物理八期末复总结
第篇：物理八期末复总结
章电压入手引导学生利电压表探究串联联电路中电压规律运控制变量法研究电阻影响素间关系初步解半导体超导体特点会正确滑动变阻器连入电路中改变电路中电流电压章容学电学知识掌握欧姆定律基础
电压电阻
电压
作：电压电路形成电流原
常单位换算：千伏毫伏微伏1kv1000v1v1000mv1mv1000uv
电压测量——电压表
1读数：清量程弄清格格表示电压数
2接法：联测电路两端标﹣号接线柱接电源负极标﹢号接线柱接电源正极测电压超电压表量程
串联联电路电压规律
串联电路中总电压等部分电路
中分电压
联电路中支路两端电压相等
电阻
电阻意义：切导体具阻碍电流作性质导体电流阻碍作
单位：欧姆ω常单位：兆欧mω千欧kω1mω1000klω1000000ω
影响电阻素：长度材料横截面积温度
半导体超导体特点：半导体慰藉条件改变电阻改变（压敏电阻光敏电阻等）
变阻器
原理：改变接入电路中电阻丝长度改变电路中电阻
构造：支架电阻丝瓷筒金属棒等
方法：
第七章知识总结力整合
章直接研究电流电压电阻关系切入引导学生探究电流电压电阻间关系出重电学定律——欧姆定律进步运欧姆定律进行简单电学定量计算出电阻串联电阻联关系欧姆定律理基础运相应实验器材设计实验测量灯泡电阻运欧姆定律分析安全电关现象认识断路短路现象加深欧姆定律理解提高学生运知识解决实际问题力激发学生学物理积极性
欧姆定律
电阻电流电压关系：导体中通电流段导体两端电压成正
容：导体中通电流段导体两端电压成正电阻成反
表达式：iur
应求电流电压电阻
测量灯泡电阻
原理：rui
方法：伏安法测电阻
注意：灯泡电阻太会灯丝温度升高增
安全电
电压越高越危险
断路短路认识
注意防雷正确避雷针
第八章知识总结力整合
章学欧姆定律长基础吧电学研究扩展电电功率初中物理重点章节难点章学目标学生解电电功率概念知道焦耳定律电功率关安全电方面问题整章教材结构围绕电概念展开
电功率
电
电获：电然界中种形式转化电源（发电机电池等）提供
单位：焦耳j千瓦时kw•h千瓦时日常生活中度
1kw•h1度36*10^6j
电表
作：测量电器段时间消耗电
测量方法：电表计数器前两次读数差
表盘参数含义：例2500rewskw•h表示消耗1kw•h电电表转盘转2500转
电功
实质：电流做功德程实质电转化成形式程少电转化成形式电流做少功
单位：电单位样焦耳j
计算：wp•t
电功率
物理意义：表示消耗电快慢符号p表示
定义：电器功率等1秒消耗电公式pwt表示
单位：瓦特w千瓦kw1kw10^3w（1w1j1s1js）
千瓦时世：1千瓦时功率1kw电器1h消耗电1kw•h1kw*1h
额定电压额定功率：电器正常工作时电压做额定电压电器额定电压功率电器额定功率般说电器铭牌标明电压电功率电器额定电压额定功率
测量：原理（pui）器材电路图
电流热效应
电流热效应：电流通道题电转化成热种现象电流热效应导体中电流通时道题发热
焦耳定律容表达式：qi^2rt
电热利防止
电功率安全电
电功率电流关系：根公式puiipu知家庭电路中电压时定220v电器功率越电路中电流i越安全电应注意干路中电流超家里供电线路电表允许电流值
保险丝
特点：保险丝铅锑合金制作电阻率熔点低
作：电路中电流超允许值时保险丝动熔断动切断电路保证电路安全家庭电路中千万铜丝铁丝代保险丝
第九章知识总结力整合
章生活中常见磁现象出发介绍磁基知识通种探究活动学生感受特殊物质磁场存探究电生磁磁生电辩证关系解电磁关系通探究活动解物理学家研究问题方法获取先关信息掌握相关知识
电磁
磁现象
磁性：吸引铁钴镍等物质性质
磁体吸铁性指性：指南北方
磁极
磁体磁性强部分磁极
磁极：南极s北极n磁体两磁极
作规律：名磁极互相排斥异名磁极互相吸引
磁场
存
磁体周围空间
电流周围空间
1电流磁效应——奥斯特饰演
2通电螺线（1）磁场条形磁铁相似
（2）极性电流方关
（3）应：电磁铁（影响素应：电磁继电器扬声器）
基性质
1放入中磁体力作
2放入中电流力作——电动机原理量转化
方规定：物理学中磁针静止时北极指方规定该点磁场方
描述——磁感线
特点：闭合曲线题外部n极s极部s极n极磁感线想交
功：磁感线反映磁场强弱密方磁场强疏方磁场弱
磁生电
电磁感应现象：闭合电路部分导体磁场中做切割磁感线运动时电路中会产生电流种现象做电磁感应现象电流感应电流
应：发电机
原理：电磁感应
量转化：机械转化电
补充发动机量转化电转化机械
第十章知识总结力整合
章讲述电磁波信息传播
信息传播
固定电话
结构原理：简单电话话筒听筒组成基原理：利电流信息传远方程振动——变化电流——振动
电话交换机：般电话间通交换机转换提高线路利率
模拟通信：信息电流变化情况声音变化情况样种信号模拟信号模拟信号通信方式模拟通信
数字通信：信号符号组合表示种信号数字信号数字信号通信方式数字通信数字信号形成简单抗干扰力强失真
电磁波
产生：迅速变化电流产生电磁波
传播：电磁波真空中传播传播速度光样
电磁波波速伯成河频率
应：广播电视移动电话通信
越越宽信息旅
微波通信：微波传递信息通信方式微波通信微薄波长10m1mm间频率30mhz3*10^5mhz间
卫星通信：助球步通信卫星传递信息卫星通信克服微波着球表面传播足（微波着直线传播）
光纤通信：通光导纤维传递信息光纤通信光纤通信特点携带信息量
网络通信：通计算机完成形式电子邮件
高中物理教学工作总结
物理学科德育渗透计划
物理教育专业荐信模板
第二篇：八物理第章总结
八年级物理第七单元知识总结
重力
1重力：球吸引物体受力
2重力：物体受重力物体质量成正
gmgg98nkg
3重力方：竖直
4重力作点：重心
力
1力三素：
力方作点影响力作效果称力三素
2力物体物体作
3力作相互
4力作效果：
(1)物体发生形变
(2)改变物体运动状态
5力表示法
弹力
．弹簧测力计方法：
1前：
观察弹簧测力计0刻线量程分度值
2测量时：
弹簧测力计受力方轴线方
3观察时：
视线必须刻度盘垂直
二弹力：物体发生弹性形变时产生力
物体发生弹性形变越产生弹力越
拉力压力等属弹力
三力测量
工具：测力计弹簧测力计实验室常种
原理：受拉力越弹簧伸长越长
方法：观察调零读数
第三篇：八理期末复资料
第五章 中国理差异
1根理位置然文差异国划分四理区域：北方区南方区西北区青藏区
2分界线秦岭—淮河线划分导素气温降水青藏区区划分导素形
第二节 北方区南方区
（2）温带（陆性）季风气候气候特点：夏季高温雨冬季寒冷干燥 （2）城市建设发展中注意保持旧城基格局原风貌时兴建铁国家奥林匹克体育中心中华世纪坛高级旅游饭店住宅区等现代建筑 5中关村国早高科技园区
第二节 特行政区——香港澳门
1邻港澳区世界口密度高区
2制度：香港澳门国两特行政区国实行政策祖国实行社会义制度香港澳门实行资义制度
3陆祖国然资源劳动力资源丰富低廉香港拥丰富资金技术理验进行紧密济合作优势互补互惠互利
影响：西部区—资源优势变济优势迅速增加财政收入推动相关产业发展增加业机会东部区—缓解东部区源短缺问题天然气清洁源西气东输改善东部环境
第节 沟壑横特殊形区——黄土高原
1 2然状况：
（1）范围：东起太行山西乌鞘岭南连秦岭北抵长城属暖温带半干旱区位第二级阶梯四理区域北方区位黄河中游区
（2）黄土物质源——风成说占导位黄土高原黄土物质中亚蒙古等荒漠戈壁吹貌特征千沟万壑 3水土流失：
原：（1）然：黄土土质疏松特性降水集中78月暴雨 （2）：表裸露缺少植保护类活动植破坏 危害：（1）带走表肥沃土壤农作物产量降（2）沟谷增扩加深导致耕面积减少
（3）黄河游输送泥沙游形成河河道整治防洪造成巨困难
国水土流失严重区黄土高原位第二级阶梯
4脆弱生态环境：黄土高原形破碎气候较干旱仅水土流失严重种然灾害频发：旱灾洪涝灾害泥石流滑坡塌陷严重然灾害旱涝灾害
5生态建设环境改善：
（1）植树种草等生物措施建梯田修挡土坝等工程措施相结合治理水土流失 （2）控制口增长合理安排生产活动陡坡退耕林草度放牧方减少放牧牲畜数量
第四篇：八物理期中考试复点
期中 复点
电压电源作什？电压作什
提供电压电路中产生电流
单位伏特(v)千伏(kv) 毫伏（mv）
1 kv103v1 mv 103v
二电压表
（）两量程03v015v
分度值：01v05v
（二）电压表遵循原
1电压表测元件联 否：测出测电压值
2电流正接线柱进入负接线柱流出否：指针会反转动会损坏电压表
3超电压表量程否：仅法测量电压值会损坏电压表
（三）读电压表方法
1确定量程
2确定量程分度值
3根指针位置读出电压值
三 电阻
影响导体电阻素实验控制变量法 结
（1）导体电阻导体材料关
（2）导体材料横截面积相时导体越长电阻越
（3）导体材料长度相时导体横截面积越电阻越
（4）导体加热温度升高电流表示数变表明导体电阻变说明导体电阻温度关数导体说温度越高电阻
四变阻器
1原理 改变电路中电流
2 搭配
3 1）串联电路中（2）解铭牌 3）前应滑片放阻值位置
五 实验目：探究电流电压电阻关系实验程重
（）实验容：1保持电阻变研究电流电压关系
2保持电压变研究电流电阻关系
（二）结
电阻定时通导体电流导体两端电压成正
电压定时导体中电流导体电阻成反
（三）欧姆定律：导体中电流导体两端电压成正导体电阻成反
u公式： ir
（四）串联电路iur关系
（1）i＝i1＝i22）u＝u1+u2 3）r串＝r1+r2
（2）i＝i1+i22）u＝u1＝u21
r＝1r1+ 1r2
五电
电测量工具电表
1220v电表应该220v电路中（额定电压220v）
210a（20a）10a标定电流10a额定电流20a
350hz电表50h交流电中
4600rkwh电器消耗1千瓦时电电表转盘转动600转
52014impkwh电器消耗1千瓦时电脉闪2014次
六电功率表示电器消耗电快慢
1定义电器1秒钟消耗电电功率
2公式：pwtui
36w物理意义：11秒做功6j2电器1秒钟消耗电6j 4 额定功率相两灯泡
①额定功率灯泡电阻
②联时额定功率灯泡较亮串联额定功率灯泡较亮
③额定电压相两灯泡串联起接额定电压电路消耗总功率额定功率
u实u额p实p额
七测量功率
1电表秒表测量电器功率：
①原理：pwt
②测量仪器：电表秒表
③方法：家中电器关闭然测电器接入家庭电路中正常工作秒表记录t时间电表表盘转转根电表铭牌物理意义记录出电器消耗电w根pwt计算出测电器功率
2电压表电流表测出灯泡功率
①原理：pui
②方法：伏安法
③电路图
④器材：电源开关滑动变阻器灯泡电压表电流表导线干（7根） ⑤步骤
⑥实验表格
⑦实验结
a灯泡发光程度灯泡`实际功率决定额定功率关
b测量灯泡电压实际功率
⑧滑动变阻器作
a保护电路
b改变灯泡两端电压改变电路中电流
c实现次测量寻找普遍规律
⑨注意
a连接电路前开关定断开b闭合开关滑片p移阻值处
第五篇：新目标八期末复书面表达训练范文
话题：谈（运时句子）the life in the future
范文：in the future there will be computers in each homethey will help us know more about the world we will be able to talk onlinekids won`t go to school and study at home on computers scientists will make lots of robotsthey can help us do some homework for examplecooking cleaningand i think there will be more cars and pollutionso we should grow more trees and find other useful solutions to protect our environmentin a word the life in the world will be wonderful
话题二：问题建议（运提建议句子）范文1：问题 dear mary
i have a problem these days and i need your helpi am not getting on well with some of my
classmatesi don`t know whylast sunday one of my classmates had a birhtday party at home she invited all the classmates except me i feel worried and i don`t know what to do could you tell me what i should dobob
范文2：建议dear bob
i have known your problemsthere are a lot of things you could do here are some advice for youfrom your letteri know you have different ideas about your classmates i think you should have a talk with himbecause you can understand each other better or maybe you could write a letter to himgive him a
birhtday gifthe will feel very surprisedi believe you can find a better way good luck话题三：记述发生事情（进行时）范文：听说练unit 3（p86）
话题四：成绩单介绍学情况（间接引语句子）范文：dear mum
i finished my endof year exams last week and got my report card todayi always feel nervous when i got my report card but luckily i did ok this timemy chinse teacher said i was the best in classbecause i had a really hard time with it but my worst report was from my math teacherhe said i was lazyand my science teacher said i could do better that`s all for my report card best wishestom
话题五：晚会规定范文：there will be an english party from 5pm to 9 pm on fridayyou can come to the party with your friendshere are some rules you muat rememberdon`t bring food and drinks to the partydon`t leave during the partyyou mustn`t wear jeansif you wear jeans we won`t let you inand please bring your id card
话题六爱范文网：i like to collect many thingssuch as nice stonesnames of moviesbookstoysphotos of famous peoplebut i like collecting stamps besti have been collecting stamps for five yearswhen i was very youngmy uncle sent me a stamp from australiai loved it at oncesince then i tried to collect stamps and fell in love with iti have more than one hundred stampssome were sent by my friendssome were collected by myselfsome were from foiregn countriessome were chinesei like themofteni take them out and show them to my friends
话题七：提出请求（提请求句子）范文：dear mr smith
i am glad to be your neighborhoodi know your work must be tiredbecause you got home very latehowever i don`t like sleep too latewould you mind not make too much noise would you mind turning down your tvcould you please keep quieti am sorry to disturb youbut i think you can understand medon`t youthanks
话题八：介绍宠物 many people like animlsi like dogs bestthey are popular petsbecause they are easy to take care of they are cheaper than rabbits or catsbut they are not quiet enoughi like my dog very muchat night he watches tv on my legs with me when i do my homeworkhe is always around
mewhen i have some sad things i enjoy talking with himhe`s my best friend
话题九：介绍想事工作学英语情况（现完成时句子）
范文：i want to be an english teacher when i grow up if i become a teacheri will work with childrni will be happybut i won`t be famousi love children and endlishhowevermy english was poor beforefor my dream i decided to work hard i `ve been studying english for two years i think speaking is the most important in english study so i often talk with classmates in englishit helped me a loti decide to try hard to make my english better
话题十：某次旅行见闻three years ago i went to beijing with my parentsbefore it i have never been therein beijingwe vistited many interst of placesfor eamplethe great wall tian`anmen square and the summer palacein tian`anmen square there were many tourists theresome were chatting with frinedssome were taking photosand i met a foreigneri talked with him in englishhe said beijing was very beautiful and chinese people were friendlyi was very happy to hear that
话题十：感谢信(教材unit10 p80)
话题十二：准备晚会
范文：today is kelly＇ s birthdayshe is my best friendi＇ m going to have a surprise party for her in my housei invited leinasallymaciaand many other friendsall of them are teenagersleina promised to bring some drinkssally will bring some snacksdavid said he would bring some flowers and picturesi bought a big cake and a present for heri am going to get ready for a special meali bought humburgersfrench friesand i made some saladkelly likes hamburgers and fruit saladmacia likes cakes and i like french friesi think all of us will laugh and sing and dancekelly must be excited 话题十三：学英语方法：dear lin tao
i am glad to receive your last letter you want to know how to learn english well here is my adviceyou mustn’t give up whatever you meet any difficulties that you meet every day you should spend some time in learning english remember as many english words as possible and try your best to use themread english books magazines or newspapers as often as you can it is useful and important for you to improve your english i think listening or singing english songs can make you more interested in english learning
hope you make great progress in your english learningyours zhangpeng 话题十四：致谦信：dear tom
thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday partyi＇d love to go but i can＇tmy parents are out on businessthey are coming back next monthand now i have to look after my grandma because she is ill in bedand i also need to study for my coming endofyear exami＇m very sorry but i can＇t go to your partythank you for asking mei hope you can have a good time
话题十五：暑假期末复星沙英语li ping the summer holidays are coming soonseveral days ago i was very tired because iwas busy doing a lot of exercisesnow i`m having examssome of my classmats are nervous about the examsbut i`m very happy in a few daysi am going to have a good rest during the holidays i will go sightseeing at the same time i am also going to visit my friends and relatives i am sure i will spend my holidays happily
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第篇：物理八期末复总结
章电压入手引导学生利电压表探究串联联电路中电压规律运控制变量法研究电阻影响素间关系初步解半导体超导体特点会正确滑动变阻器连入电路中改变电路中电流电压章容学电学知识掌握欧姆定律基础
电压电阻
电压
作：电压电路形成电流原
常单位换算：千伏毫伏微伏1kv1000v1v1000mv1mv1000uv
电压测量——电压表
1读数：清量程弄清格格表示电压数
2接法：联测电路两端标﹣号接线柱接电源负极标﹢号接线柱接电源正极测电压超电压表量程
串联联电路电压规律
串联电路中总电压等部分电路
中分电压
联电路中支路两端电压相等
电阻
电阻意义：切导体具阻碍电流作性质导体电流阻碍作
单位：欧姆ω常单位：兆欧mω千欧kω1mω1000klω1000000ω
影响电阻素：长度材料横截面积温度
半导体超导体特点：半导体慰藉条件改变电阻改变（压敏电阻光敏电阻等）
变阻器
原理：改变接入电路中电阻丝长度改变电路中电阻
构造：支架电阻丝瓷筒金属棒等
方法：
第七章知识总结力整合
章直接研究电流电压电阻关系切入引导学生探究电流电压电阻间关系出重电学定律——欧姆定律进步运欧姆定律进行简单电学定量计算出电阻串联电阻联关系欧姆定律理基础运相应实验器材设计实验测量灯泡电阻运欧姆定律分析安全电关现象认识断路短路现象加深欧姆定律理解提高学生运知识解决实际问题力激发学生学物理积极性
欧姆定律
电阻电流电压关系：导体中通电流段导体两端电压成正
容：导体中通电流段导体两端电压成正电阻成反
表达式：iur
应求电流电压电阻
测量灯泡电阻
原理：rui
方法：伏安法测电阻
注意：灯泡电阻太会灯丝温度升高增
安全电
电压越高越危险
断路短路认识
注意防雷正确避雷针
第八章知识总结力整合
章学欧姆定律长基础吧电学研究扩展电电功率初中物理重点章节难点章学目标学生解电电功率概念知道焦耳定律电功率关安全电方面问题整章教材结构围绕电概念展开
电功率
电
电获：电然界中种形式转化电源（发电机电池等）提供
单位：焦耳j千瓦时kw•h千瓦时日常生活中度
1kw•h1度36*10^6j
电表
作：测量电器段时间消耗电
测量方法：电表计数器前两次读数差
表盘参数含义：例2500rewskw•h表示消耗1kw•h电电表转盘转2500转
电功
实质：电流做功德程实质电转化成形式程少电转化成形式电流做少功
单位：电单位样焦耳j
计算：wp•t
电功率
物理意义：表示消耗电快慢符号p表示
定义：电器功率等1秒消耗电公式pwt表示
单位：瓦特w千瓦kw1kw10^3w（1w1j1s1js）
千瓦时世：1千瓦时功率1kw电器1h消耗电1kw•h1kw*1h
额定电压额定功率：电器正常工作时电压做额定电压电器额定电压功率电器额定功率般说电器铭牌标明电压电功率电器额定电压额定功率
测量：原理（pui）器材电路图
电流热效应
电流热效应：电流通道题电转化成热种现象电流热效应导体中电流通时道题发热
焦耳定律容表达式：qi^2rt
电热利防止
电功率安全电
电功率电流关系：根公式puiipu知家庭电路中电压时定220v电器功率越电路中电流i越安全电应注意干路中电流超家里供电线路电表允许电流值
保险丝
特点：保险丝铅锑合金制作电阻率熔点低
作：电路中电流超允许值时保险丝动熔断动切断电路保证电路安全家庭电路中千万铜丝铁丝代保险丝
第九章知识总结力整合
章生活中常见磁现象出发介绍磁基知识通种探究活动学生感受特殊物质磁场存探究电生磁磁生电辩证关系解电磁关系通探究活动解物理学家研究问题方法获取先关信息掌握相关知识
电磁
磁现象
磁性：吸引铁钴镍等物质性质
磁体吸铁性指性：指南北方
磁极
磁体磁性强部分磁极
磁极：南极s北极n磁体两磁极
作规律：名磁极互相排斥异名磁极互相吸引
磁场
存
磁体周围空间
电流周围空间
1电流磁效应——奥斯特饰演
2通电螺线（1）磁场条形磁铁相似
（2）极性电流方关
（3）应：电磁铁（影响素应：电磁继电器扬声器）
基性质
1放入中磁体力作
2放入中电流力作——电动机原理量转化
方规定：物理学中磁针静止时北极指方规定该点磁场方
描述——磁感线
特点：闭合曲线题外部n极s极部s极n极磁感线想交
功：磁感线反映磁场强弱密方磁场强疏方磁场弱
磁生电
电磁感应现象：闭合电路部分导体磁场中做切割磁感线运动时电路中会产生电流种现象做电磁感应现象电流感应电流
应：发电机
原理：电磁感应
量转化：机械转化电
补充发动机量转化电转化机械
第十章知识总结力整合
章讲述电磁波信息传播
信息传播
固定电话
结构原理：简单电话话筒听筒组成基原理：利电流信息传远方程振动——变化电流——振动
电话交换机：般电话间通交换机转换提高线路利率
模拟通信：信息电流变化情况声音变化情况样种信号模拟信号模拟信号通信方式模拟通信
数字通信：信号符号组合表示种信号数字信号数字信号通信方式数字通信数字信号形成简单抗干扰力强失真
电磁波
产生：迅速变化电流产生电磁波
传播：电磁波真空中传播传播速度光样
电磁波波速伯成河频率
应：广播电视移动电话通信
越越宽信息旅
微波通信：微波传递信息通信方式微波通信微薄波长10m1mm间频率30mhz3*10^5mhz间
卫星通信：助球步通信卫星传递信息卫星通信克服微波着球表面传播足（微波着直线传播）
光纤通信：通光导纤维传递信息光纤通信光纤通信特点携带信息量
网络通信：通计算机完成形式电子邮件
高中物理教学工作总结
物理学科德育渗透计划
物理教育专业荐信模板
第二篇：八物理第章总结
八年级物理第七单元知识总结
重力
1重力：球吸引物体受力
2重力：物体受重力物体质量成正
gmgg98nkg
3重力方：竖直
4重力作点：重心
力
1力三素：
力方作点影响力作效果称力三素
2力物体物体作
3力作相互
4力作效果：
(1)物体发生形变
(2)改变物体运动状态
5力表示法
弹力
．弹簧测力计方法：
1前：
观察弹簧测力计0刻线量程分度值
2测量时：
弹簧测力计受力方轴线方
3观察时：
视线必须刻度盘垂直
二弹力：物体发生弹性形变时产生力
物体发生弹性形变越产生弹力越
拉力压力等属弹力
三力测量
工具：测力计弹簧测力计实验室常种
原理：受拉力越弹簧伸长越长
方法：观察调零读数
第三篇：八理期末复资料
第五章 中国理差异
1根理位置然文差异国划分四理区域：北方区南方区西北区青藏区
2分界线秦岭—淮河线划分导素气温降水青藏区区划分导素形
第二节 北方区南方区
（2）温带（陆性）季风气候气候特点：夏季高温雨冬季寒冷干燥 （2）城市建设发展中注意保持旧城基格局原风貌时兴建铁国家奥林匹克体育中心中华世纪坛高级旅游饭店住宅区等现代建筑 5中关村国早高科技园区
第二节 特行政区——香港澳门
1邻港澳区世界口密度高区
2制度：香港澳门国两特行政区国实行政策祖国实行社会义制度香港澳门实行资义制度
3陆祖国然资源劳动力资源丰富低廉香港拥丰富资金技术理验进行紧密济合作优势互补互惠互利
影响：西部区—资源优势变济优势迅速增加财政收入推动相关产业发展增加业机会东部区—缓解东部区源短缺问题天然气清洁源西气东输改善东部环境
第节 沟壑横特殊形区——黄土高原
1 2然状况：
（1）范围：东起太行山西乌鞘岭南连秦岭北抵长城属暖温带半干旱区位第二级阶梯四理区域北方区位黄河中游区
（2）黄土物质源——风成说占导位黄土高原黄土物质中亚蒙古等荒漠戈壁吹貌特征千沟万壑 3水土流失：
原：（1）然：黄土土质疏松特性降水集中78月暴雨 （2）：表裸露缺少植保护类活动植破坏 危害：（1）带走表肥沃土壤农作物产量降（2）沟谷增扩加深导致耕面积减少
（3）黄河游输送泥沙游形成河河道整治防洪造成巨困难
国水土流失严重区黄土高原位第二级阶梯
4脆弱生态环境：黄土高原形破碎气候较干旱仅水土流失严重种然灾害频发：旱灾洪涝灾害泥石流滑坡塌陷严重然灾害旱涝灾害
5生态建设环境改善：
（1）植树种草等生物措施建梯田修挡土坝等工程措施相结合治理水土流失 （2）控制口增长合理安排生产活动陡坡退耕林草度放牧方减少放牧牲畜数量
第四篇：八物理期中考试复点
期中 复点
电压电源作什？电压作什
提供电压电路中产生电流
单位伏特(v)千伏(kv) 毫伏（mv）
1 kv103v1 mv 103v
二电压表
（）两量程03v015v
分度值：01v05v
（二）电压表遵循原
1电压表测元件联 否：测出测电压值
2电流正接线柱进入负接线柱流出否：指针会反转动会损坏电压表
3超电压表量程否：仅法测量电压值会损坏电压表
（三）读电压表方法
1确定量程
2确定量程分度值
3根指针位置读出电压值
三 电阻
影响导体电阻素实验控制变量法 结
（1）导体电阻导体材料关
（2）导体材料横截面积相时导体越长电阻越
（3）导体材料长度相时导体横截面积越电阻越
（4）导体加热温度升高电流表示数变表明导体电阻变说明导体电阻温度关数导体说温度越高电阻
四变阻器
1原理 改变电路中电流
2 搭配
3 1）串联电路中（2）解铭牌 3）前应滑片放阻值位置
五 实验目：探究电流电压电阻关系实验程重
（）实验容：1保持电阻变研究电流电压关系
2保持电压变研究电流电阻关系
（二）结
电阻定时通导体电流导体两端电压成正
电压定时导体中电流导体电阻成反
（三）欧姆定律：导体中电流导体两端电压成正导体电阻成反
u公式： ir
（四）串联电路iur关系
（1）i＝i1＝i22）u＝u1+u2 3）r串＝r1+r2
（2）i＝i1+i22）u＝u1＝u21
r＝1r1+ 1r2
五电
电测量工具电表
1220v电表应该220v电路中（额定电压220v）
210a（20a）10a标定电流10a额定电流20a
350hz电表50h交流电中
4600rkwh电器消耗1千瓦时电电表转盘转动600转
52014impkwh电器消耗1千瓦时电脉闪2014次
六电功率表示电器消耗电快慢
1定义电器1秒钟消耗电电功率
2公式：pwtui
36w物理意义：11秒做功6j2电器1秒钟消耗电6j 4 额定功率相两灯泡
①额定功率灯泡电阻
②联时额定功率灯泡较亮串联额定功率灯泡较亮
③额定电压相两灯泡串联起接额定电压电路消耗总功率额定功率
u实u额p实p额
七测量功率
1电表秒表测量电器功率：
①原理：pwt
②测量仪器：电表秒表
③方法：家中电器关闭然测电器接入家庭电路中正常工作秒表记录t时间电表表盘转转根电表铭牌物理意义记录出电器消耗电w根pwt计算出测电器功率
2电压表电流表测出灯泡功率
①原理：pui
②方法：伏安法
③电路图
④器材：电源开关滑动变阻器灯泡电压表电流表导线干（7根） ⑤步骤
⑥实验表格
⑦实验结
a灯泡发光程度灯泡`实际功率决定额定功率关
b测量灯泡电压实际功率
⑧滑动变阻器作
a保护电路
b改变灯泡两端电压改变电路中电流
c实现次测量寻找普遍规律
⑨注意
a连接电路前开关定断开b闭合开关滑片p移阻值处
第五篇：新目标八期末复书面表达训练范文
话题：谈（运时句子）the life in the future
范文：in the future there will be computers in each homethey will help us know more about the world we will be able to talk onlinekids won`t go to school and study at home on computers scientists will make lots of robotsthey can help us do some homework for examplecooking cleaningand i think there will be more cars and pollutionso we should grow more trees and find other useful solutions to protect our environmentin a word the life in the world will be wonderful
话题二：问题建议（运提建议句子）范文1：问题 dear mary
i have a problem these days and i need your helpi am not getting on well with some of my
classmatesi don`t know whylast sunday one of my classmates had a birhtday party at home she invited all the classmates except me i feel worried and i don`t know what to do could you tell me what i should dobob
范文2：建议dear bob
i have known your problemsthere are a lot of things you could do here are some advice for youfrom your letteri know you have different ideas about your classmates i think you should have a talk with himbecause you can understand each other better or maybe you could write a letter to himgive him a
birhtday gifthe will feel very surprisedi believe you can find a better way good luck话题三：记述发生事情（进行时）范文：听说练unit 3（p86）
话题四：成绩单介绍学情况（间接引语句子）范文：dear mum
i finished my endof year exams last week and got my report card todayi always feel nervous when i got my report card but luckily i did ok this timemy chinse teacher said i was the best in classbecause i had a really hard time with it but my worst report was from my math teacherhe said i was lazyand my science teacher said i could do better that`s all for my report card best wishestom
话题五：晚会规定范文：there will be an english party from 5pm to 9 pm on fridayyou can come to the party with your friendshere are some rules you muat rememberdon`t bring food and drinks to the partydon`t leave during the partyyou mustn`t wear jeansif you wear jeans we won`t let you inand please bring your id card
话题六爱范文网：i like to collect many thingssuch as nice stonesnames of moviesbookstoysphotos of famous peoplebut i like collecting stamps besti have been collecting stamps for five yearswhen i was very youngmy uncle sent me a stamp from australiai loved it at oncesince then i tried to collect stamps and fell in love with iti have more than one hundred stampssome were sent by my friendssome were collected by myselfsome were from foiregn countriessome were chinesei like themofteni take them out and show them to my friends
话题七：提出请求（提请求句子）范文：dear mr smith
i am glad to be your neighborhoodi know your work must be tiredbecause you got home very latehowever i don`t like sleep too latewould you mind not make too much noise would you mind turning down your tvcould you please keep quieti am sorry to disturb youbut i think you can understand medon`t youthanks
话题八：介绍宠物 many people like animlsi like dogs bestthey are popular petsbecause they are easy to take care of they are cheaper than rabbits or catsbut they are not quiet enoughi like my dog very muchat night he watches tv on my legs with me when i do my homeworkhe is always around
mewhen i have some sad things i enjoy talking with himhe`s my best friend
话题九：介绍想事工作学英语情况（现完成时句子）
范文：i want to be an english teacher when i grow up if i become a teacheri will work with childrni will be happybut i won`t be famousi love children and endlishhowevermy english was poor beforefor my dream i decided to work hard i `ve been studying english for two years i think speaking is the most important in english study so i often talk with classmates in englishit helped me a loti decide to try hard to make my english better
话题十：某次旅行见闻three years ago i went to beijing with my parentsbefore it i have never been therein beijingwe vistited many interst of placesfor eamplethe great wall tian`anmen square and the summer palacein tian`anmen square there were many tourists theresome were chatting with frinedssome were taking photosand i met a foreigneri talked with him in englishhe said beijing was very beautiful and chinese people were friendlyi was very happy to hear that
话题十：感谢信(教材unit10 p80)
话题十二：准备晚会
范文：today is kelly＇ s birthdayshe is my best friendi＇ m going to have a surprise party for her in my housei invited leinasallymaciaand many other friendsall of them are teenagersleina promised to bring some drinkssally will bring some snacksdavid said he would bring some flowers and picturesi bought a big cake and a present for heri am going to get ready for a special meali bought humburgersfrench friesand i made some saladkelly likes hamburgers and fruit saladmacia likes cakes and i like french friesi think all of us will laugh and sing and dancekelly must be excited 话题十三：学英语方法：dear lin tao
i am glad to receive your last letter you want to know how to learn english well here is my adviceyou mustn’t give up whatever you meet any difficulties that you meet every day you should spend some time in learning english remember as many english words as possible and try your best to use themread english books magazines or newspapers as often as you can it is useful and important for you to improve your english i think listening or singing english songs can make you more interested in english learning
hope you make great progress in your english learningyours zhangpeng 话题十四：致谦信：dear tom
thank you very much for inviting me to your birthday partyi＇d love to go but i can＇tmy parents are out on businessthey are coming back next monthand now i have to look after my grandma because she is ill in bedand i also need to study for my coming endofyear exami＇m very sorry but i can＇t go to your partythank you for asking mei hope you can have a good time
话题十五：暑假期末复星沙英语li ping the summer holidays are coming soonseveral days ago i was very tired because iwas busy doing a lot of exercisesnow i`m having examssome of my classmats are nervous about the examsbut i`m very happy in a few daysi am going to have a good rest during the holidays i will go sightseeing at the same time i am also going to visit my friends and relatives i am sure i will spend my holidays happily
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