化学专业英语考试试题
列英文名称写出相应结构式 (15分)
1 Lead dioxide2 Hydrochloric acid3 Barium hydroxide4 Calcium hypochlorite5 2Methyl1penten3yne6 4Methoxy2hexyne7 3 4Dihydroxybenzaldehyde8 Trans3aminocyclohexanol9 Trans1 3cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid10 N Ndimethylcyclopropane carboxamide
二 列化学术语提出合适定义 (15分)
1 Ionization energy
2 Chemical kinetics
3 Precision
4 Functional group
5 Anabolism
三 英译汉 (30分)
1 An atom consists of a very small positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons held by electrostatic attraction The motion of electrons changes when chemical bonds are formed nuclei being unaltered
2 Electronegativity is the power of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond Different numerical estimates agree on qualitative trends electronegativity increases from left to right along a periodic table Elements of low electronegativity are called electropositive Electropositive elements form metallic solids Electronegative elements form molecules or polymeric solid with covalent bonds
3 Molecular orbitals are wavefunctions for electrons in molecules often formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals approximation Overlappling atomic arbitals can give bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals Electrons in bonding molecular orbitals have an increased probability of being in the region between the nuclei
4 Aromatic rings are made up of six sp2 hybridized carbons Each carbon forms three σ bonds which results in a planar ring The remaining 2p orbital on each carbon is perpendicular to the plane and can overlap with a neighboring 2p orbital on either side This means that a molecular orbital is formed round the whole ring such that the six π electrons are delocalized around the ring This results in increased stability such that aromatic rings are less reactive than alkenes
5 Optical isomers are configurational isomers which have the ability to rotate planepolarized light clockwise or counterclockwise They have identical chemical and physical properties (apart from their effects on planepolarized light) but can have different biological properties
6 Nucleophilic substitutions are reactions which involve the substitution of one nucleophile for another nucleophile Alkyl halides carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid derivatives undergo nucleophilic substitution but the mechanisms for alkyl halides are quite different from those of carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid derivatives
7 The energy of an isolated system is constant An alternative equivalent expression is that energy may be neither created nor destroyed although the energy within a system may change its form It is a result of the first law that energy in an open system may be exchanged with the surroundings as either work or heat but may not be lost or gained in any other manner
8 The number of each type of amino acid in a protein can be determined by acid hydrolysis and separation of the individual amino acids by ion exchange chromatography The amino acids are detected by colarimetric reaction with for example ninhydrin
四 中译英 (30分)
1 生锈化学程十分清楚 已确认铁锈氧湿气作生成水合氧化铁 微量二氧化碳存生锈速度显著加快
2 饱烃发生象卤代样化学反应 总化学反应活性相较低 相饱烃易发生加成反应 芳香族化合物容易发生取代反应
3 气体溶质分压溶液中溶解度间关系亨利定律描述 气体溶质分压溶液中溶解度成正
4 色谱法组分分离基分离物质溶液中组分色谱中固定相流动相间亲合力存差异
5 液体机物分离提纯说 应广泛方法蒸馏 中包括常压蒸馏 减压蒸馏 水蒸汽蒸馏分馏
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列英文名称写出相应结构式 (15分)
1 Lead dioxide2 Hydrochloric acid3 Barium hydroxide4 Calcium hypochlorite5 2Methyl1penten3yne6 4Methoxy2hexyne7 3 4Dihydroxybenzaldehyde8 Trans3aminocyclohexanol9 Trans1 3cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid10 N Ndimethylcyclopropane carboxamide
二 列化学术语提出合适定义 (15分)
1 Ionization energy
2 Chemical kinetics
3 Precision
4 Functional group
5 Anabolism
三 英译汉 (30分)
1 An atom consists of a very small positively charged nucleus surrounded by negative electrons held by electrostatic attraction The motion of electrons changes when chemical bonds are formed nuclei being unaltered
2 Electronegativity is the power of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond Different numerical estimates agree on qualitative trends electronegativity increases from left to right along a periodic table Elements of low electronegativity are called electropositive Electropositive elements form metallic solids Electronegative elements form molecules or polymeric solid with covalent bonds
3 Molecular orbitals are wavefunctions for electrons in molecules often formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals approximation Overlappling atomic arbitals can give bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals Electrons in bonding molecular orbitals have an increased probability of being in the region between the nuclei
4 Aromatic rings are made up of six sp2 hybridized carbons Each carbon forms three σ bonds which results in a planar ring The remaining 2p orbital on each carbon is perpendicular to the plane and can overlap with a neighboring 2p orbital on either side This means that a molecular orbital is formed round the whole ring such that the six π electrons are delocalized around the ring This results in increased stability such that aromatic rings are less reactive than alkenes
5 Optical isomers are configurational isomers which have the ability to rotate planepolarized light clockwise or counterclockwise They have identical chemical and physical properties (apart from their effects on planepolarized light) but can have different biological properties
6 Nucleophilic substitutions are reactions which involve the substitution of one nucleophile for another nucleophile Alkyl halides carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid derivatives undergo nucleophilic substitution but the mechanisms for alkyl halides are quite different from those of carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid derivatives
7 The energy of an isolated system is constant An alternative equivalent expression is that energy may be neither created nor destroyed although the energy within a system may change its form It is a result of the first law that energy in an open system may be exchanged with the surroundings as either work or heat but may not be lost or gained in any other manner
8 The number of each type of amino acid in a protein can be determined by acid hydrolysis and separation of the individual amino acids by ion exchange chromatography The amino acids are detected by colarimetric reaction with for example ninhydrin
四 中译英 (30分)
1 生锈化学程十分清楚 已确认铁锈氧湿气作生成水合氧化铁 微量二氧化碳存生锈速度显著加快
2 饱烃发生象卤代样化学反应 总化学反应活性相较低 相饱烃易发生加成反应 芳香族化合物容易发生取代反应
3 气体溶质分压溶液中溶解度间关系亨利定律描述 气体溶质分压溶液中溶解度成正
4 色谱法组分分离基分离物质溶液中组分色谱中固定相流动相间亲合力存差异
5 液体机物分离提纯说 应广泛方法蒸馏 中包括常压蒸馏 减压蒸馏 水蒸汽蒸馏分馏
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档