国开电科理英语3机考题库
第四题 阅读理解判断题
说明：2023年3月整理适国开电2023年67月机考
A
A question that often troubles food companies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the foodPest control experts say poisons should never be used where they may enter foodThey say the first line of defense against pests is to clean the places where the food is handled or stored
Floorsfood preparation surfaces and tools can be disinfected with chemicals like chlorineiodine or bromineFood containers should be stored about half a meter off the ground and about half a meter away from any wallsStorage areas should be kept dry and clean
Containers for raw materials such as ricewheatetcshould be kept closed and cleanAny foodstuff split during delivery or handling should be cleared up both inside and outside the buildingPests enter a building from the outsideso pay attention to outer wallsSmall stones can be used to cover the ground and block the growth of plants and the grass should be kept short to deny pests a place to live
Check that doors and windows are completely closedAlso any hole that might allow pests to enter a building should be filledRats can enter through a hole the size of a coinA mouse can pass through a hole half that size
Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by employeesThis will aid the efforts and also help prepare for any inspectionsIn most countriesthere is a food and drug administration bureauor some agency with a similar namewhich enforces rules nationwideresponsible for rules about the use of pesticidesetcHoweverbusinesses where food is storedprepared or sold must also follow state and local health lawsMost of these governmental departments or bureaus have their websites with information about food safety policies and other issuesPeople can easily access the information
26According to pest control expertspoisons should never be used as they may enter food[答案]T
27Food preparation surfaces and tools should be kept clean[答案]T
28Outer walls are used to stop pests from entering a building from the outside[答案]T
29People can easily access the information about food safety policies from the government departments and bureaus[答案]F
30The main idea of the passage is how to prevent plants and grass from growing[答案]F
A Quality Management System (QMS) should clearly understand customer
requirementsand to provide good designqualified production in an effective and efficient way
When the Quality Management System fails to fulfill its function and customer requirements are not metcustomers might be upsetmanagement and employees both might be unhappybut its negative influence is not so widespreadUnluckilysome Quality Management System failures do make headlines
Here are three cases of famous quality management failures
3 MILE ISLAND
The worst nuclear disaster in UShistory broke out at the 3 Mile Island reactor facility in eastern Pennsylvania in March 1979Proper controls that should have been developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in placeThen the situation was made worse by human error because of the lack of proper trainingThe only new nuclear power stations built since that day were the ones already under construction
FORD PINTO
The Ford Pinto is the most wellknown and the worst disaster in the whole USautomobile industry in the 1970sApparently the entire USauto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the sixtiesNot only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designedthey also became very unreliable after 4050 thousand milesThe Pinto tops the list of QMS failures because of its dangerous design faults and the questionable ethical decisions made by top management
IPHONE 4
Apple almost lost its dominance in the smartphone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers who had upgraded to the new model early onIndependent tests showed that touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call – not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make callsMeanwhile Apple continued to deny or minimize the problemAs the problem continued to make news headlinesApple eventually agreed to a voluntary recall to correct the problem
All of the above famous quality management failures could probably have been prevented if the principles of a fully functioning quality management system had been in place
1A company should provide well designed products[答案]T
2A company should place company＇s interest at the first place[答案]F
3A company should reduce the amount of waste[答案]T
4A company should satisfy all employees＇ requirements[答案]F
5A company should produce qualified products[答案]T
B
BEIJING’S ROADS FOR THE FUTURE
The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD)is being redesigned to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency
Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approvedmeasuring 415 kilometers in totalIn addition to public busesfree or low price shuttle buses from residence areas to subway stations will also be provided for commuters
This is just over four times the number of roads opened in 2007and will add another 155 km to the existing road network
Besides roadsan underground traffic system has also been operatingwhich includes four new subway lines beneath the CBD
The underground connection system is made up of two levelsThe first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilitieswhile the second underground floor is planned for parking
The city has also invested 140 million yuan to set up a traffic inquiry systemthrough which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS systemIn the futurethe CBD will be fully covered by an intelligent traffic control system
1The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD)is being designed again[答案]T
2Commuters can only take public buses from residence areas to subway stations[答案]F
3The redesigned road will be 155 kilometers long[答案]F
4The underground traffic system has four new subway lines beneath the CBD[答案]T
5Both levels of the underground connection system are planned for parking[答案]F
C
Community service is a service or activity which is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or public organizations
While volunteers may provide community servicenot everyone taking part in a community service program is a volunteerbecause not everyone is doing it through their own choiceSometimes people are asked to do it by
◆their governmentas part of a citizenship requirement instead of military service
◆the courts and other criminal justice punishments
◆their schoolto meet the requirements of a classor to meet the requirements of graduationorin the case of parentsrequired to provide a certain number of hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
There are also people providing community servicebut they receive some form of payment in return for their work
YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICE
Community service performed by young peoplealso known as youth serviceis intended to strengthen young peoples＇ senses of civic engagement and communityand to help them achieve their educationaldevelopmental and social goals
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION
Many educational institutions in the United States require students to perform community service hours to graduate from high schoolIn some high schools in Washington Statefor examplestudents must complete 60 hours of community service to receive a diploma
CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION
Contribution of service is a condition of enrollment in some programsMost commonlyparents may be required to serve for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
COLLEGES
Though technically not a requirementmany colleges make community service an unofficial requirement for acceptanceHoweversome colleges prefer work experience over community serviceand some require that their students also participate in community service in order to graduate
[判断题]
◆The organizer is the beneficiary of community service[答案]F
◆Some people who take part in community services are not volunteers[答案]T
◆Most of the youth who volunteer in community service are motivated by personal purposes[答案]F
◆In some high schoolsstudents must complete certain hours of community service to receive a diploma[答案]T
◆Every university considers community service is the most important experience for students among other practiceslike internship[答案]F
Community service is a service or activity which is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or public organizations
While volunteers may provide community servicenot everyone taking part in a community service program is a volunteerbecause not everyone is doing it through their own choiceSometimes people are asked to do it bytheir governmentas part of a citizenship requirement instead of military servicethe courts and other criminal justice punishmentstheir schoolto meet the requirements of a classor to meet the requirements of graduationorin the case of parentsrequired to provide a certain number of hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
There are also people providing community servicebut they receive some form of payment in return for their work
◆YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICE
Community service performed by young peoplealso known as youth serviceis intended to strengthen young peoples＇ senses of civic engagement and communityand to help them achieve their educationaldevelopmental and social goals
◆HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION
Many educational institutions in the United States require students to perform community service hours to graduate from high schoolIn some high schools in Washington Statefor examplestudents must complete 60 hours of community service to receive a diploma
◆CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION
Contribution of service is a condition of enrollment in some programsMost commonlyparents may be required to serve for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
◆COLLEGES
Though technically not a requirementmany colleges make community service an unofficial requirement for acceptanceHoweversome colleges prefer work experience over community serviceand some require that their students also participate in community service in order to graduate
1The organizer is the beneficiary of community service[答案]F
2Some people who take part in community services are not volunteers[答案]T
3Most of the youth who volunteer in community service are motivated by personal purposes[答案]F
4In some high schoolsstudents must complete certain hours of community service to receive a diploma[答案]T
5Every university considers community service is the most important experience for students among other practiceslike internship[答案]F
E
English is spoken as a native language by around 377 million people and as a second language by around 375 million speakers in the world Speakers of English as a second language will soon outnumber those who speak it as a first language Around 750 million people are believed to speak English as a foreign language English has an official or a special status in 75 countries with a total population of over 2 billion
The domination of the English language globally is a sure thing English is the language of international communications business tourism education science computer technology media and the Internet
British colonialism in the 19th century and American capitalism and technological
progress in the 20th century were undoubtedly the main causes for the spread of English throughout the world From the fifteenth century the British began to sail all over the world and became explorers colonists and imperialists They took the English language to many places For the last hundred years the USA has played a leading role in most parts of the world The Hollywood film industry also attracted many foreign artists in quest of fame and fortune and the number of American films produced every year soon flooded the market
However the future of English as a global language will depend very largely on the political economic demographic and cultural trends in the world
[判断题]
◆English will maintain its dominance because of its language advantage
[答案]F
◆The first paragraph shows that English has the largest population of native speakers in the world
[答案]F
◆English is the most widely used language in the world according to the second paragraph
[答案]T
◆American explorers sailed all over the world and took English to many places
[答案]F
◆The Hollywood films flooded the market because people in the world love English films
[答案]F
Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warningThe more you are prepared for themthe better you will be able to actreducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs
Emergency response plans(ERP s)are intended to provide clear and effective steps for managing an emergencyAn ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildingscommunication with local emergency services and the general publicindividual roles and responsibilities during an emergencyand supplies and materials that may be needed
Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace
Determine when an evacuation would be necessary
Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exitsMake sure they are clearly marked and well litPost signs
Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation
Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuatedclear at all timesand unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional
hazards
Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office
Choose evacuation wardens who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees
Establish specific evacuation proceduresThis includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include
Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees
Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and proceduresKeep records of such drills
Consider the transportation needs of employees
Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them
Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language
Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency(for examplecontact numbers for their homenextofkinor special medical conditions)
1The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs[答案]T
2Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP[答案]F
3According to the passagethe blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards[答案]F
4The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office[答案]T
5To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routesthe emergency drills should be held once half a year[答案]F
H
HOW TO PREPARE AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR YOUR WORKPLACE
Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warningThe more you are prepared for themthe better you will be able to actreducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs
Emergency response plans(ERP s)are intended to provide clear and effective steps for
managing an emergencyAn ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildingscommunication with local emergency services and the general publicindividual roles and responsibilities during an emergencyand supplies and materials that may be needed
Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace
Determine when an evacuation would be necessary
Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exitsMake sure they are clearly marked and well litPost signs
Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation
Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuatedclear at all timesand unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional hazards
Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office
Choose evacuation wardens who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees
Establish specific evacuation proceduresThis includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include
Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees
Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and proceduresKeep records of such drills
Consider the transportation needs of employees
Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them
Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language
Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency(for examplecontact numbers for their homenextofkinor special medical conditions)
1The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs[答案]T
2Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP[答案]F
3According to the passagethe blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards[答案]F
4The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office[答案]T
5To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the
effectiveness of emergency exit routesthe emergency drills should be held once half a year[答案]F
I
I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morningHe is almost sick when my mother ca11sHerbert It’s seven 0’clock Get up
Herbert answersI’ m comingand goes right back to sleepI’ m not at all like my brotherI don’t like to go to bed at night but I don’t mind getting up in the morningI usually wake up before my mother calls meI jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a showerI get dressedbrush my teethcomb my hairand get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls
But not HerbertHe just sleepsA military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him upI call him and sayGet up Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don’ t get up immediately
But he just sleepsAfter calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bedIt’s that way every day with my little brotherPerhaps someday he’ll learn to get up on timebut I really don’t think so
[判断题]
◆The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school[答案]F
◆When mother callsHerbert doesn’t answer and remains in bed[答案]F
◆My mother often has to pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up[答案]T
◆Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up[答案]F
◆The writer thinks someday Herbert will learn to get up on time[答案]F
I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morningHe is almost sick when my mother ca11sHerbert It’s seven 0’clock Get up
Herbert answersI’ m comingand goes right back to sleepI’ m not at all like my brotherI don’t like to go to bed at night but I don’t mind getting up in the morningI usually wake up before my mother calls meI jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a showerI get dressedbrush my teethcomb my hairand get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls
But not HerbertHe just sleepsA military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him upI call him and sayGet up Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don’ t get up immediately
But he just sleepsAfter calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bedIt’s that way every day with my little brotherPerhaps someday he’ll learn to get up on timebut I really don’t think so
26The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school[答案]F
27When mother callsHerbert doesn’t answer and remains in bed[答案]F
28My mother often has to pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up[答案]T
29Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up[答案]F
30The writer thinks someday Herbert will learn to get up on time[答案]F
N
NOTABLE QUALITY MANAGEMENT FAILURES
A Quality Management System (QMS) should clearly understand customer requirementsand to provide good designqualified production in an effective and efficient way
When the Quality Management System fails to fulfill its function and customer requirements are not metcustomers might be upsetmanagement and employees both might be unhappybut its negative influence is not so widespreadUnluckilysome Quality Management System failures do make headlines
Here are three cases of famous quality management failures
3 MILE ISLAND
The worst nuclear disaster in UShistory broke out at the 3 Mile Island reactor facility in eastern Pennsylvania in March 1979Proper controls that should have been developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in placeThen the situation was made worse by human error because of the lack of proper trainingThe only new nuclear power stations built since that day were the ones already under construction
FORD PINTO
The Ford Pinto is the most wellknown and the worst disaster in the whole USautomobile industry in the 1970sApparently the entire USauto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the sixtiesNot only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designedthey also became very unreliable after 4050 thousand milesThe Pinto tops the list of QMS failures because of its dangerous design faults and the questionable ethical decisions made by top management
IPHONE 4
Apple almost lost its dominance in the smartphone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers who had upgraded to the new model early onIndependent tests showed that touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call – not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make callsMeanwhile Apple continued to deny or minimize the problemAs the problem continued to make news headlinesApple eventually agreed to a voluntary recall to correct the problem
All of the above famous quality management failures could probably have been prevented if the principles of a fully functioning quality management system had been in place
1A company should provide well designed products[答案]T
2A company should place company＇s interest at the first place[答案]F
3A company should reduce the amount of waste[答案]T
4A company should satisfy all employees＇ requirements[答案]F
5A company should produce qualified products[答案]T
R
Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English It is also the most important way
Some students say they don＇t want to read for pleasure They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words They say that pleasure reading is too easy
Many experts(专家)say pleasure reading is very important for learning English Dr Stephen Krashen a famous expert on learning languages says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English Students learn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure They also learn more about good writing
Dr Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way Each student needs to learn something different Pleasure reading makes it possible for each student to learn what he or she needs
Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying When you read for pleasure you choose your own books and you don＇t have to remember everything There are no tests on your pleasure reading books Pleasure reading will help you
● learn how English speakers use English
● read faster in English
● find examples of good writing in English
● learn new words
● learn about the cultures of English speakers
[判断题]
◆Pleasure reading is important for learning English
[答案]T
◆Studying is the easier way to become a better reader
[答案]F
◆Some students think of pleasure reading not easy
[答案]F
◆Do pleasure reading can not help us become better readers
[答案]F
◆We can learn what we need is the greatest advantage of pleasure reading
[答案]T
ROAD CLOSURE PROCEDURES IN SYDNEY
To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydneythe City’s highway department will not agree to road closures scheduled for weekdays or SaturdaysOn minor roads outside the city centerweekdays and Saturdays may be consideredYou must apply for approval to do roadwork and other roadrelated activitiestree cutting and use of very large construction machineryladdersetcPlease note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath
Applications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date
Roads can be closed partially or fullydepending on your requirementsPartial road closures are only allowed in light traffic areas where there will be at least 1 lane for traffic with extra traffic control measures to make sure 2way traffic can continue to run for the duration of the workAny change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closureFor further information about a partial road closureplease refer to Contacts
If you are organizing a parademarch or other type of streetbased eventapproval is also required and we recommend you choose one of our 4 preferred routesChoosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do
1Closures scheduled for Sundays on minor roads outside the city center may be considered[答案]F
2You need to get approval if you plan to block the road or footpath[答案]T
3Roads can only be closed partially[答案]F
4If you choose an existing route for a paradethe amount of planning will be reduced[答案]T
5Road closure applications can be sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee one week before the scheduled date[答案]F
S
SAVE MONEY BY UNDERSTANDING WHY YOU SPEND IT
To save moneyyou simply need to spend less than you earnIt is easy to saybut why is it so difficult to do To answer this questionyou need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time
EASY ACCESS TO CREDIT
For most peoplethis is the biggest reason for overspendingPeople can easily get a credit cardsimply by filling out a short form in a bank or jumping on their
websiteThey can borrow money from banks to go shoppingeven buy cars or housesWhen you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a purchaseyou will feel you are spending free money or you aren＇t spending money at allTry using cash to get your spending under control
MISUSING CREDIT CARDS
A credit card is an interest free shortterm loanWhen used as plannedthis can be a powerful financial toolThe problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to monthIf you make a 200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can’t afford to repay the full amountthis is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt youThat is no way of saving money
GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION
We all need to enjoy lifebut don’t waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren’t in your budgetWhen you know that you can’t afford an activitydon’t give inInsteadinvite your friends over for a home dinner partygame nightor some other activities where you can still enjoy time togetherbut without breaking your budget
SPENDING TO FEEL GOOD
Everyone enjoys getting something newbuying yourself something feels goodThere is absolutely nothing wrong with thisas long as you don’t go overboardYou’ll feel good about your purchase whether you make it with cash or by credit cardbut you＇ll feel even better when you don＇t have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20 interest
1You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month[答案]T
2Using a credit card to pay is spending free money[答案]F
3It’s easy to get a credit card but hard to make ends meet[答案]T
4If you suffer from a deficit this monthyou simply have to pay it off by the original amount in the future[答案]F
5Spending to feel good means keeping your spending within the budget[答案]T
T
To save moneyyou simply need to spend less than you earnIt is easy to saybut why is it so difficult to do To answer this questionyou need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time
EASY ACCESS TO CREDIT
For most peoplethis is the biggest reason for overspendingPeople can easily get a credit cardsimply by filling out a short form in a bank or jumping on their websiteThey can borrow money from banks to go shoppingeven buy cars or housesWhen you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a purchaseyou will feel you are spending free money or you aren＇t spending money at allTry using cash to get your spending under control
MISUSING CREDIT CARDS
A credit card is an interest free shortterm loanWhen used as plannedthis can be a powerful financial toolThe problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to monthIf you make a 200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can’t afford to repay the full amountthis is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt youThat is no way of saving money
GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION
We all need to enjoy lifebut don’t waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren’t in your budgetWhen you know that you can’t afford an activitydon’t give inInsteadinvite your friends over for a home dinner partygame nightor some other activities where you can still enjoy time togetherbut without breaking your budget
SPENDING TO FEEL GOOD
Everyone enjoys getting something newbuying yourself something feels goodThere is absolutely nothing wrong with thisas long as you don’t go overboardYou＇ll feel good about your purchase whether you make it with cash or by credit cardbut you＇ll feel even better when you don＇t have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20 interest
[判断题]
◆Always pay attention to your budget while spending
[答案]T
◆For most people easy access to credit is the biggest reason for overspending
[答案]T
◆Using a credit card to pay is spending free money
[答案]F
◆Using credit card is an effective way to get your spending under control
[答案]F
◆You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month
[答案]T
To save moneyyou simply need to spend less than you earnIt is easy to saybut why is it so difficult to do To answer this questionyou need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time
EASY ACCESS TO CREDIT
For most peoplethis is the biggest reason for overspendingPeople can easily get a credit cardsimply by filling out a short form in a bank or jumping on their websiteThey can borrow money from banks to go shoppingeven buy cars or
housesWhen you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a purchaseyou will feel you are spending free money or you aren＇t spending money at allTry using cash to get your spending under control
MISUSING CREDIT CARDS
A credit card is an interest free shortterm loanWhen used as plannedthis can be a powerful financial toolThe problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to monthIf you make a 200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can’t afford to repay the full amountthis is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt youThat is no way of saving money
GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION
We all need to enjoy lifebut don’t waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren’t in your budgetWhen you know that you can’t afford an activitydon’t give inInsteadinvite your friends over for a home dinner partygame nightor some other activities where you can still enjoy time togetherbut without breaking your budget
SPENDING TO FEEL GOOD
Everyone enjoys getting something newbuying yourself something feels goodThere is absolutely nothing wrong with thisas long as you don’t go overboardYou＇ll feel good about your purchase whether you make it with cash or by credit cardbut you＇ll feel even better when you don＇t have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20 interest
◆You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month[答案]T
◆Using a credit card to pay is spending free money[答案]F
◆It＇s easy to get a credit card but hard to make ends meet[答案]T
◆If you suffer from a deficit this monthyou simply have to pay it off by the original amount in the future[答案]F
◆Spending to feel good means keeping your spending within the budget[答案]T
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITIES NETWORK (INFOSAN)
With the rapid globalization of food production and tradeinternational issues related to food safety are likely to increaseFood safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levelsThere is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issuesand sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place
INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)This global network includes 181 Member StatesEach has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities
The network aims to
Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events
Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest
Promote partnership and cooperation between countries
Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks
As part of its routine activitiesthe INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues
INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its membersIt is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared
INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations programINFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern
1It is probable that there will be more and more safety related issues worldwide[答案]T
2Food safety authorities in each country believe that food safety problems should be solved within their country[答案]F
3The major duty of the INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point in each FAO member state is to manage communication between national food safety authorities[答案]T
4Public health organizations can get findings of investigations and strategies for food safety improvement from INFOSAN[答案]T
5INFOSAN monitors possible international events concerning food safety independently[答案]F
The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD)is being redesigned to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency
Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approvedmeasuring 415 kilometers in totalIn addition to public busesfree or low price shuttle buses from residence areas to subway stations will also be provided for commuters
This is just over four times the number of roads opened in 2007and will add another
155km to the existing road network
Besides roadsan underground traffic system has also been operatingwhich includes four new subway lines beneath the CBD
The underground connection system is made up of two levelsThe first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilitieswhile the second underground floor is planned for parking
The city has also invested 140 million yuan to setup a traffic inquiry systemthrough which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS systemIn the futurethe CBD will be fully e over ed by an intelligent traffic control system
26The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD) is being designed again[答案]T
27Commuters can only take public buses from residence areas to subway stations[答案]F
28Theredesigned road will be 155 kilometers long[答案]F
29The underground traffic system has four new subway lines beneath the CBD[答案]T
30Both levels of the underground connection system are planned for parking[答案]F
The war for talent reads like headlines from many years agobut it has never gone awaysays Eleanor Nicker sondirector of UK operations for Top EmployersMany companies they have researched are short of talentsThough the companies may receive many applicationsthey cannot find the people they want
Top Employers’ research shows that offering good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talentSmart employees know their own value and will want to know what their employers can offer them after 5 or 10 years’ career developmentSokeeping staff is the biggest challenge employers face in the long run
Yet not every employee feels that they can better their career chancesSome are still nervous about losing their jobsdespite a recent fall in unemploymentsays the Trades Union Congress (TUC)TUC points out that some fourfifths of new jobs created have been in part of the economy where average pay rates are less than an hour since the recession beganMany of these jobs are on temporary or zero hours contracts
A report from the Office for National Statistics published in February showed that real wages have been falling consistently since 2010It’s the longest period since at least 1964We’re still in the hardest living standards squeeze for over a century and those who are already working have had years of realterms pay cuts says TUC spokesperson Liz ChinchenUnderstanding the pressures that staff face is a good starting point for any employerIf employers want to show concern for their staffthey should be paying them well and understand that zero hours contracts bring insecurity and extreme money worries
26Many companies are not short of talents any more[答案]F
27Providing employees with good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talent[答案]T
28Smart employees don’t care about what companies can offer them after 5 or 10 years’ career development[答案]F
29Most of the new jobs are paid more than an hour[答案]F
30Payments have been decreasing consistently since 2010[答案]T
The war for talent reads like headlines from many years agobut it has never gone awaysays Eleanor Nickersondirector of UK operations for Top EmployersMany companies they have researched are short of talentsThough the companies may receive many applicationsthey cannot find the people they want
Top Employers’ research shows that offering good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talentSmart employees know their own value and will want to know what their employers can offer them after 5 or 10 years’ career developmentSokeeping staff is the biggest challenge employers face in the long run
Yet not every employee feels that they can better their career chancesSome are still nervous about losing their jobsdespite a recent fall in unemploymentsays the Trades Union Congress (TUC)TUC points out that some fourfifths of new jobs created have been in part of the economy where average pay rates are less than an hour since the recession beganMany of these jobs are on temporary or zero hours contracts
A report from the Office for National Statistics published in February showed that real wages have been falling consistently since 2010It’s the longest period since at least 1964We’re still in the hardest living standards squeeze for over a century and those who are already working have had years of realterms pay cuts says TUC spokesperson Liz ChinchenUnderstanding the pressures that staff face is a good starting point for any employerIf employers want to show concern for their staffthey should be paying them well and understand that zero hours contracts bring insecurity and extreme money worries
1According to research by Top Employersmany corporations have enough talents for their development[答案]F
2The data shows the key to attracting talents is to offer high salary[答案]F
3The biggest challenge for employers to is keeping staff in the long run[答案]T
4Not all employees believe that they can get a better offer[答案]T
5The wages have been rising consistently since 2010[答案]F
To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydneythe City’s highway department will not agree to road closures scheduled for weekdays or SaturdaysOn minor roads outside the city centerweekdays and Saturdays may be consideredYou must apply for approval to do roadwork and other
roadrelated activitiestree cutting and use of very large construction machineryladdersetcPlease note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath
Applications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date
Roads can be closed partially or fullydepending on your requirementsPartial road closures are only allowed in light traffic areas where there will be at least 1 lane for traffic with extra traffic control measures to make sure 2way traffic can continue to run for the duration of the workAny change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closureFor further information about a partial road closureplease refer to Contacts
If you are organizing a parademarch or other type of streetbased eventapproval is also required and we recommend you choose one of our 4 preferred routesChoosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do
1Closures scheduled for Sundays on minor roads outside the city center may be considered[答案]F
2You need to get approval if you plan to block the road or footpath[答案]T
3Roads can only be closed partially[答案]F
4If you choose an existing route for a paradethe amount of planning will be reduced[答案]T
5Road closure applications can be sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee one week before the scheduled date[答案]F
W
We live in an age full of opportunitiesIf you are smart enoughand have got ambition and keep pushing forwardyou can rise to the top of your chosen professionno matter where you started out
But with opportunity comes responsibilityCompanies today aren’t managing their employees’ careersProfessional workers must be their own chief executive officers (CEO)It’s up to you to strive for your placeto keep yourself engaged and productive during a working life that may last around 50 yearsTo do those things wellyou’ll need to have a deep understanding of yourselfnot only what your strengths and weaknesses arebut also how you learnhow you work with otherswhat your values areand where you can make the greatest contributionBecause only when you operate from strength can you achieve true excellence
History’s great achieversNapoléonda Vinciand Mozarthave always managed themselvesBut they are so unusual both in their talents and their accomplishments as to be considered rare exceptionsNowmost of useven those of us with modest talentswill have to learn to manage ourselvesWe will have to learn to develop
ourselvesWe will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contributionAnd we will have to stay mentally alert and engaged during a 50year working lifewhich means knowing how and when to change the work we do
26Companies today are responsible for employee’s career[答案]F
27It is the CEO who decides your place[答案]F
28You need to understand your company well so that you can do things well[答案]F
29Understanding yourself means knowing well about your strengthsweaknessesyour valueshow you learnhow you do with others and so on[答案]T
30Ordinary people cannot manage themselves well[答案]F
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITIES NETWORK (INFOSAN)
With the rapid globalization of food production and tradeinternational issues related to food safety are likely to increaseFood safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levelsThere is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issuesand sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place
INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)This global network includes 181 Member StatesEach has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities
The network aims to
Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events
Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest
Promote partnership and cooperation between countries
Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks
As part of its routine activitiesthe INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues
INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its membersIt is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared
INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations programINFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern
1It is probable that there will be more and more safety related issues worldwide[答案]T
2Food safety authorities in each country believe that food safety problems should be solved within their country[答案]F
3The major duty of the INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point in each FAO member state is to manage communication between national food safety authorities[答案]T
4Public health organizations can get findings of investigations and strategies for food safety improvement from INFOSAN[答案]T
5INFOSAN monitors possible international events concerning food safety independently[答案]F
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第四题 阅读理解判断题
说明：2023年3月整理适国开电2023年67月机考
A
A question that often troubles food companies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the foodPest control experts say poisons should never be used where they may enter foodThey say the first line of defense against pests is to clean the places where the food is handled or stored
Floorsfood preparation surfaces and tools can be disinfected with chemicals like chlorineiodine or bromineFood containers should be stored about half a meter off the ground and about half a meter away from any wallsStorage areas should be kept dry and clean
Containers for raw materials such as ricewheatetcshould be kept closed and cleanAny foodstuff split during delivery or handling should be cleared up both inside and outside the buildingPests enter a building from the outsideso pay attention to outer wallsSmall stones can be used to cover the ground and block the growth of plants and the grass should be kept short to deny pests a place to live
Check that doors and windows are completely closedAlso any hole that might allow pests to enter a building should be filledRats can enter through a hole the size of a coinA mouse can pass through a hole half that size
Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by employeesThis will aid the efforts and also help prepare for any inspectionsIn most countriesthere is a food and drug administration bureauor some agency with a similar namewhich enforces rules nationwideresponsible for rules about the use of pesticidesetcHoweverbusinesses where food is storedprepared or sold must also follow state and local health lawsMost of these governmental departments or bureaus have their websites with information about food safety policies and other issuesPeople can easily access the information
26According to pest control expertspoisons should never be used as they may enter food[答案]T
27Food preparation surfaces and tools should be kept clean[答案]T
28Outer walls are used to stop pests from entering a building from the outside[答案]T
29People can easily access the information about food safety policies from the government departments and bureaus[答案]F
30The main idea of the passage is how to prevent plants and grass from growing[答案]F
A Quality Management System (QMS) should clearly understand customer
requirementsand to provide good designqualified production in an effective and efficient way
When the Quality Management System fails to fulfill its function and customer requirements are not metcustomers might be upsetmanagement and employees both might be unhappybut its negative influence is not so widespreadUnluckilysome Quality Management System failures do make headlines
Here are three cases of famous quality management failures
3 MILE ISLAND
The worst nuclear disaster in UShistory broke out at the 3 Mile Island reactor facility in eastern Pennsylvania in March 1979Proper controls that should have been developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in placeThen the situation was made worse by human error because of the lack of proper trainingThe only new nuclear power stations built since that day were the ones already under construction
FORD PINTO
The Ford Pinto is the most wellknown and the worst disaster in the whole USautomobile industry in the 1970sApparently the entire USauto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the sixtiesNot only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designedthey also became very unreliable after 4050 thousand milesThe Pinto tops the list of QMS failures because of its dangerous design faults and the questionable ethical decisions made by top management
IPHONE 4
Apple almost lost its dominance in the smartphone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers who had upgraded to the new model early onIndependent tests showed that touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call – not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make callsMeanwhile Apple continued to deny or minimize the problemAs the problem continued to make news headlinesApple eventually agreed to a voluntary recall to correct the problem
All of the above famous quality management failures could probably have been prevented if the principles of a fully functioning quality management system had been in place
1A company should provide well designed products[答案]T
2A company should place company＇s interest at the first place[答案]F
3A company should reduce the amount of waste[答案]T
4A company should satisfy all employees＇ requirements[答案]F
5A company should produce qualified products[答案]T
B
BEIJING’S ROADS FOR THE FUTURE
The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD)is being redesigned to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency
Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approvedmeasuring 415 kilometers in totalIn addition to public busesfree or low price shuttle buses from residence areas to subway stations will also be provided for commuters
This is just over four times the number of roads opened in 2007and will add another 155 km to the existing road network
Besides roadsan underground traffic system has also been operatingwhich includes four new subway lines beneath the CBD
The underground connection system is made up of two levelsThe first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilitieswhile the second underground floor is planned for parking
The city has also invested 140 million yuan to set up a traffic inquiry systemthrough which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS systemIn the futurethe CBD will be fully covered by an intelligent traffic control system
1The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD)is being designed again[答案]T
2Commuters can only take public buses from residence areas to subway stations[答案]F
3The redesigned road will be 155 kilometers long[答案]F
4The underground traffic system has four new subway lines beneath the CBD[答案]T
5Both levels of the underground connection system are planned for parking[答案]F
C
Community service is a service or activity which is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or public organizations
While volunteers may provide community servicenot everyone taking part in a community service program is a volunteerbecause not everyone is doing it through their own choiceSometimes people are asked to do it by
◆their governmentas part of a citizenship requirement instead of military service
◆the courts and other criminal justice punishments
◆their schoolto meet the requirements of a classor to meet the requirements of graduationorin the case of parentsrequired to provide a certain number of hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
There are also people providing community servicebut they receive some form of payment in return for their work
YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICE
Community service performed by young peoplealso known as youth serviceis intended to strengthen young peoples＇ senses of civic engagement and communityand to help them achieve their educationaldevelopmental and social goals
HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION
Many educational institutions in the United States require students to perform community service hours to graduate from high schoolIn some high schools in Washington Statefor examplestudents must complete 60 hours of community service to receive a diploma
CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION
Contribution of service is a condition of enrollment in some programsMost commonlyparents may be required to serve for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
COLLEGES
Though technically not a requirementmany colleges make community service an unofficial requirement for acceptanceHoweversome colleges prefer work experience over community serviceand some require that their students also participate in community service in order to graduate
[判断题]
◆The organizer is the beneficiary of community service[答案]F
◆Some people who take part in community services are not volunteers[答案]T
◆Most of the youth who volunteer in community service are motivated by personal purposes[答案]F
◆In some high schoolsstudents must complete certain hours of community service to receive a diploma[答案]T
◆Every university considers community service is the most important experience for students among other practiceslike internship[答案]F
Community service is a service or activity which is performed by someone or a group of people for the benefit of the public or public organizations
While volunteers may provide community servicenot everyone taking part in a community service program is a volunteerbecause not everyone is doing it through their own choiceSometimes people are asked to do it bytheir governmentas part of a citizenship requirement instead of military servicethe courts and other criminal justice punishmentstheir schoolto meet the requirements of a classor to meet the requirements of graduationorin the case of parentsrequired to provide a certain number of hours of service in order for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
There are also people providing community servicebut they receive some form of payment in return for their work
◆YOUTH COMMUNITY SERVICE
Community service performed by young peoplealso known as youth serviceis intended to strengthen young peoples＇ senses of civic engagement and communityand to help them achieve their educationaldevelopmental and social goals
◆HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION
Many educational institutions in the United States require students to perform community service hours to graduate from high schoolIn some high schools in Washington Statefor examplestudents must complete 60 hours of community service to receive a diploma
◆CONDITIONS OF PARTICIPATION
Contribution of service is a condition of enrollment in some programsMost commonlyparents may be required to serve for their child to be enrolled in a school or sports team
◆COLLEGES
Though technically not a requirementmany colleges make community service an unofficial requirement for acceptanceHoweversome colleges prefer work experience over community serviceand some require that their students also participate in community service in order to graduate
1The organizer is the beneficiary of community service[答案]F
2Some people who take part in community services are not volunteers[答案]T
3Most of the youth who volunteer in community service are motivated by personal purposes[答案]F
4In some high schoolsstudents must complete certain hours of community service to receive a diploma[答案]T
5Every university considers community service is the most important experience for students among other practiceslike internship[答案]F
E
English is spoken as a native language by around 377 million people and as a second language by around 375 million speakers in the world Speakers of English as a second language will soon outnumber those who speak it as a first language Around 750 million people are believed to speak English as a foreign language English has an official or a special status in 75 countries with a total population of over 2 billion
The domination of the English language globally is a sure thing English is the language of international communications business tourism education science computer technology media and the Internet
British colonialism in the 19th century and American capitalism and technological
progress in the 20th century were undoubtedly the main causes for the spread of English throughout the world From the fifteenth century the British began to sail all over the world and became explorers colonists and imperialists They took the English language to many places For the last hundred years the USA has played a leading role in most parts of the world The Hollywood film industry also attracted many foreign artists in quest of fame and fortune and the number of American films produced every year soon flooded the market
However the future of English as a global language will depend very largely on the political economic demographic and cultural trends in the world
[判断题]
◆English will maintain its dominance because of its language advantage
[答案]F
◆The first paragraph shows that English has the largest population of native speakers in the world
[答案]F
◆English is the most widely used language in the world according to the second paragraph
[答案]T
◆American explorers sailed all over the world and took English to many places
[答案]F
◆The Hollywood films flooded the market because people in the world love English films
[答案]F
Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warningThe more you are prepared for themthe better you will be able to actreducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs
Emergency response plans(ERP s)are intended to provide clear and effective steps for managing an emergencyAn ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildingscommunication with local emergency services and the general publicindividual roles and responsibilities during an emergencyand supplies and materials that may be needed
Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace
Determine when an evacuation would be necessary
Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exitsMake sure they are clearly marked and well litPost signs
Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation
Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuatedclear at all timesand unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional
hazards
Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office
Choose evacuation wardens who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees
Establish specific evacuation proceduresThis includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include
Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees
Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and proceduresKeep records of such drills
Consider the transportation needs of employees
Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them
Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language
Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency(for examplecontact numbers for their homenextofkinor special medical conditions)
1The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs[答案]T
2Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP[答案]F
3According to the passagethe blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards[答案]F
4The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office[答案]T
5To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routesthe emergency drills should be held once half a year[答案]F
H
HOW TO PREPARE AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR YOUR WORKPLACE
Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warningThe more you are prepared for themthe better you will be able to actreducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs
Emergency response plans(ERP s)are intended to provide clear and effective steps for
managing an emergencyAn ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildingscommunication with local emergency services and the general publicindividual roles and responsibilities during an emergencyand supplies and materials that may be needed
Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace
Determine when an evacuation would be necessary
Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exitsMake sure they are clearly marked and well litPost signs
Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation
Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuatedclear at all timesand unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional hazards
Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office
Choose evacuation wardens who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees
Establish specific evacuation proceduresThis includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include
Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees
Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and proceduresKeep records of such drills
Consider the transportation needs of employees
Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them
Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language
Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency(for examplecontact numbers for their homenextofkinor special medical conditions)
1The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs[答案]T
2Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP[答案]F
3According to the passagethe blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards[答案]F
4The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office[答案]T
5To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the
effectiveness of emergency exit routesthe emergency drills should be held once half a year[答案]F
I
I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morningHe is almost sick when my mother ca11sHerbert It’s seven 0’clock Get up
Herbert answersI’ m comingand goes right back to sleepI’ m not at all like my brotherI don’t like to go to bed at night but I don’t mind getting up in the morningI usually wake up before my mother calls meI jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a showerI get dressedbrush my teethcomb my hairand get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls
But not HerbertHe just sleepsA military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him upI call him and sayGet up Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don’ t get up immediately
But he just sleepsAfter calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bedIt’s that way every day with my little brotherPerhaps someday he’ll learn to get up on timebut I really don’t think so
[判断题]
◆The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school[答案]F
◆When mother callsHerbert doesn’t answer and remains in bed[答案]F
◆My mother often has to pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up[答案]T
◆Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up[答案]F
◆The writer thinks someday Herbert will learn to get up on time[答案]F
I think the most terrible thing in life for my little brother is getting up in the morningHe is almost sick when my mother ca11sHerbert It’s seven 0’clock Get up
Herbert answersI’ m comingand goes right back to sleepI’ m not at all like my brotherI don’t like to go to bed at night but I don’t mind getting up in the morningI usually wake up before my mother calls meI jump out of bed and go into the bathroom to take a showerI get dressedbrush my teethcomb my hairand get ready to go downstairs for breakfast as soon as my mother calls
But not HerbertHe just sleepsA military band (军乐队) in our bedroom could not wake him upI call him and sayGet up Mum will be up here to pull you out of bed if you don’ t get up immediately
But he just sleepsAfter calling a few more times my mother has to come upstairs and pull Herbert out of bedIt’s that way every day with my little brotherPerhaps someday he’ll learn to get up on timebut I really don’t think so
26The most terrible thing in life for my little brother is going to school[答案]F
27When mother callsHerbert doesn’t answer and remains in bed[答案]F
28My mother often has to pull Herbert out of bed as he refuses to get up[答案]T
29Sometimes we have to send for a military band to wake Herbert up[答案]F
30The writer thinks someday Herbert will learn to get up on time[答案]F
N
NOTABLE QUALITY MANAGEMENT FAILURES
A Quality Management System (QMS) should clearly understand customer requirementsand to provide good designqualified production in an effective and efficient way
When the Quality Management System fails to fulfill its function and customer requirements are not metcustomers might be upsetmanagement and employees both might be unhappybut its negative influence is not so widespreadUnluckilysome Quality Management System failures do make headlines
Here are three cases of famous quality management failures
3 MILE ISLAND
The worst nuclear disaster in UShistory broke out at the 3 Mile Island reactor facility in eastern Pennsylvania in March 1979Proper controls that should have been developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in placeThen the situation was made worse by human error because of the lack of proper trainingThe only new nuclear power stations built since that day were the ones already under construction
FORD PINTO
The Ford Pinto is the most wellknown and the worst disaster in the whole USautomobile industry in the 1970sApparently the entire USauto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the sixtiesNot only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designedthey also became very unreliable after 4050 thousand milesThe Pinto tops the list of QMS failures because of its dangerous design faults and the questionable ethical decisions made by top management
IPHONE 4
Apple almost lost its dominance in the smartphone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4Calls were dropped suddenly and frequently causing wide spread dissatisfaction among loyal customers who had upgraded to the new model early onIndependent tests showed that touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call – not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make callsMeanwhile Apple continued to deny or minimize the problemAs the problem continued to make news headlinesApple eventually agreed to a voluntary recall to correct the problem
All of the above famous quality management failures could probably have been prevented if the principles of a fully functioning quality management system had been in place
1A company should provide well designed products[答案]T
2A company should place company＇s interest at the first place[答案]F
3A company should reduce the amount of waste[答案]T
4A company should satisfy all employees＇ requirements[答案]F
5A company should produce qualified products[答案]T
R
Reading for pleasure is the easiest way to become a better reader in English It is also the most important way
Some students say they don＇t want to read for pleasure They say they want to use their time to learn the rules of the language and new words They say that pleasure reading is too easy
Many experts(专家)say pleasure reading is very important for learning English Dr Stephen Krashen a famous expert on learning languages says that pleasure reading helps you learn many important things about English Students learn more grammar and more words when they read for pleasure They also learn more about good writing
Dr Krashen tells us that pleasure reading helps each student in a different way Each student needs to learn something different Pleasure reading makes it possible for each student to learn what he or she needs
Reading for pleasure is not the same as studying When you read for pleasure you choose your own books and you don＇t have to remember everything There are no tests on your pleasure reading books Pleasure reading will help you
● learn how English speakers use English
● read faster in English
● find examples of good writing in English
● learn new words
● learn about the cultures of English speakers
[判断题]
◆Pleasure reading is important for learning English
[答案]T
◆Studying is the easier way to become a better reader
[答案]F
◆Some students think of pleasure reading not easy
[答案]F
◆Do pleasure reading can not help us become better readers
[答案]F
◆We can learn what we need is the greatest advantage of pleasure reading
[答案]T
ROAD CLOSURE PROCEDURES IN SYDNEY
To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydneythe City’s highway department will not agree to road closures scheduled for weekdays or SaturdaysOn minor roads outside the city centerweekdays and Saturdays may be consideredYou must apply for approval to do roadwork and other roadrelated activitiestree cutting and use of very large construction machineryladdersetcPlease note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath
Applications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date
Roads can be closed partially or fullydepending on your requirementsPartial road closures are only allowed in light traffic areas where there will be at least 1 lane for traffic with extra traffic control measures to make sure 2way traffic can continue to run for the duration of the workAny change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closureFor further information about a partial road closureplease refer to Contacts
If you are organizing a parademarch or other type of streetbased eventapproval is also required and we recommend you choose one of our 4 preferred routesChoosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do
1Closures scheduled for Sundays on minor roads outside the city center may be considered[答案]F
2You need to get approval if you plan to block the road or footpath[答案]T
3Roads can only be closed partially[答案]F
4If you choose an existing route for a paradethe amount of planning will be reduced[答案]T
5Road closure applications can be sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee one week before the scheduled date[答案]F
S
SAVE MONEY BY UNDERSTANDING WHY YOU SPEND IT
To save moneyyou simply need to spend less than you earnIt is easy to saybut why is it so difficult to do To answer this questionyou need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time
EASY ACCESS TO CREDIT
For most peoplethis is the biggest reason for overspendingPeople can easily get a credit cardsimply by filling out a short form in a bank or jumping on their
websiteThey can borrow money from banks to go shoppingeven buy cars or housesWhen you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a purchaseyou will feel you are spending free money or you aren＇t spending money at allTry using cash to get your spending under control
MISUSING CREDIT CARDS
A credit card is an interest free shortterm loanWhen used as plannedthis can be a powerful financial toolThe problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to monthIf you make a 200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can’t afford to repay the full amountthis is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt youThat is no way of saving money
GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION
We all need to enjoy lifebut don’t waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren’t in your budgetWhen you know that you can’t afford an activitydon’t give inInsteadinvite your friends over for a home dinner partygame nightor some other activities where you can still enjoy time togetherbut without breaking your budget
SPENDING TO FEEL GOOD
Everyone enjoys getting something newbuying yourself something feels goodThere is absolutely nothing wrong with thisas long as you don’t go overboardYou’ll feel good about your purchase whether you make it with cash or by credit cardbut you＇ll feel even better when you don＇t have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20 interest
1You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month[答案]T
2Using a credit card to pay is spending free money[答案]F
3It’s easy to get a credit card but hard to make ends meet[答案]T
4If you suffer from a deficit this monthyou simply have to pay it off by the original amount in the future[答案]F
5Spending to feel good means keeping your spending within the budget[答案]T
T
To save moneyyou simply need to spend less than you earnIt is easy to saybut why is it so difficult to do To answer this questionyou need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time
EASY ACCESS TO CREDIT
For most peoplethis is the biggest reason for overspendingPeople can easily get a credit cardsimply by filling out a short form in a bank or jumping on their websiteThey can borrow money from banks to go shoppingeven buy cars or housesWhen you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a purchaseyou will feel you are spending free money or you aren＇t spending money at allTry using cash to get your spending under control
MISUSING CREDIT CARDS
A credit card is an interest free shortterm loanWhen used as plannedthis can be a powerful financial toolThe problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to monthIf you make a 200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can’t afford to repay the full amountthis is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt youThat is no way of saving money
GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION
We all need to enjoy lifebut don’t waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren’t in your budgetWhen you know that you can’t afford an activitydon’t give inInsteadinvite your friends over for a home dinner partygame nightor some other activities where you can still enjoy time togetherbut without breaking your budget
SPENDING TO FEEL GOOD
Everyone enjoys getting something newbuying yourself something feels goodThere is absolutely nothing wrong with thisas long as you don’t go overboardYou＇ll feel good about your purchase whether you make it with cash or by credit cardbut you＇ll feel even better when you don＇t have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20 interest
[判断题]
◆Always pay attention to your budget while spending
[答案]T
◆For most people easy access to credit is the biggest reason for overspending
[答案]T
◆Using a credit card to pay is spending free money
[答案]F
◆Using credit card is an effective way to get your spending under control
[答案]F
◆You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month
[答案]T
To save moneyyou simply need to spend less than you earnIt is easy to saybut why is it so difficult to do To answer this questionyou need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time
EASY ACCESS TO CREDIT
For most peoplethis is the biggest reason for overspendingPeople can easily get a credit cardsimply by filling out a short form in a bank or jumping on their websiteThey can borrow money from banks to go shoppingeven buy cars or
housesWhen you aren’t physically handing someone money or a check for a purchaseyou will feel you are spending free money or you aren＇t spending money at allTry using cash to get your spending under control
MISUSING CREDIT CARDS
A credit card is an interest free shortterm loanWhen used as plannedthis can be a powerful financial toolThe problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to monthIf you make a 200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you can’t afford to repay the full amountthis is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt youThat is no way of saving money
GIVING IN TO TEMPTATION
We all need to enjoy lifebut don’t waste your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they aren’t in your budgetWhen you know that you can’t afford an activitydon’t give inInsteadinvite your friends over for a home dinner partygame nightor some other activities where you can still enjoy time togetherbut without breaking your budget
SPENDING TO FEEL GOOD
Everyone enjoys getting something newbuying yourself something feels goodThere is absolutely nothing wrong with thisas long as you don’t go overboardYou＇ll feel good about your purchase whether you make it with cash or by credit cardbut you＇ll feel even better when you don＇t have to spend the next two years trying to pay it off with 20 interest
◆You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month[答案]T
◆Using a credit card to pay is spending free money[答案]F
◆It＇s easy to get a credit card but hard to make ends meet[答案]T
◆If you suffer from a deficit this monthyou simply have to pay it off by the original amount in the future[答案]F
◆Spending to feel good means keeping your spending within the budget[答案]T
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITIES NETWORK (INFOSAN)
With the rapid globalization of food production and tradeinternational issues related to food safety are likely to increaseFood safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levelsThere is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issuesand sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place
INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)This global network includes 181 Member StatesEach has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities
The network aims to
Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events
Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest
Promote partnership and cooperation between countries
Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks
As part of its routine activitiesthe INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues
INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its membersIt is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared
INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations programINFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern
1It is probable that there will be more and more safety related issues worldwide[答案]T
2Food safety authorities in each country believe that food safety problems should be solved within their country[答案]F
3The major duty of the INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point in each FAO member state is to manage communication between national food safety authorities[答案]T
4Public health organizations can get findings of investigations and strategies for food safety improvement from INFOSAN[答案]T
5INFOSAN monitors possible international events concerning food safety independently[答案]F
The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD)is being redesigned to make public transportation easy and improve efficiency
Plans for 45 roads within the CBD have been approvedmeasuring 415 kilometers in totalIn addition to public busesfree or low price shuttle buses from residence areas to subway stations will also be provided for commuters
This is just over four times the number of roads opened in 2007and will add another
155km to the existing road network
Besides roadsan underground traffic system has also been operatingwhich includes four new subway lines beneath the CBD
The underground connection system is made up of two levelsThe first underground floor is set aside mainly for pedestrians and commercial facilitieswhile the second underground floor is planned for parking
The city has also invested 140 million yuan to setup a traffic inquiry systemthrough which the public can check traffic conditions online and see the most convenient routes on their GPS systemIn the futurethe CBD will be fully e over ed by an intelligent traffic control system
26The road system in Beijing’s central business district(CBD) is being designed again[答案]T
27Commuters can only take public buses from residence areas to subway stations[答案]F
28Theredesigned road will be 155 kilometers long[答案]F
29The underground traffic system has four new subway lines beneath the CBD[答案]T
30Both levels of the underground connection system are planned for parking[答案]F
The war for talent reads like headlines from many years agobut it has never gone awaysays Eleanor Nicker sondirector of UK operations for Top EmployersMany companies they have researched are short of talentsThough the companies may receive many applicationsthey cannot find the people they want
Top Employers’ research shows that offering good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talentSmart employees know their own value and will want to know what their employers can offer them after 5 or 10 years’ career developmentSokeeping staff is the biggest challenge employers face in the long run
Yet not every employee feels that they can better their career chancesSome are still nervous about losing their jobsdespite a recent fall in unemploymentsays the Trades Union Congress (TUC)TUC points out that some fourfifths of new jobs created have been in part of the economy where average pay rates are less than an hour since the recession beganMany of these jobs are on temporary or zero hours contracts
A report from the Office for National Statistics published in February showed that real wages have been falling consistently since 2010It’s the longest period since at least 1964We’re still in the hardest living standards squeeze for over a century and those who are already working have had years of realterms pay cuts says TUC spokesperson Liz ChinchenUnderstanding the pressures that staff face is a good starting point for any employerIf employers want to show concern for their staffthey should be paying them well and understand that zero hours contracts bring insecurity and extreme money worries
26Many companies are not short of talents any more[答案]F
27Providing employees with good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talent[答案]T
28Smart employees don’t care about what companies can offer them after 5 or 10 years’ career development[答案]F
29Most of the new jobs are paid more than an hour[答案]F
30Payments have been decreasing consistently since 2010[答案]T
The war for talent reads like headlines from many years agobut it has never gone awaysays Eleanor Nickersondirector of UK operations for Top EmployersMany companies they have researched are short of talentsThough the companies may receive many applicationsthey cannot find the people they want
Top Employers’ research shows that offering good career chances is the key to attracting and keeping the talentSmart employees know their own value and will want to know what their employers can offer them after 5 or 10 years’ career developmentSokeeping staff is the biggest challenge employers face in the long run
Yet not every employee feels that they can better their career chancesSome are still nervous about losing their jobsdespite a recent fall in unemploymentsays the Trades Union Congress (TUC)TUC points out that some fourfifths of new jobs created have been in part of the economy where average pay rates are less than an hour since the recession beganMany of these jobs are on temporary or zero hours contracts
A report from the Office for National Statistics published in February showed that real wages have been falling consistently since 2010It’s the longest period since at least 1964We’re still in the hardest living standards squeeze for over a century and those who are already working have had years of realterms pay cuts says TUC spokesperson Liz ChinchenUnderstanding the pressures that staff face is a good starting point for any employerIf employers want to show concern for their staffthey should be paying them well and understand that zero hours contracts bring insecurity and extreme money worries
1According to research by Top Employersmany corporations have enough talents for their development[答案]F
2The data shows the key to attracting talents is to offer high salary[答案]F
3The biggest challenge for employers to is keeping staff in the long run[答案]T
4Not all employees believe that they can get a better offer[答案]T
5The wages have been rising consistently since 2010[答案]F
To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydneythe City’s highway department will not agree to road closures scheduled for weekdays or SaturdaysOn minor roads outside the city centerweekdays and Saturdays may be consideredYou must apply for approval to do roadwork and other
roadrelated activitiestree cutting and use of very large construction machineryladdersetcPlease note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath
Applications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date
Roads can be closed partially or fullydepending on your requirementsPartial road closures are only allowed in light traffic areas where there will be at least 1 lane for traffic with extra traffic control measures to make sure 2way traffic can continue to run for the duration of the workAny change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closureFor further information about a partial road closureplease refer to Contacts
If you are organizing a parademarch or other type of streetbased eventapproval is also required and we recommend you choose one of our 4 preferred routesChoosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do
1Closures scheduled for Sundays on minor roads outside the city center may be considered[答案]F
2You need to get approval if you plan to block the road or footpath[答案]T
3Roads can only be closed partially[答案]F
4If you choose an existing route for a paradethe amount of planning will be reduced[答案]T
5Road closure applications can be sent to the Department’s Traffic Calming Committee one week before the scheduled date[答案]F
W
We live in an age full of opportunitiesIf you are smart enoughand have got ambition and keep pushing forwardyou can rise to the top of your chosen professionno matter where you started out
But with opportunity comes responsibilityCompanies today aren’t managing their employees’ careersProfessional workers must be their own chief executive officers (CEO)It’s up to you to strive for your placeto keep yourself engaged and productive during a working life that may last around 50 yearsTo do those things wellyou’ll need to have a deep understanding of yourselfnot only what your strengths and weaknesses arebut also how you learnhow you work with otherswhat your values areand where you can make the greatest contributionBecause only when you operate from strength can you achieve true excellence
History’s great achieversNapoléonda Vinciand Mozarthave always managed themselvesBut they are so unusual both in their talents and their accomplishments as to be considered rare exceptionsNowmost of useven those of us with modest talentswill have to learn to manage ourselvesWe will have to learn to develop
ourselvesWe will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contributionAnd we will have to stay mentally alert and engaged during a 50year working lifewhich means knowing how and when to change the work we do
26Companies today are responsible for employee’s career[答案]F
27It is the CEO who decides your place[答案]F
28You need to understand your company well so that you can do things well[答案]F
29Understanding yourself means knowing well about your strengthsweaknessesyour valueshow you learnhow you do with others and so on[答案]T
30Ordinary people cannot manage themselves well[答案]F
THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITIES NETWORK (INFOSAN)
With the rapid globalization of food production and tradeinternational issues related to food safety are likely to increaseFood safety authorities all over the world have realized that food safety problems should be carried out at both national and international levelsThere is a pressing need for exchanging routine information on food safety issuesand sharing experiences and information quickly when a food safety related event takes place
INFOSAN is a joint program between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)This global network includes 181 Member StatesEach has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point which manages communication between national food safety authorities
The network aims to
Promote the rapid exchange of information during food safety related events
Share information on important food safety related issues of global interest
Promote partnership and cooperation between countries
Help countries strengthen their capacity to manage food safety risks
As part of its routine activitiesthe INFOSAN Secretariat publishes reports in six languages and provides members with summaries and guidance on relevant food safety issues
INFOSAN helps exchange food safety information and experience among its membersIt is also a useful resource for other public health organizations which recognize INFOSAN as an organization through which findings of investigations and strategies for improving food safety may be shared
INFOSAN monitors possible international food safety related events in close cooperation with the WHO Alert and Response Operations programINFOSAN can work with other international organizations to provide assistance to the countries or regions with emerging food safety events of possible international concern
1It is probable that there will be more and more safety related issues worldwide[答案]T
2Food safety authorities in each country believe that food safety problems should be solved within their country[答案]F
3The major duty of the INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point in each FAO member state is to manage communication between national food safety authorities[答案]T
4Public health organizations can get findings of investigations and strategies for food safety improvement from INFOSAN[答案]T
5INFOSAN monitors possible international events concerning food safety independently[答案]F
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