陕西西安清真寺英文导游词
The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane
The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60000 Moslems in Xi’an likewise an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government Unlike the Arabic mosques with splendid domes the minarets reaching into the clouds the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles
However any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up
Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century AD and was introduced to China in the mid600s At that time Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic trade and military contacts with China In the meantime another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou Quanzhou Huangzhou Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems
However massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century when Genghis Khan as a result of his expedition against the west had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe including the north of Iran Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China
Among the enlisted many were soldiers and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty In the wake of the conquest Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere In the Yuan dynasty many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty Therefore all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats In the early 16th century Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis the Uygurs the Kazaks the Kirgizes the Tajiks the Tartars the Ozbeks the Dong Xiangs the Salars and the Bonans The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis being a small portion out of the ten million in China
The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an and at the same time it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale and well preserved mosques in China
According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty However the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12000 square meters out of which about 4000 are occupied by various structures The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard built at the turn of the 17th century with glazed tiles on the top spectacular corners and upturned eaves is about 9 metres high and has a history of about 360 years The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu May Buddhism Fill the Universe on the other Royal Bestowedby Dong Qichang another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall where a month tablet showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic is stored It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty A three Cstoreyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Toweralso stands in the center of the courtyard which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship Respectively on the south and north wings of the tower are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber both elegantly laid out The five wooden houses which are called Water Housesin the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services The Pavilion in fact is a compound structure of three small buildings The sixgabled structure of the central part adjoining the two threegabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix and hence its name Just at the back of the Pavilion there is a fishpond beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2 Across both ends of the platform stands the 1300 square metered service hall holding over a thousand worshipers at once There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings The imam leads his group of worshipers while facing in the direction of Mecca to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage
The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world They worship five times a day at dawn at noon in the afternoon at dusk and at night Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers usually at home Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes They are teetotalers not only of wine but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean According to Koran a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out However except a few places in Xinjiang the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out Upon his death a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned(thoroughly bathed) has to be put on Ke Fan(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral
The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted And of course the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the countr
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The Great Mosque at Huajue Lane
The Mosque is a major spot for religious activities of over 60000 Moslems in Xi’an likewise an important cultural relic protected by the Provincial People’s Government Unlike the Arabic mosques with splendid domes the minarets reaching into the clouds the coulourful engraved sketches with dazzling patterns the Mosque here in Xi’an possesses much Chinese traditional touch in both its design and artistic outlook besides the style peculiar to Islamic mosques this Mosque also holds characteristics of Chinese pavilions with painted beams and engraved ridgepoles
However any further discussion about the Mosque will be futile unless anything of the introduction of Islam into China is brought up
Islam as a religious order was founded in the early period of the 7th century AD and was introduced to China in the mid600s At that time Arabian merchants and travelers came to the northwest of China by way of Persia and Afghanistan and thus established diplomatic trade and military contacts with China In the meantime another route saw a batch of sea voyagers through Bangladesh Bay and the Malacca Strait to China’s Guangzhou Quanzhou Huangzhou Yangzhou and other cities where many of them settled down and married the local women who later gave birth to babies who then became Moslems
However massive immigration of the Moslems to China did not take place until as late as the early period of the 13th century when Genghis Khan as a result of his expedition against the west had conquered vast expanses of land stretching from Central Asia to Eastern Europe including the north of Iran Many of the Moslems in the conquered areas were thus forced to enlist and later settled in China
Among the enlisted many were soldiers and some were smiths and officials who were called the Hui people in the history books on the Yuan dynasty The Hui people later followed Kublai Khan down to the south helping him unifying China and then establish the Yuan dynasty In the wake of the conquest Islam spread all over China and mosques began to appear everywhere In the Yuan dynasty many Moslems held positions both in the military and civilian organs of the country And a lot of the Moslems took part in Zhu Yuanzhang’s uprising in the early 14th century and made great contributions to the founding of the Ming Dynasty Therefore all the emperors of the Dynasty issued mandates to protect Islam and to set up mosques in praise of the Moslems for their feats In the early 16th century Islam predominated Qinghai on the minority nationalities including the Huis the Uygurs the Kazaks the Kirgizes the Tajiks the Tartars the Ozbeks the Dong Xiangs the Salars and the Bonans The Moslems in Xi’an are mainly the Huis being a small portion out of the ten million in China
The Mosque at Hua Jue Lane is the largest in Xi’an and at the same time it is also one of the earliest built on a comparatively large scale and well preserved mosques in China
According to the Stele on the Building of the Mosque the mosque is said to be built in the Tang Dynasty However the architectural style of the mosque suggests a possible building dating back to the Ming Dynasty The four courtyards of the mosque cover an area of more than 12000 square meters out of which about 4000 are occupied by various structures The still intact wooden front memorial gateway of the front yard built at the turn of the 17th century with glazed tiles on the top spectacular corners and upturned eaves is about 9 metres high and has a history of about 360 years The stone memorial gateway in the center of the second courtyard is flanked with a tail stele on either side with dragons carved on each recording the repair work ever since the building of the Mosque On the back of one of the steles are engraved characters by the master calligrapher Mi Fu May Buddhism Fill the Universe on the other Royal Bestowedby Dong Qichang another master of the same art of the Ming dynasty They are treasures in Chinese calligraphy At the entrance of the third courtyard is an imperial built hall where a month tablet showing the calculation of the Hui Calendars in Arabic is stored It was compiled by a man in charge of the mosque called Xiao Mining in the early period of the Qing dynasty A three Cstoreyed octagonal wooden structure called Retrospection Toweralso stands in the center of the courtyard which has the same function as the minaret in Islamic temples in Arabic countries and which is a place from where orders were sent to call the Moslems to come to worship Respectively on the south and north wings of the tower are a reception chamber and a Scripture Chamber both elegantly laid out The five wooden houses which are called Water Housesin the southwest section of the Mosque are the place where the believers bathe themselves before they attend their services And in side the fourth courtyard there is a structure called the Pavilion of Phoenix a place where the worshipers used to wait for the services The Pavilion in fact is a compound structure of three small buildings The sixgabled structure of the central part adjoining the two threegabled buildings on each side looks very much like a flying phoenix and hence its name Just at the back of the Pavilion there is a fishpond beyond which is a platform occupying an area as large as 700 m2 Across both ends of the platform stands the 1300 square metered service hall holding over a thousand worshipers at once There are over six hundred sunk panels well as the sunk panels are decorated with patterns of painted trailing plants and Arabic letterings The imam leads his group of worshipers while facing in the direction of Mecca to chant in Koran and to pay their religious homage
The Moslems in China share very much the same customs with their brothers and sisters elsewhere in the world They worship five times a day at dawn at noon in the afternoon at dusk and at night Female worshipers attend their services in a separated place from their brothers usually at home Moslems pay special attention to their health and see that they always wear clean clothes They are teetotalers not only of wine but also of pork and animal blood for in Koran pigs have been mentioned four times as being unclean According to Koran a man can have four wives and women should wear veils when they go out However except a few places in Xinjiang the Chinese practise monogamy and women are veiless when they go out Upon his death a Moslem has to be thoroughly cleaned(thoroughly bathed) has to be put on Ke Fan(to be shrouded with a piece of white cloth) and has to be buried coffinless in the ground with an imam reciting Scriptures at the funeral
The Chinese constitution promulgates that freedom of religion of each citizen and freedom of preserving or reforming local customs for every nationality are permitted And of course the Moslems in China enjoy equal rights with peoples of other nationalities and their religious beliefs and customs are respected everywhere in the countr
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