． 概念
Arbitrariness The arbitrary nature is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expression We should be sure these two points First language is arbitrary by nature it is not entire arbitrary Second certain words are motivated The best examples are the onomatopoeic words such as rumble bang crash in English Besides the logic motivation such as the Wall represents the Berlin wall semantic motivation such as the teeth of a saw
Cultural transmission Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning rather than by instinct We should aware that human capacity for language has a genetic basis That mean only human beings can learn language No animal can master language If damaged on the head one can’t speak or understand language In contrast animal call systems are genetically transmitted Animal are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species
二述
Differences between man and animal in the communication system
First productivity is unique to human language Most animal communication systems appear to be highly restricted with respect to the number of different signals that their users can send and receive For example gibbon calls are not productive for gibbons draw all their calls from a limited repertoire whish is rapidly exhausted making any novelty impossible And bee dancing is used only to indicated food sources which is the only king of message that can be sent through the dancing
Second language is a system which consists of two sets of structure or two levels At the lower or the basic level there is a structure of sounds which are meaningless by themselves The units at the higher level can be arranged and rearranged into an infinite number of sentences This duality of structure or double articulation of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge No animal communication system has duality or even comes near to possessing it
Third language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present real or imagined matters in the past present or future or in faraway places In contrast no animal communication system possesses this feature Animal calls are mainly uttered in response to immediate changes of situation ie in contact of food in presence of danger or pain Once the danger or pain is gone calls stop
Last Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning rather than by instinct Human capacity for language has a genetic basis In contrast animal call systems are genetically transmitted Animal are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species
三．请带直锡鸡老家观察交际程（动手题）
语言作种交际工具类社会特动物间没语言谓形式种语言种交流方式已首先锡鸡老家时会点环境变化鸡种距离感行做事会独进行会时间事情快会容入鸡家庭中传递信息方式局限反应根学语言没类复杂传达意思简单危险鸡话告诉鸡危险家注意公鸡鸣公鸡听话会着鸣种回应外鸡鸡然会受点环境影响暂时什样交流方式种传递信息方式种谓动物语言类语言根区：
1 单位明晰性
类说出话界限清晰单位交际需语言规组成句子动物语言表示某固定意思分析出单位更谈单位组装
2 意性
动物表示暴怒等喊谈音义结合意性类分种族民族存着样喊动物语言中定程度意性局限题目僵硬
3 结构二层性
类语言层级装置分音位层符号层符号层分干级 动物语言分解成单位谈结构更说结构二层性
4 开放性
够运限语言手段通换组合造出限句子 动物语言具开放性种封闭系统传授信息固定变交际方式表示意义列举
5 传授性
类语言力先天具备掌握什样语言天学会动物语言生俱学
6 否受时环境限制
动物交际时刺激引起具体情景感性反映传递某种信息（未顾） 类语言传递受时环境限制
述观点锡鸡换方生活效果样鸡鸡间种交流方式会变间种语言语言类间特
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Arbitrariness The arbitrary nature is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expression We should be sure these two points First language is arbitrary by nature it is not entire arbitrary Second certain words are motivated The best examples are the onomatopoeic words such as rumble bang crash in English Besides the logic motivation such as the Wall represents the Berlin wall semantic motivation such as the teeth of a saw
Cultural transmission Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning rather than by instinct We should aware that human capacity for language has a genetic basis That mean only human beings can learn language No animal can master language If damaged on the head one can’t speak or understand language In contrast animal call systems are genetically transmitted Animal are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species
二述
Differences between man and animal in the communication system
First productivity is unique to human language Most animal communication systems appear to be highly restricted with respect to the number of different signals that their users can send and receive For example gibbon calls are not productive for gibbons draw all their calls from a limited repertoire whish is rapidly exhausted making any novelty impossible And bee dancing is used only to indicated food sources which is the only king of message that can be sent through the dancing
Second language is a system which consists of two sets of structure or two levels At the lower or the basic level there is a structure of sounds which are meaningless by themselves The units at the higher level can be arranged and rearranged into an infinite number of sentences This duality of structure or double articulation of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge No animal communication system has duality or even comes near to possessing it
Third language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present real or imagined matters in the past present or future or in faraway places In contrast no animal communication system possesses this feature Animal calls are mainly uttered in response to immediate changes of situation ie in contact of food in presence of danger or pain Once the danger or pain is gone calls stop
Last Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning rather than by instinct Human capacity for language has a genetic basis In contrast animal call systems are genetically transmitted Animal are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species
三．请带直锡鸡老家观察交际程（动手题）
语言作种交际工具类社会特动物间没语言谓形式种语言种交流方式已首先锡鸡老家时会点环境变化鸡种距离感行做事会独进行会时间事情快会容入鸡家庭中传递信息方式局限反应根学语言没类复杂传达意思简单危险鸡话告诉鸡危险家注意公鸡鸣公鸡听话会着鸣种回应外鸡鸡然会受点环境影响暂时什样交流方式种传递信息方式种谓动物语言类语言根区：
1 单位明晰性
类说出话界限清晰单位交际需语言规组成句子动物语言表示某固定意思分析出单位更谈单位组装
2 意性
动物表示暴怒等喊谈音义结合意性类分种族民族存着样喊动物语言中定程度意性局限题目僵硬
3 结构二层性
类语言层级装置分音位层符号层符号层分干级 动物语言分解成单位谈结构更说结构二层性
4 开放性
够运限语言手段通换组合造出限句子 动物语言具开放性种封闭系统传授信息固定变交际方式表示意义列举
5 传授性
类语言力先天具备掌握什样语言天学会动物语言生俱学
6 否受时环境限制
动物交际时刺激引起具体情景感性反映传递某种信息（未顾） 类语言传递受时环境限制
述观点锡鸡换方生活效果样鸡鸡间种交流方式会变间种语言语言类间特
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档