英国文学简史期末考试复点刘炳善版(英语专业三必备)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works
中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）
• 贝奥武甫（Beowulf）
• 高文爵士绿衣骑士（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )
杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)
英国诗歌父（Father of English Poetry）
坎特伯雷事（The Canterbury Tales ）
二文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪期—17世纪初）
• 托马斯·莫尔 （Thomas More ）
乌托邦（Utopia）
• 埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）
仙（The Faerie Queene)
• 弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）
说文集（Essays)
克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe
• 帖木帝（Tamburlaine）
• 浮士德博士悲剧（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr Faustus）
• 马耳岛犹太（The Jew of Malta ）
威廉·莎士亚William Shakespeare
喜剧仲夏夜梦（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）威尼斯商（The Merchant of Venice）
悲剧罗密欧朱丽叶（Romeo and Juliet）哈姆莱特（Hamlet）奥赛罗（Othello）李尔王（King Lear）麦克白（Macbeth）
历史剧亨利四世（Henry IV）
传奇剧暴风雨（The Tempest）
·琼生 Ben Johnson
• 高兴（Every Man in His Humor）
• 狐狸（Volpone）
• 练金术士（The Alchemist ）
三17世纪文学
约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton
失乐园（Paradise Lost）
复乐园（Paradise Regained）
诗剧力士参孙（Samson Agonistes）
• 约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）
天路历程（The Pilgrim’s Progress）
• 威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）
爱爱（Love for Love）
世道（The Way of the World ）
四启蒙时期文学（17世纪期—18世纪中期）
18世纪初新古典义成时尚新古典义推崇理性强调明晰称节制优雅追求艺术形式完美谐亚历山·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）新古典义诗歌代表
• 乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift
格列佛
• 丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国说父
鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe）
• 亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding
汤姆·琼斯（Tom Jones）
• 乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift
格列佛游记 Gulliver’s Travels
• 丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国说父
鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe）
• 亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding
汤姆·琼斯（Tom Jones）
• 奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsmith
荒村（The Deserted Village）
• 詹姆斯·汤姆逊James Thomson
四季歌（The Seasons）
• 威廉·柯林斯 William Collins
黄昏颂（Ode to Evening）
• 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray
墓园哀歌（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ）
五浪漫义时期文学（17981832）
• 罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns
• 威廉·布莱克 William Blake
• 威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth
• 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge
抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads ）
· ByronShelleyKeats
六现实义时期文学（19世纪30年代1918）（维利亚时代18321901）
• 罗伯特·布朗宁 Robert Browning戏剧独白
皮帕走（Pippa Passes）
指环书（The Ring and the Book）
• 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson
悼念（In Memoriam A H H）
勃朗特三姐妹
• 夏洛蒂·勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte
简·爱（Jane Eyre）
• 艾米丽·勃朗特Emily Bronte
呼啸山庄（Wuthering Heights)
• 安妮·勃朗特 Anne Bronte
阿格尼斯·格雷（Agnes Grey）
托马斯·哈代 Thomas Hardy
• 德伯家苔丝
（Tess of the D’Urbervilles）
• 名裘德
（Jude the Obscure）
查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens
• 雾孤（Oliver Twist）
• 卫·科波菲尔（David Copperfield）
• 远前程（Great Expectations）
• 荒凉山庄（Bleak House）
• 双城记（A Tale of Two Cities）
Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485
贝奥武夫the national epic of the AngloSaxons
Epic long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes The style of epic is grand and elevated
eg Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
Artistic features
1 Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration a rhetorical device meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2 Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340()~1400
(首创双韵体英国文学史首先伦敦方言写作约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称英国诗歌父代表作坎特伯雷事集)
The father of English poetry
It is ____alone who for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive (综合广泛)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life ( A )
A Geoffrey Chaucer B Matin Luther C William Langland D John Gower
writing style wisdom humor humanity
①坎特伯雷事集：
first time to use heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
②特罗伊拉斯克莱希德
③声誉宫
Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form Romance(传奇事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学
（15世纪期—17世纪初）
A period of drama and poetry The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance
Renaissance the activity spirit or time of the great revival of art literature and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world
Two features
1 a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature
2 the keen interst in the activities of humanity
The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts
(1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe
(2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie
(3) to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival
1 new discoveries in geography and astrology
2 the religious reformation and economic expansion
3 rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson
English Renaissancethe early 16th century to the early 17th century
1 Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
（称诗诗） The poets’ poet The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
12 Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for the poet’s poet ( B )
A Spenser’s idealism B his struggle for criteria
C his love of beauty D his exquisite melody
①仙(for Queen Elizabeth)
The theme is not Arms and the man but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfull loves
Artistic features
1 Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanzaa stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc Eight lines in iambic pentameter and last line in iambic hexameter
②牧日历
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind
③爱情唱n
2 Thomasl More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①乌托邦n
3 Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
（哲学家散文家述探究知识著作中提出知识力量著名断代唯物义哲学奠基代实验科学先驱）
Philosopher scientist lay the foundation for modern science The first English essayistn
Writing stylebrevity compactness&powerfulness wellarranging and enriching by Biblical allusions metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason
①学术推进
②笔(famous quotas )n
The theme of Of Studies uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies
4 Ben Jonson
①
②狐狸
5 Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
University Wits the pioneer of English drama（完善韵体诗）
Blank verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
14 Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his mighty lines ( D )
A the Petrarchan sonnet B sestina
C terza rima D blank verse
①浮士德博士悲剧（根德国民间事书写成）
②帖木耳帝n
③马耳犹太
6 William Shakespeare威廉•莎士亚1564~1616l
① Historical plays Henry VI Henry IV Richard III Henry V Richard IIHenry VIII
②Four Comedies皆欢喜 第十二夜 仲夏夜梦 威尼斯商
③Four Tragedies哈姆莱特 奥赛罗 李尔王 麦克白
④Shakespeare Sonnet 154
Three quatrain and one couplet ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme
III The 17th Century17世纪文学
1 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗政家失明写 失乐园复乐园力士参孙）
①Epics失乐园n
复乐园
②Dramatic poem < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③出版n
英国民声辩
④失明
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde typical of Italian sonnet
Its theme is that people use their talent for God and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best
2 John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作天路历程宗教寓言誉具永恒意义百科全书英国文学史里程碑式著作丁神曲奥古斯丁忏悔录列世界三宗教题材文学杰作）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗)
①Religionary Allegory天路历程n
3 John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗)
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（语）the diction is simple the imagery is from the actual (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved with god or with himself（题：love religious thought）
Artistic features
1 conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2 syllogism三段
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction
IV The 18th Century启蒙时期文学（17世纪期—18世纪中期）
：Enlightenment时美国独立战争法国革命提供框架导致资义社会义兴起音乐史巴洛克时期艺术史新古典义时期时期
A revival of interest in the old classical works order logic restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of EnlightenmentReason the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries a progressive intellectual movement reason(rationality) equality&science(the 18th century)
说崛起：In the midcentury the newly literary form modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实义说)
Gothic novel(哥特式说)：mystery horror castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1 Alexander Pope亚历山•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国伟诗诗英雄双韵体 heroic couplets词句工整精练富哲理性）
As a representative of the Enlightenment Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England
Eg Among the representatives of the Enlightenment who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England ( C )
A John Bunyan B Daniel Defoe C Alexander Pope D Jonathan Swift
①批评n
Artistic features
1Using heroic couplets
②卷发遇劫记
③道德
n
愚记
2 Samuell Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary 英语词典n
3 Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出政家讽刺说家a master satirist）
①格列佛游记(fictional work)
Four parts
Lilliput 国 Brobdingnag 国
Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
建议n
②书战
③ 木桶事n
④麻布商书信
4 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
（说家新闻记者册子作者十八世纪英国现实义说奠基）l
He is the first writer study of the lowerclass people his language is smooth easy colloquial and mostly vernacular and he is the founder of realistic novel
①鲁宾逊漂流记
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened mantempered by numerous trials in his eventful life
It is an adventure story Robinson narrates how he goes to sea gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island struggles to live for 24years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England
②
③
④
5 Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国说家戏剧家誉英国说父 ）
He is called Father of English novel He was the first to write a Comic epic in prose(散文体史诗) and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style
① novels
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
约瑟夫•安德鲁
诗江奈生•威尔德
爱米利亚n
② plays
七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德英国n
6 Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems
旅游
荒村
② novel
威克菲尔德牧师传n
7 Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
①情敌n
②造谣学校
8 William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
①天真歌
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye
②验歌
A word of misery poverty disease war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes
Include
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③天堂狱婚姻n
9 Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言写诗
①约翰•安德生爱
② 朵红红玫瑰n
③昔时光
④ 套n
⑤心高原
⑥
⑦
V The Romantic Period浪漫义时期文学（17981832）
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s and end in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death
RomanticismIt emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind(应该独立体)
In it emotion over reason spontaneous emotion a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit poetry should be free from all rules imagination nature commonplace
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic)
The Lake Poets湖畔诗who lived in the lake district
William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Southey
1 William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（柯尔律治骚塞称湖畔派诗 The Lake Poets）
①抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge)
②
Theme1Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance It is nature that give him strength and knowledge fullof peace
2It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude
CommentThe poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights In the poem on the beauty of nature the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独割麦女
②序曲
2 Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①古舟子颂
②柯里斯塔贝尔
③忽必烈汗
Artistic features mysticism demonism with strong imagination a strange territory
④半夜冰霜
⑤忧郁颂
⑥抒情歌谣集(with William Wordsworth)
3 George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲狂热浪漫充满反抗精神心充满孤独苦闷蔑视群恰尔德·哈罗德拜伦诗歌中第拜伦式英雄）l
Byronic hero is a proud mysterious rebel figure of noble origin against tyrannical rules or moral principles
①唐•璜
恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记
该隐
②初俩分
4 Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•希•雪莱1792~1822
① Poetic Drama：解放普罗米修斯
Theme the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
②麦布女王
伊斯兰反叛
钦契家
诗辩
神必性
③ Lyrics
西风颂
Theme The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring This is a poem about renewal about the wind blowing life back into dead things implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle which only starts again when something dies
Comment Percy Bysshe Shelley＇s Ode to the West Wind is written in iambic pentameter It contains five sonnet length stanzas each with a closing couplet The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee The tone is poignant Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life
Artistic features
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
致云雀
5 Johnl Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821
(美真真美著名诗句)
① Four great odes希腊古瓮颂
夜莺颂
心灵颂
忧郁颂
②秋颂n
Theme The theme of John Keats＇ poem To Autumn is that change is both natural and beautiful The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader
Comment The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before Each of the poem＇s three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day
6 Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817l
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire
①理智感情
傲慢偏见(chapter I)
Elizabeth Bennet & Darcyin the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved
Collins & Charlotte Lucassee the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
Lydia & Wickhamshown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money
Mr&Mrs Bennet Mr Collins Lady Catherine de Burghcomic characters
曼斯菲尔德庄园
爱玛
诺桑觉寺
劝导
7 Walterl Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832
(历史说父)Father of history novels
① 罗伯•罗伊
② 艾赫
VI The Victorian Period 18321900
Common sense and moral propreity again became the predominant preoccupation Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events
1 Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实义说家）critical realist writer
①匹克威克外传
②奥利弗•特维斯特（雾孤）
③老古玩店
④ 圣诞颂歌
⑤董贝父子
⑥卫•科波菲尔
⑦荒凉山庄
艰难时世
⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)
⑨远前程
⑩朋友
英国19世纪说繁荣时期杰出代表作家影响遍欧美世界国富社会批判意义现实义说仅英国文坛焕然新世界文学发展产生深远影响
2 William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863
① or a Novel without a Hero名利场(the name is an excerpt from by John Bunyan)
②
3 Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855
①简•爱
Jane Eyre a plain little orphan was sent to Lowood a charity school There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall There she falls in love with the masterMr Rochester
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society eg charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel whom represents those middleclass working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being
②雪莉
③教师
4 Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wutheringn Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger
TheEarnshaw FamilyMr Earnshaw his wife the son Hindley the daughter Catherine Heathcliff
The Linton FamilyMrLinton his wife son Edgar daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
5 George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880l
①弗洛斯河磨坊
② < Adamn Bede>亚•德
③ < Silasn Marner>织工马南
④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契
6 Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892
（维利亚时代具代表性伟诗）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break Break Break>
③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
7 Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889
① < My Last Dutchess>已公爵夫
② < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思
Elizabeth Barrett Browing
①葡萄牙十四行诗
8 Robert Louis Stevenson
①金银岛
9 Thomasl Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928
（说农村生活背景然义说家Wessex novels novels of character and environment）
⑴ Novels
① < Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家苔丝
Themeexperience is as to intensity and not as to duration
② < Jude The Obscure>名裘德
③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫
④ < Far Fromn The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥ < The Return of the Native>乡
⑵ Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century
Playwrights
① Oscar Wilde
② George Bernard Shaw
1 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies
认真重
温德米尔夫扇子
足轻重女
理想丈夫
② Novel
利安•格雷画
③ Fairy Stories
快乐王子事集
2 George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950
(英国杰出批判现实义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
⑴ Plays
① Plays Unpleasant
华伦夫职业
鳏夫房产
② Plays Pleasant
武器
左右命运
③Plays
超
匹格玛利翁
苹果车
圣女贞德
Novelists (Realists)
1 Joseph Concrad
①吉姆爷
②黑暗心
1Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness
The story happened in Congo the heart of Africa and the color of people’s skin in there is black Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart
2What is the symbolism of black and white
Black dark death evil ignorance mystery savagery uncivilized
Middle Ages when science and knowledge was suppressed as the Dark Ages
According to Christianity in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light
According to Heart of Darkness before the Romans came England was dark In the same way Africa was considered to be in the dark stage
White lightlife goodness enlightenment civilized religion
Yet in Concrad the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within therefore dark and obscure) whiteness means falsehood This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths The trade in ivory is white and dirtyKurtz the white man is totally corrupt
3Comment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies
Civilization however must be learned London itself in the book a symbol of enlightenment was once one of the darker places of the earth before the Romans forced civilization upon the BritonsBut civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background
This savagery is seen in Kurtz Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has deevolved into a primitive state
4Character
Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective civilized environment
Marlow represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark alienating jungle
5Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkness we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow The story Marlow tells centers around KurtzHowever most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz he has learned from othersThey have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story
2 William Somerset Maugham
性枷锁
3 Edward Morgan Foster (EMFoster)
印度行
霍华兹墅
Modernists
⑴ 3 Novelists
① James Joyce
② David Herbert Lawrence
③ Virgirnia Woolf
1 David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930
①子情(autobiographical)
Mrs Morel daughter of a middleclass family is a woman of character and refinement a strongwilled intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm vigorous and sensuous coal miner Walter Morel and married beneath her own classThen she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons She hopes that they will become outstanding
Paul Moreldepends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make sense of the world around him He struggle to free from his mother’s influence but he failed After his mother has died and he is left alone in despair
Theme
Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works He believed that the healthy way of the individual’s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse or in another term the sexual impulsehuaman sexuality was to Lawrence a symbol of life forceby presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel
Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
②虹n
③恋爱中女
④查特莱夫情
2 Jamesl Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941
（爱尔兰说家意识流说代表物）streamofconsciousness
尤利西斯(S_O_C)
青年艺术家肖
芬尼根苏醒
柏林
3 Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941
（意识流说代表物）streamofconsciousness
① Novels
达洛维夫
灯塔
浪
雅布房间
奥兰朵
幕间
⑵ 2 Poets
① W B Yeats (William Butler Yeats )
② TS Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )
1William Butlerl Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗剧作家 The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动 The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴 The Irish Literary Theater or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）
⑴ collections
① 苇风
责
② 塔
旋转楼梯
⑵ Poems
复活节1916
第二次世
拜占庭航行
2 Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗剧作家批评家）
⑴ Poems
①
②四四重奏
③
⑵ Plays ① 教堂谋杀案
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英国文学史资料British Writers and Works
中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）
• 贝奥武甫（Beowulf）
• 高文爵士绿衣骑士（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )
杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)
英国诗歌父（Father of English Poetry）
坎特伯雷事（The Canterbury Tales ）
二文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪期—17世纪初）
• 托马斯·莫尔 （Thomas More ）
乌托邦（Utopia）
• 埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）
仙（The Faerie Queene)
• 弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）
说文集（Essays)
克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe
• 帖木帝（Tamburlaine）
• 浮士德博士悲剧（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr Faustus）
• 马耳岛犹太（The Jew of Malta ）
威廉·莎士亚William Shakespeare
喜剧仲夏夜梦（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）威尼斯商（The Merchant of Venice）
悲剧罗密欧朱丽叶（Romeo and Juliet）哈姆莱特（Hamlet）奥赛罗（Othello）李尔王（King Lear）麦克白（Macbeth）
历史剧亨利四世（Henry IV）
传奇剧暴风雨（The Tempest）
·琼生 Ben Johnson
• 高兴（Every Man in His Humor）
• 狐狸（Volpone）
• 练金术士（The Alchemist ）
三17世纪文学
约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton
失乐园（Paradise Lost）
复乐园（Paradise Regained）
诗剧力士参孙（Samson Agonistes）
• 约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）
天路历程（The Pilgrim’s Progress）
• 威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）
爱爱（Love for Love）
世道（The Way of the World ）
四启蒙时期文学（17世纪期—18世纪中期）
18世纪初新古典义成时尚新古典义推崇理性强调明晰称节制优雅追求艺术形式完美谐亚历山·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）新古典义诗歌代表
• 乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift
格列佛
• 丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国说父
鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe）
• 亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding
汤姆·琼斯（Tom Jones）
• 乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift
格列佛游记 Gulliver’s Travels
• 丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国说父
鲁滨孙漂流记（Robinson Crusoe）
• 亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding
汤姆·琼斯（Tom Jones）
• 奥利弗·哥尔德斯密斯 Oliver Goldsmith
荒村（The Deserted Village）
• 詹姆斯·汤姆逊James Thomson
四季歌（The Seasons）
• 威廉·柯林斯 William Collins
黄昏颂（Ode to Evening）
• 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray
墓园哀歌（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard ）
五浪漫义时期文学（17981832）
• 罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns
• 威廉·布莱克 William Blake
• 威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth
• 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge
抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads ）
· ByronShelleyKeats
六现实义时期文学（19世纪30年代1918）（维利亚时代18321901）
• 罗伯特·布朗宁 Robert Browning戏剧独白
皮帕走（Pippa Passes）
指环书（The Ring and the Book）
• 阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生 Alfred Tennyson
悼念（In Memoriam A H H）
勃朗特三姐妹
• 夏洛蒂·勃朗特 Charlotte Bronte
简·爱（Jane Eyre）
• 艾米丽·勃朗特Emily Bronte
呼啸山庄（Wuthering Heights)
• 安妮·勃朗特 Anne Bronte
阿格尼斯·格雷（Agnes Grey）
托马斯·哈代 Thomas Hardy
• 德伯家苔丝
（Tess of the D’Urbervilles）
• 名裘德
（Jude the Obscure）
查尔斯·狄更斯Charles Dickens
• 雾孤（Oliver Twist）
• 卫·科波菲尔（David Copperfield）
• 远前程（Great Expectations）
• 荒凉山庄（Bleak House）
• 双城记（A Tale of Two Cities）
Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485
Epic long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes The style of epic is grand and elevated
eg Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
Artistic features
1 Using alliteration
Definition of alliteration a rhetorical device meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）
Some examples on P5
2 Using metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1340()~1400
(首创双韵体英国文学史首先伦敦方言写作约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称英国诗歌父代表作坎特伯雷事集)
The father of English poetry
It is ____alone who for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehensive (综合广泛)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life ( A )
A Geoffrey Chaucer B Matin Luther C William Langland D John Gower
writing style wisdom humor humanity
①
first time to use heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
②
③
Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form Romance(传奇事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学
（15世纪期—17世纪初）
A period of drama and poetry The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance
Renaissance the activity spirit or time of the great revival of art literature and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world
Two features
1 a thirsting curiosity for the clasical literature
2 the keen interst in the activities of humanity
The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts
(1) to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe
(2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie
(3) to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival
1 new discoveries in geography and astrology
2 the religious reformation and economic expansion
3 rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson
English Renaissancethe early 16th century to the early 17th century
1 Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
（称诗诗） The poets’ poet The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
12 Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for the poet’s poet ( B )
A Spenser’s idealism B his struggle for criteria
C his love of beauty D his exquisite melody
①
The theme is not Arms and the man but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfull loves
Artistic features
1 Using Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanzaa stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc Eight lines in iambic pentameter and last line in iambic hexameter
②
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind
③
2 Thomasl More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①
3 Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
（哲学家散文家述探究知识著作中提出知识力量著名断代唯物义哲学奠基代实验科学先驱）
Philosopher scientist lay the foundation for modern science The first English essayistn
Writing stylebrevity compactness&powerfulness wellarranging and enriching by Biblical allusions metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason
①
②
The theme of Of Studies uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies
4 Ben Jonson
①
②
5 Christopherl Marlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
University Wits the pioneer of English drama（完善韵体诗）
Blank verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter
14 Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his mighty lines ( D )
A the Petrarchan sonnet B sestina
C terza rima D blank verse
①
②
③
6 William Shakespeare威廉•莎士亚1564~1616l
① Historical plays Henry VI Henry IV Richard III Henry V Richard IIHenry VIII
②Four Comedies
③Four Tragedies
④Shakespeare Sonnet 154
Three quatrain and one couplet ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme
III The 17th Century17世纪文学
1 John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗政家失明写 失乐园复乐园力士参孙）
①Epics
②Dramatic poem < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
③
④
This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde typical of Italian sonnet
Its theme is that people use their talent for God and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best
2 John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
（代表作天路历程宗教寓言誉具永恒意义百科全书英国文学史里程碑式著作丁神曲奥古斯丁忏悔录列世界三宗教题材文学杰作）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗)
①Religionary Allegory
3 John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗)
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（语）the diction is simple the imagery is from the actual (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved with god or with himself（题：love religious thought）
Artistic features
1 conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
2 syllogism三段
① Meditations 沉思录
The Flea 虱子
② Songs And Sonnets
Holy Sonnets
③Valediction
IV The 18th Century启蒙时期文学（17世纪期—18世纪中期）
：Enlightenment时美国独立战争法国革命提供框架导致资义社会义兴起音乐史巴洛克时期艺术史新古典义时期时期
A revival of interest in the old classical works order logic restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of EnlightenmentReason the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries a progressive intellectual movement reason(rationality) equality&science(the 18th century)
说崛起：In the midcentury the newly literary form modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实义说)
Gothic novel(哥特式说)：mystery horror castles(from middle part to the end of century)
1 Alexander Pope亚历山•蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国伟诗诗英雄双韵体 heroic couplets词句工整精练富哲理性）
As a representative of the Enlightenment Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England
Eg Among the representatives of the Enlightenment who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England ( C )
A John Bunyan B Daniel Defoe C Alexander Pope D Jonathan Swift
①
Artistic features
1Using heroic couplets
②
③
2 Samuell Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
①Dictionary 英语词典n
3 Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出政家讽刺说家a master satirist）
①
Four parts
Lilliput 国 Brobdingnag 国
Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
建议n
②
③ 木桶事n
④
4 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
（说家新闻记者册子作者十八世纪英国现实义说奠基）l
He is the first writer study of the lowerclass people his language is smooth easy colloquial and mostly vernacular and he is the founder of realistic novel
①
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened mantempered by numerous trials in his eventful life
It is an adventure story Robinson narrates how he goes to sea gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island struggles to live for 24years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England
②
③
④
5 Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
（英国说家戏剧家誉英国说父 ）
He is called Father of English novel He was the first to write a Comic epic in prose(散文体史诗) and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style
① novels
② plays
6 Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
① poems
② novel
7 Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
①
②
8 William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
①
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye
②
A word of misery poverty disease war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes
Include
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
③
9 Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言写诗
①
② 朵红红玫瑰n
③
④ 套n
⑤
⑥
⑦
V The Romantic Period浪漫义时期文学（17981832）
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
RomanticismIt emphasize the specialqualitie of each individual’s mind(应该独立体)
In it emotion over reason spontaneous emotion a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit poetry should be free from all rules imagination nature commonplace
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic)
The Lake Poets湖畔诗who lived in the lake district
William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge Robert Southey
1 William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850
（柯尔律治骚塞称湖畔派诗 The Lake Poets）
①
②
Theme1Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance It is nature that give him strength and knowledge fullof peace
2It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude
CommentThe poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights In the poem on the beauty of nature the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts
③ Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④ The Solitary Reaper孤独割麦女
②
2 Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①
②
③
Artistic features mysticism demonism with strong imagination a strange territory
④
⑤
⑥
3 George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲狂热浪漫充满反抗精神心充满孤独苦闷蔑视群恰尔德·哈罗德拜伦诗歌中第拜伦式英雄）l
Byronic hero is a proud mysterious rebel figure of noble origin against tyrannical rules or moral principles
①
②
4 Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•希•雪莱1792~1822
① Poetic Drama：
Theme the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
②
诗辩
③ Lyrics
Theme The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill come to life in the spring This is a poem about renewal about the wind blowing life back into dead things implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle which only starts again when something dies
Comment Percy Bysshe Shelley＇s Ode to the West Wind is written in iambic pentameter It contains five sonnet length stanzas each with a closing couplet The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee The tone is poignant Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life
Artistic features
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
5 Johnl Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821
(美真真美著名诗句)
① Four great odes
②
Theme The theme of John Keats＇ poem To Autumn is that change is both natural and beautiful The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader
Comment The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before Each of the poem＇s three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day
6 Jane Austen简•奥斯丁1775~1817l
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire
①
Elizabeth Bennet & Darcyin the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved
Collins & Charlotte Lucassee the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
Lydia & Wickhamshown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money
Mr&Mrs Bennet Mr Collins Lady Catherine de Burghcomic characters
7 Walterl Scott沃尔特•斯科特1771~1832
(历史说父)Father of history novels
①
②
VI The Victorian Period 18321900
Common sense and moral propreity again became the predominant preoccupation Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events
1 Charles Dickens查尔斯•狄更斯1812~1870
（批判现实义说家）critical realist writer
①
②
③
④ 圣诞颂歌
⑤
⑥
⑦
⑧ 双城记(London & Paris)
⑨
⑩
英国19世纪说繁荣时期杰出代表作家影响遍欧美世界国富社会批判意义现实义说仅英国文坛焕然新世界文学发展产生深远影响
2 William Makepeace Thackeray威廉•麦克匹斯•萨克雷1811~1863
①
②
3 Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂•勃朗特1816~1855
①
Jane Eyre a plain little orphan was sent to Lowood a charity school There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became a boverness at Thornfield Hall There she falls in love with the masterMr Rochester
It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society eg charity institution such as Lowood School
It is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel whom represents those middleclass working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being
②
③
4 Emily Bronte艾米莉•勃朗特1818~1854
① < Wutheringn Heights>呼啸山庄
A story about two familie and an intruding stranger
TheEarnshaw FamilyMr Earnshaw his wife the son Hindley the daughter Catherine Heathcliff
The Linton FamilyMrLinton his wife son Edgar daughter Isabella
② < Old Stoic>
5 George Eliot乔治•艾略特1819~1880l
①
② < Adamn Bede>亚•德
③ < Silasn Marner>织工马南
④ < Middlemarch>米德尔马契
6 Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德•丁尼生1809~1892
（维利亚时代具代表性伟诗）
Poet Laureate （桂冠诗）
① < In Memoriam>悼念
To memorialize his friend
② < Break Break Break>
③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗
7 Robert Browning罗伯特•白朗宁1812~1889
① < My Last Dutchess>已公爵夫
② < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思
Elizabeth Barrett Browing
①
8 Robert Louis Stevenson
①
9 Thomasl Hardy托马斯•哈代1840~1928
（说农村生活背景然义说家Wessex novels novels of character and environment）
⑴ Novels
① < Tess Of The D’Urbervilles>德伯家苔丝
Themeexperience is as to intensity and not as to duration
② < Jude The Obscure>名裘德
③ < Under The Greenwood Tree>绿荫
④ < Far Fromn The Madding Crowd>远离尘嚣
⑤ < The Mayor Of Casterbridge>卡斯特桥市长
⑥ < The Return of the Native>乡
⑵ Poems
Wessex Poems And Other Verses
Poems Of The Past And Present
The Dynasts 列国
VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century
Playwrights
① Oscar Wilde
② George Bernard Shaw
1 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡•王尔德1856~1900
（The Aesthetic Movement Art for Art’s Sake）
① 4 Comedies
足轻重女
② Novel
③ Fairy Stories
2 George Bernard Shaw乔治•伯纳•萧1856~1950
(英国杰出批判现实义剧作家）critical realistic dramatist
⑴ Plays
① Plays Unpleasant
② Plays Pleasant
③Plays
Novelists (Realists)
1 Joseph Concrad
①
②
1Why the book’s title is Heart of Darkness
The story happened in Congo the heart of Africa and the color of people’s skin in there is black Most important point about the title is to the evil in humans’ heart
2What is the symbolism of black and white
Black dark death evil ignorance mystery savagery uncivilized
Middle Ages when science and knowledge was suppressed as the Dark Ages
According to Christianity in the beginning of time all was dark and God created light
According to Heart of Darkness before the Romans came England was dark In the same way Africa was considered to be in the dark stage
White lightlife goodness enlightenment civilized religion
Yet in Concrad the usual pattern is reverse and darkness means truth(The truth within therefore dark and obscure) whiteness means falsehood This contrast tells a political truth about colonialism in the Congo The contrast also suggests a psychological truth about Marlow and the Europeans mind
White also suggests any number of unpleasant moral truths The trade in ivory is white and dirtyKurtz the white man is totally corrupt
3Comment
The book implies that civilizations are created by the laws and codes that encourage men to achieve higher standards The law acts as a buffer to prevent men from reverting back to their darker tendencies
Civilization however must be learned London itself in the book a symbol of enlightenment was once one of the darker places of the earth before the Romans forced civilization upon the BritonsBut civilized society does not get rid of primeval savage tendencies which lurk in the background
This savagery is seen in Kurtz Marlow meets Kurtz and he finds a man that has totally thrown off the restraint of civilization and has deevolved into a primitive state
4Character
Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own intrinsic desires without a protective civilized environment
Marlow represents the civilized soul that has not been drawn back into savagery by a dark alienating jungle
5Narrative Structure
In Heart of Darkness we have an outside narrator telling us a story he has heard from Marlow The story Marlow tells centers around KurtzHowever most of what Marlow knows about Kurtz he has learned from othersThey have good reason for not being truthful to Marlow Therefore Marlow has to piece together much of Kurtz’s story
2 William Somerset Maugham
3 Edward Morgan Foster (EMFoster)
印度行
Modernists
⑴ 3 Novelists
① James Joyce
② David Herbert Lawrence
③ Virgirnia Woolf
1 David Herbert Lawrence戴维•赫伯特•劳伦斯1885~1930
①
Mrs Morel daughter of a middleclass family is a woman of character and refinement a strongwilled intelligent and ambitious woman who is fascinated by a warm vigorous and sensuous coal miner Walter Morel and married beneath her own classThen she was desponded at her husband and put her love to her sons She hopes that they will become outstanding
Paul Moreldepends heavily on his mother’s love and help to make sense of the world around him He struggle to free from his mother’s influence but he failed After his mother has died and he is left alone in despair
Theme
Lawrence was one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works He believed that the healthy way of the individual’s psychological development lay in the primacy of the life implulse or in another term the sexual impulsehuaman sexuality was to Lawrence a symbol of life forceby presenting the psychological experience of indivudual human life and of human relationships Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel
Oedipus Complex is a thematic feature of D H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
②
③
④
2 Jamesl Joyce詹姆斯•乔伊斯1882~1941
（爱尔兰说家意识流说代表物）streamofconsciousness
青年艺术家肖
3 Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅•沃尔芙1882~1941
（意识流说代表物）streamofconsciousness
① Novels
⑵ 2 Poets
① W B Yeats (William Butler Yeats )
② TS Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )
1William Butlerl Yeats威廉•勃特勒•叶茨1865~1939
（爱尔兰诗剧作家 The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动 The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴 The Irish Literary Theater or the Abbey Theater 爱尔兰民族剧团）
⑴ collections
①
②
⑵ Poems
2 Thomas Sterns Eliot（诗剧作家批评家）
⑴ Poems
①
②
③
⑵ Plays ①
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