American Humor from the American Sitcom 2 Broke Girls
情景喜剧破产姐妹美式幽默
摘
年影视文化全球飞速发展方面研究越越众国家中美国方面发展直处领先位创作种样卓越影视剧目中情景类型喜剧较突出种类型剧目着剧中欢快氛围诙谐搞笑肢体动作话语融合产生具格喜剧形式美式幽默种风格日常生活中较常见方面问题探索种美式幽默探索发展文化着极密切联系文先美式幽默变化历程产生影响进行研究提出见解然破产姐妹种情景类型喜剧作典型案例时结合学理知识查阅文献资料等进行分析较期够问题研究帮助
Abstract
In recent years film and television culture has developed rapidly all over the world and more and more research has been done in this field Among many countries the United States has been in the leading position in this area creating a variety of excellent film and television programs of which situational comedy is more prominent This type of drama relies on the happy atmosphere in the play and the combination of humorous body movements and words to produce a unique form of comedy that is American humor This style is more common in our daily life but the problem in this respect still needs to be explored Therefore the exploration of American humor is closely related to local development and culture This paper first studies the origin of American humor and its changing course and influence and puts forward its own opinions Then it takes the situational comedy Sisters in Bankruptcy as a typical case and combines the theoretical knowledge learned and the literature consulted to analyze and compare in order to be helpful to the study of this issue
1 Introduction
Different sitcoms have different forms of humorEach type of sitcom has its own theme some of which are technologyoriented some of which are familyoriented When studying this kind of drama it is not difficult to find that the content of comedy comes from people＇s life So it ultimately symbolizes the American culture of humour This paper takes the sitcom 2 Broke Girls as an example
Starra very famous personHe was founded in 1974 by the American Humor Research Association and has been publishing since 1982 He specializes in the humanistic study of American humor (loose definition) because the universal ability of human humor is always expressed in the specific time place and audience background that humanistic research methods strive to achieve Address These methods are now far beyond the scope of literary and film analysis which used to be the core of American humor academics and have now extended to a large number of critical biographical historical theoretical archival ethnographic and digital studies of humor in performance and public life as well as in print and other media Stael＇s expanded expert editorial board marks this growth On behalf of the Editorial Board I would like to invite scholars in the humanities field to submit their best works on the subject of American humor and to work with us to advance their knowledge in this field
11Background of the Study
2 Broke Girls is the sitcom that premiered in CBS Broadcasting Inc in September 19 2011 The play was adapted to Fort Williams Brook forest region New York The play mainly describes the experiences of two distinct city girls Caroline was rich but Max was poor Because of the contradiction with her family Caroline was forced to go to Max＇s restaurant to work to support herselfThe two of them discussed raising 250000 as capital to create a new business Situational comedy won the 38th Best Comedy Award Some newspapers in China call it one of the two best types of comedy on the Internet in 2011 It can be seen from it that this sitcom is also popular in China
12 Purposes of the Study
In recent years the world＇s film and television culture has developed rapidly and exchanges have become increasingly close As a country with advanced film and television technology and ideas the United States has produced many excellent film and television works especially American sitcom It has formed a unique comedy style relaxed atmosphere and humorous verbal action American humor This style also has a great impact on us but the current research on it is not enough Therefore with the rapid development of American comedy culture it is of great significance to study and discuss American humor in depth This paper first analyses the origin development formation and influence of American humor and puts forward its own views Secondly this paper chooses the famous American sitcom Sisters in Bankruptcy and uses case analysis and comparative analysis to illustrate it with limited books film and television works and related materials It is hoped that the research on the theme of American Humor will be helpful
2 American situation comedy
Different sitcoms have different ways in expressing humor Situational comedies differ in their main content with technology as the main part and family as the main part Situational comedy is mainly about the presentation of everyday lifeTherefore This type of play symbolizes the American humorous culture Here we take Sisters in Bankruptcy as an example to discuss
21 Brief Introduction to American Humor
211 Definition
Humor is a unique art thoroughly integrated into people＇s daily life It plays a key role in the development of English culture Although this kind of humorous culture is not very different in the world as far as the United States is concerned this kind of humorous art has its unique features American humor can be understood as a kind of humorous art formed locally in the United States Compared with other forms of humorous art in other countries and regions the first appearance of humorous art in the United States is in literary works Americans see Mark Twain as the pioneer of the local art of humour American animation mainly focuses on criticism humor and metaphor Humorous cartoonists include Charles Schultz Scott Adams Jim Davis and Gary Larson Comedy plays in the United States are full of all kinds of funny things which make the audience laugh These plays mainly consist of Despicable Me and Turbines In TV series there are also a lot of popular programs such as Mr Bean and the Big Bang Theory Most of the humor in the United States comes from the local culture It can be seen that the local humor is closely related to the local culture and the historical process
212 Origin
With the development of new capitalism in North America local social contradictions gradually emerged A large number of local literary creators like to use various meaningful stories to present these social contradictions These stories make people see the true meaning of life At that time humor had been integrated into local literature and a large number of literary creators such as Allan Poe O Henry and Mark Twain appeared Around 1960 the local school of black humor literature used exaggerated forms to expose social contradictions and their impact on people
213 Formation
The United States is a country with many immigrants From the seventeenth century till now it has merged more than one hundred nationalities and received more than 50 million immigrants ranking first in the world in terms of ethnic hybridity All kinds of people live together Most of them try their best not to be excluded from society and believe that they belong to the United States However there are still many people who can not change their living habits for the time being Such a diverse culture offers opportunities for cultural innovation in the United States
Most situational comedies in the United States involve many stars For example in The Big Bang Theorythis trait is well documented they love to quote classic lines from Star Trek They go to comic shops for a week and are keen on collecting animated souvenirs This is a cultural phenomenon in every corner of the United States today
Art comes from life higher than life All kinds of movie elements are condensed from people＇s daily events So is sitcom American sitcoms always use real stuff in everyday life as humorous material even a dialogue between two children or an interesting passenger expression This makes it easier for people to understand and resonate with it
All kinds of contradictions play a great role in promoting the development of things Situational comedies in the US have one thing in common everyone has a unique personality and in one direction they tend to have their own extreme personality but they can be balanced In The Big Bang Theory Sheldon＇s first superstar as far as the audience of the play is concerned he has a serious and incredible sideand he has a serious and incredible side American humor is a paradoxical reminder of how wonderful the world is and how interesting and exciting it is for different kinds of people to live in it
22 Definition of American Situation Comedy
Different sitcoms have different ways in expressing humor because the themes of sitcoms are different some of them mainly focus on family while others mainly focus on technology The comedy content of situational type is mostly the presentation of daily eventsTherefore It represents the culture of humorous types in the United States We can take the bankruptcy sister as an example
Situational comedies usually draw on life events and present a humorous comedy type Its debut appeared on the radio and later appeared on the TV This type of comedy has its own specific stars and consists of multiple small stories around various themes each of which takes place at a specific location The comedy of the American scenario type is the earliest in the world The comedy of the scene type and the repertoire of the drama type are all in the form of serial dramas As can be seen from the above the type of comedy has an important position for American programs The comedy of the US scenario type contains a large number of themes Most of these themes show people various social phenomena
The type of drama is developed by radio dramas The world＇s first scene type comedy was Mary Kay and Johnny in 1947 In 1951 I love Lucy＇s scenetype comedy caused a craze in the United States In the following time the scene type comedy developed an ironic style The theme of the comedy was adjusted for the children＇s preferences and a long repertoire was added to it Sitcom has become one of the three major TV dramas with its unique narrative technique with the family office and other ordinary life scenes as the background and with laughter as the characteristic It＇s more flexible in form and richer in content and now popular comedies include community comedy Two Broken Girls and Modern Family which all use the above techniques It is believed that in the future American sitcoms will use more humorous techniques to develop
3American Humor in 2 Broke Girls
Situational comedies differ in their main content with technology as the main part and family as the main part Situational comedy is mainly about the presentation of everyday lifeThereforeThis type of play symbolizes the American humorous culture This paper takes the sitcom 2 Broke Girls as an example
31 Brief Introduction in 2 Broke Girls
2 Broke Girls is the sitcom that premiered in CBS Broadcasting Inc in September 19 2011 The play was adapted to Fort Williams Brook forest region New York The play mainly describes the experiences of two distinct city girls Caroline was rich but Max was poor Because of the contradiction with her family Caroline was forced to go to Max＇s restaurant to work to support herself The two of them discussed raising 250000 as capital to create a new business Situational comedy won the 38th Best Comedy Award Some newspapers in China call it one of the two best types of comedy on the Internet in 2011
32 Analysis of Linguistic Humor in 2 Broke Girls
This TV play is a situational type of drama which shows the story fragments occurring in several specific places most of the interesting scenes are through dialogue So there are a lot of laughs in their words This part analyzes the linguistic expression of humor in 2 Broke Girls
321 Rhetoric
It means to present another object or story through one object or story The tenor and the bodywork appear in the same sentence Its form is similar to that of Chinese
In the fourth episode Caroline said What would I do if I didn＇t have my protective gear My teeth don＇t know where to go Max said Well maybe they should carry backpacks for several years Here they use metaphors to compare teeth to a person Caroline had a problem with her teeth She was afraid that her teeth would be out of place but she said My teeth don＇t know where to go Max added that her teeth may be traveling It＇s interesting and brings a sense of humor
In Episode 10 Caroline was very enthusiastic and talked too much Max said Oh my God you＇re like a Christmas Monkey She sees it as a Christmas monkeyShe uses metaphors to produce interesting results
In the twentieth play Caroline said to her Although your wallet is clean and my wallet is messy after spending two weeks studying your wallet schedule my wallet will kick your wallet in a mess Next Caroline wanted to know how clean Max＇s wallet was but Max didn＇t want her to know Caroline saidMax you see there＇s no comparison here Here they use metaphors to create humorous effects
The second one is metonymy Metonymy borrows one thing rather than another Metonymy is generally similar to revelation in that it uses a small event to reflect a big situation and visualize specific sentences Generally speaking metonymy is a kind of substitution by borrowing relevant people or things instead of directly speaking about people or things
In the fourth episode Caroline calls Marx the perfect tooth She also contacted Max by telephone perfect teeth with her own characteristics So here she uses metonymy to bring humor
The third is metaphor There are some similarities between metaphor and Chinese metaphors In other words metaphor can arouse the listener＇s resonance by integrating the intended message into what the listener knows In general movies and TV series are good at using some allusions to present the story However this way of expression also has great limitations This kind of humor can only be understood by those who understand the essence of metaphor
The tenth episode is the night before Christmas Han walked into the door with a smile on his face and said Good night go home safe and sound Then he saw that he had two things left behind and he said Maybe I shouldn＇t say that to the homeless He implied that there was no place for people to go but he did not say it directly The story made the audience laugh
The third one is exaggeration English hyperbole has the same characteristics as Chinese hyperbole In order to make the performance effective the events in reality may be exaggerated or reduced to make the audience feel humorous In Episode 5 Caroline says I＇ve been using gray hair as my hair root She used exaggerated language to express how poor she was She lacks even the money to dye her hair Here exaggerated creative techniques are used
In episode 21 Caroline sees how messy Max＇s wallet is She says Max＇s wallet is a nursing home stuck to the lives of the elderly for a pair of underwear Of course Max＇s wallet is not that messy no matter how messy it is Caroline showed her Max＇s wallet in an exaggerated way Having the humorous effect
The fourth one is Pun Just like some grammatical forms in Chinese they contain two meanings in one sentence or word One surface one hint and one hint are the main meanings The perfect use of puns allows us to see more interesting expressions However it also brings some difficulties in translation Through what method can make the sentence or the meaning of the word correct translation is a big difficulty
In Episode 14 Caroline shouts Max come out Max said If I come out it＇s not for you but for the girl with the Dragon tattoo On the one hand the word out means going out of a place on the other hand it means that someone will become homosexual Therefore one word in Max＇s mouth it＇s a double meaning one that she＇s going to look for the dragon tattoo and the other that she＇s going to fall in love with that girl This is called pun
In Episode 17 cooking utensils are like SophieWhen he saw Sophie there accompanied by his new boyfriend he said to Max Sorry I can＇t see straight lines Max said Well I look at him and I can＇t see straight lines either There are two meanings of straight line One is used to describe things that do not bend the other is us Imply that someone is gay Here Max uses puns to bring humor
In the twentieth episode the two heroines go to the dustbin to find their tax returnsCaroline says Max I can＇t If I go there I＇m really white trash On the one hand she laughs at what she used to call white garbage On the other hand She said she fell into a white trash can and made it look dirty much like them There is a double meaning here
In the twentieth episode the two heroines go to the dustbin to find their tax returnsCaroline says Max I can＇t If I go there I＇m really white trash On the one hand she laughs at what she used to call white garbage On the other hand She said she fell into a white trash can and made it look dirty much like them There is a double meaning here
The fifth one is Inversion In everyday life he says people have to have a certain standard cooperation in order for business to work Strict implementation of these standards can ensure smooth communication between the two sides A sense of humor can develop if a person fails to adhere to this standard They are also used in sitcoms
In the first episode A wealthy lady told Max that she had lost money in the ponzi scheme When Max asked him how much she had lost she felt very sad and nervous nothing she said The lady＇s behaviour led people to believe that she had lost a lot but she had almost nothing to lose It＇s very funny
In the second episode on Caroline＇s way to work a man with no place to live asked her to borrow money Finally Caroline told the man that she was in great distress and he gave her his money instead The story is ironic Here the inversion is used to make the content witty
In the twentieth episode a lawyer in office met Caroline Max said that man was acting She asked Are you sure you don＇t represent a woman who eats children The other side seems a little unhappy I＇ve never eaten their children on behalf of anyone But seconds later The other side said In law and order He said he had never brought a lawsuit against a person with moral or legal deficiencies but in reality he was not sure Here he uses inversion to make people feel interesting
The sixth one is Irony Irony is to expose criticize or ridicule people or things by means of metaphor and exaggeration in order to make the play look funny It is increasingly used in situational comedy and in every bit of our lives
In the opening episode Max asked Caroline to tip Caroline paid only 2 but Max said You did better than I expected Here she spoke irony very seriously making the plot funny through reverse irony
In the second episode Caroline shows her Chanel dress Then she pours it on horse dung and wraps it in the dung Max laughs and says Look Chanel II Max said sarcastically Caroline This brings about the effect of humor
In Episode 12 Max said to Earl Earl can you be in your twenties The big spenders on the second table want to split their 11 checks into three ways even if one eats everything Max calls people who spend very little money money people who spend money which is obviously a mockery of them Here is also the use of reverse irony to achieve the plot effect
In the twentieth episode when Han Han＇s voice of apology came to Max＇s ears she questioned Han Why do you apologize You have to be the easiest person to be born in history She could have coughed you into the catcher＇s gloves In this clip she intentionally laughs at each other＇s height and Max uses reverse ridicule to show humor and ridicule
The seventh one is Size Joke Big and small jokes are like short stories It consists of many elements of communication and place background not one or twoBig and small jokes always consist of bedding scenes and funny points in order to achieve the effect of humor
In the sixth episode Johnny＇s distance from Max is very short Max felt nervous Is it hot here Johnny said Yes we＇re in the refrigerator Then the cook looks bright said Yes my refrigerator A word or a landscape will not bring a sense of humor unless it is added to it Here the chef＇s appearance is interesting So people can see that it uses big and small jokes to create humorous effects
The eighth one is Cold humor Cold humor as its name implies is a kind of humor that can make people feel cold and make people feel cold Cold jokes are purposeless and random It sometimes makes the recipient feel embarrassed and confused Most of the cruel humor is boring strange meaningless and unexpected
In the fourth episode Han Han told a cold joke He said The leopard also raised her face Looking from behind at 22 she turned around She was 72 years old At this point he meant that the lady looked beautiful and a little older When he told the joke no one except himself felt funny The cold humor brought about the effect of humor
In Episode 11 When Caroline showed her and Chestnuts that they had wealth Max said Hey it＇s not just you It＇s been three weeks since I had a dollar in my jeans Max told a cold joke by playing with the wordold money
The ninth is the combination of intelligence and humour This combination is based on the accumulation of knowledge and experience of the world Smart humor always makes people feel smart and smart
In Episode 3 Caroline felt Max＇s eyes shine on the shirt and Max responded I won＇t There＇s no bright spot in my heart You may find that I＇ve collected all kinds of radiation That＇s a lot of moneyShe made a deliberate joke
In Episode 10 Caroline stole a spoon from somewhere else and gave it to Max Max said If you don＇t make corrections you won＇t be eligible to visit your father in prison She said that if she couldn＇t correct it she would soon get the same result as his father She made a joke here bringing a sense of humor
In the twentieth episode Peach told everyone that she had launched a new blog for herself and her children She named it Mother and me Then she asked Max Isn＇t it very smart Actually she copied a movie called Mary and me So Max laughed awkwardly and said Originality Everyone knows that peaches don＇t appreciate him He just exaggerated some of them At this point her perception has a funny effect
Another is called black humor This is a kind of humorous effect which is inconsistent with common sense In one book this kind of humour is interpreted as a desperate humour that makes people want to laugh and a form of expression of everyday life that has no practical significance It is a way of conveying sadness through comedy as a medium Its ultimate effect has always been a feeling of happiness or sadness These people have been relying on this form of humor to present a variety of pathological phenomena
In Episode 14 In the fourteenth episode when Caroline asks Max why life has always been negative she says The reason is that life is not smooth and that＇s the result In the history of life there is a unique function that can make life more unsmooth In my personal profile it says Be positive at the worst of times Max has always satirized himself with ridiculous pessimism and ridicule This is the essence of black humor
In the 20th episode two protagonists go to the trash can to find the tax return Caroline said Max I can＇t Then I＇ll be a garbage man Caroline was wealthy among whites before and several blacks had expressed her similarly
Like white garbage Here she jokes with black humor on the other hand she satirizes racial discrimination Therefore here it achieves the ultimate goal of the plot through this form of humor
As can be seen from the above there are many types of humor in the United States The situational comedy Broken Girl 2 contains more emotions in life and more forms of black humor rather than high text humor technical humor and size jokes Max the heroine has a smooth tongue When he communicates with others he always has a mocking attitude not only to the other side but also to himselfPeople can see that verbal humor is very important
322 Other Types of language Humor
In our daily life there are often unanimous voices In English pronunciation many words have common pronunciation so the recipient will misunderstand the speaker＇s intention and then present a variety of funny stories
In the first episode Max＇s boyfriend and Caroline are very close and say I＇m Robbie Caroline responded I＇m not feeling well Caroline avoided conflicts with her smart head In addition to imitating Marx＇s tone of voice Caroline was given her her name but she responded in other ways conveying his thoughts and suggesting that his actions were too intimate At this time the story shows Caroline＇s cleverness
In the fifth episode Caroline asks Max about her credit card rate The interest rate I was talking about was zero Max said Interest here has two meanings one is financial the other is the feeling described in one word Max＇s language is interesting
In Episode 11 Caroline stood on a thin chair trying to fix the tarpaulin Max said Stop You have six inches of heels on your feet and this climbs up causing neck damageThen I was trapped by a horse in tight pants You bite a chopstick in your mouth sit on a chair and shout I＇m sorry I feel like it works Max relied on his imagination to describe Caroline＇s terrible life in a wheelchair Her witty words made people laugh What is shown above is verbal humor a form of humor
In the twentieth episode Max and the one who live together with Caroline as friends are in the midst of a drug side effect She keeps urinating which is also called Ru After she came out From the bathroom Max said Are you all right R and u sound like you So here Max uses interesting language to create a humorous effect
33 Analysis of Body Humor in 2 Broke Girls
Although verbal humor occupies a large part of situational comedy body humor also plays an important role Here we discuss how body language humor is presented in this situational comedy
331 Exaggeration
In the seventh episode Caroline said they wanted to create cupcakes to tradeand one day we＇ll leave Han felt very sad because Caroline spoke the words his first girlfriend said when she broke up with him He responded Oh my God my first girlfriend is here He is covering his chest with one hand at the moment It seems very sad Exaggerated body movements make emotions more expressive and achieve the purpose of humor
In the ninth episode Earl and Han discussed Korean＇s birthday song Earl said Your mother seems to be ill Han was very angry when he heard this Don＇t talk to my mother Then he left angrily at once That exaggerated response brought a sense of humor
In Episode 9 when their managers informed them that they were all selected as fairies One of the girls was very happy She walked exaggeratively swung her arms and hands and sang a song at the same time That strange action brought a sense of humor
In the first episode Max meets Caroline asleep in a chair on the subway She pats Caroline Caroline sits up and shoots her with an electric shotgun Usually
People are not so afraid to wake up their people Her exaggerated behavior made the audience laugh
332 Wittiness
In the eighth episode Johnny met Manager Han at dinner They want to say hello by clapping hands Johnny is tall but Han is short so Han jumped a little before he reached the height Han＇s performance not only shows wisdom but also makes people laugh
In the ninth episode Caroline asked Marx to teach her how to bake and she was taught the whole process Caroline didn＇t find it difficult but she made the kitchen dirty throughout the process That strange action brought a sense of humor
In episode 20 Caroline got side effects from the drug She had a swollen tongue So she couldn＇t say a word smoothly because her mouth was full of tongue This expression is strange and interesting So here she uses wit to bring a sense of humor
333 Size joke
In the eighth episode Max said she bought Caroline＇s foreign painkillers They will make you strong but they will also make you out of control She lost control of her hands and her belongings fell off This makes that statement validated At this time her body movements have a quite humorous effect
In the twentythird episode a seemingly old man eats in a restaurant Max says Why are you sitting in public and typing an old typewriter big brother In the pretentious gentleman＇s union After they talked Max left bowing a medieval bow It＇s funny Her actions coincide with what she said before A sentence or an action is not very funny It is only because they combine with each other that they produce a humorous effect
As can be seen from the above although verbal humor is more intuitive and easier to be found by the audience in many cases both body humor and verbal humor create an interesting point Physical movements are critical to the human body They interact and influence each other to achieve the best integration just like all kinds of language forms and facial appearance
Conclusion
American sitcom has a long history and there are many excellent sitcom works It has a close relationship with the rapid development of the United States From sitcom people all over the world have a general understanding of American humor and American culture
This form of humor was first presented in literary works Everyone thinks of Mark Twain as the founder American humour is everywhere in our livesand it changes with time As a carrier American humor has penetrated into people＇s lives all over the world and plays an important role in crosscultural communication
Bankrupt Girl is one of the most famous sitcoms in the United States and a microcosm of American humorous culture The main character in the play is full of positive energy However they also have their own unique personality when they collide together they will produce wonderful sparks In fact American humor is mainly reflected in situational comedy Through the analysis of two bankrupt girls the first group had a general understanding of American culture People can see that American humor can be expressed in a variety of ways They can also find that humor can be expressed not only in words but also in exaggerated and interesting body language and facial expressions
Therefore through the analysis of two penniless girls people can find that Americans are extroverted have strange body language exaggerated expressions and like to satirize others and even themselves Another feature is that American sitcoms often reveal the darkness of society and the conflict between social reality This keeps pace with the current movie In addition American situational comedy is very serious in the creation of plays Because the United States is more advanced in technology and has more wealth American humor undoubtedly has a great impact on all parts of the world bringing people a lot of laughterAmerican sitcom will continue to develop and there will be more good works in the future
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情景喜剧破产姐妹美式幽默
摘
年影视文化全球飞速发展方面研究越越众国家中美国方面发展直处领先位创作种样卓越影视剧目中情景类型喜剧较突出种类型剧目着剧中欢快氛围诙谐搞笑肢体动作话语融合产生具格喜剧形式美式幽默种风格日常生活中较常见方面问题探索种美式幽默探索发展文化着极密切联系文先美式幽默变化历程产生影响进行研究提出见解然破产姐妹种情景类型喜剧作典型案例时结合学理知识查阅文献资料等进行分析较期够问题研究帮助
Abstract
In recent years film and television culture has developed rapidly all over the world and more and more research has been done in this field Among many countries the United States has been in the leading position in this area creating a variety of excellent film and television programs of which situational comedy is more prominent This type of drama relies on the happy atmosphere in the play and the combination of humorous body movements and words to produce a unique form of comedy that is American humor This style is more common in our daily life but the problem in this respect still needs to be explored Therefore the exploration of American humor is closely related to local development and culture This paper first studies the origin of American humor and its changing course and influence and puts forward its own opinions Then it takes the situational comedy Sisters in Bankruptcy as a typical case and combines the theoretical knowledge learned and the literature consulted to analyze and compare in order to be helpful to the study of this issue
1 Introduction
Different sitcoms have different forms of humorEach type of sitcom has its own theme some of which are technologyoriented some of which are familyoriented When studying this kind of drama it is not difficult to find that the content of comedy comes from people＇s life So it ultimately symbolizes the American culture of humour This paper takes the sitcom 2 Broke Girls as an example
Starra very famous personHe was founded in 1974 by the American Humor Research Association and has been publishing since 1982 He specializes in the humanistic study of American humor (loose definition) because the universal ability of human humor is always expressed in the specific time place and audience background that humanistic research methods strive to achieve Address These methods are now far beyond the scope of literary and film analysis which used to be the core of American humor academics and have now extended to a large number of critical biographical historical theoretical archival ethnographic and digital studies of humor in performance and public life as well as in print and other media Stael＇s expanded expert editorial board marks this growth On behalf of the Editorial Board I would like to invite scholars in the humanities field to submit their best works on the subject of American humor and to work with us to advance their knowledge in this field
11Background of the Study
2 Broke Girls is the sitcom that premiered in CBS Broadcasting Inc in September 19 2011 The play was adapted to Fort Williams Brook forest region New York The play mainly describes the experiences of two distinct city girls Caroline was rich but Max was poor Because of the contradiction with her family Caroline was forced to go to Max＇s restaurant to work to support herselfThe two of them discussed raising 250000 as capital to create a new business Situational comedy won the 38th Best Comedy Award Some newspapers in China call it one of the two best types of comedy on the Internet in 2011 It can be seen from it that this sitcom is also popular in China
12 Purposes of the Study
In recent years the world＇s film and television culture has developed rapidly and exchanges have become increasingly close As a country with advanced film and television technology and ideas the United States has produced many excellent film and television works especially American sitcom It has formed a unique comedy style relaxed atmosphere and humorous verbal action American humor This style also has a great impact on us but the current research on it is not enough Therefore with the rapid development of American comedy culture it is of great significance to study and discuss American humor in depth This paper first analyses the origin development formation and influence of American humor and puts forward its own views Secondly this paper chooses the famous American sitcom Sisters in Bankruptcy and uses case analysis and comparative analysis to illustrate it with limited books film and television works and related materials It is hoped that the research on the theme of American Humor will be helpful
2 American situation comedy
Different sitcoms have different ways in expressing humor Situational comedies differ in their main content with technology as the main part and family as the main part Situational comedy is mainly about the presentation of everyday lifeTherefore This type of play symbolizes the American humorous culture Here we take Sisters in Bankruptcy as an example to discuss
21 Brief Introduction to American Humor
211 Definition
Humor is a unique art thoroughly integrated into people＇s daily life It plays a key role in the development of English culture Although this kind of humorous culture is not very different in the world as far as the United States is concerned this kind of humorous art has its unique features American humor can be understood as a kind of humorous art formed locally in the United States Compared with other forms of humorous art in other countries and regions the first appearance of humorous art in the United States is in literary works Americans see Mark Twain as the pioneer of the local art of humour American animation mainly focuses on criticism humor and metaphor Humorous cartoonists include Charles Schultz Scott Adams Jim Davis and Gary Larson Comedy plays in the United States are full of all kinds of funny things which make the audience laugh These plays mainly consist of Despicable Me and Turbines In TV series there are also a lot of popular programs such as Mr Bean and the Big Bang Theory Most of the humor in the United States comes from the local culture It can be seen that the local humor is closely related to the local culture and the historical process
212 Origin
With the development of new capitalism in North America local social contradictions gradually emerged A large number of local literary creators like to use various meaningful stories to present these social contradictions These stories make people see the true meaning of life At that time humor had been integrated into local literature and a large number of literary creators such as Allan Poe O Henry and Mark Twain appeared Around 1960 the local school of black humor literature used exaggerated forms to expose social contradictions and their impact on people
213 Formation
The United States is a country with many immigrants From the seventeenth century till now it has merged more than one hundred nationalities and received more than 50 million immigrants ranking first in the world in terms of ethnic hybridity All kinds of people live together Most of them try their best not to be excluded from society and believe that they belong to the United States However there are still many people who can not change their living habits for the time being Such a diverse culture offers opportunities for cultural innovation in the United States
Most situational comedies in the United States involve many stars For example in The Big Bang Theorythis trait is well documented they love to quote classic lines from Star Trek They go to comic shops for a week and are keen on collecting animated souvenirs This is a cultural phenomenon in every corner of the United States today
Art comes from life higher than life All kinds of movie elements are condensed from people＇s daily events So is sitcom American sitcoms always use real stuff in everyday life as humorous material even a dialogue between two children or an interesting passenger expression This makes it easier for people to understand and resonate with it
All kinds of contradictions play a great role in promoting the development of things Situational comedies in the US have one thing in common everyone has a unique personality and in one direction they tend to have their own extreme personality but they can be balanced In The Big Bang Theory Sheldon＇s first superstar as far as the audience of the play is concerned he has a serious and incredible sideand he has a serious and incredible side American humor is a paradoxical reminder of how wonderful the world is and how interesting and exciting it is for different kinds of people to live in it
22 Definition of American Situation Comedy
Different sitcoms have different ways in expressing humor because the themes of sitcoms are different some of them mainly focus on family while others mainly focus on technology The comedy content of situational type is mostly the presentation of daily eventsTherefore It represents the culture of humorous types in the United States We can take the bankruptcy sister as an example
Situational comedies usually draw on life events and present a humorous comedy type Its debut appeared on the radio and later appeared on the TV This type of comedy has its own specific stars and consists of multiple small stories around various themes each of which takes place at a specific location The comedy of the American scenario type is the earliest in the world The comedy of the scene type and the repertoire of the drama type are all in the form of serial dramas As can be seen from the above the type of comedy has an important position for American programs The comedy of the US scenario type contains a large number of themes Most of these themes show people various social phenomena
The type of drama is developed by radio dramas The world＇s first scene type comedy was Mary Kay and Johnny in 1947 In 1951 I love Lucy＇s scenetype comedy caused a craze in the United States In the following time the scene type comedy developed an ironic style The theme of the comedy was adjusted for the children＇s preferences and a long repertoire was added to it Sitcom has become one of the three major TV dramas with its unique narrative technique with the family office and other ordinary life scenes as the background and with laughter as the characteristic It＇s more flexible in form and richer in content and now popular comedies include community comedy Two Broken Girls and Modern Family which all use the above techniques It is believed that in the future American sitcoms will use more humorous techniques to develop
3American Humor in 2 Broke Girls
Situational comedies differ in their main content with technology as the main part and family as the main part Situational comedy is mainly about the presentation of everyday lifeThereforeThis type of play symbolizes the American humorous culture This paper takes the sitcom 2 Broke Girls as an example
31 Brief Introduction in 2 Broke Girls
2 Broke Girls is the sitcom that premiered in CBS Broadcasting Inc in September 19 2011 The play was adapted to Fort Williams Brook forest region New York The play mainly describes the experiences of two distinct city girls Caroline was rich but Max was poor Because of the contradiction with her family Caroline was forced to go to Max＇s restaurant to work to support herself The two of them discussed raising 250000 as capital to create a new business Situational comedy won the 38th Best Comedy Award Some newspapers in China call it one of the two best types of comedy on the Internet in 2011
32 Analysis of Linguistic Humor in 2 Broke Girls
This TV play is a situational type of drama which shows the story fragments occurring in several specific places most of the interesting scenes are through dialogue So there are a lot of laughs in their words This part analyzes the linguistic expression of humor in 2 Broke Girls
321 Rhetoric
It means to present another object or story through one object or story The tenor and the bodywork appear in the same sentence Its form is similar to that of Chinese
In the fourth episode Caroline said What would I do if I didn＇t have my protective gear My teeth don＇t know where to go Max said Well maybe they should carry backpacks for several years Here they use metaphors to compare teeth to a person Caroline had a problem with her teeth She was afraid that her teeth would be out of place but she said My teeth don＇t know where to go Max added that her teeth may be traveling It＇s interesting and brings a sense of humor
In Episode 10 Caroline was very enthusiastic and talked too much Max said Oh my God you＇re like a Christmas Monkey She sees it as a Christmas monkeyShe uses metaphors to produce interesting results
In the twentieth play Caroline said to her Although your wallet is clean and my wallet is messy after spending two weeks studying your wallet schedule my wallet will kick your wallet in a mess Next Caroline wanted to know how clean Max＇s wallet was but Max didn＇t want her to know Caroline saidMax you see there＇s no comparison here Here they use metaphors to create humorous effects
The second one is metonymy Metonymy borrows one thing rather than another Metonymy is generally similar to revelation in that it uses a small event to reflect a big situation and visualize specific sentences Generally speaking metonymy is a kind of substitution by borrowing relevant people or things instead of directly speaking about people or things
In the fourth episode Caroline calls Marx the perfect tooth She also contacted Max by telephone perfect teeth with her own characteristics So here she uses metonymy to bring humor
The third is metaphor There are some similarities between metaphor and Chinese metaphors In other words metaphor can arouse the listener＇s resonance by integrating the intended message into what the listener knows In general movies and TV series are good at using some allusions to present the story However this way of expression also has great limitations This kind of humor can only be understood by those who understand the essence of metaphor
The tenth episode is the night before Christmas Han walked into the door with a smile on his face and said Good night go home safe and sound Then he saw that he had two things left behind and he said Maybe I shouldn＇t say that to the homeless He implied that there was no place for people to go but he did not say it directly The story made the audience laugh
The third one is exaggeration English hyperbole has the same characteristics as Chinese hyperbole In order to make the performance effective the events in reality may be exaggerated or reduced to make the audience feel humorous In Episode 5 Caroline says I＇ve been using gray hair as my hair root She used exaggerated language to express how poor she was She lacks even the money to dye her hair Here exaggerated creative techniques are used
In episode 21 Caroline sees how messy Max＇s wallet is She says Max＇s wallet is a nursing home stuck to the lives of the elderly for a pair of underwear Of course Max＇s wallet is not that messy no matter how messy it is Caroline showed her Max＇s wallet in an exaggerated way Having the humorous effect
The fourth one is Pun Just like some grammatical forms in Chinese they contain two meanings in one sentence or word One surface one hint and one hint are the main meanings The perfect use of puns allows us to see more interesting expressions However it also brings some difficulties in translation Through what method can make the sentence or the meaning of the word correct translation is a big difficulty
In Episode 14 Caroline shouts Max come out Max said If I come out it＇s not for you but for the girl with the Dragon tattoo On the one hand the word out means going out of a place on the other hand it means that someone will become homosexual Therefore one word in Max＇s mouth it＇s a double meaning one that she＇s going to look for the dragon tattoo and the other that she＇s going to fall in love with that girl This is called pun
In Episode 17 cooking utensils are like SophieWhen he saw Sophie there accompanied by his new boyfriend he said to Max Sorry I can＇t see straight lines Max said Well I look at him and I can＇t see straight lines either There are two meanings of straight line One is used to describe things that do not bend the other is us Imply that someone is gay Here Max uses puns to bring humor
In the twentieth episode the two heroines go to the dustbin to find their tax returnsCaroline says Max I can＇t If I go there I＇m really white trash On the one hand she laughs at what she used to call white garbage On the other hand She said she fell into a white trash can and made it look dirty much like them There is a double meaning here
In the twentieth episode the two heroines go to the dustbin to find their tax returnsCaroline says Max I can＇t If I go there I＇m really white trash On the one hand she laughs at what she used to call white garbage On the other hand She said she fell into a white trash can and made it look dirty much like them There is a double meaning here
The fifth one is Inversion In everyday life he says people have to have a certain standard cooperation in order for business to work Strict implementation of these standards can ensure smooth communication between the two sides A sense of humor can develop if a person fails to adhere to this standard They are also used in sitcoms
In the first episode A wealthy lady told Max that she had lost money in the ponzi scheme When Max asked him how much she had lost she felt very sad and nervous nothing she said The lady＇s behaviour led people to believe that she had lost a lot but she had almost nothing to lose It＇s very funny
In the second episode on Caroline＇s way to work a man with no place to live asked her to borrow money Finally Caroline told the man that she was in great distress and he gave her his money instead The story is ironic Here the inversion is used to make the content witty
In the twentieth episode a lawyer in office met Caroline Max said that man was acting She asked Are you sure you don＇t represent a woman who eats children The other side seems a little unhappy I＇ve never eaten their children on behalf of anyone But seconds later The other side said In law and order He said he had never brought a lawsuit against a person with moral or legal deficiencies but in reality he was not sure Here he uses inversion to make people feel interesting
The sixth one is Irony Irony is to expose criticize or ridicule people or things by means of metaphor and exaggeration in order to make the play look funny It is increasingly used in situational comedy and in every bit of our lives
In the opening episode Max asked Caroline to tip Caroline paid only 2 but Max said You did better than I expected Here she spoke irony very seriously making the plot funny through reverse irony
In the second episode Caroline shows her Chanel dress Then she pours it on horse dung and wraps it in the dung Max laughs and says Look Chanel II Max said sarcastically Caroline This brings about the effect of humor
In Episode 12 Max said to Earl Earl can you be in your twenties The big spenders on the second table want to split their 11 checks into three ways even if one eats everything Max calls people who spend very little money money people who spend money which is obviously a mockery of them Here is also the use of reverse irony to achieve the plot effect
In the twentieth episode when Han Han＇s voice of apology came to Max＇s ears she questioned Han Why do you apologize You have to be the easiest person to be born in history She could have coughed you into the catcher＇s gloves In this clip she intentionally laughs at each other＇s height and Max uses reverse ridicule to show humor and ridicule
The seventh one is Size Joke Big and small jokes are like short stories It consists of many elements of communication and place background not one or twoBig and small jokes always consist of bedding scenes and funny points in order to achieve the effect of humor
In the sixth episode Johnny＇s distance from Max is very short Max felt nervous Is it hot here Johnny said Yes we＇re in the refrigerator Then the cook looks bright said Yes my refrigerator A word or a landscape will not bring a sense of humor unless it is added to it Here the chef＇s appearance is interesting So people can see that it uses big and small jokes to create humorous effects
The eighth one is Cold humor Cold humor as its name implies is a kind of humor that can make people feel cold and make people feel cold Cold jokes are purposeless and random It sometimes makes the recipient feel embarrassed and confused Most of the cruel humor is boring strange meaningless and unexpected
In the fourth episode Han Han told a cold joke He said The leopard also raised her face Looking from behind at 22 she turned around She was 72 years old At this point he meant that the lady looked beautiful and a little older When he told the joke no one except himself felt funny The cold humor brought about the effect of humor
In Episode 11 When Caroline showed her and Chestnuts that they had wealth Max said Hey it＇s not just you It＇s been three weeks since I had a dollar in my jeans Max told a cold joke by playing with the wordold money
The ninth is the combination of intelligence and humour This combination is based on the accumulation of knowledge and experience of the world Smart humor always makes people feel smart and smart
In Episode 3 Caroline felt Max＇s eyes shine on the shirt and Max responded I won＇t There＇s no bright spot in my heart You may find that I＇ve collected all kinds of radiation That＇s a lot of moneyShe made a deliberate joke
In Episode 10 Caroline stole a spoon from somewhere else and gave it to Max Max said If you don＇t make corrections you won＇t be eligible to visit your father in prison She said that if she couldn＇t correct it she would soon get the same result as his father She made a joke here bringing a sense of humor
In the twentieth episode Peach told everyone that she had launched a new blog for herself and her children She named it Mother and me Then she asked Max Isn＇t it very smart Actually she copied a movie called Mary and me So Max laughed awkwardly and said Originality Everyone knows that peaches don＇t appreciate him He just exaggerated some of them At this point her perception has a funny effect
Another is called black humor This is a kind of humorous effect which is inconsistent with common sense In one book this kind of humour is interpreted as a desperate humour that makes people want to laugh and a form of expression of everyday life that has no practical significance It is a way of conveying sadness through comedy as a medium Its ultimate effect has always been a feeling of happiness or sadness These people have been relying on this form of humor to present a variety of pathological phenomena
In Episode 14 In the fourteenth episode when Caroline asks Max why life has always been negative she says The reason is that life is not smooth and that＇s the result In the history of life there is a unique function that can make life more unsmooth In my personal profile it says Be positive at the worst of times Max has always satirized himself with ridiculous pessimism and ridicule This is the essence of black humor
In the 20th episode two protagonists go to the trash can to find the tax return Caroline said Max I can＇t Then I＇ll be a garbage man Caroline was wealthy among whites before and several blacks had expressed her similarly
Like white garbage Here she jokes with black humor on the other hand she satirizes racial discrimination Therefore here it achieves the ultimate goal of the plot through this form of humor
As can be seen from the above there are many types of humor in the United States The situational comedy Broken Girl 2 contains more emotions in life and more forms of black humor rather than high text humor technical humor and size jokes Max the heroine has a smooth tongue When he communicates with others he always has a mocking attitude not only to the other side but also to himselfPeople can see that verbal humor is very important
322 Other Types of language Humor
In our daily life there are often unanimous voices In English pronunciation many words have common pronunciation so the recipient will misunderstand the speaker＇s intention and then present a variety of funny stories
In the first episode Max＇s boyfriend and Caroline are very close and say I＇m Robbie Caroline responded I＇m not feeling well Caroline avoided conflicts with her smart head In addition to imitating Marx＇s tone of voice Caroline was given her her name but she responded in other ways conveying his thoughts and suggesting that his actions were too intimate At this time the story shows Caroline＇s cleverness
In the fifth episode Caroline asks Max about her credit card rate The interest rate I was talking about was zero Max said Interest here has two meanings one is financial the other is the feeling described in one word Max＇s language is interesting
In Episode 11 Caroline stood on a thin chair trying to fix the tarpaulin Max said Stop You have six inches of heels on your feet and this climbs up causing neck damageThen I was trapped by a horse in tight pants You bite a chopstick in your mouth sit on a chair and shout I＇m sorry I feel like it works Max relied on his imagination to describe Caroline＇s terrible life in a wheelchair Her witty words made people laugh What is shown above is verbal humor a form of humor
In the twentieth episode Max and the one who live together with Caroline as friends are in the midst of a drug side effect She keeps urinating which is also called Ru After she came out From the bathroom Max said Are you all right R and u sound like you So here Max uses interesting language to create a humorous effect
33 Analysis of Body Humor in 2 Broke Girls
Although verbal humor occupies a large part of situational comedy body humor also plays an important role Here we discuss how body language humor is presented in this situational comedy
331 Exaggeration
In the seventh episode Caroline said they wanted to create cupcakes to tradeand one day we＇ll leave Han felt very sad because Caroline spoke the words his first girlfriend said when she broke up with him He responded Oh my God my first girlfriend is here He is covering his chest with one hand at the moment It seems very sad Exaggerated body movements make emotions more expressive and achieve the purpose of humor
In the ninth episode Earl and Han discussed Korean＇s birthday song Earl said Your mother seems to be ill Han was very angry when he heard this Don＇t talk to my mother Then he left angrily at once That exaggerated response brought a sense of humor
In Episode 9 when their managers informed them that they were all selected as fairies One of the girls was very happy She walked exaggeratively swung her arms and hands and sang a song at the same time That strange action brought a sense of humor
In the first episode Max meets Caroline asleep in a chair on the subway She pats Caroline Caroline sits up and shoots her with an electric shotgun Usually
People are not so afraid to wake up their people Her exaggerated behavior made the audience laugh
332 Wittiness
In the eighth episode Johnny met Manager Han at dinner They want to say hello by clapping hands Johnny is tall but Han is short so Han jumped a little before he reached the height Han＇s performance not only shows wisdom but also makes people laugh
In the ninth episode Caroline asked Marx to teach her how to bake and she was taught the whole process Caroline didn＇t find it difficult but she made the kitchen dirty throughout the process That strange action brought a sense of humor
In episode 20 Caroline got side effects from the drug She had a swollen tongue So she couldn＇t say a word smoothly because her mouth was full of tongue This expression is strange and interesting So here she uses wit to bring a sense of humor
333 Size joke
In the eighth episode Max said she bought Caroline＇s foreign painkillers They will make you strong but they will also make you out of control She lost control of her hands and her belongings fell off This makes that statement validated At this time her body movements have a quite humorous effect
In the twentythird episode a seemingly old man eats in a restaurant Max says Why are you sitting in public and typing an old typewriter big brother In the pretentious gentleman＇s union After they talked Max left bowing a medieval bow It＇s funny Her actions coincide with what she said before A sentence or an action is not very funny It is only because they combine with each other that they produce a humorous effect
As can be seen from the above although verbal humor is more intuitive and easier to be found by the audience in many cases both body humor and verbal humor create an interesting point Physical movements are critical to the human body They interact and influence each other to achieve the best integration just like all kinds of language forms and facial appearance
Conclusion
American sitcom has a long history and there are many excellent sitcom works It has a close relationship with the rapid development of the United States From sitcom people all over the world have a general understanding of American humor and American culture
This form of humor was first presented in literary works Everyone thinks of Mark Twain as the founder American humour is everywhere in our livesand it changes with time As a carrier American humor has penetrated into people＇s lives all over the world and plays an important role in crosscultural communication
Bankrupt Girl is one of the most famous sitcoms in the United States and a microcosm of American humorous culture The main character in the play is full of positive energy However they also have their own unique personality when they collide together they will produce wonderful sparks In fact American humor is mainly reflected in situational comedy Through the analysis of two bankrupt girls the first group had a general understanding of American culture People can see that American humor can be expressed in a variety of ways They can also find that humor can be expressed not only in words but also in exaggerated and interesting body language and facial expressions
Therefore through the analysis of two penniless girls people can find that Americans are extroverted have strange body language exaggerated expressions and like to satirize others and even themselves Another feature is that American sitcoms often reveal the darkness of society and the conflict between social reality This keeps pace with the current movie In addition American situational comedy is very serious in the creation of plays Because the United States is more advanced in technology and has more wealth American humor undoubtedly has a great impact on all parts of the world bringing people a lot of laughterAmerican sitcom will continue to develop and there will be more good works in the future
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