2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析

2017年考研英语试题答案解析
Section Ⅰ Use of English
Directions
Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A B C or D on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)

Could a hug a day keep the doctor away The answer may be a resounding yes_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind Believe it or not a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter
In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants＇ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold and the researchers_____（9）that the stressreducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect _____（11）among those who got a cold the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）
Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that＇s usually _____（14）with stress notes Sheldon Cohen a professor of psychology at Carnegie Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty
Some experts_____（17）the stressreducing healthrelated benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin often called the bonding hormone_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships including that between mothers and their newborn babies Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain and some of it is released into the bloodstream But some of it _____（19）in the brain where it _____（20）mood behavior and physiology
1 A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite
2 A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior
3 A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice
4 A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep
5 A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving
6 A．on B．in C．at D．of
7 A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed
8 A．along B．across C．down D．out
9 A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated
10A．served B．restored C．explained D．required
11A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even
12A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests
13A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized
14A．presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared
15A．assess B．generate C．moderate D．record
16 A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of
17A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return
18A．unless B．because C．though D．until
19A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases
20A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influences

1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite
答案A
解析根句句逻辑关系it turns out that hugs…说明拥抱结果前文逻辑关系应该外结合选项A．Besides（外）合适

2A．equalB．restrictedC．connectedD．inferior
答案C
解析题实逻辑关系题根句子前结构helping you feel close and _____（2）判断空格处前面容通and连接说明选择单词feel close义面介词to 连通四选项含义判断C选项关联含义符合

3A．viewB．hostC．lessonD．choice
答案B
解析题固定搭配a host of表示量选项搭配合理

4A．avoidB．forgetC．recallD．keep
答案A
解析根题干信息a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter中出现even表示甚说明句话句话存递进逻辑关系句话语义表示拥抱带量处句话应该表示拥抱处根四选项含义A．avoid（避免）B．forget（忘记）C．recall（回忆）D．keep（保持）A选项避免生病符合文意

5A．collectingB．affectingC．guidingD．involving
答案D
解析题考查现分词做置定语需选择现分词修饰前面study结合四选项A．collecting（收集）B．affecting（影响）C．guiding(引导)D．involving（涉卷入）根句子含义应该表达关涉400研究正确选项应D

6A．onB．inC．atD．of
答案A
解析题固定搭配根句义examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants＇…考查固定搭配examined the effects…on sth题正确选项A

7A．devotedB．attractedC．lostD．exposed
答案D
解析根句义common cold after being_____（7）to the virus通常感细菌发生结合选项含义A．devoted（致力）B．attracted（吸引）C．lost（丢失）D．exposed(暴露)D选项暴露细菌中…符合文意

8A．alongB．acrossC．downD．out
答案C
解析题固定搭配A．come along with(相处)B．come across with（偿付）C．come down with（病感染）D．come out with（出版提出）结合语境根面cold（感）搭配C选项感搭配合理

9A．imaginedB．deniedC．doubtedD．calculated
答案D
解析题动词宾语句搭配问题根原文the researchers_____（9）that the stressreducing effects of hugging_____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect动作语研究员连接面宾语句拥抱减压力作数支撑选项含义A．imagined（想）B．denied（否认）C．doubted（怀疑）D．calculated（计算推测）宾语句部分应研究员计算推测出结果选项D符合求

10A．servedB．restoredC．explainedD．required
答案C
解析题动词含义考查根文章容the stressreducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect题样考查研究员做出研究结果结合选项含义A．served（服务）B．restored（存储）C．explained（解释）D．required（求）C选项解释符合语境求

11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even
答案D
解析题逻辑关系题A．Thus（表示果关系）B．Still（然表示强调关系）C．Rather（相反表示关系）D．Even（甚表示递进关系）根文章文逻辑文文做进步说明选择递进关系较符合逻辑关系D正确选项

12A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests
答案B
解析形容词名词搭配问题根语境the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）选词
severe构成合理搭配结合前文语境关拥抱实验结果B．symptoms(症状)符合语境求正确选项B

13A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlledD．minimized
答案B
解析题形容词修饰根原文Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that＇s usually _____（14）with stress需选择形容词修饰risk选项中A．highlighted（突出）B．increased（增加）C．controlled（控制）D．minimized（）选项含义B增加风险更符合原文语境

14A．presentedB．equippedC．associatedD．compared
答案C
解析题固定搭配题A B选项with连接C．associatedwith连接意关联D．comparedwith连接表示相符合文章求题正确选项C

15A．assessB．generateC．moderateD．record
答案B
解析题考查动宾搭配根原文Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling…需选择动词够文the feeling搭配分析选项含义：A．assess（评估）B．generate（产生）C．moderate（缓）D．record（记录）四选项中Bgenerate the feeling产生感觉搭配合理正选B

16A．in the name ofB．in the form ofC．in the face ofD．in the way of
答案C
解析题短语搭配题分析选项含义A．in the name of（…名）B．in the form of（…形式）C．in the face of（面…）D．in the way of（…方式）结合文章语境应面困难搭配合理正确选项C

17A．attributeB．commitC．transferD．return
答案A
解析题固定搭配题：attribute sth to sth 正确选项A

18A．unlessB．becauseC．thoughD．until
答案B
解析题逻辑关系题选项含义A．unless（非）B．because（）C．though（然）D．until（直）结合原文语境often called the bonding hormone_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships（常称形成亲密关系荷尔蒙…促进关系赖）句前文属果逻辑关系正确选项B

19A．remainsB．emergesC．vanishesD．decreases
答案A
解析题动词辨析选项含义A．remains（然）B．emerges（出现）C．vanishes（消失）D．decreases（减少）结合语境信息But some of it _____（19）in the brain CD选项文章含义相反B 选项表示种动作A选项表示然脑里存符合文章求正确选项A
where it _____（20）mood behavior and physiology

20A．experiencesB．combinesC．justifiesD．influences
答案D
解析题动词辨析选项含义A．experiences（历）B．combines（结合）C．justifies（某辩护证明合理）D．influences（影响）根原文语境where it _____（20）mood behavior and physiology够搭配面列三宾语情绪行生理D影响正确选项D

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions
Read the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing A B C or D Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET （40 points）
Text 1

First two hours now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight at least at some major US airports with increasingly massive security lines
Americans are willing to tolerate timeconsuming security protocols in return for increased safety The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea provides another tragic reminder of why But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process And it should Wasted time is a drag on Americans＇ economic and private lives not to mention infuriating
Last year the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried Enhanced security measures since then combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago＇s O＇Hare International It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carryon bags to avoid checkedbaggage fees though the airlines strongly dispute this
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire Enroll more people in the
PreCheck program PreCheck is supposed to be a winwin for travelers and the TSA Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk saving time for everyone involved TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck
It has not gotten anywhere close to that and one big reason is sticker shock Passengers must pay 85 every five years to process their background checks Since the beginning this price tag has been PreCheck＇s fatal flaw Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level But Congress should look into doing so directly by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines It is long past time to make the program work

21 The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to
[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks
[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide
[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports
[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection

22 Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports
[A] New restrictions on carryon bags
[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA
[C] An increase in the number of travellers
[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks

23 The word expedited (Liner 4 Para 5) is closet in meaning to
[A] quieter
[B] cheaper
[C] wider
[D] faster

24 One problem with the PreCheck program is
[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale
[B] its wronglydirected implementation
[C] the government’s reluctance to back it
[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment

25 Which of the following would be the best  title for the text
[A] Less Screening for More Safety
[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution
[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines
[D] Underused
PreCheck Lanes

答案：2125 ACDDC
21 答案Aexplain American’s tolerance of current security checks
解析：题目例证题考察点根题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位第二段第二句例证题中例子找答案点点前该题目答案第二段第句话二段首句说美国愿意忍受长时间安全检查正确答案AAmerican’s tolerance原文Americans are willing to tolerate原词复现current security checks原文timeconsuming security 义转化干扰项Burgency to strengthen security worldwide原文未提worldwide属扩范围选项Cmajor US major airports属具体信息干扰选项Dprivacy 隐私未提常识性干扰
22 答案CAn increase in the number of travelers
解析：题目原细节题根题干中long waits at major airports定位原文第三段第二句原文resulted in 题干中contributed to义转化定位容提升安全措施航空旅游增加正确答案Can increase in the number of travelers 原文a rise in airline travel义换干扰项Acarryon bags第四段句出现非定位句容选项BTSA efficiency出现第四段选项Dunexpected secret checks未提
23 答案Dfaster
解析：题目词义句意题考察文逻辑关系根题干定位第5段第3句Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes结合句中样会saving time for everyone involved节省时间安检选项应答案D faster更快干扰项A更安静选项B更便宜选项C更广泛关属常识性干扰
24 答案Dan unreasonable price for enrollment
解析：题目具体细节题根题干关键词problem with the PreCheck program定位倒数第二段第二句话 this price tag has been the PreCheck’s fatal flaw句中代词this代词指代段第句话说Passengers必须五年pay 85美元做background checks正确答案D中unreasonable price 原文85美元enrollment原文process background checks干扰项A规模极具滑未提选项C错误执行属度推理选项C政府愿意支持原文曲解
25 答案CGetting Stuck in Security Lines
解析：题目全文旨题全文中心题出现第段二段首句范围第段介绍事实背景第二段首句提美国安全检查方面状况文提出现问题正确答案C安检流程线陷入困境原文总结概括干扰项AScreening 原文具体细节选项B选项DPreCheck原文三段容

Text 2
The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers wrote Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii＇s last reigning monarch in 1897 Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society Sadly all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity＇s view of the cosmos
At issue is the TMT＇s planned location on Mauna Kea a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world＇s most powerful telescopes Rested in the Pacific Ocean Mauna Kea＇s peak rises above the bulk of our planet＇s dense atmosphere where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea＇s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands＇ inhabitants Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today
Yet science has a cultural history too with roots going back to the dawn of civilization The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii＇s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are where we come from and where we are going Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars

26 Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates
[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy
[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society
[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times

[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time

27 Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to
[A] its geographical features
[B] its protective surroundings
[C] its religious implications
[D] its existing infrastructure

28 The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because
[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life
[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history
[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival
[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea

29 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy  
[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians
[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world
[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture
[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility

30 The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of
[A] severe criticism
[B] passive acceptance
[C] slight hesitancy
[D] full approval

答案：2630 BABCD
26 答案Bthe importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society
解析：题目具体细节题根题干中关键词Queen Liliuokalaniremark定位第段第句indicate容第段第二句话意思观星者Hawaiian社会中受尊重成员正确选项Bthe importance of astronomy原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members总结概括in ancient Hawaiian society原文原词出现干扰项Ahistorical role属原文信息曲解选项Cregrettable decline未提度推理选项Din her time评ancient观星者
27 答案Aits geographical features
解析：题目具体细节题根题干中写字母Mauna Kea关键词ideal astronomical site定位第二段But面容But面说Mauna Kea世界力量远镜home题目问原定位段句里提Mauna Kea顶峰高部分浓密气层选项A中geographical features质特色意思属义换干扰项
B受保护周边环境未提常识性干扰选项C宗教暗示根段首句worship进行干扰定位句里选项D现基础设施未提
28 答案Bit reminds them of a humiliating history
解析：题目属原细节题根题干关键词the construction of the TMTopposed by some locals定位第四段第二句里提a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation权国家遭占领痛苦提醒选项B中remind 原文原词复现a humiliating history（令耻辱历史）the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 义转化总结概括
29 答案Cmay uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture
解析：题目属细节推断题根题干定位第5段关键词progress in today’s astronomy第五段中没种情况考虑段落中心段段首段尾转句先首句答案段尾句提许探索星际空间原会回答关真正祖先原始回答选项C首先may原文as if解读uncover 义换answerthe origin of Hawaiian culture原文ourselves and our true ancestral homes义转化干扰项Adreams段中没干扰项BHawaiian culture段提未指出across the world干扰项Dsoften hostility属度推断
30 答案Dfull approval
解析：第段第二句 Sadly all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today意思悲夏威夷现天文学太妙现夏威夷天文学太妙处境作者sadly形容明明白白表达蓝瘦香菇夏威夷现太妙处境具体指什？句清楚说明Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity＇s view of the cosmos意思搞巨牛远镜居然意两句结合块作者态度明白支持建远镜段句里作者态度线索 There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars意思说跑接受文化遗产星星月亮毛欢迎？咳咳正点说no reasoncannot双重否定强调强调带点置信赶脚说夏威夷应该欢迎研究天文欣赏文化遗产cultural heritageeveryone具体篇文章文化遗产第五段第段说天文研究然应该包括想建天文远镜作者态度旗帜鲜明全力支持正确答案D

Text 3
Robert F Kennedy once said that a country＇s GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile With Britain voting to leave the European Union and GDP already predicted to slow as a result it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century Many argue that it is a flawed concept It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do By most recent measures the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world with record low unemployment
and high growth figures If everything was going so well then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into wellbeing sheds some light on that question Across the 163 countries measured the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens Rather than just focusing on GDP over 40 different sets of criteria from health education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing
While all of these countries face their own challenges there are a number of consistent themes Yes there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash but in key indicators in areas such as health and education major economies have continued to decline Yet this isn’t the case with all countries Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society income equality and environment
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success the world looks very different
So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations as a measure it is no longer enough It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person＇s sense of wellbeing
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our wellbeing and for growth But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving wellbeing rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress

31 Robert F Kennedy is cited because he
[A]praised the UK for its GDP
[B]identified GDP with happiness
[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP
[D]had a low opinion of GDP

32 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern
[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy
[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK

[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP

33 Which of the following is true about the recent annual study
[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator
[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries
[C]Its criteria are questionable
[D]Its results are enlightening

34 In the last two paragraphs the author suggests that
[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom
[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline
[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP
[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues

35 Which of the following is the best  for the text
[A]High GDP But Inadequate Wellbeing a UK lesson
[B]GDP figures a Window on Global Economic Health
[C] Robert F Kennedy a Terminator of GDP
[D]Brexit the UK’s Gateway to Wellbeing

答案：3135 DCDCA
31答案Dhad a low opinion of GDP
解析：题目问Robert引什根题目中名定位第段第句话Robert F Kennedy once said that a country＇s GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile句话说认国家GDP衡量东西生活意义事观点摆明RobertGDP持欣赏态度D选项 a low opinion高评价显然原文概括性描述选D

32 答案CGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK
解析：题目明确说第二段中找答案A选项中economic pattern原文中没直接表达二段末句···people vote for Brexit despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects中原文提投票脱欧警告样做会国家济前景影响说明英国怕改变现济状况A中reluctant情愿相符B选项中英国世界济贡献问题第二段中完全没提the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world英国GDP西方世界嫉妒表述C选项说GDP衡量幸福作英国普遍否定原文中第二段第二句说it is a flawed concept认GDP问题第三句紧接着说It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do表面GDP实忽视关键东西衡量幸福第四句第五句UK举例说英国GDP脱欧改变现状暗示生活整段说明英国认高GDP带生活C选项正形成正话反说正确选项
D选项policymakers第二段第句出现存谓英国policymakers更没谈否关注GDP

33 答案DIts results are enlightening
解析：题根题干中recent annual study定位第三段第句A recent annual study and sheds some light on that question句话中shed light on 短语亮阐释意思D选项中enlighten启发义转换正确答案

34．答案Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP
解析 ：题目知答案两段第六段第句··· as a measure it is no longer enough说明GDP谱第二句It does not include important factors···that contribute to a person＇s sense of wellbeing说明GDP没包含幸福素段句But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving wellbeing rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress明确说制定政策关注提高福利简单关注GDP数字句子C选项factors beyond GDP相符

35 答案AHigh GDP But Inadequate Wellbeing a UK lesson
解析：第段第句引名名言说GDP谱第二句英国脱欧举例说it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to表明英国脱欧证明说道理听听第二段继续说英国GDP高搞事——脱欧说明日子第三段第四段开始分析啥英国乖乖听话日子原福利退but in key indicators in areas such as health and education major economies have continued to decline第五段直接说富裕国家引戒：This is a lesson that rich countries can learn整篇文章题GDP谱福利力行英国脱欧例证A选项正包括三素High GDP Inadequate Wellbeinga UK lesson选A

Text 4
In a rare unanimous ruling the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor Robert McDonnell But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government
The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his official acts or the former governor’s decisions on specific and unsettled issues related to his duties
Merely helping a giftgiver gain access to other officials unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials is not corruption the justices found
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is distasteful and nasty But under antibribery laws proof must be made of concrete benefits such as approval of a contract or regulation Simply arranging a meeting making a phone call or hosting an event is not an official act

The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery The basic compact underlying representative government wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives not the courts to ensure equality of access to government Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift This type of integrity requires willenforced laws in government transparency such as records of official meetings rules on lobbying and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth
Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption But it is not always corruption Rather officials must avoid double standards or different types of access for average people and the wealthy If connections can be bought a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government is undermined Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual
The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism

36 The underlined sentence(Para1) most probably shows that the court
[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties
[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell
[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct
[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics

37 According to Paragraph 4 an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves
[A] concrete returns for giftgivers
[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts
[C] leaking secrets intentionally
[D] breaking contracts officially

38 The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are
[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters
[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues
[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents
[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism

39 Wellenforced laws in government transparency are needed to
[A] awaken the conscience of officials

[B] guarantee fair play in official access
[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying
[D] inspire hopes in average people

40 The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is
[A] sarcastic
[B] tolerant
[C] skeptical
[D] supportive

答案：3640 CBABD
36 答案Cwas contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct
解析：根题干中关键词The underlined sentence (para 1)快速回原文精确定位第段划线句子But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seekingaccess to government 联系文章第句话然高法院没判定Robert McDonnell受贿罪 holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct 道德行嗤鼻锁定C选项中 was contemptuous of 法院实非常轻视Robert McDonnell行文章D选项中出现 ethics原文中相词会混淆考生思维句话说拒绝道德标准评Robert McDonnell行

37 答案Bsizable gains in the form of gifts
解析：根题干中出信息知题文章第四段理解第四段推理出正确答案第四段But under antibribery laws proof must be made of concrete benefits such as approval of a contract or regulation Simply arranging a meeting making a phone call or hosting an event is not an official act知道腐败定义受贿者予行贿者实际处例 a contract or regulation 果提供具体处仅仅：arranging a meeting making a phone call or hosting an event 种行受贿出答案A

38 答案Aallowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters
解析：根题干中关键词The court’s ruling is don the assumption锁定文章第五段The basic compact underlying representative government wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns知道法院裁定建立听取选民意见利益行事原文中constituents应A选项 supporters支持者答案选择A

39 答案Bguarantee fair play in official access
解析：根题干中关键词Wellenforced laws in government transparency锁定文章第六段This type of integrity requires willenforced laws in government transparency such as records of official meetings rules on lobbying and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth
句话中找需信息this type of知道句话前面句子联系紧密追溯段第句话But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives not the courts to ensure equality of access to government 执法力度需加强市民选代表法院获接政府等机会equalityB选项fair play相应选B

40 答案Dsupportive
解析：题考察态度题文中句话 The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism出作者认法院裁定进步： a step forward出作者态度supportive sarcastic 尖酸挖苦tolerant：宽容容忍skeptical：怀疑



Part B
Directions
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order For questions 4145 you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list AG and filling them into the numbered boxes Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET（10 points）


[A] The first published sketch A Dinner at Polar Walk brought tears to Dickens＇s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches which appeared under the pen name Boz inThe Evening Chronicle earned him a modest reputation
[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers as it is generally known today secured Dickens＇s fame There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars and the plump spectacled hero Samuel Pickwick because a national figure
[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the thenfamous artist Robert Seymour who had originated the idea for the story With characteristic confidence Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour＇s pictures illustrate his own story instead After the first installment Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose Seymour made the change went into his backyard and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist The comic novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837
[D] Charles Dickens is probably the bestknown and to many people the greatest English novelist of the 19th century A moralist satirist and social reformer Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society
[E]Soon after his father＇s release from prison Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament At the same time Dickens who had a reporter＇s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd submitted short sketches to obscure magazines
[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth on England＇s southern coast His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office a respectable position but with little social status His paternal grandparents a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status having been servants and DickenslaterconcealedtheirbackgroundDicken＇s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family Yet two years before Dicken＇s birth his mother＇s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe never to return The family＇s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren＇s Blacking Warehouse a shoepolish factory where the other working boys mocked him as the young gentleman His father was then imprisoned for debt The humiliations of his father＇s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens＇s greatest wound and became his deepest secretHe could not confide them even to his wife although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction
[G] After Pickwick Dickens plunged into a bleaker world InOliver Twist he traces an orphan＇s progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums of London NicholasNickleby his next novel combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick The popularity of thesenovels consolidated Dickens＇ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters

41答案F
解析排序题关键收尾相接紧紧牢记纲考点致性衔接性想选出题首先确定段尾句说什做段尾句选择段落首句衔接41题取决出首段D选线D选项起统领全文作狄更斯进作品进行总体评价概括：狄更斯数说英国知名伟说家名道德家讽刺家社会先驱者说情节曲折物性格鲜明捕捉英国社会全景类物传式文章面会先减少生观选项难发现F选项首句出现Dickens was born in Portsmouth on England＇s southern coast位考生握was born出生关键词41题选择F选项

42答案E
解析想做出42题关键理解41题F选项尤F选项面部分认真研读F选项半段直介绍狄更斯童年历中父亲起作介绍父亲债务关进监狱狄更斯带羞耻感面黑工厂做工历性格行程起作浏览选项首句发现E选项开头Soon after his father＇s release from prison出现关键线索词父亲释放
E接4题F选项面42题选择E选项

43答案A
解析43题取决42题E选型尾句E选项前半句说狄更斯找份文职工作句At the same time Dickens who had a reporter＇s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd submitted short sketches to obscure magazines概意思说开始语言记录周围生活尤幽默奇怪形成杂志magazine 中基素材梗概sketches浏览选项首句容易发现A选项首句The first published sketch A Dinner at Polar Walk brought tears to Dickens＇s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches考生会发现复现词magazine sketches42题选择A选项

44答案C
解析44题取决43题A选项尾句A选项尾句说道狄更斯Boz笔名开始发表文章名气浏览选项首句会发现C选项首句出现Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared里会发现笔名原词复现44题选择C选项

45答案G
解析45题剩选项G验证G选项否适合放段什验证呢？利定段B选项取决B选项尾句否G选项首句衔接B选项尾句讲狄更斯说成功说中物匹克威带影响效应难发现G选项首句复现Pickwick时间线索词after45题选择G选项


Section III Translation
Directions
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
　　The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades
　　(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future
　　Complex international economic technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol
　　(47)His analysis should therefore end any selfcontentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities
　　David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations Alongside that(48)many countries are introducing English into the primaryschool curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages
　　If left to themselves such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages such as Spanish Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese French and German spreads
　　(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &13 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more As the international education market expands the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main Englishspeaking countries is likely to continue especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage
　　The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment That is a necessary and practical approach In this as in much else those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it
(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future
参考译文：英语者数断增加说英语越越然迹象表明英语语言全球导位久预见未许会慢慢衰退
句子解析：句简单句there be 结构句前步状语signs面that引导位语句signs进行进步补充说明位语句中谓结构the global predominance of the language 语may fade 谓语within结构时间状语expands词义应该选择常扩展意思应该结合前面搭配number选择增加意思
(47)His analysis should therefore end any selfcontentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities
参考译文：卫格兰分析会终结某满态度认英语全世界位十分稳固英国年轻代根需学语言
句子解析：句复合句who前句结构谓宾His analysis语he指代前面卫end核心谓语动词any selfcontentedness宾语among those状语who引导定语句修饰those定语句中who做语believe谓语that引导宾语句做believe宾语宾语句中global position of English语面系表结构that引导结果状语句结果状中谓宾结构词汇部分selfcontentedness难点意思满contend满意意思additional考研英语翻译中常译法新外处翻译采词性转换who引导定语句处理方法重复先行词采置法
(48)many countries are introducing English into the primaryschool curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages
参考译文：国家正英语列入学课程范围英国中学生似没受更鼓励流利掌握语言
句子解析：句but连接列复合句前半句谓宾加状语结构简单半句谓宾结构British schoolchildren and students语do not appear to be gaining复合谓语greater encouragement宾语to achieve fluency in other languages定式短语做encouragement置定语Curriculum课程意思fluency流利流畅意思
(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors
参考译文：卫格兰指出变化英国英语教学工作者提出明确巨挑战英语教学工作面国家更广泛商业教育机构
句子解析：句简单句修饰成分较稍复杂The changes语identified by David Graddol分词短语做置定语修饰changesidentified理解发现指出 present谓语动词 体现表现意思clear and major challenges宾语to UK`s providers of English language teaching介词短语做置定语修饰challengesproviders 意供应商处理解英语教学工作者to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors置定语修饰English language teaching
50． It gives a basis to all organizations which seek to promote the learning and use of English a basis for planning to meet the possibilities of what could be a very different operating environment
参考译文：研究试图促进英语学机构提供满足会出现操作情况运行环境性
句子解析：句谓宾加状语结构it代词指代指代前文studybasis应该理解which引导定语句修饰organizations翻译时采前置法定语句中which做语seek to promote谓语动词the learning and use of English宾语a basis前面句宾语basis位语for planning to meet the possibilities介词短语做置定语修饰basisof what could be a very different operating environment介词短语做置定语修饰possibilities
Section Ⅳ Writing


51 directions
You are to write an email to James Cook a newlyarrived Australia professor recommending some tourist attraction in your city Please give reasons for your recommendation
You should write neatly on the answer sheet
Do not sign your own name at the end of the email Use Li Ming instead
Do not write the address（10 points）

参考范文：
Dear Prof James Cook
Welcome to China I know you love traveling so I’m writing this letter to recommend to you one of my favorite scenic spots—Harbin which is an old northern city of China
I think you must like it for the reasons as follows To begin with there are an amount of beautiful scenic spots such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter the Sun Island the Central Street and so on In addition you could taste a great number of snacks on the average street Last but not least the people of Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic which is famous all over China
Owing to the reasons discussed above I won’t hesitate to recommend this scenic spot to you I am sure you will enjoy it Best wishes for you
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
真题解析
年英语作文出预料次考查推荐信英语考试中推荐信已考查两年例英语2011年考查朋友推荐部电影具体题目求Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendation 2015
年考察you are going to hold a club reading session Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members You should state reasons for your recommendation 年作文题目求新澳利亚国籍教授James Cook介绍城市tourist attraction考生惊慌2011年2015年作文推荐原部分稍作修改成文启发2018届学高度重视历年真题考话题书信类型会反复考查
年作文具体该写呢？年考题Direction求新James Cook教授推荐旅游景点根题目求判断文公务信函语域正式语域出现缩写省略问句口语表达
称呼： Dear Prof James Cook 注意称呼中Prof面句点丢称呼逗号号丢写成号然果称呼写Prof 写成Mr James Cook
正文
第段：写作容需涵盖两点：1：欢迎Cook 教授中国2：写信目表明推荐 样表达Welcome to China I know you love traveling so I’m writing this letter to recommend to you one of my favorite scenic spot Harbin which is an old northern city of China
第二段： 写作容推荐原三角度考虑：美景美食热情样表达：I think you must like it for the reasons as follows To begin with there are an amount of beautiful scenic spots such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter the Sun island the Central Street and so on In addition you could taste a great number of snacks on the average street Last but not least the people of Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic which is famous all over China
第三段：次强调写信目Owing to the reasons discussed above I won’t hesitate to recommend this scenic spot to you I am sure you will enjoy it 表达祝福 Best wishes for you
落款： Yours sincerely 特提醒sincerely面逗号丢
签名： Li Ming特注意 Ming 面定出现句点 落款前面左右齐


52 Directions
Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following pictures In y essay you should
1) describe the pictures briefly
2) interpret the meaning and
3) give your comments
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)



参考范文
As is symbolically mirrored in the caricatures there emerge two circumstances carrying sharp contrast implications In the first cartoon a fashionable boy lying in his sling chair comfortably is looking at his whole shelf of books and saying I possess a multitude of books On the contrary the second portrayal demonstrates an industrious student who is sitting in front of the desk and makes a realistic plan that he would like to finish reading 20 books in total within a year
The author of the cartoon invites us to focus on a truth that endless plans paralyze actions There are simply no great success and achievements in the world that are not achieved through hard work and diligence Similarly a dream can be realized when you decide to work for it and persist continuously Everyone desires to succeed but not all his dreams can come true until he works hard to implement his plans People give up their dreams for this or that reason Those whose dreams become true have at least one thing in common that is they always hold fast to their dreams and always keep their feet on the ground Just around us for instance the athletes who gain the gold medals the artists who are prevalent with the public and even the students who enter the university after years of hard study and preparation are all dreamholders
Accordingly to succeed we need to spare no efforts and hold fast to your dreams just as our nation sticks to our Chinese Dream The path to dreams may not be smooth and wide and even some sacrifices are needed but hold on to the end you will find there is no greater happiness than making your dream come true

真题解析
年英语作文题说完全预料中甚想象简单广考生反映审题基存问题然考研图画作文题考生说正确审出题相较容易实现
　　值关注年考题反映常说句话：理想丰满现实骨感跨越理想现实鸿沟长久直讨话题里完全结合考研真题中品质类话题谈谈实现理想需精神话题中表达方式写作方式真题2007年信心缺乏2012年悲观乐观等真题作文出辙真题宝贵复资源2016年跨考类考研写作课程均真题进行详细讲解相信年英语学面作文应会容迫
　　简单审两副图左边图片中学生坐躺椅里悠哉悠哉着许书没说读怕右边图片中位勤奋学生着书仔细读着现实计划着年争取读完20书图表描述参考：As is symbolically mirrored in the caricatures there emerge two circumstances carrying sharp contrast implications In the first cartoon a fashionable boy lying in his sling chair comfortably is looking at his whole shelf of books and says I possess a multitude of books On the contrary the second portrayal demonstrates an industrious student who is sitting in front of the desk and makes a realistic plan that he would like to finish reading 20 books in total within a year
　　
　　第二段两方面证方面强调果想法行动利理想实现方面正面证脚踏实步步完成理想道理参考：The author of the cartoon invites us to focus on a truth that endless plans paralyze actions There are simply no great success and achievements in the world that are not achieved through hard work and diligence Similarly a dream can be realized when you decide to work for it and persist continuously Everyone desires to succeed but not all his dreams can come true until he works hard to implement his plans People give up their dreams for this or that reason Those whose dreams become true have at least one thing in common that is they always hold fast to their dreams and always keep their feet on the ground Just around us for instance the athletes who gain the gold medals the artists who are prevalent with the public and even the students who enter the university after years of hard study and preparation are all dreamholders
　　
　　第三段出结简单提两条建议：Accordingly to succeed we need to spare no efforts and hold fast to your dreams just as our nation sticks to our Chinese Dream The path to dreams may not be smooth and wide and even some sacrifices are needed but hold on to the end you will find there is no greater happiness than making your dream come true
　　然考研写作判卷原：语言第位结构第二位容第三位语言基正确结构较清晰容话题相关均取格分(12分)果语言精彩结构严谨证充分稳获高分(15分)
　　总体说年作文写作难度适中然考生考场紧张述逻辑学关键词拼写错误实需焦虑阅卷教师考察整体语言水会错误完全降低分语言基正确结构较清晰均取错成绩




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