2019年6月英语六级真题试卷（第套）
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of
team spirit and communication in the workplace You can cite examples to illustrate
your viewsYou should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1 A) A six monthlong negotiation B) Preparations for the party
C) A project with a troublesome client D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues
2 A) Take wedding photos B) Advertise her company
C) Start a small business D) Throw a celebration party
3 A) Hesitant B) Nervous
C) Flattered D) Surprised
4 A) Start her own bakery B) Improve her baking skill
C) Share her cooking experience D) Prepare for the wedding
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard
5 A) They have to spend more time studying B) They have to participate in club activities
C) They have to be more responsible for what they do
D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline
6 A) Get ready for a career B) Make a lot of friends
C) Set a longterm goal D) Behave like adults
7 A) Those who share her academic interests B) Those who respect her student commitments
C) Those who can help her when she is in need D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does
8 A) Those helpful for tapping their potential B)Those conducive to improving their social skills
C)Those helpful for cultivating individual interests D)Those conducive to their academic studies
Section B
DirectionsIn this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking
B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else
C) They are good at refining old formulas
D) They bring their potential into full play
10 A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide
B) They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing techniques
C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles
D) They made explosive news in the sports world
11 A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports
B)He competed in all major skiing events in the world
C)He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics
D)He broke three world skiing records in three years
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
12 A) They appear restless B) They lose consciousness
C) They become upset D) They die almost instantly
13 A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry B)It keeps returning to you every now and then
C)It leaves you with a long lasting impression D)It contributes to the shaping of you mind
14 A) To succeed while feeling irritated B) To feel happy without good health
C) To be free from frustration and failure D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods
15 A) They are closely connected B) They function in a similar way
C) They are too complex to understand D) They reinforce each other constantly
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
16 A) They differ in their appreciation of music B) They focus their attention on different things
C) They finger the piano keys in different ways D) They choose different pieces of music to play
17 A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates
B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors
C) They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations
D) They attach great importance to high performance
18 A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science B) It adopts a conventional approach to research
C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom D) It gives rise to controversy among experts
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard
19 A) People’s envy of slim models B) People’s craze for good health
C) The increasing range of fancy products D) The great variety of slimming products
20 A) They appear vigorous B) They appear strange
C)They look charming D) They look unhealthy
21A) Culture and upbringing B) Wealth and social status
C)Peer pressure D) Media influence
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
22 A) The relation between hair and skin B) The growing interest in skin studies
C)The color of human skin D) The need of skin protection
23 A) The necessity to save energy B) Adaptation to the hot environment
C)The need to breathe with ease D)Dramatic climate changes on earth
24 A) Leaves and grass B) Manmade shelter
C)Their skin coloring D) Hair on their skin
25A) Their genetic makeup began to change B)Their communities began to grow steadily
C)Their children began to mix with each other D)Their pace of evolution began to quicken
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage
Pasta is no longer off the menu after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet and even help people lose weight For years nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 to cut calories prevent fat buildup and stop blood sugar 27 up
The lowcarbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins Paleo and Keto which advised swapping foods like bread pasta and potatoes for vegetables fish and meat More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by cleaneating experts
But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other more ftpromoting carbohydrates
The study found that pasta didn’t 3 to weight gain or increase in body fat said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper In 32 the evidence we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern In fact analysis actually showed a small weigh loss 34 to concerns perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet
Those involved in the 35 trials on average ate 33 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates one serving equaling around half a cup They lost around half a kilogram over an average followup of 12 weeks
A) adverse B) championed C clinical D) contrary E) contribute F) intimate
G) lumped H) magnified D) minimum J) radiating K) ration L) shooting
M) subscribe N) systematic O) weighing
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks
A) Retail profits are falling sharply Stores are closing Malls are emptying The depressing stories just keep coming Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s Nordstrom and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages Sure enough the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 152 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016
B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks there are more facts you should consider Looking only at that 152 percent surge would be misleading It was an increase that was on a small base of 69 percent Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms it is often still tiny
C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 923 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016 Their data show that only 08 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016
D) So despite all the talk about drone (机) deliveries to your doorstep all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a huge antitrust problem the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving Of course the closed stores depressed executives and sinking stocks suggest otherwise What＇s the real story
E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble The retail industry is getting reinvented as we describe in our new book Matchmakers It＇s standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (风) of creative destruction That storm has been brewing for some time and as it has reached gale force most large retailers are searching for a response As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently We’re frankly scratching our heads
F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted In the peak of the dot com bubble brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to killand quickly The
dotcorn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed onventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales And then the gale hit
G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internetconnected tools to change how they search shop and buy Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory to marketing to getting paid
H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep Apple’s massively successful brickandmortarandglass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep oldfashioned retailers awake at night Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers like Bonobos that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways
I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process and it’s also not happening on what used to be called Internet Time Some internetdriven changes have happened quickly of course Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick and some haven’t really started With the benefit of hindsight (见明) it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity B2B commerce for example didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000 nor even by 2016 but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades
J) But the gale is still blowing The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales is a critical warning People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing
K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention Even five years ago most people faced a choice Sit at your computer probably at home or at the office search and browse and buy Or head out to the mall or Main Street look and shop and buy Now just about everyone has a smartphone connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby
L) So far the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivalsMany are having the same problem that newspapers have Even if they get online traffic they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline
M) A few seem to be making this workAmong large traditional retailers Walmart recently reported the best results leading its stock price to surge while Macy’s Target and Nordstrom’s dropped Yet Walmart’s yearoveryear online sales only grew 7 percent leading its CEO to lament (哀叹) Growth here is too slowPart of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the oneclick patent the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictionsA recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop buy and payAlmost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B
N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data Unfortunately part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliableOur deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problemsIt seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online salesIt is certain that the Census procedures which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart withnonstore retailers1ike food truckscan mask major changes in individual retail categoriesThe bureau could easily present their data in more useful waysbut they have chosen not to
O) Despite the turmoil brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soonThe big questions are which if any of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail categoryInvestors shouldn’t write off brick and mortarWhether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter
36Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers according to a recent survey
37Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models
38Despite what the Census data suggest the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping
39Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn’t take place as quickly as widely anticipated
40 Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business
41 Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers
42Brick and mortar retailers’ faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst
43 Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time
44 With the rise of online commerce physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages
45 The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be either the best or the worst thing ever to happen to humanity and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University a multidisciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the openended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research We spend a great deal of time studyin history Hawking said which let’s face it is mostly the history of stupidity So its a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence
While the worldrenowned physicist has often been cautious about AI raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a superintelligence with a will of its own he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge he said We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last oneindustrialisation And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty And every aspect of our lives will be transformed In short success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation
Huw Price the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University where Hawking is also an academic said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity while the LCFI has a narrow focus
AI pioneer Margaret Boden professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex praised the progress of such discussions As recently as 2009 she said the topic wasn’t taken seriously even among AI researchers AI is hugely exciting she said but it has limitations which present grave dangers given uncritical use
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits A number of pioneers from the technology industry most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a superintelligent AI could do to humanity
46 What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities
D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence
47 What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI
A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind
D) It was an achievement of multidisciplinary collaboration
48 What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity
49 What concerns did Hawking raise about AI
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later
B) It may ultimately overamplify the human mind
C) Superintelligence may cause its own destruction
D) Superintelligence may eventually ruin mankind
50 What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry
A) They are much influenced by the academic community
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach 30 billion by next year and startups (初创公司) want in on the action What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products So Brookdale the country’s largest owner of retirement communities has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days show off their products and hear what the residents have to say
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez 28 all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance California Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab The startup’s product SentabTV enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control
It’s nothing new it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotessays Rodriguez
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room Instead Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon Playing cards was on the agenda as well as learning to play mahjong (麻)
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something I’ve had more feedback in a passive approachhe says Playing pool playing cards having dinner having lunchall work better than going through a survey of questions When they get to know me and to trust me knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1100 senior living communities Other new products in the program have included a kind of fullbody blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves
Mary Lou Busch 93 agreed to try the Sentab system She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone but not for her
I have the computer and FaceTime which I talk with my family onshe explains She also has an iPad and a smartphone So I do pretty much everything I need to do
To be fair if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术) seniors he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor Many residents have backgrounds in engineering business and academic circles
But Rodriguez says he＇s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community People are more techproficient than we thought
And besides where else would he learn to play mahjong
51 What does the passage say about the startups
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors
52 Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
53 What do we know about SentabTV
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer
54 What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products
A) Winning trust from prospective customers
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback
55 What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab
B) They are quite at ease with hightech products
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into EnglishYou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
成语(Chinese idioms)汉语中种独特表达方式四汉字组成高度简练形式固定通常形象表达深刻含义成语数源中国古代文学作品通常某神话传说者历史事件关果知道某成语出处难理解确切含义学成语助更理解中国传统文化成语日常会话文学创作中广泛恰成语语言更具表现力交流更效
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Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of
team spirit and communication in the workplace You can cite examples to illustrate
your viewsYou should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1 A) A six monthlong negotiation B) Preparations for the party
C) A project with a troublesome client D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues
2 A) Take wedding photos B) Advertise her company
C) Start a small business D) Throw a celebration party
3 A) Hesitant B) Nervous
C) Flattered D) Surprised
4 A) Start her own bakery B) Improve her baking skill
C) Share her cooking experience D) Prepare for the wedding
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard
5 A) They have to spend more time studying B) They have to participate in club activities
C) They have to be more responsible for what they do
D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline
6 A) Get ready for a career B) Make a lot of friends
C) Set a longterm goal D) Behave like adults
7 A) Those who share her academic interests B) Those who respect her student commitments
C) Those who can help her when she is in need D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does
8 A) Those helpful for tapping their potential B)Those conducive to improving their social skills
C)Those helpful for cultivating individual interests D)Those conducive to their academic studies
Section B
DirectionsIn this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9A) They break away from traditional ways of thinking
B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else
C) They are good at refining old formulas
D) They bring their potential into full play
10 A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide
B) They resulted in a brandnew style of skiing techniques
C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles
D) They made explosive news in the sports world
11 A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports
B)He competed in all major skiing events in the world
C)He won three gold medals in one Winter Olympics
D)He broke three world skiing records in three years
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
12 A) They appear restless B) They lose consciousness
C) They become upset D) They die almost instantly
13 A) It has an instant effect on your body chemistry B)It keeps returning to you every now and then
C)It leaves you with a long lasting impression D)It contributes to the shaping of you mind
14 A) To succeed while feeling irritated B) To feel happy without good health
C) To be free from frustration and failure D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods
15 A) They are closely connected B) They function in a similar way
C) They are too complex to understand D) They reinforce each other constantly
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
16 A) They differ in their appreciation of music B) They focus their attention on different things
C) They finger the piano keys in different ways D) They choose different pieces of music to play
17 A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates
B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors
C) They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations
D) They attach great importance to high performance
18 A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science B) It adopts a conventional approach to research
C) It supports a piece of conventional wisdom D) It gives rise to controversy among experts
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard
19 A) People’s envy of slim models B) People’s craze for good health
C) The increasing range of fancy products D) The great variety of slimming products
20 A) They appear vigorous B) They appear strange
C)They look charming D) They look unhealthy
21A) Culture and upbringing B) Wealth and social status
C)Peer pressure D) Media influence
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
22 A) The relation between hair and skin B) The growing interest in skin studies
C)The color of human skin D) The need of skin protection
23 A) The necessity to save energy B) Adaptation to the hot environment
C)The need to breathe with ease D)Dramatic climate changes on earth
24 A) Leaves and grass B) Manmade shelter
C)Their skin coloring D) Hair on their skin
25A) Their genetic makeup began to change B)Their communities began to grow steadily
C)Their children began to mix with each other D)Their pace of evolution began to quicken
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage
Pasta is no longer off the menu after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of a healthy diet and even help people lose weight For years nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a 26 to cut calories prevent fat buildup and stop blood sugar 27 up
The lowcarbohydrate food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins Paleo and Keto which advised swapping foods like bread pasta and potatoes for vegetables fish and meat More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been 28 by cleaneating experts
But now a 29 review and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been 30 in with other more ftpromoting carbohydrates
The study found that pasta didn’t 3 to weight gain or increase in body fat said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper In 32 the evidence we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an 33 effect on body weigh outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern In fact analysis actually showed a small weigh loss 34 to concerns perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet
Those involved in the 35 trials on average ate 33 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates one serving equaling around half a cup They lost around half a kilogram over an average followup of 12 weeks
A) adverse B) championed C clinical D) contrary E) contribute F) intimate
G) lumped H) magnified D) minimum J) radiating K) ration L) shooting
M) subscribe N) systematic O) weighing
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The Best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks
A) Retail profits are falling sharply Stores are closing Malls are emptying The depressing stories just keep coming Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy’s Nordstrom and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit The interact is apparently taking down yet another industry Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages Sure enough the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 152 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016
B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks there are more facts you should consider Looking only at that 152 percent surge would be misleading It was an increase that was on a small base of 69 percent Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms it is often still tiny
C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 923 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016 Their data show that only 08 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016
D) So despite all the talk about drone (机) deliveries to your doorstep all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a huge antitrust problem the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving Of course the closed stores depressed executives and sinking stocks suggest otherwise What＇s the real story
E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble The retail industry is getting reinvented as we describe in our new book Matchmakers It＇s standing in the Path of what Schumpeter called a gale (风) of creative destruction That storm has been brewing for some time and as it has reached gale force most large retailers are searching for a response As the CFO of Macy’s put it recently We’re frankly scratching our heads
F) But it’s not happening as experts predicted In the peak of the dot com bubble brick and mortar retail was one of those industries the internet was going to killand quickly The
dotcorn bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed onventional retailers’ confidence in the future increased as Census continued to report weak online sales And then the gale hit
G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn’t a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internetconnected tools to change how they search shop and buy Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory to marketing to getting paid
H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep Apple’s massively successful brickandmortarandglass retail stores and Amazon’s small steps in the same direction are what should keep oldfashioned retailers awake at night Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers like Bonobos that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways
I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process and it’s also not happening on what used to be called Internet Time Some internetdriven changes have happened quickly of course Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down But many widely anticipated changes weren’t quick and some haven’t really started With the benefit of hindsight (见明) it looks like the interact will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity B2B commerce for example didn’t move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000 nor even by 2016 but that doesn’t mean it won’t do so over the next few decades
J) But the gale is still blowing The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years even though it hasn’t been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales is a critical warning People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don’t need to go to as many stores to find what they want There’s a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing
K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention Even five years ago most people faced a choice Sit at your computer probably at home or at the office search and browse and buy Or head out to the mall or Main Street look and shop and buy Now just about everyone has a smartphone connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store she can easily see if there’s a better deal online or at another store nearby
L) So far the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivalsMany are having the same problem that newspapers have Even if they get online traffic they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline
M) A few seem to be making this workAmong large traditional retailers Walmart recently reported the best results leading its stock price to surge while Macy’s Target and Nordstrom’s dropped Yet Walmart’s yearoveryear online sales only grew 7 percent leading its CEO to lament (哀叹) Growth here is too slowPart of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon filed the oneclick patent the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictionsA recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop buy and payAlmost half of the sites didn’t get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B
N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data Unfortunately part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliableOur deep 100k into those data and their preparation revealed serious problemsIt seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online salesIt is certain that the Census procedures which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart withnonstore retailers1ike food truckscan mask major changes in individual retail categoriesThe bureau could easily present their data in more useful waysbut they have chosen not to
O) Despite the turmoil brick and mortar won’t disappear any time soonThe big questions are which if any of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail categoryInvestors shouldn’t write off brick and mortarWhether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter
36Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers according to a recent survey
37Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models
38Despite what the Census data suggest the value of physical retail’s stocks has been dropping
39Innovative—driven changes in the retail industry didn’t take place as quickly as widely anticipated
40 Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion’s share of the retail business
41 Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers
42Brick and mortar retailers’ faith in their business was strengthened when the dot com bubble burst
43 Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time
44 With the rise of online commerce physical retail stores are likely to suffer the same fate as i the yellow pages
45 The wide use of smartphones has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artifcial intelligence (AI) will be either the best or the worst thing ever to happen to humanity and praised the creation of an academic institute dedicated to researching the future of intelligence as crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence(LCFI) at Cambridge University a multidisciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the openended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research We spend a great deal of time studyin history Hawking said which let’s face it is mostly the history of stupidity So its a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence
While the worldrenowned physicist has often been cautious about AI raising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a superintelligence with a will of its own he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge he said We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last oneindustrialisation And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty And every aspect of our lives will be transformed In short success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation
Huw Price the centre’s academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University where Hawking is also an academic said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university’s Centre for Existential Risk That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity while the LCFI has a narrow focus
AI pioneer Margaret Boden professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex praised the progress of such discussions As recently as 2009 she said the topic wasn’t taken seriously even among AI researchers AI is hugely exciting she said but it has limitations which present grave dangers given uncritical use
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits A number of pioneers from the technology industry most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a superintelligent AI could do to humanity
46 What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence
A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation
B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making
C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities
D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence
47 What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI
A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research
B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry
C) It was extremely important to the destiny of humankind
D) It was an achievement of multidisciplinary collaboration
48 What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research
A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future
B) The shift of research from theory to implementation
C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI
D) The increasing awareness of mankind’s past stupidity
49 What concerns did Hawking raise about AI
A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later
B) It may ultimately overamplify the human mind
C) Superintelligence may cause its own destruction
D) Superintelligence may eventually ruin mankind
50 What do we learn about some entrepreneurs from the technology industry
A) They are much influenced by the academic community
B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development
C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics
D) They believe they can keep AI under human control
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach 30 billion by next year and startups (初创公司) want in on the action What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products So Brookdale the country’s largest owner of retirement communities has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days show off their products and hear what the residents have to say
That’s what brought Dayle Rodriguez 28 all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance California Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab The startup’s product SentabTV enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control
It’s nothing new it’s nothing too complicated and it’s natural because lots of people have TV remotessays Rodriguez
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room Instead Rodriguez solicits residents’ advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon Playing cards was on the agenda as well as learning to play mahjong (麻)
Rodriguez says it’s important that residents here don’t feel like he’s selling them something I’ve had more feedback in a passive approachhe says Playing pool playing cards having dinner having lunchall work better than going through a survey of questions When they get to know me and to trust me knowing for sure I’m not selling them something—there’ll be more honest feedback from them
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale’s 1100 senior living communities Other new products in the program have included a kind of fullbody blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves
Mary Lou Busch 93 agreed to try the Sentab system She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone but not for her
I have the computer and FaceTime which I talk with my family onshe explains She also has an iPad and a smartphone So I do pretty much everything I need to do
To be fair if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术) seniors he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community This one is located in the heart of Southern California’s aerospace corridor Many residents have backgrounds in engineering business and academic circles
But Rodriguez says he＇s still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community People are more techproficient than we thought
And besides where else would he learn to play mahjong
51 What does the passage say about the startups
A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors
B) They want to have a share of the seniors’ goods market
C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products
D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors
52 Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to
A) have an interview with potential customers
B) conduct a survey of retirement communities
C) collect residents’ feedback on their products
D) show senior residents how to use IT products
53 What do we know about SentabTV
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly
B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors
C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs
D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer
54 What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products
A) Winning trust from prospective customers
B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers
C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot
D) Responding promptly to customer feedback
55 What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community
A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab
B) They are quite at ease with hightech products
C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere
D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into EnglishYou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
成语(Chinese idioms)汉语中种独特表达方式四汉字组成高度简练形式固定通常形象表达深刻含义成语数源中国古代文学作品通常某神话传说者历史事件关果知道某成语出处难理解确切含义学成语助更理解中国传统文化成语日常会话文学创作中广泛恰成语语言更具表现力交流更效
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