Development and prospect of SinoAustralian bilateral trade
Group members 李 静2017013477 高婷2017013486
Development and prospect of SinoAustralian bilateral trade
Abstract in recent years the economic and trade cooperation between China and Australia has developed rapidly and the economic complementarity between the two countries has been further enhanced China and Australia are highly complementary to each other in trade and their trade dependence is on the rise In the future ChinaAustralia trade relations will be deepened under the trend of expanding economic openness of the two countries
Keywords China and Australia trade relationship development trend and prospect
1 Analysis from the perspective of natural resources
From the overall situation of Australia＇s exports to the world mineral products precious metals and products and animal products are Australia＇s main exports In 2018 the export volume was us 15246 billion up 1612 billion and us 1466 billion respectively accounting for 594 63 and 57 of the total export volume of Australia with the export volume increasing by 168 50 and 98 respectively And Australia＇s own resource endowment is the main reason for the formation of the export structure of this product
11 Mineral resources
Australia is known as the nation of harvesters with at least 70 mineral resources First Australia is the world＇s largest producer of bauxite alumina diamonds lead and tantalum Its output of gold iron ore coal lithium manganese ore nickel silver uranium and zinc also rank among the top in the world Second Australia is the world＇s largest exporter of bituminous coal bauxite lead diamonds zinc and concentrate the second largest exporter of alumina iron ore and uranium and the third largest exporter of aluminum and gold Three is that Australia＇s rich natural gas resources also is one of the large global gas exports in 2017 the Australian gas proven reserves of 36 trillion cubic meters in the Asiapacific region the output up to 1135 billion cubic meters but consumption is only 419 billion cubic meters has more than 700 cubic meters of natural gas available for export
12 In biological resources
Australia is known as the world living fossil museum First Australia is rich in plant resources The forest coverage area of Australia accounts for 20 of the land The natural forest area is about 155 million hectares and the timber forest area is 122 million hectares Second Australia is rich in animal resources There are more than 650 species of birds in Australia and more than 450 species are unique to Australia Marsupials all over the world except South America are mostly distributed in Australia
2 Overall analysis of major import and export
21 Export market analysis of Australian exports to China
From the perspective of Australia＇s exports to China mineral products dominated by metal ore have always been Australia＇s main exports to China In 2018 the export volume was 5508 billion us dollars up 31 accounting for 629 of Australia＇s total exports to China In addition precious metals and products and animal products are the second and third major categories of Australia＇s exports to China with the export volume of us 432 billion and us 285 billion up 3979 and 508 respectively accounting for 49 and 33 of Australia＇s total exports to China
22 Import market analysis of Australian products imported from China
Overall Australia＇s imports from China also rose but not as much as its exports to China which led to another widening of its trade surplus with China the biggest source of the surplus From the perspective of import structure Australia＇s main imports from China are mechanical and electrical products textiles and miscellaneous furniture and toys In 2018 Australia imported us 3417 billion accounting for 615 of its total imports from China
3 Trade volume between Australia and China
imports
exports
2014
US 4677 billion
US 814 billion
2015
US 4624 billion
US 6098 billion
2016
US 45175 billion
US 6344 billion
2017
US 4915 billion
US 7645 billion
4Development opportunities in China and Australia
China and Australia are two countries in different stages of economic development They have significant advantages in the trade of processed products resources and energy and can achieve strong complementarity which lays a foundation for bilateral trade between China and Australia In fact since China and Australia signed the free trade agreement (FTA) in 2015 the bilateral trade relations between China and Australia have been continuously strengthened and the trade between China and Australia has a broad prospect In the future it may develop towards the following trends
First bilateral trade dependence between China and Australia continues to rise From the perspective of the dependence of China and Australia on bilateral trade in 2001 the dependence of China and Australia on bilateral trade was 071 and 252 respectively while in 2015 it rose to 131 and 833 respectively and the dependence of Australia on bilateral trade between Australia and China was always higher than that of China on bilateral trade between Australia and China Australia is a big country on the south side of China＇s one belt and one road Its resources are needed for China＇s development and Australia has an important strategic position in economic development and Geopolitics in the Asia Pacific region Therefore it is expected that with the economic development and openingup of China and Australia their dependence on bilateral trade will further increase
Second the range of products traded between China and Australia will be broadened On the one hand at present Australia＇s technology in infrastructure engineering communication energy environment food processing processing and packaging is at the world＇s leading level It expands its trade with China through investment technology transfer and sales of technology and equipment in the Chinese
market while China absorbs foreign investment accepts technology transfer and obtains advanced technology etc Various ways to increase the variety of China＇s export commodities On the other hand due to the high labor price in Australia its laborintensive manufacturing industry will continue to shrink or move overseas giving up the market share of some manufactured products while China has an advantage in the export of laborintensive products Chinese enterprises are expected to play this advantage to fill the market share vacated in Australia and expand the export scope of commodities
41Major obstacles
There is interest differentiation between China and the developing countries along the belt and road
In the current anti globalization trend in the world China＇s attitude is different from that of some developing countries China said that it would actively promote and participate in globalization and formulate corresponding open development strategies but some developing countries think that economic globalization has put their economies in a dilemma In response to globalization China and some developing countries also have different concerns China is concerned about how to better seize the opportunities of globalization promote its economic development by expanding opening up and increasing cooperation and how to control the economic and financial crisis caused by globalization However some developing countries with similar industrial structure to China see that in the process of opening up and On the one hand in order to protect its own economy China adopts various forms of trade protectionism and treats cooperation with extreme caution
Over the past ten years the number of antidumping cases against China has been increasing The largest number of them are developing countries The number of developing countries such as India Turkey Malaysia and other developing countries along the belt and road has been increasing against China Since 2005 India has launched the most antidumping action against our export products Because China and India have similar industrial structures in the one belt and one road emerging countries they are in the similar stage of industrialization They have similar competitive advantages in labor intensive and economies of scale in the international market resulting in competition and
collision of interests leading to these countries constantly launching trade protectionist measures against China
Secondly China＇s economic and trade cooperation with the developing countries along the one belt and one way lacks effective protection
Third international instability is a constraint on China＇s economic and trade cooperation with the developing countries along the belt
At present there are unstable factors in many developing countries along the belt and road On the strategic map of the United States North Africa West Asia Central Asia South Asia and Southeast Asia constitute an arc of international instability Think tanks in the UK believe that from West Africa North Africa to East Africa an arc of African instability may be forming On the unstable arc all kinds of conflicts and turbulence will be frequent This will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the economic and trade cooperation between China and the developing countries along the belt
5 Advice to Chinese importers and exporters
51 Price sensitive
Australia＇s periphery is mostly developing countries with low production costs and often receives cheap offers As a result Australian importers are quite price sensitive In addition due to the seasonal difference between the northern and southern hemispheres some outofseason products in the northern hemisphere that are still popular in Australia will enter the Australian market at a relatively low price Many factors add together resulting in the Australian market price is quite sensitive Generally speaking foreign companies should compete with local companies and offer a price discount of more than 15 over the price of local products Foreign companies have to compete with other foreign companies and offer more than 5 discount to their competitors before they can consider changing suppliers
52 Emphasis on quality
There is a consumption habit in Australian society If consumers are not satisfied with the products they can even ask for replacement or refund without any reason This makes Australian businessman is very serious to product quality
53 Business features
Australian business is still basically following the British business tradition lawabiding credit stability Australian businessmen will not tolerate dishonesty or even cheating because of face or friendship In addition the Australian market is small and there is not much room for illegal businessmen to cheat the boss to cheat the family The breach is easy to detect and ultimately the supplier may lose all customer relationships
Access to Australia＇s exports can be achieved through participation in local trade fairs field marketing and direct contact with Australian businesses
6Conclusion
In the future economic and technical cooperation between the two sides will be further strengthened At present China＇s economy is entering a new historical stage which requires the introduction of advanced technology management experience and technical equipment Australia has a lot of technology and management experience worth learning from China The deepening of China＇s economic reform and the acceleration of openingup have created various new opportunities for Australian companies to cooperate in China＇s experience development
[1]康学真中澳双边贸易发展展[J]中国贸导刊(理版)2017(32)811
[2]田泽郑秀刘晓文丝绸路济带背景中澳贸易合作竞争性互补性研究[J]开发研究2016(03)69
[3]Rudnytska M VPalladina T A Effect of preparations Methyure and Ivine on Са(2+)ATPases activity in plasma and vacuolar membrane of corn seedling roots under salt stress conditions[J] Ukrainian biochemical journal201789(1)
[4]Vera DeevaStepan Slobodyan Influence оf gravity and thermodynamics on the sliding electrical соntасt[J] Tribology International2017105
[5]Ventsislav MutafchiyskiGeorgi PopivanovKirien Kjossev A case of splenic rupture after nonpenetrating injury from а plastic bullet[J] Injury201647(11)
[6]Dolan HankizAlden Dana LFriend John MLee Ping YeinLee Yew KongNg Chirk JennAbdullah Khatijah LimTrevena Lyndal Culture Self and Medical Decision Making in Australia and China A Structural Model Analysis[J] MDM policy & practice20194(2)
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Development and prospect of SinoAustralian bilateral trade
Group members 李 静2017013477 高婷2017013486
Development and prospect of SinoAustralian bilateral trade
Abstract in recent years the economic and trade cooperation between China and Australia has developed rapidly and the economic complementarity between the two countries has been further enhanced China and Australia are highly complementary to each other in trade and their trade dependence is on the rise In the future ChinaAustralia trade relations will be deepened under the trend of expanding economic openness of the two countries
Keywords China and Australia trade relationship development trend and prospect
1 Analysis from the perspective of natural resources
From the overall situation of Australia＇s exports to the world mineral products precious metals and products and animal products are Australia＇s main exports In 2018 the export volume was us 15246 billion up 1612 billion and us 1466 billion respectively accounting for 594 63 and 57 of the total export volume of Australia with the export volume increasing by 168 50 and 98 respectively And Australia＇s own resource endowment is the main reason for the formation of the export structure of this product
11 Mineral resources
Australia is known as the nation of harvesters with at least 70 mineral resources First Australia is the world＇s largest producer of bauxite alumina diamonds lead and tantalum Its output of gold iron ore coal lithium manganese ore nickel silver uranium and zinc also rank among the top in the world Second Australia is the world＇s largest exporter of bituminous coal bauxite lead diamonds zinc and concentrate the second largest exporter of alumina iron ore and uranium and the third largest exporter of aluminum and gold Three is that Australia＇s rich natural gas resources also is one of the large global gas exports in 2017 the Australian gas proven reserves of 36 trillion cubic meters in the Asiapacific region the output up to 1135 billion cubic meters but consumption is only 419 billion cubic meters has more than 700 cubic meters of natural gas available for export
12 In biological resources
Australia is known as the world living fossil museum First Australia is rich in plant resources The forest coverage area of Australia accounts for 20 of the land The natural forest area is about 155 million hectares and the timber forest area is 122 million hectares Second Australia is rich in animal resources There are more than 650 species of birds in Australia and more than 450 species are unique to Australia Marsupials all over the world except South America are mostly distributed in Australia
2 Overall analysis of major import and export
21 Export market analysis of Australian exports to China
From the perspective of Australia＇s exports to China mineral products dominated by metal ore have always been Australia＇s main exports to China In 2018 the export volume was 5508 billion us dollars up 31 accounting for 629 of Australia＇s total exports to China In addition precious metals and products and animal products are the second and third major categories of Australia＇s exports to China with the export volume of us 432 billion and us 285 billion up 3979 and 508 respectively accounting for 49 and 33 of Australia＇s total exports to China
22 Import market analysis of Australian products imported from China
Overall Australia＇s imports from China also rose but not as much as its exports to China which led to another widening of its trade surplus with China the biggest source of the surplus From the perspective of import structure Australia＇s main imports from China are mechanical and electrical products textiles and miscellaneous furniture and toys In 2018 Australia imported us 3417 billion accounting for 615 of its total imports from China
3 Trade volume between Australia and China
imports
exports
2014
US 4677 billion
US 814 billion
2015
US 4624 billion
US 6098 billion
2016
US 45175 billion
US 6344 billion
2017
US 4915 billion
US 7645 billion
4Development opportunities in China and Australia
China and Australia are two countries in different stages of economic development They have significant advantages in the trade of processed products resources and energy and can achieve strong complementarity which lays a foundation for bilateral trade between China and Australia In fact since China and Australia signed the free trade agreement (FTA) in 2015 the bilateral trade relations between China and Australia have been continuously strengthened and the trade between China and Australia has a broad prospect In the future it may develop towards the following trends
First bilateral trade dependence between China and Australia continues to rise From the perspective of the dependence of China and Australia on bilateral trade in 2001 the dependence of China and Australia on bilateral trade was 071 and 252 respectively while in 2015 it rose to 131 and 833 respectively and the dependence of Australia on bilateral trade between Australia and China was always higher than that of China on bilateral trade between Australia and China Australia is a big country on the south side of China＇s one belt and one road Its resources are needed for China＇s development and Australia has an important strategic position in economic development and Geopolitics in the Asia Pacific region Therefore it is expected that with the economic development and openingup of China and Australia their dependence on bilateral trade will further increase
Second the range of products traded between China and Australia will be broadened On the one hand at present Australia＇s technology in infrastructure engineering communication energy environment food processing processing and packaging is at the world＇s leading level It expands its trade with China through investment technology transfer and sales of technology and equipment in the Chinese
market while China absorbs foreign investment accepts technology transfer and obtains advanced technology etc Various ways to increase the variety of China＇s export commodities On the other hand due to the high labor price in Australia its laborintensive manufacturing industry will continue to shrink or move overseas giving up the market share of some manufactured products while China has an advantage in the export of laborintensive products Chinese enterprises are expected to play this advantage to fill the market share vacated in Australia and expand the export scope of commodities
41Major obstacles
There is interest differentiation between China and the developing countries along the belt and road
In the current anti globalization trend in the world China＇s attitude is different from that of some developing countries China said that it would actively promote and participate in globalization and formulate corresponding open development strategies but some developing countries think that economic globalization has put their economies in a dilemma In response to globalization China and some developing countries also have different concerns China is concerned about how to better seize the opportunities of globalization promote its economic development by expanding opening up and increasing cooperation and how to control the economic and financial crisis caused by globalization However some developing countries with similar industrial structure to China see that in the process of opening up and On the one hand in order to protect its own economy China adopts various forms of trade protectionism and treats cooperation with extreme caution
Over the past ten years the number of antidumping cases against China has been increasing The largest number of them are developing countries The number of developing countries such as India Turkey Malaysia and other developing countries along the belt and road has been increasing against China Since 2005 India has launched the most antidumping action against our export products Because China and India have similar industrial structures in the one belt and one road emerging countries they are in the similar stage of industrialization They have similar competitive advantages in labor intensive and economies of scale in the international market resulting in competition and
collision of interests leading to these countries constantly launching trade protectionist measures against China
Secondly China＇s economic and trade cooperation with the developing countries along the one belt and one way lacks effective protection
Third international instability is a constraint on China＇s economic and trade cooperation with the developing countries along the belt
At present there are unstable factors in many developing countries along the belt and road On the strategic map of the United States North Africa West Asia Central Asia South Asia and Southeast Asia constitute an arc of international instability Think tanks in the UK believe that from West Africa North Africa to East Africa an arc of African instability may be forming On the unstable arc all kinds of conflicts and turbulence will be frequent This will undoubtedly have a negative impact on the economic and trade cooperation between China and the developing countries along the belt
5 Advice to Chinese importers and exporters
51 Price sensitive
Australia＇s periphery is mostly developing countries with low production costs and often receives cheap offers As a result Australian importers are quite price sensitive In addition due to the seasonal difference between the northern and southern hemispheres some outofseason products in the northern hemisphere that are still popular in Australia will enter the Australian market at a relatively low price Many factors add together resulting in the Australian market price is quite sensitive Generally speaking foreign companies should compete with local companies and offer a price discount of more than 15 over the price of local products Foreign companies have to compete with other foreign companies and offer more than 5 discount to their competitors before they can consider changing suppliers
52 Emphasis on quality
There is a consumption habit in Australian society If consumers are not satisfied with the products they can even ask for replacement or refund without any reason This makes Australian businessman is very serious to product quality
53 Business features
Australian business is still basically following the British business tradition lawabiding credit stability Australian businessmen will not tolerate dishonesty or even cheating because of face or friendship In addition the Australian market is small and there is not much room for illegal businessmen to cheat the boss to cheat the family The breach is easy to detect and ultimately the supplier may lose all customer relationships
Access to Australia＇s exports can be achieved through participation in local trade fairs field marketing and direct contact with Australian businesses
6Conclusion
In the future economic and technical cooperation between the two sides will be further strengthened At present China＇s economy is entering a new historical stage which requires the introduction of advanced technology management experience and technical equipment Australia has a lot of technology and management experience worth learning from China The deepening of China＇s economic reform and the acceleration of openingup have created various new opportunities for Australian companies to cooperate in China＇s experience development
[1]康学真中澳双边贸易发展展[J]中国贸导刊(理版)2017(32)811
[2]田泽郑秀刘晓文丝绸路济带背景中澳贸易合作竞争性互补性研究[J]开发研究2016(03)69
[3]Rudnytska M VPalladina T A Effect of preparations Methyure and Ivine on Са(2+)ATPases activity in plasma and vacuolar membrane of corn seedling roots under salt stress conditions[J] Ukrainian biochemical journal201789(1)
[4]Vera DeevaStepan Slobodyan Influence оf gravity and thermodynamics on the sliding electrical соntасt[J] Tribology International2017105
[5]Ventsislav MutafchiyskiGeorgi PopivanovKirien Kjossev A case of splenic rupture after nonpenetrating injury from а plastic bullet[J] Injury201647(11)
[6]Dolan HankizAlden Dana LFriend John MLee Ping YeinLee Yew KongNg Chirk JennAbdullah Khatijah LimTrevena Lyndal Culture Self and Medical Decision Making in Australia and China A Structural Model Analysis[J] MDM policy & practice20194(2)
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档