v 恐怖 极度厌恶 惊骇
horrified adj 惊悸 带恐怖感 惊骇
★invasion n 入侵 侵略
invade vt 侵略 侵袭 拥挤
★officially adv 正式
official adj （官方）正式
formally adv （般）正式
★connect v 连接
connect sth withto… …………连接
connect A with B (AB等)
connect A to B (A连B)
This road connects the village withto London
★European adj 欧洲
★continent n 陆
European Continent 欧洲陆（包括欧洲岛国）
课文讲解
1In 1858 a French engineer Aime Thome de Gamond arrived in England with a plan for a twentyonemile tunnel under the English Channel
plan for +名词动名词 ……计划
twentyonemile 加连字符单数作定语
2This platform would serve as a port and a railway station
serve as… serve for… 起……作作……充……
It will serve as a swimming pool
This sofa can serve asfor (a) bed
3In 1860 a better plan was put forward by an Englishman William Low
put forward (plansuggestion) 提出（计划建议等）
You know they wouldn’t accept your plan Why did you put it forward
4He suggested that a double railwaytunnel should be built
suggest
① vt 暗示法词相
② vt 建议虚拟语气接动词ing 形式接 that 句采种固定法should+动词原形（should 省略）
I suggested (that) he (should) go home (that should 省略)
He suggested that I should go with him 建议定
insist作坚持讲时法suggest
He insisted that I should stay to lunch 坚持留吃晚饭
5This would solve the problem of ventilation for if a train entered this tunnel it would draw in fresh air behind it
draw in 吸进bring没 draw in 形象贴切
6If at the time the British had not feared invasion it would have been completed
虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中现事实相反句般时事实相反句完成时时句格式would have donewouldcouldshould
情态动词加have done 表示推测must have donecan't have done等
7The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel
wait for sb
wait (for) some times
I have waited five minutes (for )
I have waited for you (for) five minutes
I have waited five years for you
Summary writing
1 Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858 How would it be ventilated (The tunnel which…)
4 Did work begin forty－two years later or not Why was it stopped (Though…because)
5 When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened (However)
1 先行词 which 非限定性定语句
The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level
4 Though it was begun (work begin fortytwo years later) it was stopped because…
5 However 起副词作面直接加句子
Composition
1 The English Channel separates Britain from Europe The country has not been invaded since1066 (Thanks to…which)
2 Modern warfare is far more complex Such fears no longer exist(However now that…)
3 Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel
(Both…and)
1 thanks to 幸亏(to介词)
Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe the…
2 now that 然
Howwever now that moden warfare is far more complex such fears no longer exist
现代战争越越复杂然样害怕已存
3 Both Britain and Europe benefit (注意benefit加s)
benefit n 利益处vt 益助vi 受益
Key structures
第3类条件句
第 3类条件句 if句里设想纯粹想事情句里讲述想结果谈没永远结果指没事情第 3类条件句基结构if句完成时句would
have should have +分词：
If it had rained we would have stayed at home
If I had worked harded at school I’d have got a better job
if句中could have +分词代had been able to +动词原形：
I’d have read that book if I could have bought it
特殊结构 suggestinsist 接that句(should+动词原形)
Special difficulties
动词 draw短语
draw vt 拉拖
draw in ……进入吸入
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in 花香味走进家商店
draw back 退缩收回撤回
You must finish the work by yourselves now They have drawn back their people
完成项工作已员撤走
draw up 停住……停住起草制订拟订
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries
draw off 撤走离开
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood
When the others were talking loudly he quickly drew off
★Lesson 65 Jumbo versus the police
★versus prep (抗概念)
vs …………（vsversus缩写读音变）
Have you watched the game last night It was France versus Italy
★Christmas n 圣诞节
Christmas Eve 圣诞前夜
Father Christmas 圣诞老
Santa Claus 圣诞老(美国常)（Santa [美]Santa Claus）
★present n 礼物
present gift 礼物
★accompany v 陪伴 行
I'll accompany you to your hotel
I'll accompany you home 陪回家
★approach v 走
① v 走（ come nearer and nearer ）
The old man approaches 80 years old
approach sb 离某越越
He is approaching me
② n 途径 方法
We have found an approach to success
★ought modal verb 应该
ought to do sth 应该(义务)
You ought to knock at the door
should do sth 应该(认)
You should knock at the door
★weigh v 重
sbsth weigh +体重 ……体重重量……
weight n 重量
lose weight 减肥
★fortunate adj 幸运
fortunate lucky 运气幸运
课文讲解
1Last Christmas the circus owner Jimmy Gates decided to take some presents to a children's hospital
take…to ……送
2Dressed up as Father Christmas and accompanied by a 'guard of honour' of six pretty girls he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called Jumbo
dress up as… 装扮成……（样子）
dress up 扮
a guard of honour 仪仗队
of six pretty girls中of表示……组成
A group of six Chinese boys took part in the competition
set off 出发
3He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing
should have done 原应该发生没发生
You should have come earlier
needn't have done 必做做
ought to have done 表示原应该做没做
情态动词+have done关
4A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic
as＝because
hold up the traffic 阻碍交通
If you park the car in the street it’ll hold up the traffic
5Though Jimmy agreed to go at once Jumbo refused to move
agree to do sth 意做某事(to 定式 )
agree with sb 意某（建议等）
I agree with you
agree to sth
I agree to your advice
I agree to go with you
6Fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street
get off ……移 （off＝away from 离开什方）
Please get the box off the boat
7'Jumbo must weigh a few tons' said a policeman afterwards 'so it was fortunate that we didn't have to carry him Of course we should arrest him but as he has a good record we shall let him off this time'
afterwards ＝later
It was fortunate that… 幸运……
let sb off 饶恕某放…………轻处理
record n 纪录（警察局）记录历史成绩
set up a new world record
sb have a good record 表现贯
Her record as a secretary in the firm isn’t very good
resume n 摘 概略 <美> 履历
vt 继续 重新开始 重新占 恢复
Summary writing
1 What did he decide to take to a children's hospital How did the circus owner Jimmy Gates dress up Did he set off down the main street of the city or did he go down a side street Was he riding an elephant called Jumbo or not (After having and riding)
2 Was he told that he was holding up the traffic or not Did Jimmy agree to go at once or not Did Jumbo agree to go or did he refuse to move How many policemen had to push him off the main street (On being…but…so…)
1 After having decided to take presents to hospital and dressed up as Father Christmas he set off down the street riding a baby elephant called Jumbo
After面直接加 doing加having done
After knocking at the door After having knocked at the door
decided dressed after having 动词ing 强调时间时
2 On being told that he was holding up the traffic he agreed to go at once but Jumbo refused to moveso fifteen policemen had to push him off the main street
on 加动词前面相as soon as
be done相连
Letter Writing
书信常见语：
I really hate to complain but …
Some time ago I …
Key structures
Must Have to Should and Ought to
must通常现时时时态have to代have tomust更强调客观求外原shouldought to译应该表示义务责某正确行ought toshould语气略强肯定句疑问句否定结构shouldshouldought to +have +分词表示应该做（完成）没做事
He ought to have returned by now
He had to change his plans but he should be returning soon
Special difficulties
带 let短语
let vt 允许
let sb in 允许进
The woman who let me in had a baby in her arms
let sb out 放走释放放出
Every evening they let the dog out
let off 放饶宽恕……轻处理
I think we shall let him off this time 想次饶
The thief never dreamt that the police would let him off
let down ……失（紧关头）抛弃
They need your help Don’t let them down
He failed in the exam again and his parents left let down
agree and accept
agree vi 意（计划建议等）常towith连
They invited me to their wedding and I’ve agreed to go
accept vt 接受收受
She offered me some of her children’s clothes and I accepted them
I don’t accept your opinion agree with your opinion
dress and dress up
dress vt&vt 穿衣扮
Tom has nearly learned how to dressdress himself now
dress up 穿盛装精心扮装扮（成……）
He dressed up as Father Christmas
★Lesson 66 Sweet as honey
★bomber n 轰炸机 炸弹手 轰炸员 投弹手
bomb n 炸弹
★remote adj 偏僻偏远
remote village 遥远村庄
lonely adj 偏僻(孤零零)
lonely island 孤岛
★Pacific n 太洋
Atlantic西洋 Indian ocean印度洋 Arctic ocean 北冰洋
★wreck n 残骸
wreck强调坏没东西 (坏整体完整)wrekage强调坏成碎片东西
★rediscover v 重新发现
re表示 意思review复reread读rewrite改写retell复述等
★survey n 调查(定数关系)
aerial survey 航空调查(数关系)
investigation n 调查研究
★package v ……包
① v ……成包
pack n 包v ……成包
Pack it for me
Wrap it up for me
② n 包
package deal 揽子交易揽子交易中条款
parcel n 包裹(邮局邮寄)
★imagine v 想
① vt 想
Imagine it 想象吧 (口语)
② vt 料想猜想
imagine doing sth 想象……
imagine that + 句 想象……
I imagine you’re like to rest after your long journey
★colony n 群 殖民
colony n 殖民侨民(聚居)群业批行(生物)群体
a colony of ants 群蚂蚁 a colony of bees 群蜜蜂
a colony of artists 群艺术家
a flock of goats 羊群
a herd of cows 群奶牛
a crowd of 群()
★preserve v 保护保存(特殊手段保存)
preserved bean curd 豆腐乳 （bean curd 豆腐）
preserved fruit 果脯 preserved meat 腊肉 preserved fish 腊鱼
smoked fish 熏鱼
keep v 保存保持
Can I keep your photo 保存片
How long can I keep it
Can I keep it for you
Store v 储存保存(便日)
store the cabbage
课文讲解
1In 1963 a Lancaster bomber crashed on Wallis Island a remote place in the South Pacific a long way west of Samoa
crash vi 掉
crash in the mountain 掉山里
a long way to go 长路走
英文中方位感相连介词三 in on to
in 隶属关系
Haerbin’s in the north of China
on指方接触面
Korea is on the north of China
to相离概念
Japan is to the east of China
west of＝to the west of （west of前面没词修饰时候认处相离概念）
2The plane wasn't too badly damaged but over the years the crash was forgotten and the wreck remained undisturbed
over ……期间中（相duringover数字译超）
over the years 年
over the new year 新年期间 over the Christmas 圣诞期间
over Spring Festival 春节期间
He worked very hard over the last two years
remain+adj remain作系动词be理解
The room remained warm 房间暖
（注意 the room was warm 区 remain 保持意思）
3By this time a Lancaster bomber in reasonable condition was rare and worth rescuing
by this time 时
in condition 处……状态
in reasonable condition＝in good condition
in perfect condition 处完美状态
in poor confition 状态
Keep the house in good condition
reasonable里表示尚表示价钱时指公道合理贵等
The house is in reasonable condition
The price of the dress is reasonable
be worth doing sth 值……具……价值（表达动含义 动ing表达动含义）
The cake is worth eating
The books are worth reading
4The French authorities had the plane packaged and moved in parts back to France
have sth done 做某事
in parts little by littlebit by bit 部分部分
5Imagine their surprise and delight when they broke open the packing cases and found that the fourth engine was sweet as honey still in perfect condition
imagine面直接加宾语
Imagine my excitement when I found my mother outside
Imagine their excitement and delight when the People’s Republic of China was founded
break sth open 开……
cut it open 剪开(信封)
tear it open 撕开(信封)
固定短语中as…as中第as省略
I am busy as a bee （as busy as a bee中第as省略）
sweet as honey 甜象蜜 (文中双关语 注意体会)
sticky as glue 胶水样粘
strong as horse 马样强壮
turn…into… ……变成
When it is cold enough water is turnd into ice
Key structures
役式
役式：have +名词宾语代词 +动词分词役式表示某物（某）……
I have my wallet loststolen 丢钱包
While I’m away I’ll have you looked after 时候会顾
have sth done意思遭遇幸
I have my leg broken 摔断腿
Special difficulties
集合名词
集合名词表示干体组成集合体 family（家庭家）team（队）crew（船飞机等全体工作员）audience（观众）government（政府）staff 全体职员教员）class（班班级）等果强调作整体集体面动词单数果强调组成集体面动词复数
The national team is travelling to London tomorrow 国家代表队明天伦敦
The team are all highly talented young people 全队员天赋极高年轻
The audience is made up of school children 观众学校学生组成
The audience were spellbound by the magic of the performance
观众表演魅力迷住
My family are watching TV
My family is happy
★Lesson 67 Volcanoes
★active adj 活动
active adj 积极
passive adj 消极 动
★violently adv 猛烈 剧烈
violent adj 猛烈 激烈 暴力引起 强暴
violence n 猛烈 强烈 暴力 暴虐 暴行 强暴
★manage v 设法
manage to do sth try to do sth and succeed
I can manage it I can manage it myself I can do it
★escape v 逃脱
① v 逃脱
escape sth
escape death 死里逃生
escape doing sth
He escape punishmentbeing punished
② n 逃脱
narrow escape 九死生
★alive adj 活着
alive 做定语时定放修饰词面 属表语形容词置定语
light ahead 前面灯光
Every man alive has hisher own troubles
living sth 活着……
living elephant 活着象
live
① adj 现场活着（永远连）
live concert 现场演唱会
live fish 活鱼（连）
② v 活着
课文讲解
1Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world
spend some time (in) doing sth 花少时间干……
lifetime n 毕生精力
spend most of his lifetime 花毕生部分精力
spend his lifetime 花毕生精力
in all parts of the world 世界
2Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently
close to 离…………
He parked the car close to the river
Don’t sit so close to the fire
for long＝for a long time
3He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him
He notice a river of liquid rock coming towards him
notice that + 宾语句
notice sth
notice sb dodoing sth 注意某做某事正做某事
a river of… ……形成河流
a river of soil and stone 泥石流
Rivers of blood flowed during World war II （rivers of blood 血流成河）
When she heard the news a river of tears came down her face
4It threatened to surround him completely but Tazieff managed to escape just in time
threaten to 威胁着……迹象表明……
He threatened to leave the team 扬言离开队
in time 时just表示正差点
I caught the train just in time
Shall we still be in time forto see the performance
5This time he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures
manage to do sth 设法做某事努力完成某事（然费劲然做完成某事）
try to do sth 设法做某事努力做某事（定成功）
the mouth of Kituro 火山口
so that 便(目状语句)定含情态动词
6Tazieff has often risked his life in this way
risk one’s life 着生命危险
take a risk of… at a risk of… 着……危险
risk sth＝risk losing sth 着失……危险
risk doing sth 着做……危险
7He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive
两相较中 果前者属者 定较时other else 排前者
than any other man alive
Key structures
Can Be able to and Manage to
表示力时cancould时中表示力时通常 will be able to表示成功完成某动作时was able tocould
He thought he could pass the exam easily but he failed
I can’t remember where I’ve seen him
Jane can’t swim yet She’ll be able to swim in a few months’ time
manage to表示成功完成某动作时常代 be able to更强调然困难然……否定句中manage tobe able to常互换
He was able to finish the job yesterday （表示）
He managed to finish the job yesterday （暗示克服少困难完成）
What do you think of the film
I’m afraid I haven’t managed tobeen able to see it yet
Special Difficulties
带 saytell短语
1say
表示说讲时say面间接宾语（）果定指明to +名词代词表示道诵读（祈祷）背诵等含义时 saytellsay表达（思想意见等） 说 含义tell没
John is said to be very interested in art
Do you have anything to say about the accident
关次事什想说想法？
He knelt down and said his prayers 跪作祷告
He said goodbye and left 告辞离开
say a good word for ……说话辩护推荐
Don’t expect that he’ll say a good word for you
2tell 表示说讲时tell 面双宾语tell 常表示讲（实话谎话秘密等）tell表示辨分辨say英国英语中tell the time（美语tell time）表示根钟表等说出时间识钟
Can you tell me anything about it 告诉关事情
He is only five but he can already tell the time
tell (sb) a lie 说谎（谎言数名词）
He often tells lies 常说谎
tell (sb) the truth 讲真话(真话特指 加the)
I want you to tell me the truth 讲真话
tell (sb) the difference between 区分 区
Can't you tell the difference between an Austin and a Morris
区分奥斯丁舞莫利斯舞
saytell面so时含义样：
I told you so 告诉样（情况证实）
Who says so 谁说？
I say so 说
★Lesson 68 Persistent
★persistent adj 坚持 固执
stubborn adj 顽固 固执 坚定 坚决 难应付 难处理
You are stubborn 死脑筋
persist v 坚持(顾阻拦味坚持)
persist in doing sth
He persist in making noise
★avoid v 避开
avoid doing sth 避免做……
★insist v 坚持认坚持说（种态度）
vt &vi ①坚持坚决认
insist on doing sth 坚持做……
My brother insist on going with me
He insists on the importance of the meeting
persevere v 坚持坚持懈努力(褒义词)
persevere in sthdoing sth
We should persevere in studying English
perseverance n 坚持懈
vt &vi ②坚决张求定
I insist on speaking to the manager
My wife insists that I (should) have my hair cut
课文讲解
1I crossed the street to avoid meeting him but he saw me and came running towards me
cross v 穿
I cross the garden
across adv&prep 穿
I go across the garden
avoid doing sth 避免……
come running towards sb 某跑
2It was no use pretending that I had not seen him so I waved to him
It is (of) no use doing… 做……没处做……徒步益
It is no use pretending … 假装……没
It is no use crying over the spilled milk 覆水难收
It is no use punishing him
wave to sb 某招手
3I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做……
appreciate sthdoing sth 喜欢做……
4He never has anything to do
定式做定语 修饰anything定式放定代词面
anything to do sth 做事
anything to eat sth 吃东西 anything to drink 喝东西
5No matter how busy you are he always insists on coming with you
no matter常howwhenwherewhatwho等引导句连译……
No matter how old you are…
No matter where you are…
No matter who you are…
No matter how tired you are your children insisted on listening to stories
insist on doing sth 坚持做……
6I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning
think of a way of doing sth 想做某事方法
think of a way of solving
prevent sb (from) doing sth 阻止某做某事 某做某事
stop sb from doing sth 某做某事
keep sb from doing sth 某做某事(保持做某事)
forbid sb to do sth 禁止某做某事
7Fancy meeting you here
Imagine meeting you here 真想会见 （fancy＝imagine）
fance+名词表示惊讶
★fance
① vt 设想想
Fancy Ian not knowing the answer to such an easy question
vt ② 想喜欢（指爱）
It’s a fine day and I fancy driving down to the coast
8You're not busy doing anything are you
be busy doing sth 忙着做……
反意疑问句回答 根事实回答
9Would you mind my coming with you
WouldDo you mind +动名词if引导句表示客气请求征求意见表示意介意时No not at allCertainly not回答意时委婉说法I’m sorry but…等回答yes I so
Would you mind if I open the windows
Certainly not Sorry but it’s cold here
mind (sb’s) +doing sth 介意某做某事
ing逻辑语四种形式分两类
① 作代词 称代词宾格 形容词性物代词
② 作名词 保持身变 变成名词格
作语时必须格(名词格 形容词性物代词) 作宾语时格 普通格(称代词宾格)
Would you mind my parents' having dinner with me
Would you mind me opening the door
Would you mind myme smoking
Would you mind me making myself at home 介意成家
Composition
1 There was a dentist nearby She knew him well Elizabeth decided to go there She would explain what had happened(As…whom…in order to)
3 Elizabeth left The dentist went into the waiting roomDo you want to have your teeth examined’he askeb Nigel (After…and asked Nigel if…)
1 as() whom(引导定语句)…in order to (目状语)
There was a dentist nearby whom she knew well Elizabeth decided to go there in order to explain what had happened
3 Afrer Elizabeth left the dentist went into the waiting room and asked Nigel if he wanted to have his teeth examined
Key structure
动名词法
动词动名词作宾语定式动词包括 avoidadmitdenyfancyfinishenjoymind（意）suggeststand（容忍）等
结构通常接动名词 busyworthit is nolittle usebored withinterested ininsist onprevent…from等：
I was looking forward to reading those books
Well you can’t read them so it’s no use thinking about them
动名词逻辑语（动作执行者句子语）：
Please excuse his not writing to you
Do you mind my smoking
comego户外活动相关动名词（climbingdrivingfishingridingshoppingwalking等）表示建议邀请叙事
There’s no point in my coming climbing with you
爬山毫意义 （there’s no point in it is no use）
感知动词（hearseefellwatch等）面宾语加分词结构宾语加带to定式现分词强调动作正发生叙述中时身境定式表示动作发生程结束时间区互相换
★Lesson 69 But not murder
★acquire v 取获学（知识技术语言等）养成（惯等）
Mary acquired a good knowledge of Chinese in five years’ time
acquire a habit of doing sth 养成……惯
Tom acquired a habit of smoking
acquire confidence 获信心
课文讲解
1I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time
a driving licence 驾驶执
2I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully
heavy adj 量密集
Traffic is heavier on this road than on the other one
3The examiner must have been pleased with my performance for he smiled and said 'Just one more thing Mr Eames Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you As soon as I tap on the window you must stop within five feet'
must have been表示事情猜测
performance n 表现表演工作情况
be pleased with ……满意
They are pleased with his work
The manager isn’t very pleased with his secretary
let us suppose that… 假设……
Let us suppose that there is a forest fire
4The examiner looked at me sadly 'Mr Eames' he said in a mournful voice 'you have just killed that child'
in a … voice ……声调
in a mournful voice 悲伤声调
He told them the news in a sadexcited voice
Key structures
动语态
动语态介词+动名词结构中英语中正式法般口语介词（afterbeforeon）+动名词结构通常相时间状语句果两动作中开始前已完成after +动名词完成式表示第动作果表示先序afterbefore +动名词结构on +动名词通常表示两动作时发生：
The man called the police after being robbed
He killed a child before being arrested
OnAfter being told that her mother was seriously ill she hurried back to England
动语态want 面定式中时to be省略want 动语态时表示希完成说动作：
I want the luggage fetched from the hotel this afternoon
动语态进行时强调动作持续性：
I was being asked about the film all day yesterday
Special Difficulties
Practice and Advice
practice n（反复）练实践实行
Your spoken English will improve with practice
Have they put their plan into practice 计划付诸实施？
practise vt& vi 练常做
Jimmy used to practice (playing) football every afternoon
She practises on the piano for three hours every day
advice n 忠告劝告建议（数名词）
She gave me some good advice a piece of advice about jobs
advise vt& vi 劝告……提供提议
She advised me against going to the party 建议劝参加聚会
Enjoy Entertain and Amuse
enjoy vt 欣赏喜爱享受……乐（名词动名词反身代词动语态）
I enjoy swimming in summer
We’re really enjoying ourselves
entertain vt 款招请客……快乐……娱乐（amuse）
We often entertain friends at weekends
Uncle Sam entertainsamuses the children for hours at a time
萨姆叔叔连时逗孩子乐
My children can entertainamuse themselves for hours with telling stories to each other
amuse vt 逗乐逗笑（常动语态）
She was amused by her father’s funny stories
His story amused the children very much
★Lesson 70 Red for danger
★sensitive adj 敏感神敏易生气介意（常to+名词连）
Mary is sensitive to smells
You’re too sensitive 太敏感（太容易生气）
Mary has a sensitive ear
★charge v
① vt &vi 价收费
They charged us too much for repairs
How much do you charge for this dress
② vt 指控指责
The police charged him with murder
He charged Gary with speeding
③ vt &vt 猛攻锋前
The bull charged at the drunk
★bow v 鞠躬
① vt &vt 鞠躬欠身低（头等）
The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed
As she couldn’t answer the question she bowed her head
② vi 步屈服服
Why did you bow to their decision
He finally bowed before money and married the other girl
③ vt 压弯压倒
My mother is bowed with age 母亲年老腰弯背驼
The little tree is bowed with snow
课文讲解
1The crowd began to shout but the drunk was unaware of the danger
be unaware of… 知道没觉察……
While she read the book she was unaware of the noise around her
I was unaware that you were coming 知道
2The bull was busy with the matador at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap
catch sight of… 突然……
As I came out of the shop I caught sight of Dan in the crowd
3The drunk however seemed quite sure of himself
befeel sure of oneself 信心
She’s always so sure of herself
4Apparently sensitive to criticism the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk
sensitive to criticism 挑衅批评敏感
charge at … ……攻击
5The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed
break into cheers 突然喝起彩
break into… 突然发出突然……起
On hearing the news she broke into tears
When Sally saw the woman wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse she broke into laughter
6Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador
look on 旁观观
Many people just looked on while the two men robbed a woman
out of the way 碍事挡路
While making meat pies I always order the children to keep out of the way
做肉馅饼时总命令孩子碍事
Letter Writing
常开头语：
I have not forgotten that…
You will find it hard to believe but…
I am afraid I…
Key structures
forwithoftoatfrominon about连形容词
for 连形容词：eager for（渴）enough for（足够）famous for（……闻名）fit for（合适）grateful forto（……感激）qualified forin（胜）ready forto（准备）responsible for（……负责）sorry for（……感遗憾）sufficient for（充足）thankful forto（感谢）valid for（效期……）
We have enough apples for the children
They were eager for the performance to begin
My aunt is famous for her beauty
with连形容词：angry with sbat sth（某某事生气）busy withat（忙……）consistent with（……致）content with（……满足）familiar withto（……熟悉）patient with（耐心）
popular with（……喜爱）
Why was Mary angry with you
She wasn’t content with her life
Uncle Sam is always popular with children
of 连形容词：afraid of（害怕）ahead of（……前面）aware of（知道）capable of（够）careful ofwith（心）certain of（确信）conscious of（意识）envious of（妒忌）fond of（爱）guilty of（……罪）ignorant of（解）independent of（独立）jealous of（妒忌）kind ofto（……蔼）northsoutheastwest of（……北南东西面）short of（缺乏）shy of（顾虑）sure of（肯定）worthy of（值）
She is careful his coming 注意衣着
I was short of money at that time
to连形容词：close to（接）contrary to（……相反）cruel to（……残忍）dear to（……重）equal to（……相等）faithful to（忠……）fatal to（……致命）harmful to（……害）identical to（……相）indifferent to（……关心）inferior to（劣……）liable to（……义务）new to（……没验）obedient to（……服）obvious to（……清楚）polite to（……礼貌）previous to（先）rude to（……粗暴礼）sensitive to（……敏感）similar to（……相似）useful to（……）
Most people are sensitive to criticism
Though the bicycle is old it is very dear to me 然辆行车破旧珍视
All these words are new to me 单词第次遇
It’s obvious to everyone that he’s lying 家清楚撒谎
My car is similar to yours 车车相似
at 连形容词：bad at（善……）clever at（擅长）efficient at（胜）expert atin（熟练做……）good at（善）indignant at（……感愤慨）quick at（快）sad atabout（……悲伤）slow at（……迟钝）skillful atin（熟练）
I am goodbad at swimming
Tom is quickslow at learning new things
from 连形容词：away from（距……远）different from（……）far from（远离）safe from（危险）
The man was far from comfortable while being confined to the wooden box
闷木箱里时点舒服
in连形容词：deficient in（缺少）fortunate from（……幸运）honest from（……诚实）weak from（……薄弱）
You’re fortunate in having a house of your own
Frank is honest in business
I’m weak inat chemics
on连形容词：dependent on（赖……）intent on（专心……）keen on（热心……）
She was keen on tennis
You shouldn’t be so intent on making money
Are you still dependent on your father
about连形容词：curious about（……奇）doubtful aboutof（……疑问）enthusiastic about（……热心）reluctant aboutto（勉强）right aboutin（……正确）uneasy about（……感安）
She is uneasy about her future 前途担心
I’m doubtful aboutof his words
★Lesson 71 A famous clock
课文讲解
1When you visit London one of the first things you will see is Big Ben the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the BBC
the BBC British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司
2If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834 the great clock would never have been erected
the Houses of Parliament 国会厦（英国议会议院（House of Lords）议院（House of Commons）组成）
burn down （）烧成烧毁
The hospital was burned down last month
3Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built
take one’s name from ……命名
Sir英国全名（名字）前时表示爵士（单独姓前）Sir John Gilbert（约翰吉尔伯特爵士） Sir John（约翰爵士）称Sir Gilbert
be responsible for ……需负责承担责
Who is responsible for the accident
John is responsible for the building of the bridge
ing形式前面冠词时直接宾语：making the clocking前冠词时直接宾语必须of：the making of the clock
4It is not only of immense size but is extremely accurate as well
be of… 表示物特征
We are of the same agesize
This letter is of great importance
5Big Ben has rarely gone wrong
go wrong （机器等）发生障出毛病
My watchthe engine of the car has gone wrong
Something has gone wrong with my car
6A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down
slow down （……）慢减速（分开）
He slowed his car down while driving in heavy traffic
Letter Writing
常见开头语：
I wonder how you learnt that…
You will never guess whowhat…
Special Difficulties
Official Employee and Shop assistant
official n 官员公务员高级官员
Bank officials get high salaries
Before he retired Jeremy had been a governmentcity official
employee n 雇员雇工（包括层次）
Later he became a government employee
shop assistant 零售店店员（美语中 salesclerk）
The shop assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed
HangHung and HangHanged
hang（hunghung） vt 悬挂
I’m hanging this picture on the wall
hang（hangedhanged） vt 绞死吊死吊
As he has murdered three men he ought to be hanged
I wonder why she hanged herself
★Lesson 72 A car called bluebird
★burst v 爆裂
① vi 爆炸爆裂
A tyre burst during the second run
The balloon burst
② vt& vi 突然开
We burst the door open
While I was reading the door burst open and John came in
课文讲解
1The great racing driver Sir Malcolm Campbell was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour the secondthe nextthe last表示高级the bestthe most intelligent 等to引导定式短语做定语词语面接名词one(s)接：
She’s always the first to arrive and the last to leave
You’re the best person to advise me about buying a house
买房子顾问
the only必须接名词one(s)：
You’re the only personone to complain
per 表示通常商业技术语日常语aan：
You can stay at the hotel at 10 per person per night
You must have been driving at seventy miles anper hour
2It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500horsepower engine
30 feet in length 30英尺长
3Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run
have difficulty (in) doing sth 做……困难
He has grown a beard and I had difficulty (in) recognizing him
the first run 开始行程
the next run is forty miles 段赛程40英里
4Following in his father's footsteps many years later Sir Malcolm's son Donald also set up a world record
follow in one’s footsteps 步某尘仿效某继承某事业
He intends to follow in his father’s footsteps and to become a dentist
★Lesson 73 The recordholder
★recordholder 纪录保持者
n+ v+ er 构词法
tennis player
★truant n 逃学孩子逃学者
The three boys who are fishing over there are truants and ought to be sent back to school
play truant 逃学（英）
the boy who played truant 逃学孩子
play hooky 逃学（美）
be absent from class unpurpose 逃学 （unpurpose adv 意）
He did it unpurpose
evade school 逃学
★unimaginative adj 缺乏想象力
imagine v 想象设想
imaginative adj 想象力
She is an imaginative painter
Painters should be imaginative
imagination n 想象力
tive 般形容词缀tion 般名词缀
★shame n 惭愧羞耻
What a shame 真耻
Shame on you 感耻
shameful adj 令羞愧
ashamed adj 感羞愧
put sb to shame 某感羞愧
赞美回答：
Thank you You are flattering me （奖）
You put me to shame （意思）
put sb to trouble 某带麻烦
★hitchhike v 搭便车旅行
hitchhike take a lift 搭便车
hitchhiker n 搭便车
★meantime n 间
in the meantime meanwhile 时
★evade v 逃避逃离
① vt（巧妙）逃脱躲开
She evaded a blow from the man and then called out for help
② vt 回避逃避（尤指）
evade doing sth 逃避做……
He always tries to evade paying taxes
Many children dream of evading school
avoid v 逃避逃离避免
avoid 指通种合理正手段避免做某事evade 指通欺骗手段避免做某事
tax avoidance 避税
tax evasion 逃税
课文讲解
1Children who play truant from school are unimaginative
play truant from school play truant 逃学
As a boy Tom used to play truant (from school)
2A quiet day's fishing or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again is usually as far as they get
动词ing前面果出现定语名词采名词格名词短语身
eight hours' seeing the film
非谓语动词做语律作单数
Three hours in the roomIt is tiring
Three hours(') listening to the teacher is tiring
Three hours in the room listening to the teacher is tiring
Events such as the March 5th shooting at a high school in San Diego bring the problem into focus
三月五日圣亚哥高中学校发生枪击事件问题成焦点
over and over again again and again 次次反复许次
As my grandmother can’t hear very well I had to say it over and over again
as far as +句 程度…………程度……言
As far as I know his operations successful
3They have all been put to shame by a boy who while playing truant travelled 1600 miles
while 引导时间状语句般放前面面放中间加逗号while doing 省略句省略语be 动词语定句语
put…to shame ……蒙羞……相形见绌
What he has done put his parents to shame
He saved the child at the risk of his own life and put all those who looked on to shame
着生命危险救孩子旁观者相形见绌
4He hitchhiked to Dover and towards evening went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep
hitchhike to… 搭便车……
Dover n 佛（英国著名港口）
towards evening 快晚
somewhere to sleep 睡觉方
anything to dodrink 做事喝东西（里 to do 做定语）
5When he woke up next morning he discovered that the boat had in the meantime travelled to Calais
wake up 醒
Calais n 加（法国城市）
in the meantime 期间
I feel tired and would like to take a nap In the meantime you may do some reading
6No one noticed the boy as he crept off
creep off creep away
★creep
① vi 爬行匍匐（爬行似）慢慢前进
The old car crept along the country road
A snake crept into the garden while she was writing a letter
② vi 悄悄蹑手蹑脚走渐渐产生出现
We crept upstairs so as not to wake Grandpa
He noticed that age had crept on him
7The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would but to Perpignan on the FrenchSpanish border
take … into 带……
not…but… …………
as sb hoped 正某希
I became a good teacher as my mother hopes
than sb expected 某期……
Don't ask what the country do for you but ask what you do for the country
the FrenchSpanish border 法国西班牙边界 （边界带属方第国籍确定）
8There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities
pick up 逮捕拘捕
After the accident he was picked up by the police
Letter Writing
封信包含三部分：引言目结束语中重部分目部分中必须说明什写信
Summary writing
5 Fares have increased The railway company is still losing money The employees have demanded higher wages (In spite of the fact that because)
7 I made sure The alarm clock worked I set it It would ring at six o'clock (After making…that…so that)
5 In spite of the fact that fares have increased the railway company is still losing money because the employees have demanded higher wages
fare n 费
in spite of
lose money 亏损
7 After making sure that the alarm clock worked I set it so that it would
alarm clock 闹钟
set the clock 定闹钟
be sure of +n be sure to do sth be sure that
Key structures
简单句列句复合句
简单句英语中句子单位般限定动词语谓语连词and两两动词合简单句根动词成分简单句5种基句型：
① 语 +动词
② 语 +动词 +语补足语：
③ 语 +动词 +直接宾语：
④ 语 +动词 +间接宾语+直接宾语
⑤ 语 +动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语
简单句连接起构成列句列句中存单独句属句句根文求逻辑次序排列句等重独立存常常列句中句成列句采列种方式构成列句：
① 分号
We fished all day we didn’t catch a thing
② 分号面连接副词(短语)howeverabove allin additionas far as等
We fished all day however we didn’t catch a thing
③ 列连词 andbutsoyet等前面常加逗号：
We fished all day but (we) didn’t catch a thing
复合句构成方法简单句连接起复合句组成部分非等重(点列句)中总独立句(称句)属句(称句)句独立存复合句构成方法：
① 连词句句连接起：
If you’re not good at figures it is pointless to apply for job in a bank
果擅计算银行求职毫意义
② 动词定式分词结构非限定性动词短语句构成复合句(非简单句)部分 句形式表现出
To get into a university you have to pass a number of examinations
句分：名词性句关系形容词句副词句
Holiday resorts which are very crowded are not very pleasant
拥挤度假场令感愉快
Howerver hard I try I can’t remember people’s names
★Lesson 74 out of the limelight
课文讲解
1Out of the limelight
limelight 原义舞台明石灰光引申意义众注目中心里 limelight 指舞台
She has been in the limelight since she became an actress
Although he is a government official he tries to keep out of the limelight
2An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off
river bed指河床名词river 作形容词类似flower bed（花坛）
party作量词时表示行伙群等 a party of touristsboys（群旅游者男孩）等
3Why don't we come more often
Why +don’tdoesn’t +语 +动词？结构提出建议：
Why don’t you change a watch
4'Now you get out of here all of you' he shouted
get out of here 里走开滚出滚开
get fuck out of here 滚出
5'I'm sheriff here Do you see that notice It says No Camping in case you can't read'
I'm sheriff here （sheriff 种官衔官衔前面加冠词）
He is president 总统（官衔）
Who is monitor 谁班长（官衔）
I am a teacher teacher 官衔加定冠词
in case +句 假万……话免防万（常引导条件目状语句句子表示时间时in case面必须现时态 shouldmight）
in case you can't read 非识字
I’m taking a raincoat with me in case I need it
In case he comesshould come give him this letter
6'don't be too hard on us I'm Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves'
be hard on… ……（分）严厉
Don’t be too hard on that child
He is always hard on his employee
Special Difficulties
get关短语动词
get out
① （）出出（反义词get into）
Why don’t you get the dog out
The door is locked I can’t get out
② 走开滚开（常祈句）
Now you get out of here fast
get into 进
I’ve lost my key I can’t get into the house
get on
① 前进进展（get along义）
He is getting on quite well in his new job
② 继续干相处融洽（常 with连）
Tom talked with his brother for a while and then got on with his homework
He’s so difficult I can’t get on with him 扭法相处
get…off 脱取
Please help me to get the box off the boat
When he got the lid off the box he saw a man lying in it
get off 没受重伤重罚逃脱（常with连）
Tom was punished but Jim go off lightly
I can hardly believe that the thief got off with just a warning
get over
① 恢复痊愈
Has your mother got over her illness
② 解决结束（某件愉快必做事）（ 常 with连）
They wanted to get the job over as quickly as possible
get though
① 通（考试测验等）
Have you got through your driving test last week
② 吃掉喝完光
Fancy Helen getting through all the food
公标语 no
公标语通常字数少语言精练表示禁止……时no+名词动名词名词短语No Camping（禁止野营）No Smoking（禁止吸烟）No Parking（禁止停车）No Left Turn（禁止左转弯） 真 正 公 告 牌 标语全部写字母加标点 NO SMOKING等
On public notices we write No Camping instead of Do not camp
公告牌Do not camp No Camping
★Lesson 75 SOS
★survivor n 幸存者(指)
survival n 幸存东西
survive v 生存存活
the person who survived
I learn how to live but now I know how to survive （生存）
I survived after the fire （存活）
survive + sth(灾难) 某种灾难存活着
I survived the fire
The house survived the earthquake
★scene n 现场
① n（事件发生）点现场
A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors
架直升飞机快飞抵出事现场搭救幸存者
These things were found at the scene of the murder
② n 风景景色景象
A beautiful scene always makes me delighted
I have just seen a sad scene
课文讲解
1When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed
off course 脱离轨道
fly off course 飞行偏离航线
During the storm the ship went off course
kill v 杀（仅表示死定杀死火灾等）
Fire in Tokyo Five people killed Ten persons injured（受伤）
murder v 谋杀（意杀死）
2It was the middle of winter
middle of winter 隆冬
middle of summer 盛夏
3Snow lay thick on the ground
lay 系动词thick形容词作表语表示语状态性质
The old man lies ill and neglected in bed
4The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away
miles away 英里外（距离表达方式）
5When it grew dark she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it covering them with all the clothes she could find
turn…into… change sth into … ……变成……
6The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself but it was too small
as…as sb cancould as…as possible ……
He got through as much food as he could and set out
Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can
near to close to
7Early next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal
hear sb doing sth 听见某正做某事
overhead adv 头顶
wonder want to know
8Then she had an idea She stamped out the letters 'SOS' in the snow
stamp out 踩出
out 里副词表示出现显露等
The writer has brought out another book
He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden
SOS Save Our Souls 国际通呼救信号
in the snow 雪
9Fortunately a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town
by radio 通广播
10It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash
long before long long ago 久前
It was not long before + 句 久……（指）
It was not long before he went abroad
It was not long before I finished my homework
It will not be long before… 久……（发生事）
It will not be long before he gets over his illness
before long 久（般时现算久会样）
Before long he will go abroad
shortly before ……前久
shortly after ……立
on the scene 现场（固定短语）
Special Difficulties
表示变成动词
growturngogetcomfall等动词均变成意思法时差
grow表示（逐渐）变get正式：
He has grown fat
He has grown to like studying mathematics
grow dark（变黑）
grow get slowly慢慢变
turn表示（状态性质）改变（成）……变颜色等
Leaves will turn yellow in autumn
A colony of bees had turned the engine into a hive
His face turned red
go表示变成（某种状态）通常表示变化：
Some foods go bad easily
The milk went sour
get 口语中较表示成（某种状态）强调变化程（子变） 天气变化般getget cold(变冷)
Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet
come表示变成成达等true连时表示实现
Her dream to swim across the channel has come true
come + truerightloose
The dream comes true 梦想成真
Take it easy Everything will come right
come loose 变松动
fall表示变成……状态
fall + asleepill 坠落梦乡病倒
You fell asleep while I was talking to you
He fell ill last week so he didn’t come to your wedding
★Lesson 76 April Fools' Day
课文讲解
1we're going over to the macaroni fields of Calabria
go over ……走
I went over to the blind man to help him across the road
2Here you can see two workers who between them have just finished cutting three cartloads of golden brown macaroni stalks
between作介词时含义作……努力结果协力：
Between them they killed the snake
Between us we pulled down the tree 协力树拉倒
3The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains
rain n 雨水雨季季节性雨（常复数）
the September rains 9月雨季
We haven’t had much rain this year
Sometimes spring rains are really annoying 时绵绵春雨真心烦意乱
Special Difficulties
Usual and Usually
usual adj 通常常惯常
It is usual with him to get up late
I parked the car at the usual place
usually adv 常通常
When do you usually have supper
Between and Among
between prep （两者）间
I picked up the receiver between two sticky finger
表示两两间相互关系时between3（3）名词前：
The village lies between a river a mountain and a road
among prep ……中间……环绕（指三者）
The church lies among mountains
Among those boys Dan is the tallest
ManagerDirector and Headmaster
manager n 理
I entered the hotel manager’s office and sat down
director n 董事
Mr Jones is the director of several companies
headmaster n（中学）校长
I haven’t met the headmaster of this school yet
★Lesson 77 A successful operation
★last vi 持续延续（常表示时间名词短语没动语态）
last直接加时间加for+时间
The meeting lasts (for) three hours
The war between the two countries lasted (for) over three yearsuntil 1453
★prove v 显示出
① vi 显示表明
prove +adj
It proves difficult to do the job by herself
prove +to be +adj
It proves to be difficult
② vt 证明证实（面句形容词名词定式等）
I will prove it to you 会证明
We’re been trying to sell our house but it’s proved to be very difficult
You should first prove that you bought these goods here
课文讲解
1The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 BC has just had an operation
BC Before Christ 公元前放年代面
AD 公元放年代前面常常省略
2The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes
that 指代文中出现名词 the mummy指代特指事物时尤较状语句中常 thatthose指代提事物：
The cost of living here is lower than that in London
that ofthose of般较正式文体中：
It's colder than Guangzhou × （北京广州点分身没冷热）
The weather of Beijing is colder than Guangzhou ×
The weather of Beijing is colder than the weather of Guangzhou
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou ∨
The texts of Book Two are more difficult than those of Book One
The area of the USA is larger than that of Britain
Temple of Thebes 底斯神庙
3As there were strange marks on the Xray plates taken of the mummy doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease
take plates of sth ……拍片子
take photos of the mountain
take plate 拍片子take photo 拍片
4As there were strange marks on the Xray plates taken of the mummy doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease
find out + 句
die 瞬间动词 段 时 间 连 段时间连必须变成系表结构be deaddiebe doing形式 be doing表示发生动作
He has died for three years ×
die in the accident 死车祸
die of + 死……
die of hunger
die of grief 死悲哀
die from + 外 死……
die from wound （枪伤）
He died from the heart disease
日常生活表达中die of die from互换
5The only way to do this was to operate
way + of 做……方式（做定语）
way + to do 做……方式（做定语）
6The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died
what 名词提问how副词介词短语提问
how 里 of sth提问想what提问died面加of
decide v 做出终判断……判决解决（悬案）
The police cannot decide yet which of the two men is guilty
7They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open but fortunately this has not happened
fear v 害怕（长时间）
cut open 切开
fall to pieces go to pieces 碎成碎片散掉
During the storm the old house fell to pieces
After two years their marriage fell to pieces
Special Difficulties
BC and AD
BC Before Christ 公元前（位年代）
The Romans invaded England in 55 BC
AD anno Domini(in the yeare of the Lordsince Christ was born) 公元前（位年代前）
George I died in AD 1727
SkinLeather and Complexion
skin n 体皮肤指某什颜色皮肤（ complexion互换）
We are wet to the skin
He has a dark skincomplexion
leather n 皮革
Shoes made of real leather have become very expensive
This sofa is made from real leather
complexion n 肤色
Look at her rosy cheeks She has a lovely complexion
Wax and Candle
wax n 蜡（数名词）
All the figures in this shop are made of wax
candle n 蜡烛（数名词）
I keep a candle by my bed in case the lights go out suddenly
★Lesson 78 The last one
★entitle vt ……名取名……题名 ……称号v 授权 授权
entitle + 宾语 + sth ……题名……
The writer hasn’t entitled his new book yet
The book was entitled The Sun Also Rises
call sb sth
name sb sth
★calm v 镇定
calm down 镇定
★nerve n 神
lose one's nerve 失勇气
I lost my nerve
nervous adj 神紧张
mental disorder 神病
★concentration n 集中专心
concentrate v 专心
concentrate on doing sth 集中精力做某事
concentrate on learning English
★suffer v 受苦受害
① vi 受痛苦爱苦难患病
During this time my wife suffered terribly
What is the patient suffering from
② vt 遭受（痛苦损害等）
The village suffered serious damage from the floods
Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district
★temper n 脾气
keep one's temper 发火
lose one's temper 发火
Since his illness he always loses his temper
名词 + ed 形容词：
hottempered 脾气火爆 goodtempered 脾气 badtempered 坏脾气
★appetite n 胃口食欲
appetite for sth 关……食欲 （appetite 表示胃口仅食物言）
I have good appetite for the ice cream 想吃冰淇淋
to one's taste 某胃口
This book is not to my taste
★produce v 出
producetake
★urge v 力劝怂恿
urge sb to do sth 怂恿某做……
persuade sb to do sth 说服劝说某做某事
★satisfaction n 满意满足
satisfactory adj 令满意
★delighted adj 感高兴欣喜
delight n 欣喜高兴
delight + 某高兴
gladhappypleased 感高兴
I'm gladhappypleased
glad 种客套话
Glad to hear that
happy 相稳定种快乐
He is a happy man
pleased 高兴含满足概念
I'm pleased
delighted 突事情感开心
I'm delighted
课文讲解
1After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves
an article entitled 题名……文章
英语中文章名书名中单词第字母均写开头位置连词冠词品词外
lit （lightlight） v 点燃
I lit a cigarette
lighted adj 点燃
This is a lighted cigarette
2My friends kept on offering cigarettes and cigars
keep on doing sth continue doing sth 持续断做
The child was crying loudly but he kept on watching TV
cigar n 雪茄
offer sb sth 某某物
3They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket
make every effort 全力切努力
He made every effort to getat getting the job
make no effort 根作努力毫费力
make no effort to persuade him
She wrote the letter withwithout effort 费力毫费力写封信
make effort + to do sth 努力做……
no matter when whenever 时
no matter who whoever 谁
no matter where wherever 里
no matter how 样
4When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette it was more than I could bear
was more than I could bear I couldn't bear
more than面句形容词时表示超出（口语）：
He was more than pleased with his new room
This was more than I had expectd
5Anyway as Brian pointed out it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking
anyway
Anyway I love him
Thank you anyway
point out explain 指出指明
Why didn’t you point out his mistake to him at that time
He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things
Special Difficulties
keep 关短语动词
keep on +doing sth 反复持续
My friends kept on offering me cigarettes
He kept on saying that he was tired 断说累
keep off ……离开
Keep off the flower bed 请勿进入花坛
Keep your hands off the food 动吃东西
keep away from （……）避开
Why do you always keep away from me 什总躲着？
Keep the children away from the river 孩子河边
keep it up 松劲保持成绩继续
You've made much progress Keep it up 已取进步继续努力
If you keep it up you'll be able to set up a new world record
果保持／松劲创项新世界纪录
keep up with 落……面
Although he walked as fast as he could he still couldn't keep up with his father
然快走父亲
In order to keep up with his classmates he worked harder than ever
学时候更努力
keep out （）留外面（）进入
He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind 挡风关门窗
16000volt power line Keep out 16000 伏高压线
keep in （……）留里面／关屋里出外
It's very cold today We'd better keep in 天冷出
When the dog was kept in it barked loudly 条狗关屋里时狂吠止
★Lesson 79 By air
★plant v 安放
① vt 种植……种植
They planted grass seed on the desolate hills
② vt 放置安置布置
A bomb was planted on the plane
On that day many policemen were planted along the main street
课文讲解
1A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience
take charge (of)… 顾……接开始理
She took charge of the child after his parents died
The new manager will take charge (of the company) from next week
2I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened
倒装句倒装句结构副词+助动词（bedohavecanmust等）+语 +句子余部分
倒装句情况：
① 句首否定似否定副词（neverrarelylittleon no occasionhardlyno sooner…that等）：
Little does he realize how important this meeting is
Never has he got so many letters
On no occasion must you accept any money if he offers it
② 句首only构成词组（ only afteronly then等）：
Only then did I realize what a mistake I have made
Only after she had taken off her coat and hat could I recognize her
果only 加状语放句首倒装语序肯定句语序变成般疑问句语序
It is only in recent years that it gained bad reputation 强调句型
Only in recent years did the tree gain bad reputation 倒装句表示强调
be used to doing sth 惯做某事
3After taking off we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport
take off 起飞
gain height （飞机）增加高度爬高 （gain vt 增加）
The car gained speed when it was outside the town
He has gained so much weight that he decides to go on a diet
touch down （飞机）着陆降落
Don’t stand up before the plane has touched down
4Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened
on board ……（飞机）搭（船飞机火车汽车等）
Tom has never been on board a plane before
Special Difficulties
take关短语动词
take off
① 脱（衣服鞋子等）
Why don’t you take off your coathatglasses
②（飞机）起飞（鸟）飞起
The plane will take off in half an hour
③（嘲弄）模仿（口语）
He takes people off so well he ought to go on the stage
He is always taking his teacher off
He is always making fun of him by imitating him
take after （长相性格等）（父母等）
Jane isn’t easy to get along with She takes after her mother
take up
① 占（时间点等）
This work won’t take up too much of your time
Your books have taken up too much space
② 开始（事产生兴趣等）
He took up tennispainting two years ago
He has taken up French He has begun to learn French
take to 养成……惯开始沉缅（名词动名词）
When did he take to drinkingsmoking
take in 欺骗（口语常动语态）
On one occasion I was taken in
take down 写记
I forgot to take down his telephone number
The reporter took down everything I said
take over 接收接
We all hope that things will get better when the new manager takes over
★Lesson 80 The Crystal Palace
★profit n 利润
① n 利润赢利益
Stores haven’t made as much profit as usual this year
The profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges
② vi 获益益获利
I have profited much from your advicethis book living abroad
课文讲解
1Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851
the Great Exhibition 世界博览会
2The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world for it was made of iron and glass
be different from… ……
be made of… ……制造（指原材料没发生化学变化）
3It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it
of all time 空前史（常形容词高级连表示范围）
He is one of the greatest men of all time
one of 高级+复数名词结构语气直接形容词高级+名词结构缓绝
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year
Yesterday was one of the hottest days of the year
4There was also a great deal of machinery on display
machinery n 机器机械装置（集合名词单数动词搭配）
某具体机器machine者a piece of machinery表示：
This is a wonderful piece of machinerya wonderful machine
on display on show 展出陈列
Shall we put all these flowers on displayshow
5There were six million visitors in all and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges
in all 总合计
at the wedding there were over 100 people in all
6It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936
remain里系动词表示保持变然（面形容词名词动名词等）
Why did you remain silentquiet at the dinner party
They all remained standing while the manager talked
Special Difficulties
带on短语：
on displayshow 展出陈列
This is the best dress on displayshow 展出衣服
on business 公（for pleasure相）
Last month he went to New York on business and had little time to visit friends
on foot 步行（by busby carby air 等相）
I usually go to work by car but this morning I went on foot
on duty 值班值班
It was Sunday and there was only one doctor on duty
on the whole 总总说体
On the whole he is a hardworking student
on fire 起火着火
Soon the whole building was on fire
on purpose 意意特意（ by chance相）
They have come here on purpose to see you
She broke the vase on purpose
on the average 均通常
On the average he works more than ten hours a day
on any account 说（通常否定句）
Do not interrupt him on any account
You mustn’t on any account sign the contract before you read it
on second thought(s) 重新考虑（thought单数复数均）
I intended to go to the party but on second thought(s) I decided to stay at home
★Lesson 81 Escape
★march v 行进
① v（部队）行军行进
② v（威风凛凛容迫）走迅速走
Jane marched out of the room without saying a word
课文讲解
1When he had killed the guard the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes
the prisoner of war 战俘（缩写POW）
2Working rapidly in the darkness he soon changed into the dead man's clothes
change into 换（衣）
He changed into his new dress and went to the party
3Now dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp
up and down 回前
He was worried about his mother and walked up and down in the room
4Lights were blazing and men were running here and there they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped
here and there 处四处
They went here and there looking for the lost child
5The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed
stand atto attention 立正
The students stood atto attention while the headmaster made a speech
Letter Writing
结束语
Please give my loveregards to…
I hope you feel better soon
Special Difficulties
ClothClothes and Clothing
cloth
① n 布布料（数名词）
There’s enough cloth for a skirt
Do you think the cloth will wear well 认布料会耐穿？
② n 抹布桌布（数名词）
Wipe up the mess with a cloth
clothes n 衣服服装（面动词复数形式）
My clothes are mostly bought from abroad
clothing n 服装总称（数名词包括衣服鞋帽等）
He still needs some winter clothing
Salute and Greet
salute v 行军礼（……）敬礼
The guard saluted as the officers passed
The guard saluted the officers
greet v 招呼欢迎迎接
When we arrived the whole family stood up to greet us
He greeted Dan with a nod
Clear and Clean
clear
① adj 清澈明亮晴朗
He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes
Seeing that it was a clear day he drove to the countryside
② adj 清楚明确明
I want to make it clear that I’m not paying the bill
③ adj 畅通障碍危险
You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road
clean
① adj 干净
These cups are not very clean
② adj 污点犯罪历史
He has a clean record 贯表现（没前科）
★Lesson 82 Monster or fish
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
monster n 怪物
sailor n 海员
sight v 见
creature n 动物生物
peculiar adj 奇怪寻常
shining adj 闪闪发光
oarfish n 桨鱼
★claim
① vt &vi（……）提出求认领索取
Has anyone claimed the childwallet
② vt 声称断言
They claim to have seen monsters in the sea
He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet
Text
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish Occasionally unusual creatures are washed to the shore but they are rarely caught out at sea Some time ago however a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line Realizing that this was no ordinary fish the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way When it was eventually brought to shore it was found to be over thirteen feet long It had a head like a horse big blue eyes shining silver skin and a bright red tail The fish which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist is called an oarfish Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet
参考译文
渔夫水手时声称海里妖怪然常常水手讲事付诸笑现时妖怪奇怪鱼异常生物偶尔会岸海极少捕然久前马达加斯加附海里捕条奇怪鱼条渔船条咬住钩强壮鱼拖英里外海面位渔民意识根条普通鱼千方百计受丝毫伤害终弄岸发现身长超 13 英尺长着马样头着蓝眼睛闪闪发光银色皮肤条鲜红色尾巴鱼桨鱼送进博物馆现正接受位科学家检查少活着类动物生活 600英尺深水
课文讲解
1Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea
to have seen定式完成式结构定式完成式定式动作发生谓语动作前情况 定式完成式常believedeclarefindsayseeknowthinkunderstand等动词（动词常动语态）：
I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time
He is thoughtbelieved to have been killed in an air crash
I meantintended to have invited him but I forgot to do so
想算邀请忘记
I hopeplan to have finished by 12
希计划12点钟前已完成（ 相完成时）
2Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish
at times 时偶尔
At times I feel that he is not honest
3Occasionally unusual creatures are washed to the shore but they are rarely caught out at sea
out at sea 远海外海
Don’t sail out to sea in this weather
4Realizing that this was no ordinary fish the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way
no否定意味not (aan)重（名词形容词前系动词 be）
They are no friends of ours 根朋友
This is no easy work 绝件容易干活
5Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet
creature指包含生物动物指时表示怜爱等感情指女性：
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time
Letter Writing
结束语：
I shall be looking forward to hearing fromseeing you soon
I hope you will soon settle down in your (new job school etc)
Special Difficulties
Laugh and Laugh at
laugh v 笑
Everybody laughed when the circus clown made his appearance
laugh at 嘲笑……
Don’t laugh at me
Wash and Wash up
wash
① v 洗洗涤
I must get up and wash
wash oneself 洗澡
Sally can almost wash herself now
②v 走卷走
Occasionally unusual creatures are washed to the shore
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods
wash up
① v 洗餐具
When you phoned she was busy washing up (the dishes)
② v ……岸
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore
★Lesson 83 After the elections
New words and expressions生词短语（9）
election n 选举
former adj 前
defeat v 败
fanatical adj 狂热
opponent n 反者手
radical adj 激进
progressive adj 进步
ex prefix（前缀名词前）前……
suspicious adj 怀疑
★ex prefix（前缀名词前）前……（相 former）
exhusband 前夫 exwife 前妻extaxidriver 前出租汽车司机
exmanager 前理 exheadmaster 前校长
★suspicious adj 怀疑
① adj 猜疑认疑……起疑心疑
Customs officers are suspicious of nervouslooking travelers
Don’t be so suspicious Everything’s all right
② adj 疑令起疑
You get a lot of suspiciouslooking people in this bar
The car crash looks suspicious
Text
The former Prime Minister Mr Wentworth Lane was defeated in the recent elections He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad My friend Patrick has always been a fanaticalopponent of Mr Lane's Radical Progressive Party After the elections Patrick went to the former Prime Minister's house When he asked if Mr Lane lived there the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat the exPrime Minister had gone abroad On the following day Patrick went to the house again The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance when Patrick asked the same question Though a little suspicious this time the policeman gave him the same answer The day after Patrick went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question This time the policeman lost his temper 'I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday' he shouted 'Mr Lane was defeated in the elections He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad 'I know' answered Patrick 'but I love to hear you say it'
参考译文
前首相温特沃兹莱恩先生选中击败现退出政界国外朋友帕特里克直莱恩先生激进强烈反者选结束帕特里克前首相住处询问莱恩先生否住里时值班警察告诉位前首相落选出国第二天帕特里克次首相住 处昨天位警察正门口慢慢走帕特里克前问昨天样问题然位警察次点疑心作样回答第三天帕特里克提出前两天完全样问题次警察火昨天前天告诉您着莱恩先生选中击败已退出政界国外 知道帕特里克说喜欢听说出
课文讲解
1After the elections
the elections 选（英文中election常复数形式接表示复数动词指全国性选举般选举单数）
He hopes to defeat his rival in next year’s elections
2The former Prime Minister Mr Wentworth Lane was defeated in the recent elections
former adj 前前前（名词）
Yesterday he received a letter from his former wifeEnglish teacher
Prime Minister 首相
3Though a little suspicious this time the policeman gave him the same answer
步状语句果句语句相谓语带系动词 be语+be 省略原状语句省略形式带分词being：
If possible please let me know by this evening
果话请晚前告诉
Being worried about his child he walked up and down in the room
4This time the policeman lost his temper
lost his temper 发脾气
Letter Writing
结束语：
I am very sorry for all the trouble this has caused you I wish you good luckevery success in…
Special Difficulties
Temper and Mood
temper
① n 脾气性情
This time the policeman lost his temper
Whatever happens remember to keep our temper
My sister is of a calmquick temper 姐姐妹妹性情脾气急躁
The boss is in a temper today 老板天脾气
② n 心情情绪（mood义）
That morning he was in a good moodtemper
mood n 心情情绪意想（做某事）（ temper）
When he is in a bad temper he gets angry easily But when he is in a bad mood he likes to sit alone （bad moodbad temper稍区）
脾气时容易生气心情时喜欢独坐着
At that time I was not in the mood for talkingto talk （temper）
Although Jeremy is wellknown for his great sense of humour he is in no mood for telling funny stories today （temper）
★Lesson 84 On strike
New words and expressions生词短语（11）
strike n 罢工
busman n 公汽车司机
state v 正式提出宣布
agreement n 协议
relieve v 减轻
pressure n 压力麻烦
extent n 程度
volunteer v 动提出愿
gratitude n 感激
Press n 新闻界
object v 赞成反
★relieve v 减轻
① vt 缓解减轻
This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent
This medicine has relieved my toothache
② vt ……宽心宽慰松口气
He was much relieved to hear that the operation had been successful
The news relieved te whole family
★volunteer v 动提出愿
① vt &vi 愿动提出愿提供
Some college students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts
After the fire many people volunteered their services
Frank has volunteered for the army
② n 愿参加者志愿者
Are there any volunteers for a try 愿试试？
★Press n 新闻界（集合名词）
Ian is a member of the press
The press isare waiting to see the president 记者等着见总统
Text
Busmen have decided to go on strike next week The strike is due to begin on Tuesday No one knows how long it will last The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent Meanwhile a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts All the students are expert drivers but before they drive any of the buses they will have to pass a special test The students are going to take the test in two days' time Even so people are going to find it difficult to get to work But so far the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast
参考译文
公汽车司机决定星期罢工罢工定星期二开始谁知道会持续久司机声称次罢工直持续工资工作条件问题达成全面协议时候止数认次罢工少会持续星期私汽车车正准备车班提供免费车服务某种程度减轻火车压力时部分学生愿罢工期间驾驶公汽车学生开车手驾驶公汽车前必须通项专门测验学生准备两天接受测验样会感班困难目前止公众已新闻界写信表达学生感激情两提出反意见说学生会车开太快
课文讲解
1Busmen have decided to go on strike next week
go on strike 举行罢工
on strike 罢工
It is not clear yet when the teachers on strike will return to their classrooms
2The strike is due to begin on Tuesday
due adj 预定约定
be due to do sth 定（某时做某事）
The plane is due (to arrive) in London at 9 o’clock
be due to +n …………
Our delay was due to the heavy traffic
3Many owners of private cars are going to offer 'free rides' to people on their way to work
free ride 免费车
4This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent
to some extent to a certain extent 某种程度
The weather has helped me to somea certain extent
5Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast
object that… 提出异议反
They objected that the book was too difficult for them
object to 名词动名词 反喜欢赞成
A lot of people object to smoking in public places
Do you object to my sitting beside you
Special Difficulties
it 作先行宾语
语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语句型中常 it 作先行宾语真正宾语面动词定式句：
People are going to find it difficult to get to work
常种结构动词：findthinkconsiderfeelmakekeep等：
She felt it right for them to arrest the thief
They consider it impossible to finish the work in three days
★Lesson 85 Never too old to learn
New words and expressions生词短语（14）
inform v 告诉通知
headmaster n 校长
contribute v 捐助援助
gift n 礼物赠品
album n 签名簿相册
patience n 耐心
encouragement n 鼓励
farewell n 告
honour n 敬意
coincidence n 巧合
total n 总数
devote v 致力
gardening n 园艺
hobby n 爱嗜
★inform v 告诉通知
① vt 通知告知
inform sb of sth 通知某……
Who informed you aboutof this
inform that… 通知……
he was informed that he would receive an extra thousand pounds a year
tell sb sth 告诉某某事
tell sb that 告诉某……
② vi 告发检举（ againston连）
He used to inform against his classmates
Several people have informed on him
★devote v 致力
devote to + doing 致力……（to 介词）
I devote myself to teaching
He devoted himself to making money
object to + doing sth
★farewell n 告
farewell n 告见adj 告（goodbye更正式）
Farewell 会路安
He said farewell to his mother and got on the plane
When Frank retired they held a farewell party
★honour n 敬意
guard of honour 仪仗队
in one's honour 纪念某某表示尊重
We will give him a party in his honour
We will give him a dinner in his honour
It's my honour 荣幸
It's my honour to do sth 做某件事情荣幸
It's my honour to talk with you
I'm honoured to do sth 感荣幸
I'm honoured to talk with you
I'm honoured to stand here and give you ★Lessons
I'm honoured to be your teacher
Text
I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster Mr Stuart Page will be retiring next week Pupils of the school old and new will be sending him a present to mark the occasion All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years After he has retired he will devote himself to gardening For him this will be an entirely new hobby But this does not matter for as he has often remarked one is never too old to learn
参考译文
刚刚收母校封信通知说前校长斯图亚特佩奇先生星期退休纪念日子学校学生——老学新学——送件礼物凑钱买礼品名字签签名簿签名簿送校长家里会忘记佩奇先生耐心充满理解会忘记愿学时予亲切鼓励老学准备参加星期四举行告宴会佩奇先生退休前天正执教满 40 年日子真奇妙巧合退休致力园艺说种全新爱没关系正常说样活老学老
课文讲解
1I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former headmaster Mr Stuart Page will be retiring next week
former adj 前前
2Pupils of the school old and new will be sending him a present to mark the occasion
student 通指学生pupil 指中学学生
mark the occasion 纪念时候
mark n 标记v 做标记……作记号留痕迹纪念
He marked all the foods which were forbidden with a red pencil
send sb sth 送某……
3All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmaster's home
contribute towardsto sth ……捐款提供……
Before his death he contributed a large sum of money to the church
A few of us contributed towards Mary’s present on her birthday
all those who … will do sth ……
All those who want to go on an excursion will sign their names 想郊游签名
All those who will take part in the sports meeting will sign their names
presentgift表示礼物赠品gift 相正式：
She has just received a beautiful birthday present
He made a gift of 60000 to his old school
4We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school
remember sb for sth ……记住某记…………
be willing to do sth 心甘情愿做某事
We shall all remember him for his hard work
5A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday
in one’s honour in honour of sb ……表示敬意纪念某
Many people attended the party in honour of the new manager
This is a farewell performance in her honour
6It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years
It’s is a curious coincidence that… 纯属巧合……真奇异巧合
the day before 前天 two days before 前两天
a total of 总
The money she spent on the dinner party reached a total of 200
7After he has retired he will devote himself to gardening
devote oneself to… 致力……献身专心（to介词名词动名词）
Mary devotes herself to helping the poor
As a boy Jim devoted himself to tennis
8For him this will be an entirely new hobby
entirely completely 完完全全
9But this does not matter for as he has often remarked one is never too old to learn
as +句 正…
As you know… 正知道……
Letter Writing
封信结尾：
I am looking forward to seeing you soon
Best regards
Tom
Best wishesYoursLove结尾
签名必须清楚必须落信末尾面果信写完想作补充写签名面写附言前必须加PS两字母意思
Special Difficulties
Too and Enough
too adv 太分
enough adv 足够十分
tooenough作程度副词too通常位修饰形容词分词前enough位修饰词含定式句型里too常具否定含义enough表示达必程度：
He is too heavy for me to lift
The pear is ripe enough for me to eat
★Lesson 86 Out of control
New words and expressions生词短语（11）
swing v 转
speedboat n 快艇
desperately adv 绝
companion n 伙伙伴
water ski （快艇牵引水橇）滑水
buoy n 浮标
dismay n 沮丧
tremendous adj 巨
petrol n 汽油
drift v 漂动漂流
gently adv 缓慢轻轻
★swing v 转
① vt &vi（……）摆动摇动
He can’t stand those who swing their legs while eating
She tried to swing the baby to sleep
② vt &vi 突然转……转转身
The man tried to swing the speedboat round
He swung round and looked at the two men
Text
As the man tried to swing the speedboat round the steering wheel came away in his hands He waved desperately to his companion who had been water skiing for the last fifteen minutes Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violently into the sea The speedboat had struck a buoy but it continued to move very quickly across the water Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore when they noticed with dismay that the speedboat was moving in a circle It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed In less than a minute it roared past them only a few feet away After it had passed they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle On this occasion however it had slowed down considerably The petrol had nearly all been used up Before long the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water
参考译文
试图快艇转弯时方盘脱手绝伙伴挥手伙伴15分钟里直滑水两没意识究竟发生什事情猛抛入海里快艇撞浮标水面快速行驶着两刚开始岸边游突然惊愕发现快艇正转着圈行驶现正惊速度直驶1分钟工夫离英尺远方呼啸着驶快艇快速度前游知道快艇马转回刚刚游出危险区快艇转完圈然次速度慢汽油已光没久噪音便彻底消失快艇开始水面慢悠悠漂流
课文讲解
1Out of control
out of 失欠缺
We are out of bread
He has been out of work for two months
The plane got out of control and crashed in the mountains
2As the man tried to swing the speedboat round the steering wheel came away in his hands
come away 脱落离开脱离脱开
When I tried to lift the suitcase the handle came away
3On this occasion however it had slowed down considerably
on this occasion 次
4The petrol had nearly all been used up
use up 耗光完
They have just bought a house and a car They must have used up all their money
up表示彻底完全动词连：
The child soon ate up the cake
She burned up all his letters
Can you read up the book in two hours
5Before long the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water
drop vi 减少变弱消失
When he saw that Mary was annoyed his voice dropped
We had to stay at home before the wind had dropped
Special Difficulties
Enough and Fairly
enough表示足够形容词副词某种目含义
I’m old enough to know I’m doing
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough 车站够早（误火车）
fairly表示相通常修饰表示肯定意义词：
The water in the pool is fairly warm but not warm enough to swim in
He is fairly quick but not quick enough to take part in the race
★Lesson 87 A perfect alibi
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
alibi n 犯罪现场
commit v 犯（罪错）
inspector n 探长
employer n 雇
confirm v 确认证实
suggest v 提醒
truth n 真相
★alibi n 犯罪现场场证明时场申辩（数名词）
Ian had an alibialibis for that morning
★commit v 犯（罪错）
① vt 犯（罪）做（错事坏事等）
He has never committed any crime before
A murder was committed at 8 o’clock this morning
② vt 承诺承担义务卷入（常反身代词连）
You should know each other better before committing yourselves to marriage
He has committed his friend to taking part in the race
★confirm v 确认证实
① vt 证实确定
My employer will confirm that I was there on time
His words are confirmed
② vt 巩固加强
His experiences in that company that confirmed his decision to have a factory of his own
What he saw and heard that night confirmed his belief that the pub was haunted
Text
'At the time the murder was committed I was travelling on the 8 o'clock train to London' said the man 'Do you always catch such an early train' asked the inspector 'Of course I do' answered the man 'I must be at work at 10 o'clock My employer will confirm that I was there on time'
'Would a later train get you to work on time' asked the inspector
'I suppose it would but I never catch a later train'
'At what time did you arrive at the station'
'At ten to eight I bought a paper and waited for the train'
'And you didn't notice anything unusual'
'Of course not'
'I suggest' said the inspector 'that you are not telling the truth I suggest that you did not catch the 8 o'clock train but that you caught the 825 which would still get you to work on time You see on the morning of the murder the 8 o'clock train did not run at all It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line'
参考译文
凶杀发生时候正坐8点钟开伦敦火车说
您总赶样早火车？探长问
然回答必须10点钟班雇会证明时
晚点车送您时班？
认晚点车
您点钟火车站？
7点50分买张报纸等着车
您没注意什异常情况发生？
然没
提醒您探长说您讲实话您 8点钟火车 8点 25分次车样您时班您凶杀发生天早晨8 点钟次车根没发芬格林车站出障取消
课文讲解
1And you didn't notice anything unusual
陈述疑问句：
You’re out of work
定代词anythingsomething等形容词修饰时形容词必须定代词：
This isn’t anything important
I’d like something cheaper
2I suggest' said the inspector 'that you are not telling the truth
I suggest (that)… ……恐怕……
I suggest that he is not so honest as he looks
I suggest that the car crash was not accidental
3You see on the morning of the murder the 8 o'clock train did not run at all
you see口语中常作插入语出现句首句中句尾均表示知道事实等含义：
He was not really interested in film you see
My leg isn’t all right yet you see so I can’t climb the hill with you
run指火车公汽车船等定时定期行驶（两间）：
This ship runs between Dover and Calais
★Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine
New words and expressions生词短语（12）
trap v 陷入陷困境
surface n 面表面
explosive n 炸药
vibration n 震动
collapse v 坍塌
drill v 钻孔
capsule n 容器
layer n 层
beneath prep
lower v 放降低
progress v 进展进行
smoothly adv 利
★collapse v 坍塌
① vi 倒塌
If explosives are used vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse
With no one to repair it the old church collapsed long ago
② vi（精疲力竭）倒（身体等）垮掉
After many years’ hard work my mother’s health collapsed
He had run more than forty miles As soon as he was out of danger he collapsed
Text
Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives However rescue operations are proving difficult If explosives are used vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil they would have completed the job in a few hours As it is they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go Meanwhile a microphone which was lowered into the mine two hours ago has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives Though they are running out of food and drink the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they would lose heart
参考译文
6困矿井里已17时果快救面丧生然事实证明营救工作非常困难果炸药爆破震动会引起矿顶塌落营救员矿井北侧钻洞准备种特制容器6救果土壤面层坚硬岩石营救工作仅时完成实际情况已连续钻16时离钻透早着呢 时两时前放井麦克风井亲属保持联系然食物饮料快消耗心情坚信快会出直告知营救工作进行非常利果知道钻透坚硬岩石困难会丧失信心
课文讲解
1However rescue operations are proving difficult
rescue operations 营救工作
prove vt 证明结果
What he had told us proved false
2Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine
therefore adv （独立位动词前）
The new flat is larger and therefore more expensive
His parents gave him some money and he was therefore able to buy a car
so conj （放动词前）
We arrived early so we got good seats
3As it is they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go
as it is as it was 事实实际
I thought they would help us As it was they just sat there and looked on
I promised to return books yesterday As it is I won’t be able to do so until next Monday
4Meanwhile a microphone which was lowered into the mine two hours ago has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives
enable vt ……够
The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies
前缀 en加名词形容词前词成动词 endanger（危遭受危险）enlarge（扩扩展扩充）enslave（奴役成奴隶）entrap（……入陷阱圈套欺骗）
keep in touch with ……保持联系（stayget等动词）
George is in close touch with Ian
Can you get in touch with the company
5Though they are running out of food and drink the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon
run out of 完
6If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock they would lose heart
lose heart 失丧失信心勇气泄气灰心
Seeing that the enemy was much stronger than themselves the soldiers lost heart at once
Special Difficulties
run关短语
run out of 完耗
They are running out of food and drink
He has run out of money
run after 追赶追逐
Seeing that his sister was annoyed he ran after her to apologize
run over ……驶辗
The car ran over a snakehis legs
run in 试车试转（发动机等）
John is running his new car in
Run in the engine before you start work
run into 偶然碰见
I ran into Mary and Jane in the flower shop
He ran into Sterlings while travelling in Italy
★Lesson 89 A slip of the tongue
New words and expressions生词短语（7）
slip n 错误
comedy n 喜剧
present v 演出adj 出席场
queue v 排队
dull adj 枯燥味
artiste n 艺
advertiser n 报幕员
★slip n 错误失误疏漏
You’ve made some slips (of the pen) in your report
When he was nervous he would sometimes make a slip of tongue
Text
People will do anything to see a free show even if it is a bad one When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P and U Bird Seed Company we all rushed to see it We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began Unfortunately the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone As soon as he opened his mouth everyone burst out laughing We all know what the poor man should have said but what he actually said was 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company Good ladies evening and gentlemen
参考译文
总想办法花钱演出——怕拙劣演出皮尤鸟食公司影院演出喜剧节目消息传开赶紧跑观排时进场演出开始前场肯定已百幸次演出乏味演出没进场没必感失应该出场专业演员没天晚唯趣事情节目开始时报幕员开场白显然非常紧张局促安麦克风前站分钟刚开口说话便哄堂笑起明白怜应该说什实际说： 浦伊’鸟食公司女士晚先生
课文讲解
1A slip of the tongue
a slip of the tongue 口误说走嘴失言
Are you sure that it was just a slip of tongue 确信时口误？
2People will do anything to see a free show even if it is a bad one
anything肯定句时表示什事情to see a free show表示目 for +名词形式：
He will do anything to save his child’s life
He will do anything for the child
3When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P and U Bird Seed Company we all rushed to see it
get round get aroundabout 四处传遍（消息谣言等）传开
The word soon got round that there was buried treasure in that cave
Bad news gets round quickly
4As soon as he opened his mouth everyone burst out laughing
burst out 突然……起（面常接动名词ininto+名词）
When she heard that her father had died in the accident she burst out crying
At the sight of the drunk everyone burst out laughingin laughter
Special Difficulties
Free and Single
free
① adj 免费偿
She has got some free ticket to the comedy show
The people are free to choose who will govern them
② adj 没束缚受控制空闲
You are free to make your own decision
I’m free on Friday evening
single adj 单身独身未婚
I enjoy being single
Are you married or single
a single parent 单亲（独养育女父亲母亲）
Queue and Row
queue
① vi 排队
We had to queue for hours to get in
She has to queue for the bus every morning
②n（序等车等）行列队（通常队）
There’s a long queueline of people waiting for the bus
We’d better join the queue for tickets
row n（物）排行（通常横）
You can see me in this old photo standing in the back row
Please put the desks in four rows
Funny
① adj 趣滑稽逗发笑（amusing义）
He included a large number of funny stories in his speech
② adj 反常古怪奇怪（口语）
I thought there was something funny about the parcel so I phoned the police
This morning I saw her wearing a funny hat which looked like a lighthouse
★Lesson 90 What's for supper
New words and expressions生词短语（15）
chip n 油煎土豆片
overfish v 度捕捞
giant adj 巨
terrify v 吓恐怖
diver n 潜员
oil rig 石油钻塔
wit n （复数）理智头脑
cage n 笼
shark n 鲨鱼
whale n 鲸
variety n 品种
cod n 鳕
skate n 鳐
factor n 素
crew n 全体工作员
★overfish v 度捕捞
over 做前缀表示度
overdressed 扮份 welldressed 扮
I overcook the rice 饭做糊
You overdid it 分
★giant adj 巨
giant huge quantity
biglargegreathugeimmensefantastic
tremendous adj 巨（相信惊讶）
enormous adj 巨（相信惊讶）
This is a tremendous shoe
This is tremendous and enormous
giant n 巨adj 巨样
★terrify v 吓恐怖
terrifyhorrify 恐惧（语吓者宾语吓者）
The thiefrobber terrified me
The snake terrified me
fearbe afraid of 害怕……（语）
frightenscare 吓跳（语物吓跳快恢复静语吓者宾语
吓者）
You frighten me 吓跳
★wit n（复数）理智头脑
out of one's wits 吓半死
The snake terrified me out of my wits
She was frightened out of her wits by the great fire 火吓惊慌失措
Are you out of your wits 疯？
beat sb to mummy 半死失理智惊慌失措
★variety n 品种（品种样性）
variety show 综艺节目
various all kinds of adj 种样
★crew n 全体工作员（指飞机船工作员）
staff n 办公室全体工作员
crew staff 属集合名词会做单数会做复数
★special
① adj 特殊特独特
He received special care while in Paris
② adj 专门特制专
Special cages are made to protect them from giant fish
Text
Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain but as the oceans have been overfished fish has become more and more expensive So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water have been frightened out of their wits by giant fish bumping into them as they work Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters The fish are not sharks or killer whales but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes sometimes as much as twelve feet in length Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs As a result the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water Who eats who
参考译文
油煎鱼加炸土豆片直英国喜爱道菜着海洋里滥捕滥捞鱼已变越越昂贵听说北海石油钻井台潜水员受巨型鱼类恐吓确实吃惊钻井台需常修理潜水员常常水面100英尺摸黑工作工作时撞身鱼吓惊惶失措现特制笼子保护免受鱼侵袭鱼鲨鱼逆戟鲸深受喜爱食鱼品种鳕鱼鳐鱼长出奇时长达 12 英尺鱼长 3素造成：海底热输油道附温暖海水钻井台工作员抛海里充足食物钻井台周围根没捕鱼船结果鱼爱温暖水流中吃呀吃长呀长究竟谁吃谁呢？
课文讲解
1What's for supper
What's for breakfast
I have eggsnothing for breakfast
2Fish and chips has always been a favourite dish in Britain but as the oceans have been overfished fish has become more and more expensive
fish and chips（鱼炸土豆片传统英国食物道菜）作整体然 chips 复数形式面动词单数形式
dish 里指盘菜菜肴 食 品 ：
I like French dishes 喜欢（吃）法国菜
Would you like a sweet dish 您盘甜食？
more and more 越越……（音节more and more 加原级）
more and more interesting
I love you more and more each day as time goes by
着时间流逝天越越爱
fatter and fatter 越越胖（单音节直接加er然 and 连接）
3So it comes as a surprise to learn that giant fish are terrifying the divers on North Sea oil rigs
it comes as a surprise + to do sth that 某事令惊讶
It comes as a surprise that it rainssnows
It comes as a surprise to have four ★Lessons in three hours
令吃惊表达：
① to one’s surprise
② The most surprising thing about it is that
③ get a surprise
④What a surprise it is
⑤It comes as a surprise + to do sth that
4Oil rigs have to be repaired frequently and divers who often have to work in darkness a hundred feet under water have been frightened out of their wits by giant fight bumping into them as they work
bump into
① 碰撞
Wandering in darkness the drunk bumped into a policeman
醉汉黑夜中闲荡时撞警察身
② 偶然遇见碰见（口语）
I bumped into Jane at the conference 开会时碰见简
5Now they have had special cages made to protect them from these monsters
protect sb from + n 保护……受侵害（protect常 fromagainst连）
This coat will protect you against the cold
He tried to protect the child from the rainthe dog
6The fish are not sharks or killer whales but favourite eating varieties like cod and skate which grow to unnatural sizes sometimes as much as twelve feet in length
not…but… …………
eating adj 供食宜生食
favourite eating variety 深受喜爱食品种
Eating corn is quite sweet 食玉米香甜
These are eating apples and those are cooking applesones
生吃苹果烹饪苹果
grow to 长
as much as ……样（限度）+ 数字
as much as five meters tall
as far as + 句
as far as I could get
长宽高深表达方式
①数词 + 量词 +adj
two feet deep
②数词 + 量词 + in + 名词
long length high height wide – width deep depth
two feet in depth
7Three factors have caused these fish to grow so large the warm water round the hot oil pipes under the sea the plentiful supply of food thrown overboard by the crews on the rigs the total absence of fishing boats around the oil rigs
cause sb to do sth 导致……
grow + adj 变……
grow large
plentiful supply of… ……充足供应
plentiful supply of moneyworkers
throw sth overboard throw away 扔掉
throw the rubbish overboard
total里表示完全彻底（相complete）
His letter is a total surprise to her
That girl is a total stranger to me
absence of 缺少存
These plants don’t grow well because of the absence of rainsunshine
total absence of… 完全没……
total absence of mind 心焉
The total absence of mind caused him to fail the exam
the total absence of order… 没秩序
8As a result the fish just eat and eat and grow and grow in the lovely warm water
as a result so 结果
He didn’t work hard at mathematics As a result he failed in the examination
as a result of because of ……
As a result of his hard work he succeeded
Special Difficulties
作整体and连接两名词
语and连接两名词时谓语通常复数形式：
An umbrella and a suitcase are still needed
名词常起连成整体（单位）成种复合名词仅固定词序面谓语动词通常单数形式类复合名词：bacon and eggs（咸肉鸡蛋）bread and butter（面包黄油）cheese and wine（奶酷葡萄酒）fish and chips（鱼油炸土豆片）a knife and fork（副刀叉）sausage(s) and mash（香肠土豆泥）通常作单数道菜套东西
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain
果两名词成分开东西动词复数：
Fish and chips make a good meal
★Lesson 91 Three men in a basket
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
balloon n 气球
royal adj 皇家
spy v 侦察
track n 轨迹踪迹
binoculars n 远镱
★spy v 侦察
① vi 暗中监视侦察（通常onupon连）
I noticed some policemen spying on the foreign tourists
② vt 发现见
She spied a cloud of smoke in the distance
He spied a stranger in his garden
③ n 间谍密探
He was once a spy for the policeBritish government
They have arrested three spies
Text
A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby He informed the station at once but no one there was able to explain the mystery The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars When the balloon was over the station the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs Soon afterwards the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield The police were called in but they could not arrest anyone for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station As the Commanding Officer explained later one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing
参考译文
飞行员发现气球正飞附皇家空军基马情况报告该基里没解释底回事控制塔官员知消息非常气愤气球飞机造成极危险说正基进行侦察命令飞行员踪奇怪飞行物飞行员设法绕着气球飞阵清气球面 3呆筐里中举着远镜气球飞基空时飞行员见拍久气球开始降落停机坪附着陆警察召逮捕筐里两名国会议员名基指挥官正指挥官解释样基半边知道半边正干什
课文讲解
1A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby
seem to be doing sth 似正做……
She seems to be looking for somebodysomething
make for 走飞……前进
After leaving Calais the ship made for Dover
2He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object
keep track of 踪追踪保持联系记录（反义词lose track of）
Keep track of the man wearing a grey hat He looks suspicious to me
She managed to keep track of her friends
3He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars
make out （勉强）出辨认出听出
I can’t make out the boss’s handwriting
In the darkness of night he could just make out three men coming toward them
4The police were called in but they could not arrest anyone for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station
call in 召
When he discovered that some important thins were missing in his room he called the police in
Sam has a temperature We’d better call in a doctor
Special Difficulties
make连短语
make out
① 写出填写（相write out）
He made out a cheque of 1000 dollars and gave it to the secretary
②（勉强）出辨认出听出理解
Can you make out what they are talking about
I can’t make out the boss’s handwriting
Jane is angry again Sometimes I can’t make her out at all Her moods change quickly
I could not make out what he said
make up
① 编造捏造虚构
Every time he played truant Tom would make up an excuse
②（……）化妆化装
She always makes herself upmakes up her face before going out
Making up takes up a lot of her time
make up for 补偿弥补
I had to walk faster to make up for lost time
She managed to make up for her mistake
make for （匆匆）走……前进
While the thief was making for his car a policeman stopped him
★Lesson 92 Asking for trouble
New words and expressions生词短语（5）
fast adv 熟（睡）
ladder n 梯子
shed n 棚子
sarcastic adj 讽刺讥笑
tone n 语气腔调
★tone n 语气腔调
① n 语气口气腔调
The policeman answered in a sarcastic tone
② n 语调声调
You should use the risingfalling tone at the end of this sentence
③ n 格调风格气氛
Her dress has a bright tone
The building has a foreign tone
Text
It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell but she was fast asleep so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden put it against the wall and began climbing towards the bedroom window I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said 'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night' I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman I immediately regretted answering in the way I did but I said 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night' 'So do I' answered the policeman in the same tone 'Excuse my interrupting you I hate to interrupt a man when he's busy working but would you mind coming with me to the station' 'Well I'd prefer to stay here' I said 'You see I've forgotten my key' 'Your what' he called 'My key' I shouted Fortunately the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me
参考译文
回家时肯定已凌晨两点左右响门铃试图唤醒妻子睡熟花园棚里搬梯子墙边开始卧室窗口爬快爬窗口时面讽刺口吻说： 必 夜 里 时 候 擦 窗 子 吧 面清警察时差点梯子掉回答话马悔该样说样说： 喜欢夜里擦窗子 警察样声调回答请原谅断您忙着干活时愿意断请您警察局趟？ 更愿意呆说您瞧忘带钥匙 什？声问 钥匙喊道 幸运喊声惊醒妻子警察开始爬时开窗子
课文讲解
1Asking for trouble
ask for trouble 找麻烦计苦吃（口语）
The boss seems to be annoyed To talk to him now is to ask for trouble
2I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night
动词thinkbelieveexpectsuppose等接表示否定意思宾语句时通常句中否定形式译成汉语时否定意义宾语句中
I don’t believe he is still in London
need表示需时面接动名词动含义
need cleaning need to be cleaned
3I immediately regretted answering in the way I did but I said 'I enjoy cleaning windows at night'
regret doing sth 悔做……（已发生事情表示悔）
I regretted saying it almost at once
regret to do sth 遗憾……（现发生事表示抱歉）
We regret to inform you that you needn’t come here next week
rememberforget +to do sth 指末动作
I remembered to post the letters 记着邮信（ 没 忘 记 ）
I forgot to ask Tom 忘问汤姆
rememberforget doing sth 指动作（已发生）
I remember postinghaving posted the letters
Have you forgotten meetinghaving met her at a party
忘记次聚会见？
stop to do sth 指目
On the way to the station I stopped to buy a paper
stop doing sth 停正做动作
When he told us the story we just couldn’t stop laughing
Special Difficulties
列补充句反应句soneithernor
soneithernor 列补充句表示反应句子时表示样so肯定句neithernor 否定句面省略形式分句助动词+语情态助动词+语：
John can speak French and so can I
I didn’t got to the meeting last night
NeitherNor did I
You shouldn’t work so hard and nor should I
★Lesson 93 A noble gift
New words and expressions生词短语（13）
noble adj 高尚壮丽
monument n 纪念碑
statue n 雕
liberty n
present v 赠送
sculptor n 雕刻家
actual adj 实际真实
copper n 铜
support v 支持支撑
framework n 构架框架
transport v 运送
site n 场
pedestal n 底座
★support v 支持支撑
① vt 支持支撑（某具体东西）
The actual figure was supported by a metal framework
Feeling weak she supported herself against a desk and rested for a short time
② vt 拥护赞成支持（想法等）
He made the right decision Unfortunately nobody supported him
I supported his opinion that another bridge should be built over the river
③ vt 抚养供养赡养
You need a high income these days to support a large family
My son can support himself now
Text
One of the most famous monuments in the world the Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France The great statue which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi took ten years to complete The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel Before it could be transported to the United States a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour By 1884 a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris The following year it was taken to pieces and sent to America By the end of October 1886 the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi Ever since then the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America
参考译文
世界著名纪念碑女神雕19世纪时法国民赠送美国座雕家奥古斯特巴索尔设计巨雕 10 年时间雕刻成座雕体铜制成艾菲尔特制金属框架支撑着雕运美国前必须选块场时必须建造基座场选纽约港入口处鸟 1884 年座高度达 151 英尺雕巴黎竖立起第二年拆成干块运美国 1886年10月底座雕重新组装起巴索尔正式赠送美国民时起座伟纪念碑通纽约港进入美国定居千百万说直象征
课文讲解
1One of the most famous monuments in the world the Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France
the Statue of Liberty 女神
the people指某国家民指复数时通常加 the
A lot of Few people went to their wedding
2The following year it was taken to pieces and sent to America
take…to pieces ……拆卸开拆散
This machine is too large to be transported in whole It has to be taken to pieces first
3By the end of October 1886 the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi
put…together ……装配起（take…to piece反义词）
I can’t put the broken vase together 法碎花瓶重新拼起
4Ever since then the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America
ever since then
make one’s home in… ……安家落户
Ian (has) left England and made his home in China
Special Difficulties
形音词
许词作名词作动作词词类时发音尤重音位置会变化词：
accent v 重读 n 重音
conduct v 指挥导电 n 行
conflict v 突 n 突
contest v 争夺竞争 n 赛
contrast v 形成 n
export v 输出出口 n 出口
increase v 增加 n 增加
insult v 侮辱 n 侮辱
present v 赠送 n 礼物
product v 生产 n 农产品
protest v 抗议 n 抗议
record v 记录录音 n 记录唱片
refuse v 拒绝 n 垃圾
transport v 运输运送 n 运输
★Lesson 94 Future champions
New words and expressions生词短语（9）
instruct v 指导传授
Los Angeles 洛杉矶
reluctant adj 勉强愿意
weight n 重物
underwater adj 水
tricycle n 三轮车
compete v 赛抗
yard n 码
gasp v 喘气
★instruct v 指导传授
① vt 指导教传授
Children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age
Dan instructs chemistry at a nearby college
vt ② 批示命令吩咐
The doctor instructed Jimmy to stay in bed for a week
I’ve been instructed to give you this parcel
★compete v 赛抗
vi ①赛抗（通常withagainst连）
The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool
During the singing contest Mary competed with Helen for the first prize
vi ② 匹敌媲美（通常with连否定句）
Hugh’s house can’t compete with yours
None of his later books can compete with his first one
Text
Experiments have proved that children can be instructed in swimming at a very early age At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool Many pedal their tricycles but most of them prefer to push or drag them Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell Meanwhile they should encourage those among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air
参考译文
实验证明童时候开始学游泳洛杉矶特设游泳池里孩子甚没学会走路时已熟练水屏住呼吸两月婴未显愿意入水快便适应游泳致捡起池底物品幼游泳运动员非常喜爱种游戏水三轮车赛三轮车排放7英尺深游泳池底孩子赛谁先达游泳池端孩子脚蹬车数孩子更愿意推拉着三轮车孩子够跑完游泳池全长露出水面换气否成奥林匹克冠军时间作出回答时中游 5 码已喘气应该种鼓舞
课文讲解
1At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles children become expert at holding their breath under water even before they can walk
expert atin doing sth ……方面专家熟练者
Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
Last night when I heard a strange noise coming from the bar I held my breath and listened carefully
2It is not long before they are so accustomed to swimming that they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool
not long before 久快
be accustomed to ndoing sth 惯适应
He soon became accustomed to his new job
My mother is accustomed to getting up early
3A game that is very popular with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race
be popular with… 深受……欢迎……喜爱
Mary is popular withamong children
Swimming is popular with these girls
4Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water
line up （）排成行排队
Why are people lining up over there
Line these chairs up please
5The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool
compete against ……竞争……抗衡
6Some children can cover the whole length of the pool without coming up for breath even once
come up for breath 升水面换气
7Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell
倒装句宾语句置句首通常疑问词引导宾语句会种句型：
What made him do it no one knows
How they found out the truth only George can tell
★Lesson 95 A fantasy
New words and expressions生词短语（12）
fantasy n 幻想事
ambassador n
Escalopia n 艾斯卡罗亚（虚构国名）
frightful adj 怕令吃惊
fire extinguisher 灭火器
drily adv 冷淡枯燥味
embassy n 馆
heaven n 天天堂
basement n 室
definitely adv 肯定
post v 派
shot n 子弹
★post v 派
vt ①派委派（连）
I must definitely get that fellow posted
Two months ago Horst was posted to Paris
vt ②邮寄（物连美语 mail）
He posted me a Christmas card last year
Would you please post this parcel for me
★aim
vt ①&vi（……）瞄准准
He aimed a fire extinguisher at me
He aimed at the dog but missed
vi ②目标志
What he aims for is money 追求金钱
She aims to be a painter
n ③目目标志
What is your aim in life
You’ve missed your aim again
Text
When the Ambassador of Escalopia returned home for lunch his wife got a shock He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state 'What has happened' she asked 'How did your clothes get into such a mess' 'A fire extinguisher my dear' answered the Ambassador drily 'University students set the Embassy on fire this morning' 'Good heavens' exclaimed his wife 'And where were you at the time' 'I was in my office as usual' answered the Ambassador 'The fire broke out in the basement I went down immediately of course and that fool Horst aimed a fire extinguisher at me He thought I was on fire I must definitely get that fellow posted' The Ambassador's wife went on asking questions when she suddenly noticed a big hole in her husband's hat 'And how can you explain that' she asked 'Oh that' said the Ambassador'Someone fired a shot through my office window Accurate don't you think Fortunately I wasn't wearing it at the time If I had been I would not have been able to get home for lunch'
参考译文
艾斯卡罗亚国回家吃午饭时夫吓跳面色苍白衣服搞成样子 发生什事？问衣服搞塌糊涂？ 灭火器弄亲爱冷冷回答天午学生放火点着馆 天啊夫惊时什方？ 常样办公室里回答说室突然着火然马傻瓜霍斯特灭火器准认着火定家伙发走 夫继续提出问题突然发现丈夫帽子洞 作解释呢？问 嘛说办公室窗户开枪真够准？幸亏时没戴帽子果真戴着现回家吃午饭
课文讲解
1How did your clothes get into such a mess
get into a mess 搞样糟
When she returned from the market the children had got the room into a terrible mess
Why was her hair in such a mess
2University students set the Embassy on fire this morning
set…on fire 放火……燃烧放火烧……
In 1834 someone set the Houses of Parliament on fire
3The fire broke out in the basement
break out （火灾战争等）突然发生爆发
When the fire broke out in the ship Sally was frightened out of her wits
4I went down immediately of course and that fool Horst aimed a fire extinguisher at me
aim…at ……瞄准
5Someone fired a shot through my office window
fire v 发射（枪弹等）
When the prisoner of war tried to escape a guard fired a gun at him
A young man fired on the British Ambassador to Japan
★Lesson 96 The dead return
New words and expressions生词短语（3）
festival n 节日
lantern n 灯笼
spectacle n 景象壮观场面
★drift
vi ①漂流漂移
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea
The boat drifted gently across the water
vi ②漂泊游荡
He has lost his job and just drifts in the city all day long
He drifted from France to Italy
★guide
① vt ……领路
The old man guided the explorers through the forest
These lanterns will guide the dead on their return journey to the other world
vt ② 指导（……行动）影响（……决策等）
We should be always guided by truth 应该永远受真理指导
Don’t let your wife’s opinion guide your actions
Text
A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan This festival is a cheerful occasion for on this day the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey food is laid out for them Speciallymade lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way All night long people dance and sing In the early morning the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it In towns that are near the sea the tiny lanterns which had been hung in the streets the night before are placed into the water when the festival is over Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world This is a moving spectacle for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more
参考译文
日年次亡灵节节日欢乐日子天说死回家里活着表示欢迎预料长途旅行会感饥饿摆放食品特制灯笼挂家门外帮助亡灵清道路整夜晚载歌载舞早便死者摆放食品扔进河中海里认活着吃东西吉利海城镇中头天夜里挂街巷灯笼节放水里成千万灯笼慢慢漂海指引着亡灵返回世界感场面成群伫立海岸注视着灯笼远直见止
课文讲解
harm n & vt 损害危害1A Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan
n 快车速递The deadthe living均定冠词+形容词结构表示某类
otherwise conj 否然2As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey food is laid out for them
lay out 摆放展示摆设摊开
Don’t lay out your clothes on the bed Put them away
3All night long people dance and sing
ahead of ……前面all night long 整夜（long副词表示整整段期间中常all连）
It snowed all day long
in one’s turn 轮某接着 She stayed with her grandfather all summer long
4Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world
△leftover n 剩余物残留物剩饭the other world 世界阴间
Carla n 卡拉（女名） She believes that she will meet her dead parents in the other world
as far as one is concerned ……言the next world the world to come 世
(英国动物学家)5This is a moving spectacle for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more
vt 转换moving adj 动感
a moving spectacle 感场面
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