2001年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题答案
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked［A]［B］［C］and［D］ Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (5 points)
Example
I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979
［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］since
The sentence should read I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979
Therefore you should choose ［D］
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［■］
1If I were in a movie then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands for a cry
［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury
2Good news was sometimes released prematurely with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered
［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced
3According to one belief if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent so one ______ wait instead of searching for it
［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best
4She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self hair waved and golden nails red and pointed
［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have had ［D］has had
5There was no sign that Mr Jospin who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it would intervene personally
［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned ［C］going to resign［D］resign
6So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games
［A］became the cildren ［B］become the children ［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become
7The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience
［A］everything except ［B］anything but ［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than
8One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match_______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation
［A］By ［B］In ［C］No less than ［D］Nothing more than
9Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself
［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what
10Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions_______ they Christian Islamic BuddhistJewish and so on
［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］are
Section B
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked［A］［B］［C］and［D］ Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (10 points)
Example
The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the
woods off the highwayTherefore you should choose ［C］
Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］
11He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong
［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard
12It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery
［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication
13One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors
［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully
14The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the _______ welfare of his animals
［A］critical about ［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to ［D］subject to
15The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ
［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted
16It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _______
［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by nature
17Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______
and lack of unity in style
［A］conflict ［B］confrontation ［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony
18The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______
［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished
19However growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry
［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress
20Because of its intimacy radio is usually more than just a medium it is _______
［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise
21When any nonhuman organ is transplanted into a person the body immediately recognizes it as _______
［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign
22My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale
［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through ［C］stumbled upon ［D］thirsted for
23Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______
［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress
24Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop
［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with ［C］predominant over［D］providing for
25As an industry biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020
［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive
26The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals
［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stability
27For threequarters of its span on Earth life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms
［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively
28The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ particularly in Western Europe
［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping
29Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe it is just _______ and needs proving
［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical
30The future of this company is _______ many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable netbased businesses
［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stake
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Direction
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked ［A］［B］［C］and［D］ Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West
In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press Lord Irvine the Lord Chancellor will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the
41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families
Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges he said
Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995 Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts
31［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as
32［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening
33［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］improper
34［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper
35［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity
36［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as
37［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed
38［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate
39［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure
40［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash
41［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration
42［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than
43［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns
44［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining
45［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified
46［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by
47［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue
48［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told
49［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that
50［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guarantee
Part
Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers ［A］［B］［C］and［D］ Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(40 points)
Passage 1
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication Another was the grow
ing professionalisation of scientific activity
No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience exceptions can be found to any rule Neverthelss the word `amateur＇ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and in particular may not fully share its values The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century with its consequent requirement of a longer more complex training implied greater problems for amateur participation in science The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper Thus in the nineteenth century local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right but in the twentieth century local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate and reflect on the wider geological picture Amateurs on the other hand have continued to pursue local studies in the old way The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century As a logical consequence of this development separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century In science generally however the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science
51The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien
ces such as _______
［A］sociology and chemistry
［B］physics and psychology
［C］sociology and psychology
［D］physics and chemistry
52We can infer from the passage that _______
［A］there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______
［A］the process of specialisation and professionalisation
［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
［C］the change of policies in scientific publications
［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54The direct reason for specialisation is _______
［A］the development in communication
［B］the growth of professionalisation
［C］the expansion of scientific knowledge
［D］the splitting up of academic societies
Passage 2
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the socalled digital
divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor And that divide does exist today My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago What was less visible then however were the new positive forces that work against the digital divide There are reasons to be optimistic
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all the more people online the more potential customers there are More and more governments afraid their countries will be left behind want to spread Internet access Within the next decade or two one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together As a result I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we＇ve ever had
Of course the ue of the Internet isn＇t the only way to defeat poverty And the Internet is not the only tool we have But it has enormous potentialTo take advantage of this tool some impoverished countries will have to getover their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States When the United States built its industrials infrastructure it didn＇t have the capital to do so And that is why America＇s Second Wave infrastructure — including roads barbors highways prots and so on — were built with foreign investment The English the Germans the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain＇s former colony They financed them Immigrant Americans built them Guess who owns them now The Americans I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure which today is an electronic infrastructure the better off you＇re going to be That doesn＇t mean lying down and becoming fooled or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled But it does means recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet
55Digital divide is something _______
［A］getting worse because of the Internet
［B］the rich countries are responsible for
［C］the world must guard against
［D］considered positive today
56Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______
［A］offers economic potentials
［B］can bring foreign funds
［C］can soon wipe out world poverty
［D］connects people all over the world
57The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______
［A］providing financial support overseas
［B］preventing foreign capital＇s control
［C］building industrial infrastructure
［D］accepting foreign investment
58It seems that now a country＇s economy depends much on _______
［A］how welldeveloped it is electronically
［B］whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
［C］whether it adopts America＇s industrial pattern
［D］how much control it has over foreign corporations
Passage 3
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question The organization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility project
Sad to say this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes combined with lots of heads cratching puzzlement about w
hat in the world those readers really want
But the sources of distrust go way deeper Most jounalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day＇s events In other words there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers In a recent survey questionnaires were sent to reportersin five middlesize cities around the country plus one large metropolitan area Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions
Replies show that compared with other Americans journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods have maids own Mercedeses and trade stocksand they＇re less likely to go to church do volunteer work or put down roots in a coummunity
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite The astonishing distrust of the news media isn＇t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorials skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers
This is an explosive situation for any industry particularly a declining one Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former
buyers are complaining about If it did it would open up itsdiversity program now focused narrowly on race and gender and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook values education and class
59 What is the passage mainly about
［A］needs of the readers all over the world
［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry
［D］aims of a journalism credibility project
60The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be _______
［A］quite trustworthy
［B］somewhat contradictory
［C］very illuminating
［D］rather superficial
61The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _______
［A］working attitude
［B］conventional lifestyle
［C］world outlook
［D］educational background
62Despite its efforts the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to
its _______
［A］failure to realize its real problem
［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters
［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender
Passage 4
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might Many in these countries are looking at this process and worryingWon＇t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anticompetitive force
There＇s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20 of international trade in 1982 Today the figure is more than 25 and growing rapidly International affiliates account for afast
growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment In Argentina for instance after the reforms of the early 1990s multinationals went from 43 to almost 70 of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are thesame that underlie the globalization process falling transportation and communication costs lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers＇ demands All these are beneficial not detrimental to consumers As productivity grows the world＇s wealth increases
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US when the Standard Oil trust was broken up The mergers of telecom companies such as World Com hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress On the contrary the price of communications is coming down fast In cars too concentration is increasing — witness Daimler and Chrysler Renault and Nissan — but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched A few weeks ago Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry Who is going to supervise regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created Won＇t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition And should one country take upon itself the role of defending competition on issues that affect many other nations as in the US vs Microsoft case
63What is the typical trend of businesses today
［A］to take in more foreign funds
［B］to invest more abroad
［C］to combine and become bigger
［D］to trade with more countries
64According to the author one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _______
［A］the greater customer demands
［B］a surplus supply for the market
［C］a growing productivity
［D］the increase of the world＇s wealth
65From paragraph 4 we can infer that _______
［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
［C］the costs of the gobalization process are enormous
［D］the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
66Toward the new business wave the writer＇s attitude can be said to be _______
［A］optimistic
［B］objective
［C］pessimistic
［D］biased
Passage 5
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although in the manner of a disgraced government minister I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family
Curiously some twoandahalf years and two novels later my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything
I have discovered as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of str
ess that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed 12hour working days pressured deadlines the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time
In America the move away from juggling to a simpler less materialistic lifestyle is awellestablished trend Downshifting — also known in America as voluntary simplicity — has ironically even bred a new area of what might betermed anticonsumerism There are a number of bestselling downshifting self help books for people who want to simplify their lives there are newsletters such as The Tightwad Gazette that give hundreds of thousands of Americans usefultips on anything from recycling their clingfilm to making their own soap there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid＇90s equivalent of dropping out
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ＇80s downshifting in the mid＇90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations
67Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1
［A］Fulltime employment is a new international trend
［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job
［C］A lateral move means stepping out of fulltime employment
［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family
68The writer＇s experiment shows that downshifting _______
［A］enables her to realize her dream
［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life
［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status
［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69Juggling one＇s life probably means living a life characterized by _______
［A］nonmaterialistic lifestyle
［B］a bit of everything
［C］extreme stree
［D］anticonsumerism
70According to the passage downshifting emerged in the US as a result of _______
［A］the quick pace of modern life
［B］man＇s adventurous spirit
［C］man＇s search for mythical experiences
［D］the economic situation
Part
Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation
Directions
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2(15points)
In less than 30 years＇ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality Directlinks between the brain＇s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall 71)There wil be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend 72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision and digital age will have arrived
According to BT＇s furturologist Ian Pearson these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1000 years) when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life
73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries totake place Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computerhuman links By linking directly to our nervous system computers could pick up what we feel and hopefully simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck he says 74)But that Pearson points out is only the start of manmachine integrationIt will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century
Through his research Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted However there are still no forecasts for when fasterthanlight travel will be available or when human cloning will be perfectedor when time travel will be possible But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will for example cause problems in 2010 while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder — kitchen rage
Part Ⅴ Writing
76 Directions
Among all the worthy fellings of mankind love is probably the noblest but everyone has
hisher own understanding of it
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper Write an essay to the newspaper to
1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below
2)give a specific example and
3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love
Your should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2(20 points)
2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案解析
1选［C］题重点考查虚拟语气句子中两处虚拟语气if could be 外it is time that 解题关键判断出第二处虚拟语气It is time that 句型中that句中动词式［C］buried正确选项
2选［B］题重点考查非谓语动词法句意理解排法解题句子前半部分提消息时发布早半部分with短语结构解释前半部分容with短语中非谓语动词形式［D］was announced予排British recapture of the port(英军重新占港口)announce宾语消息保卫者实际投降早半天宣布完成动作空格处填入announced表示动完成意思
3选［D］题重点考查考生句意理解四短语掌握情况句意so前句子题提供重线索半句意思：根种信仰果知道真理真理会目然句推理出解真理方法寻求四选项表达意思分：［A］宁愿［B］必需［C］［D］显然［D］项正确答案had best意思相had better面动词原形
4选［A］题重点考查动词时态句子句般时(felt)when状语句时态(完成时)判断出as面句时态应该完成时had felt避免重复felt省略
5选［B］题考查介词despite动词resign掌握情况句意理解despite(…)介词面接名词动名词［D］正确resign物动词［A］正确句意Mr Jospin已领导岗位退应该完成时［C］项错误
6选［D］题着重考查倒装句法so involved放句首句子倒装形式句子时态般现时助助动词do构成倒装句话改变成正常语序：The children become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games(孩子电脑着迷致电脑令营领导常强迫停做做体育运动游戏)
7选［D］题求考握句意基础重点辨析四选项句意体电视观众总(invariably)觉()巨样化观众微足道部分果填入［A］［B］［C］三选项表达意思正句子正确意思相反［D］nothing more than表达仅仅意思
8选［A］题重点考查介词掌握定义解释某种事物时常介词by构成By is meant者By it is meant
9选［C］题求考生够迅速识出so that句型
10选［A］题重点考查虚拟语气特殊法be they Christian Islamic 相whether they are Charistian Islamic (基督教伊斯兰教…)
11选［B］题求正确区四选项意思［A］discard抛弃遗弃［B］discern辨区［C］disperse驱散［D］disregard理漠视句句意：太年轻辨明非
12选［A］四选项意思分：［A］巧合凑巧［B］会议传统［C］肯定［D］复杂性句意：抢劫发生时银行附发现车绝巧合
13选［B］四副词意思分：［A］谨慎［B］职［C］忠实［D］灵活巧妙轮船说遵守交通规职责选［B］句意：海岸护卫责确保繁忙港湾船职遵守交通规
14选［C］四形容词短语意思分：［A］…挑剔［B］…愤慨［C］…漠关心［D］服…句子中but表明but前两句容转折关系but前半句意思：爱斯基摩许印安中信体贴选项中够considerate构成反义词［C］
15选［C］［B］posed：提出陈述［D］tempted：引诱快排［A］［C］互强干扰项表示强迫意思presspress sth on sb 样结构意思…强加句意：董事会席解散公司雇佣起优秀职员样讨厌工作强加
16选［C］［A］时间长(久)［B］里里外里外彻底［C］次次性结［D］质句意：盼社会够次性结解决面种社会问题做法幼稚
17选［D］［A］突矛盾［B］抗［C］扰乱动荡［D］合谐result in导致…产生…(果)填入词应lack of unity致填disharmony句意：相邻房间中极装饰方案会导致风格合谐缺乏致感
18选［A］四选项中［B］swelled三项表示繁荣旺盛意思［A］thrived指动植物繁荣昌盛［C］prospered指济面繁荣［D］flourished指植物茂盛
19选［C］［A］overturn：推翻颠覆［B］overtake追赶［C］offset抵销销［D］oppress压迫句中growthdecline间关系offset
20选［B］［A］firm公司［B］伴侣［C］公司［D］企业收音机(radio)仅仅种传媒工具伴侣三项均符合题意
21选［D］［A］novel新鲜［B］remote遥远［C］distant遥远［D］foreign外陌生句意非类器官移值体时体立刻辨出器官外
22选［C］［A］trifled with：怠慢(某)［B］scraped through勉强维持生活［C］stumbled upon偶然见偶然发现［D］thirsted for渴显然［C］项符合句意
23选［B］快排［C］deteriorate变坏［D］depress萧条贬值［A］descend［B］decline表示跌降意思descend般指事物较高位置落较低位置表示空间方位变化decline法descend广指空间位置变化指方面需求数量减少
24选［A］［C］项［D］项快排［B］强干扰项空格面词safety standards(安全标准)前面词填遵守［A］conforming to［B］consistent with…连贯意思
25选［C］句子表明biotechnologydectronics关系［D］strive努力做…予排［A］［B］［C］三项含竞争意思［A］contend for(争取结构［B］contest面直接争取事物例contest a seat in Parliament［C］rival面直接竞争手
26选［A］四选项需理解句意需真定关美国宪法背景知识美国联邦制国家宪法特点加强中央政府权力时维护州治权独立权难出题选［A］句意：美国宪法作者试图建立效国家政府时维护州治权
27选［D］四副词意思分：［A］准确［B］立刻马［C］首［D］唯单独四词exclusivelyalmost修饰符合句意
28选［B］四形容词意思分：［A］模糊清楚［B］时选择［D］交叉重叠火药引进弓箭成时器械［B］正确选项
29选［B］四形容词意思分：［A］然发［B］假设［C］直觉［D］验根常识知关宇宙起源理假设需证明［B］项正确
30选［D］四短语意思分：［A］…合［B］处困境中［C］徒劳白费工夫［D］处险境句意公司未面危险［D］确切答案
31选［D］the trial of Rosemary West空格前面prominent cases具体案例泛指关系选［D］such as表示举例
32选［A］空格面名词legal control填入动名词表达加强法律控制意思［A］tightening三选项意思分：［B］加剧［C］集中［D］加紧拴牢
33选［D］draft草稿darft bill草案［C］preliminary(预备初步)强干扰项该词表示意思做正事前做准备工作意思符合文章意
34选［B］文章第段知立法目新闻媒体证付酬成非法活动［B］illegal正确三选项意思分［A］符合逻辑［C］［D］恰
35选［A］英国众院说立法控制媒体件案例报道公开性选［A］publicity三选项意思分：［B］惩罚［C］受欢迎程度［D］古怪性
36选［C］四选项中［C］before确切审判前控制件案例公开程度合理
37选［D］空格面名词a committee report动词搭配言四选项［A］sided面般接表示某采取样立场side with sb［B］shared表示分享意思［C］complied with 表示遵守服意思Lord Irvine法官［D］正确选项
38选［B］四选项意思分：［A］present呈送［B］offer提供［C］manifest表明呈现［D］indicate暗示句意［B］恰
39选［B］段容Lord Irvine讲话引起媒体抗议讲话两天信发表应该publication［A］release般指唱片电影书籍发行［C］printing印刷［D］exposure曝光般指事情公布众文知Lord Irvine信作类事物
40选［A］storm(暴风雨)体现媒体抗议强烈程度rage发怒flare交光闪耀flash闪光符合句意
41选［B］空格名词privacy controls(隐私控制)文章讲英国众院立法禁止新闻媒体目击者付酬样立法引起媒体抗议争议焦点欧洲立法中包含隐私控制属问题处interpretational(解释阐释)三项符合句意
42选［C］文章容法官拥隐私控制解释权国会拥隐私控制解释权争议核心问题法官国会互相立关系两者取四选项中rather than(…)表达样意思other than强干扰项表达意思…包括名词表示排
43选［B］整句话容处makes44题中形容词构成贴切表达
44选［A］binding意思：约束力束缚力
45选［C］be entitled to sth固定表达方式意思权利做…权利享受…三项样结构
46选［A］处填介词with表原句意思：英国法官新闻会安全握
47选［D］文章关目击付酬争没结束成争点(issue)
48选［C］里sb is said to 结构意思：说…49选［D］处填入that引导位语句表明concerns容
50选［C］容易排［B］confide(…告心事)［A］［C］［D］互干扰项［A］assure意思：确信放心［D］guaranotee意思保证［C］ensure词义较广泛光保证意思某事必然发生意思意项文章中应取意思文章句话意思担心样做(目击证付酬)会鼓励目击证法庭分渲染事导致罪判决
51选［D］题属细节类题目文章第二段句正确解答题提供帮助句中关键词in those areas of science based especially on a mathe matical or laboratory training表明专业分工较明显学科性质般建立数学实验室研究方面学科四选项中［D］物理学化学正确选项
52选［B］题答案明显排法解决文章第段两句指出专业分工影响交流程系列相关科学发展中部分科学活动断增长专业化趋势两句出专业分工专业化科学发展两方面两者区［A］专业分工专业化间没什差正确文章第三段出专业科技员业余科技员持相容态度着专业化断发展种相容关系更加明显［C］专业员倾欢迎业余员加入科学团体中错误第三段句话中whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way表示业余科技员方团体国家团体［D］错误排［B］唯正确选项
53选［C］题属握作者意图类题目文章第二段句找线索句中trend 指科学活动中专业分工专业化趋势原文中The trendcan be illuserated in terms of the development of geology换成题目中动语态illustrate换成demonstrate
54选［C］文章第段第句提供题答案原文中an increasing accumalation of suentific knowledge换成选项中the expansion of scientific knowledge
55选［C］题digital divide 定义作出评价文章第段中Mywife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years agodigital divide做评价关键词looming danger(隐约出现危险)表明digital divide危险全世界需防范
56选［A］文章第二段前半部分指出政府重视互联网原互联网越开放意味着更顾客关键句afraid their countries will be left behind
57选［D］文章第四段前两句提供题线索两句意思：利工具贫穷国家需克服(get over)外国投资种落反殖民义仿见然视外国投资已权侵略国家许应学美国基础设施建设历史两句话出作者提美国目说明贫穷国家采取吸收外资政策
58选［A］文章第三段题提供线索段指出Internet重性时文章段中…which today is an electronic infrastructure表明电子工业国家济发展重性
59选［B］文章第段第句问句形式表明文旨寻找许美国报纸报导信原［B］项容
60选［D］文章第二段指出新闻信度调查项目调查结果low level findings abont factual errors and grammar mistakes …见调查结果肤浅(superfalial)
61选［C］文章第三段开始文章找出读者信新离报导许种原包括新闻业部传统报导模式(conventional story line)新闻记者读者文化社会脱节文章第六段指出The astonishing distrust of the news media isn＇t rooted in …but in the daily clash of world views between reporters ard their readets表明新闻记者受信基原世界观原文中world views换成选项中world ontlook
62选［A］文章段指出报业然满足读者原it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases…说报业没意识真正问题
63选［C］文章第句题提供答案原文中mergers and acquisitions(合兼)换成选项中combine and become bigger
64选［C］(题属细节类题目文章直接定位运排法找出正确选项)文章三段指出巨兼合潮推动力包括运输通讯费降低较低贸易投资壁垒需采扩营方式满足顾客需扩市场显然［A］正确选项
65选［D］题属推理类题目正确解答题关键正确理解第四段第二句话 It is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were … when the stardard oil trust was broken up句话表明标准石油托拉期世界前威胁竞争天合会hard to imagine(难想象)
66选［B］题属握作者观念点类题目文章段第句指出the fast remains that the merger movement must be watched(然事实合运动观)表明作者股生意潮态度较客观(objective)外整篇文章作者态度客观例第四段作者讲兼益处段涉兼会引起种问题
67选［B］题道推理性题目需正确理解文章第段做出正确选择段第指出作者辞全职工作时发现加入国际潮中显然全职工作国际潮第二句中a lateral move意思行移动横移动显然指做全职工作正伤害作者尊心阻碍职业发展行移动促放弃较高形象职业生涯段句指出作者声称：I wanted to spend more time with my familycover职职见作者环境素辞工作［B］正确选项
68选［B］文章第二段提供题线索第二段中transformed into 表明作者生活观改变采取然(downshifting)生活方式结果
69选［C］文章整篇容(第三段)downshiftingjuggling your life两种相立生活方式然downshifting然juggling your life意味着生活中压力时第三段juggling your life做具体描述：12时工作日紧迫交稿期限办公室政治怕压力限定时间做母局限见juggling your life指种充满极端压力生活
70选［D］文章第五段第句话题提供线索While in American the trend (downshifting) started as a vacation to the economic decline表明美国种趋势济衰退反应
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2001年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题答案
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked［A]［B］［C］and［D］ Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (5 points)
Example
I have been to the Great Wall three times _______ 1979
［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］since
The sentence should read I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979
Therefore you should choose ［D］
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［■］
1If I were in a movie then it would be about time that I______ my head in my hands for a cry
［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury
2Good news was sometimes released prematurely with the British recapture of the port _______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered
［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced
3According to one belief if truth is to be known it will make itself ap parent so one ______ wait instead of searching for it
［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best
4She felt suitably humble just as she _______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self hair waved and golden nails red and pointed
［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have had ［D］has had
5There was no sign that Mr Jospin who keeps a firm control on the party despite from _______ leadership of it would intervene personally
［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned ［C］going to resign［D］resign
6So involved with their computers _______ that leaders at summer computer caps often have to force them to break for sports and games
［A］became the cildren ［B］become the children ［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become
7The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _______ an anonymous statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience
［A］everything except ［B］anything but ［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than
8One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match_______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation
［A］By ［B］In ［C］No less than ［D］Nothing more than
9Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself
［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what
10Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions_______ they Christian Islamic BuddhistJewish and so on
［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］are
Section B
Directions
Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked［A］［B］［C］and［D］ Choose the one that best completes the sentence Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil (10 points)
Example
The lost car of the Lees was found _______ in the woods off the highway
［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected
The sentence should read The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the
woods off the highwayTherefore you should choose ［C］
Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］
11He is too young to be able to _______ between right and wrong
［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard
12It was no _______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery
［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication
13One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors
［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully
14The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be the _______ welfare of his animals
［A］critical about ［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to ［D］subject to
15The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ
［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted
16It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _______
［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by nature
17Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______
and lack of unity in style
［A］conflict ［B］confrontation ［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony
18The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _______
［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished
19However growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry
［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress
20Because of its intimacy radio is usually more than just a medium it is _______
［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise
21When any nonhuman organ is transplanted into a person the body immediately recognizes it as _______
［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign
22My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale
［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through ［C］stumbled upon ［D］thirsted for
23Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _______
［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress
24Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop
［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with ［C］predominant over［D］providing for
25As an industry biotechnology stands to _______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020
［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive
26The authors of the United States constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______for the states and liberty for individuals
［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stability
27For threequarters of its span on Earth life evolved almost _______ as microorganisms
［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively
28The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _______ particularly in Western Europe
［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping
29Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe it is just _______ and needs proving
［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical
30The future of this company is _______ many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable netbased businesses
［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stake
Part Ⅱ Cloze Test
Direction
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked ［A］［B］［C］and［D］ Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West
In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press Lord Irvine the Lord Chancellor will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins
In a letter to Gerald Kaufman chairman of the House of commons media selectcommittee Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control
39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the
41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament
The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families
Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges he said
Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995 Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers Conerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts
31［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as
32［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening
33［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］improper
34［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper
35［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity
36［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as
37［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed
38［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate
39［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure
40［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash
41［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration
42［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than
43［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns
44［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining
45［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified
46［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by
47［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue
48［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told
49［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that
50［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guarantee
Part
Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers ［A］［B］［C］and［D］ Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil(40 points)
Passage 1
Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication Another was the grow
ing professionalisation of scientific activity
No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs inscience exceptions can be found to any rule Neverthelss the word `amateur＇ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and in particular may not fully share its values The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century with its consequent requirement of a longer more complex training implied greater problems for amateur participation in science The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper Thus in the nineteenth century local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right but in the twentieth century local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate and reflect on the wider geological picture Amateurs on the other hand have continued to pursue local studies in the old way The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs a result that has been reinforced by the widesprad introduction of refereeing first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century As a logical consequence of this development separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way
Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century In science generally however the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science
51The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in scien
ces such as _______
［A］sociology and chemistry
［B］physics and psychology
［C］sociology and psychology
［D］physics and chemistry
52We can infer from the passage that _______
［A］there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
53The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _______
［A］the process of specialisation and professionalisation
［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
［C］the change of policies in scientific publications
［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
54The direct reason for specialisation is _______
［A］the development in communication
［B］the growth of professionalisation
［C］the expansion of scientific knowledge
［D］the splitting up of academic societies
Passage 2
A great deal of attention is being paid today to the socalled digital
divide — the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor And that divide does exist today My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago What was less visible then however were the new positive forces that work against the digital divide There are reasons to be optimistic
There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all the more people online the more potential customers there are More and more governments afraid their countries will be left behind want to spread Internet access Within the next decade or two one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together As a result I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we＇ve ever had
Of course the ue of the Internet isn＇t the only way to defeat poverty And the Internet is not the only tool we have But it has enormous potentialTo take advantage of this tool some impoverished countries will have to getover their outdated anticolonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States When the United States built its industrials infrastructure it didn＇t have the capital to do so And that is why America＇s Second Wave infrastructure — including roads barbors highways prots and so on — were built with foreign investment The English the Germans the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain＇s former colony They financed them Immigrant Americans built them Guess who owns them now The Americans I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure which today is an electronic infrastructure the better off you＇re going to be That doesn＇t mean lying down and becoming fooled or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled But it does means recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet
55Digital divide is something _______
［A］getting worse because of the Internet
［B］the rich countries are responsible for
［C］the world must guard against
［D］considered positive today
56Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______
［A］offers economic potentials
［B］can bring foreign funds
［C］can soon wipe out world poverty
［D］connects people all over the world
57The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _______
［A］providing financial support overseas
［B］preventing foreign capital＇s control
［C］building industrial infrastructure
［D］accepting foreign investment
58It seems that now a country＇s economy depends much on _______
［A］how welldeveloped it is electronically
［B］whether it is prejudiced against immigrants
［C］whether it adopts America＇s industrial pattern
［D］how much control it has over foreign corporations
Passage 3
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question The organization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility project
Sad to say this project has turned out to be mostly lowlevel findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes combined with lots of heads cratching puzzlement about w
hat in the world those readers really want
But the sources of distrust go way deeper Most jounalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day＇s events In other words there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers In a recent survey questionnaires were sent to reportersin five middlesize cities around the country plus one large metropolitan area Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions
Replies show that compared with other Americans journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods have maids own Mercedeses and trade stocksand they＇re less likely to go to church do volunteer work or put down roots in a coummunity
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite The astonishing distrust of the news media isn＇t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorials skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers
This is an explosive situation for any industry particularly a declining one Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former
buyers are complaining about If it did it would open up itsdiversity program now focused narrowly on race and gender and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook values education and class
59 What is the passage mainly about
［A］needs of the readers all over the world
［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers
［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry
［D］aims of a journalism credibility project
60The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be _______
［A］quite trustworthy
［B］somewhat contradictory
［C］very illuminating
［D］rather superficial
61The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _______
［A］working attitude
［B］conventional lifestyle
［C］world outlook
［D］educational background
62Despite its efforts the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to
its _______
［A］failure to realize its real problem
［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters
［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting
［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender
Passage 4
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might Many in these countries are looking at this process and worryingWon＇t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anticompetitive force
There＇s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20 of international trade in 1982 Today the figure is more than 25 and growing rapidly International affiliates account for afast
growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment In Argentina for instance after the reforms of the early 1990s multinationals went from 43 to almost 70 of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy
I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are thesame that underlie the globalization process falling transportation and communication costs lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers＇ demands All these are beneficial not detrimental to consumers As productivity grows the world＇s wealth increases
Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US when the Standard Oil trust was broken up The mergers of telecom companies such as World Com hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress On the contrary the price of communications is coming down fast In cars too concentration is increasing — witness Daimler and Chrysler Renault and Nissan — but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt
Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched A few weeks ago Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry Who is going to supervise regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created Won＇t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition And should one country take upon itself the role of defending competition on issues that affect many other nations as in the US vs Microsoft case
63What is the typical trend of businesses today
［A］to take in more foreign funds
［B］to invest more abroad
［C］to combine and become bigger
［D］to trade with more countries
64According to the author one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _______
［A］the greater customer demands
［B］a surplus supply for the market
［C］a growing productivity
［D］the increase of the world＇s wealth
65From paragraph 4 we can infer that _______
［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers
［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs
［C］the costs of the gobalization process are enormous
［D］the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition
66Toward the new business wave the writer＇s attitude can be said to be _______
［A］optimistic
［B］objective
［C］pessimistic
［D］biased
Passage 5
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although in the manner of a disgraced government minister I covered my exit by claiming I wanted to spend more time with my family
Curiously some twoandahalf years and two novels later my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of have it all preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything
I have discovered as perhaps Kelsey will after her muchpublicized resignation from the editorship of She after a buildup of str
ess that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed 12hour working days pressured deadlines the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on quality time
In America the move away from juggling to a simpler less materialistic lifestyle is awellestablished trend Downshifting — also known in America as voluntary simplicity — has ironically even bred a new area of what might betermed anticonsumerism There are a number of bestselling downshifting self help books for people who want to simplify their lives there are newsletters such as The Tightwad Gazette that give hundreds of thousands of Americans usefultips on anything from recycling their clingfilm to making their own soap there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid＇90s equivalent of dropping out
For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ＇80s downshifting in the mid＇90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations
67Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1
［A］Fulltime employment is a new international trend
［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job
［C］A lateral move means stepping out of fulltime employment
［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family
68The writer＇s experiment shows that downshifting _______
［A］enables her to realize her dream
［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life
［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status
［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine
69Juggling one＇s life probably means living a life characterized by _______
［A］nonmaterialistic lifestyle
［B］a bit of everything
［C］extreme stree
［D］anticonsumerism
70According to the passage downshifting emerged in the US as a result of _______
［A］the quick pace of modern life
［B］man＇s adventurous spirit
［C］man＇s search for mythical experiences
［D］the economic situation
Part
Ⅳ EnglishChinese Translation
Directions
Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2(15points)
In less than 30 years＇ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality Directlinks between the brain＇s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall 71)There wil be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend 72)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision and digital age will have arrived
According to BT＇s furturologist Ian Pearson these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1000 years) when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life
73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries totake place Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computerhuman links By linking directly to our nervous system computers could pick up what we feel and hopefully simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck he says 74)But that Pearson points out is only the start of manmachine integrationIt will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century
Through his research Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted However there are still no forecasts for when fasterthanlight travel will be available or when human cloning will be perfectedor when time travel will be possible But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will for example cause problems in 2010 while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder — kitchen rage
Part Ⅴ Writing
76 Directions
Among all the worthy fellings of mankind love is probably the noblest but everyone has
hisher own understanding of it
There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper Write an essay to the newspaper to
1)show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below
2)give a specific example and
3)give your suggestion as to the best way to show love
Your should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2(20 points)
2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案解析
1选［C］题重点考查虚拟语气句子中两处虚拟语气if could be 外it is time that 解题关键判断出第二处虚拟语气It is time that 句型中that句中动词式［C］buried正确选项
2选［B］题重点考查非谓语动词法句意理解排法解题句子前半部分提消息时发布早半部分with短语结构解释前半部分容with短语中非谓语动词形式［D］was announced予排British recapture of the port(英军重新占港口)announce宾语消息保卫者实际投降早半天宣布完成动作空格处填入announced表示动完成意思
3选［D］题重点考查考生句意理解四短语掌握情况句意so前句子题提供重线索半句意思：根种信仰果知道真理真理会目然句推理出解真理方法寻求四选项表达意思分：［A］宁愿［B］必需［C］［D］显然［D］项正确答案had best意思相had better面动词原形
4选［A］题重点考查动词时态句子句般时(felt)when状语句时态(完成时)判断出as面句时态应该完成时had felt避免重复felt省略
5选［B］题考查介词despite动词resign掌握情况句意理解despite(…)介词面接名词动名词［D］正确resign物动词［A］正确句意Mr Jospin已领导岗位退应该完成时［C］项错误
6选［D］题着重考查倒装句法so involved放句首句子倒装形式句子时态般现时助助动词do构成倒装句话改变成正常语序：The children become so involved with their computers that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games(孩子电脑着迷致电脑令营领导常强迫停做做体育运动游戏)
7选［D］题求考握句意基础重点辨析四选项句意体电视观众总(invariably)觉()巨样化观众微足道部分果填入［A］［B］［C］三选项表达意思正句子正确意思相反［D］nothing more than表达仅仅意思
8选［A］题重点考查介词掌握定义解释某种事物时常介词by构成By is meant者By it is meant
9选［C］题求考生够迅速识出so that句型
10选［A］题重点考查虚拟语气特殊法be they Christian Islamic 相whether they are Charistian Islamic (基督教伊斯兰教…)
11选［B］题求正确区四选项意思［A］discard抛弃遗弃［B］discern辨区［C］disperse驱散［D］disregard理漠视句句意：太年轻辨明非
12选［A］四选项意思分：［A］巧合凑巧［B］会议传统［C］肯定［D］复杂性句意：抢劫发生时银行附发现车绝巧合
13选［B］四副词意思分：［A］谨慎［B］职［C］忠实［D］灵活巧妙轮船说遵守交通规职责选［B］句意：海岸护卫责确保繁忙港湾船职遵守交通规
14选［C］四形容词短语意思分：［A］…挑剔［B］…愤慨［C］…漠关心［D］服…句子中but表明but前两句容转折关系but前半句意思：爱斯基摩许印安中信体贴选项中够considerate构成反义词［C］
15选［C］［B］posed：提出陈述［D］tempted：引诱快排［A］［C］互强干扰项表示强迫意思presspress sth on sb 样结构意思…强加句意：董事会席解散公司雇佣起优秀职员样讨厌工作强加
16选［C］［A］时间长(久)［B］里里外里外彻底［C］次次性结［D］质句意：盼社会够次性结解决面种社会问题做法幼稚
17选［D］［A］突矛盾［B］抗［C］扰乱动荡［D］合谐result in导致…产生…(果)填入词应lack of unity致填disharmony句意：相邻房间中极装饰方案会导致风格合谐缺乏致感
18选［A］四选项中［B］swelled三项表示繁荣旺盛意思［A］thrived指动植物繁荣昌盛［C］prospered指济面繁荣［D］flourished指植物茂盛
19选［C］［A］overturn：推翻颠覆［B］overtake追赶［C］offset抵销销［D］oppress压迫句中growthdecline间关系offset
20选［B］［A］firm公司［B］伴侣［C］公司［D］企业收音机(radio)仅仅种传媒工具伴侣三项均符合题意
21选［D］［A］novel新鲜［B］remote遥远［C］distant遥远［D］foreign外陌生句意非类器官移值体时体立刻辨出器官外
22选［C］［A］trifled with：怠慢(某)［B］scraped through勉强维持生活［C］stumbled upon偶然见偶然发现［D］thirsted for渴显然［C］项符合句意
23选［B］快排［C］deteriorate变坏［D］depress萧条贬值［A］descend［B］decline表示跌降意思descend般指事物较高位置落较低位置表示空间方位变化decline法descend广指空间位置变化指方面需求数量减少
24选［A］［C］项［D］项快排［B］强干扰项空格面词safety standards(安全标准)前面词填遵守［A］conforming to［B］consistent with…连贯意思
25选［C］句子表明biotechnologydectronics关系［D］strive努力做…予排［A］［B］［C］三项含竞争意思［A］contend for(争取结构［B］contest面直接争取事物例contest a seat in Parliament［C］rival面直接竞争手
26选［A］四选项需理解句意需真定关美国宪法背景知识美国联邦制国家宪法特点加强中央政府权力时维护州治权独立权难出题选［A］句意：美国宪法作者试图建立效国家政府时维护州治权
27选［D］四副词意思分：［A］准确［B］立刻马［C］首［D］唯单独四词exclusivelyalmost修饰符合句意
28选［B］四形容词意思分：［A］模糊清楚［B］时选择［D］交叉重叠火药引进弓箭成时器械［B］正确选项
29选［B］四形容词意思分：［A］然发［B］假设［C］直觉［D］验根常识知关宇宙起源理假设需证明［B］项正确
30选［D］四短语意思分：［A］…合［B］处困境中［C］徒劳白费工夫［D］处险境句意公司未面危险［D］确切答案
31选［D］the trial of Rosemary West空格前面prominent cases具体案例泛指关系选［D］such as表示举例
32选［A］空格面名词legal control填入动名词表达加强法律控制意思［A］tightening三选项意思分：［B］加剧［C］集中［D］加紧拴牢
33选［D］draft草稿darft bill草案［C］preliminary(预备初步)强干扰项该词表示意思做正事前做准备工作意思符合文章意
34选［B］文章第段知立法目新闻媒体证付酬成非法活动［B］illegal正确三选项意思分［A］符合逻辑［C］［D］恰
35选［A］英国众院说立法控制媒体件案例报道公开性选［A］publicity三选项意思分：［B］惩罚［C］受欢迎程度［D］古怪性
36选［C］四选项中［C］before确切审判前控制件案例公开程度合理
37选［D］空格面名词a committee report动词搭配言四选项［A］sided面般接表示某采取样立场side with sb［B］shared表示分享意思［C］complied with 表示遵守服意思Lord Irvine法官［D］正确选项
38选［B］四选项意思分：［A］present呈送［B］offer提供［C］manifest表明呈现［D］indicate暗示句意［B］恰
39选［B］段容Lord Irvine讲话引起媒体抗议讲话两天信发表应该publication［A］release般指唱片电影书籍发行［C］printing印刷［D］exposure曝光般指事情公布众文知Lord Irvine信作类事物
40选［A］storm(暴风雨)体现媒体抗议强烈程度rage发怒flare交光闪耀flash闪光符合句意
41选［B］空格名词privacy controls(隐私控制)文章讲英国众院立法禁止新闻媒体目击者付酬样立法引起媒体抗议争议焦点欧洲立法中包含隐私控制属问题处interpretational(解释阐释)三项符合句意
42选［C］文章容法官拥隐私控制解释权国会拥隐私控制解释权争议核心问题法官国会互相立关系两者取四选项中rather than(…)表达样意思other than强干扰项表达意思…包括名词表示排
43选［B］整句话容处makes44题中形容词构成贴切表达
44选［A］binding意思：约束力束缚力
45选［C］be entitled to sth固定表达方式意思权利做…权利享受…三项样结构
46选［A］处填介词with表原句意思：英国法官新闻会安全握
47选［D］文章关目击付酬争没结束成争点(issue)
48选［C］里sb is said to 结构意思：说…49选［D］处填入that引导位语句表明concerns容
50选［C］容易排［B］confide(…告心事)［A］［C］［D］互干扰项［A］assure意思：确信放心［D］guaranotee意思保证［C］ensure词义较广泛光保证意思某事必然发生意思意项文章中应取意思文章句话意思担心样做(目击证付酬)会鼓励目击证法庭分渲染事导致罪判决
51选［D］题属细节类题目文章第二段句正确解答题提供帮助句中关键词in those areas of science based especially on a mathe matical or laboratory training表明专业分工较明显学科性质般建立数学实验室研究方面学科四选项中［D］物理学化学正确选项
52选［B］题答案明显排法解决文章第段两句指出专业分工影响交流程系列相关科学发展中部分科学活动断增长专业化趋势两句出专业分工专业化科学发展两方面两者区［A］专业分工专业化间没什差正确文章第三段出专业科技员业余科技员持相容态度着专业化断发展种相容关系更加明显［C］专业员倾欢迎业余员加入科学团体中错误第三段句话中whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way表示业余科技员方团体国家团体［D］错误排［B］唯正确选项
53选［C］题属握作者意图类题目文章第二段句找线索句中trend 指科学活动中专业分工专业化趋势原文中The trendcan be illuserated in terms of the development of geology换成题目中动语态illustrate换成demonstrate
54选［C］文章第段第句提供题答案原文中an increasing accumalation of suentific knowledge换成选项中the expansion of scientific knowledge
55选［C］题digital divide 定义作出评价文章第段中Mywife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years agodigital divide做评价关键词looming danger(隐约出现危险)表明digital divide危险全世界需防范
56选［A］文章第二段前半部分指出政府重视互联网原互联网越开放意味着更顾客关键句afraid their countries will be left behind
57选［D］文章第四段前两句提供题线索两句意思：利工具贫穷国家需克服(get over)外国投资种落反殖民义仿见然视外国投资已权侵略国家许应学美国基础设施建设历史两句话出作者提美国目说明贫穷国家采取吸收外资政策
58选［A］文章第三段题提供线索段指出Internet重性时文章段中…which today is an electronic infrastructure表明电子工业国家济发展重性
59选［B］文章第段第句问句形式表明文旨寻找许美国报纸报导信原［B］项容
60选［D］文章第二段指出新闻信度调查项目调查结果low level findings abont factual errors and grammar mistakes …见调查结果肤浅(superfalial)
61选［C］文章第三段开始文章找出读者信新离报导许种原包括新闻业部传统报导模式(conventional story line)新闻记者读者文化社会脱节文章第六段指出The astonishing distrust of the news media isn＇t rooted in …but in the daily clash of world views between reporters ard their readets表明新闻记者受信基原世界观原文中world views换成选项中world ontlook
62选［A］文章段指出报业然满足读者原it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases…说报业没意识真正问题
63选［C］文章第句题提供答案原文中mergers and acquisitions(合兼)换成选项中combine and become bigger
64选［C］(题属细节类题目文章直接定位运排法找出正确选项)文章三段指出巨兼合潮推动力包括运输通讯费降低较低贸易投资壁垒需采扩营方式满足顾客需扩市场显然［A］正确选项
65选［D］题属推理类题目正确解答题关键正确理解第四段第二句话 It is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were … when the stardard oil trust was broken up句话表明标准石油托拉期世界前威胁竞争天合会hard to imagine(难想象)
66选［B］题属握作者观念点类题目文章段第句指出the fast remains that the merger movement must be watched(然事实合运动观)表明作者股生意潮态度较客观(objective)外整篇文章作者态度客观例第四段作者讲兼益处段涉兼会引起种问题
67选［B］题道推理性题目需正确理解文章第段做出正确选择段第指出作者辞全职工作时发现加入国际潮中显然全职工作国际潮第二句中a lateral move意思行移动横移动显然指做全职工作正伤害作者尊心阻碍职业发展行移动促放弃较高形象职业生涯段句指出作者声称：I wanted to spend more time with my familycover职职见作者环境素辞工作［B］正确选项
68选［B］文章第二段提供题线索第二段中transformed into 表明作者生活观改变采取然(downshifting)生活方式结果
69选［C］文章整篇容(第三段)downshiftingjuggling your life两种相立生活方式然downshifting然juggling your life意味着生活中压力时第三段juggling your life做具体描述：12时工作日紧迫交稿期限办公室政治怕压力限定时间做母局限见juggling your life指种充满极端压力生活
70选［D］文章第五段第句话题提供线索While in American the trend (downshifting) started as a vacation to the economic decline表明美国种趋势济衰退反应
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