the dragon boat festival also called the duanwu festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the chinese calendar for thousands of years the festival has been marked by eating zong zi (glutinous rice(糯米)wrapped to form a pyramid using bamboo or reed leaves) and racing dragon boats
the festival is best known for its dragonboat races especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes thisregatta(赛舟会)commemorates the death of qu yuan an honest minister who is said to have committed suicide by drowning himself in a river qu was a minister of the state of chu situated in presentday hunan and hubei provinces during thewarring states period(475221bc)(战国时期) he was upright loyal and highly esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state however when a dishonest and corrupt prince vilified qu he was disgraced and dismissed from office realizing that the country was now in the hands of evil and corrupt officials qu grabbed a large stone and leapt into the miluo river on the fifth day of the fifth month nearby fishermen rushed over to try and save him but were unable to even recover his body thereafter the state declined and was eventually conquered by the state of qin
the people of chu who mourned the death of qu threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the fifth day of the fifth month but one year the spirit of qu appeared and told the mourners that a hugereptile(爬行动物)in the river had stolen the rice the spirit then advised them to wrap the rice in silk and bind it with five differentcolored threads before tossing it into the river
during the duanwu festival a glutinous rice pudding called zong zi is eaten to symbolize the rice offerings to qu ingredients such as beanslotus seeds(莲子)chestnuts(栗子) pork fat and the golden yolk of a salted duck egg are often added to the glutinous rice the pudding is then wrapped with bamboo leaves bound with a kind of raffia and boiled in salt water for hours
the dragonboat races symbolize the many attempts to rescue and recover qu's body a typical dragon boat ranges from 50100 feet in length with a beam of about 55 feet accommodating two paddlers seated side by side
a wooden dragon head is attached at the bow and a dragon tail at thestern(船尾) a banner hoisted on a pole is also fastened at the stern and the hull is decorated with red green and blue scales edged in gold in the center of the boat is a canopied shrine behind which the drummersgong(铜锣)beaters andcymbal(铙钹)players are seated to set the pace for the paddlers there are also men positioned at the bow to set off firecrackers toss rice into the water and pretend to be looking for qu all of the noise and pageantry creates an atmosphere of gaiety and excitement for the participants and spectators alike the races are held among different clans villages and organizations and the winners are awarded medals banners jugs of wine and festive meals
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