关辩逻辑
辩中行效方法理念逻辑说服读者增强辩效果果逻辑清会犯逻辑错误影响辩说服力事实常犯逻辑错误电视报纸里时交谈中会知觉走入逻辑思维歧途面片段美国作家雪莉•杰克逊短篇说彩票作品刻意描写村民旧传统奴役愚昧亚斯先生旧传统化身长者华纳话中长者说话逻辑错误里逻辑错误隐蔽性频率见斑
they do say mr adams said to old man warner who stood next to him that over in the north village they’re talking of giving up the lottery
old man warner snorted pack of crazy fools he said listening to the young folks nothing’s good enough for them next thing you know they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves nobody work any more live that way for a while used to be saying about lottery in june corn be heavy soon’ first thing you know we’d all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns there’s always been a lottery he added petulantly
长者华纳面短短五句话里犯五逻辑错误中包括四种类型：
(1) 身攻击：pack of crazy fools he said listening to the young folks nothing’s good enough for them
身攻击逻辑错误做法攻击方反驳方观点具体逻辑思维果证明证明观点样值提面两种说法犯样错误：
a critic is a crippled coach who teaches running
dr brown’s counseling on marriage can’t be worth much he’s been divorced twice
(2) 滑坡效应： next thing you know they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves first thing you know we’d all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns
滑坡效应逻辑错误预测事情第步发生(第步预测者愿意)坏会接踵放光滑斜坡物体样米诺骨牌样运动旦起动发收拾种思维方式目事情描写坏程度样鼓动反起动块骨牌合逻辑关系面两滑坡效应例子：
(about nosmoking tables in restaurants) perhaps those in power are aware that if the new yorker was compelled to deal with just one more factor in deciding on a restaurant there would be a mass return to home cooking
if cigarette ads are banned now ads for other products such as fast cars liquor beer etc will be banned before long
(3) 疑原：lottery in june corn be heavy soon
追究事情发生原部分根源关素没必然果关系果种素成导致某种结果必然原犯疑原逻辑错误
面两例子疑原逻辑错误：
a research study demonstrated that children who watched my two dads rather than cheers made higher grades in school so my two dads must be more educational than cheers
the number of juveniles arrested for serious and violent crimes in the united states increased 1600 percent between the years 1952 and 1872 since this is the very period in which television became ascendant in the lives of american children and since the programs children watched were saturated with crime and destruction it is reasonable to argue that television was responsible for the skyrocketing increase in juvenile crime
(4) 非逻辑关系：there’s always been a lottery
非逻辑关系意思没逻辑关系英文it does not follow意思面两例：
cindy lives across the street from her cousin consequently the two have developed a warm relationship
marijuana should be legalized one of the reasons is that it serves as a pain killer for headaches cramps and other routine ailments and has been used as such for thousands of years
逻辑错误通常分两种：形式逻辑错误(formal fallacies)容逻辑错误(material fallacies)形式逻辑错误源三段推理形式错误类错误违反三段推理原推理前提结间缺乏必逻辑形式关系容逻辑错误涉推理容推理前提身正确准确面分析长者华纳四种逻辑错误属容逻辑错误谈逻辑错误前必须解逻辑基类型形式面简单介绍纳演绎推理三段推理形式
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辩中行效方法理念逻辑说服读者增强辩效果果逻辑清会犯逻辑错误影响辩说服力事实常犯逻辑错误电视报纸里时交谈中会知觉走入逻辑思维歧途面片段美国作家雪莉•杰克逊短篇说彩票作品刻意描写村民旧传统奴役愚昧亚斯先生旧传统化身长者华纳话中长者说话逻辑错误里逻辑错误隐蔽性频率见斑
they do say mr adams said to old man warner who stood next to him that over in the north village they’re talking of giving up the lottery
old man warner snorted pack of crazy fools he said listening to the young folks nothing’s good enough for them next thing you know they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves nobody work any more live that way for a while used to be saying about lottery in june corn be heavy soon’ first thing you know we’d all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns there’s always been a lottery he added petulantly
长者华纳面短短五句话里犯五逻辑错误中包括四种类型：
(1) 身攻击：pack of crazy fools he said listening to the young folks nothing’s good enough for them
身攻击逻辑错误做法攻击方反驳方观点具体逻辑思维果证明证明观点样值提面两种说法犯样错误：
a critic is a crippled coach who teaches running
dr brown’s counseling on marriage can’t be worth much he’s been divorced twice
(2) 滑坡效应： next thing you know they’ll be wanting to go back to living in caves first thing you know we’d all be eating stewed chickweed and acorns
滑坡效应逻辑错误预测事情第步发生(第步预测者愿意)坏会接踵放光滑斜坡物体样米诺骨牌样运动旦起动发收拾种思维方式目事情描写坏程度样鼓动反起动块骨牌合逻辑关系面两滑坡效应例子：
(about nosmoking tables in restaurants) perhaps those in power are aware that if the new yorker was compelled to deal with just one more factor in deciding on a restaurant there would be a mass return to home cooking
if cigarette ads are banned now ads for other products such as fast cars liquor beer etc will be banned before long
(3) 疑原：lottery in june corn be heavy soon
追究事情发生原部分根源关素没必然果关系果种素成导致某种结果必然原犯疑原逻辑错误
面两例子疑原逻辑错误：
a research study demonstrated that children who watched my two dads rather than cheers made higher grades in school so my two dads must be more educational than cheers
the number of juveniles arrested for serious and violent crimes in the united states increased 1600 percent between the years 1952 and 1872 since this is the very period in which television became ascendant in the lives of american children and since the programs children watched were saturated with crime and destruction it is reasonable to argue that television was responsible for the skyrocketing increase in juvenile crime
(4) 非逻辑关系：there’s always been a lottery
非逻辑关系意思没逻辑关系英文it does not follow意思面两例：
cindy lives across the street from her cousin consequently the two have developed a warm relationship
marijuana should be legalized one of the reasons is that it serves as a pain killer for headaches cramps and other routine ailments and has been used as such for thousands of years
逻辑错误通常分两种：形式逻辑错误(formal fallacies)容逻辑错误(material fallacies)形式逻辑错误源三段推理形式错误类错误违反三段推理原推理前提结间缺乏必逻辑形式关系容逻辑错误涉推理容推理前提身正确准确面分析长者华纳四种逻辑错误属容逻辑错误谈逻辑错误前必须解逻辑基类型形式面简单介绍纳演绎推理三段推理形式
文档香网(httpswwwxiangdangnet)户传
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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