The line graph compares average yearly spending by Americans on mobile and
landline phone services from 2001 to 2010
It is clear that spending on landline phones fell steadily over the 10year period
while mobile phone expenditure rose quickly The year 2006 marks the point at
which expenditure on mobile services overtook that for residential phone services
In 2001 US consumers spent an average of nearly 700 on residential phone services
compared to only around 200 on cell phone services Over the following five years
average yearly spending on landlines dropped by nearly 200 By contrast
expenditure on mobiles rose by approximately 300
In the year 2006 the average American paid out the same amount of money on both
types of phone service spending just over 500 on each By 2010 expenditure on
mobile phones had reached around 750 while the figure for spending on residential
services had fallen to just over half this amount
The diagram illustrates the various stages in the life of a honey bee We can see that
the complete life cycle lasts between 34 and 36 days It is also noticeable that there
are five main stages in the development of the honey bee from egg to mature adult
insect
The life cycle of the honey bee begins when the female adult lays an egg the female
typically lays one or two eggs every 3 days Between 9 and 10 days later each egg
hatches and the immature insect or nymph appears
During the third stage of the life cycle the nymph grows in size and sheds its skin
three times This moulting first takes place 5 days after the egg hatches then 7 days
later and again another 9 days later After a total of 30 to 31 days from the start of
the cycle the young adult honey bee emerges from its final moulting stage and in
the space of only 4 days it reaches full maturity
(169 words band 9)
The chart compares average figures for temperature and precipitation over the
course of a calendar year in Kolkata
It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary considerably
whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively stable Rainfall is highest from July
to August while temperatures are highest in April and May
Between the months of January and May average temperatures in Kolkata rise from
their lowest point at around 20°C to a peak of just over 30°C Average rainfall in the
city also rises over the same period from approximately 20mm of rain in January to
100mm in May
While temperatures stay roughly the same for the next four months the amount of
rainfall more than doubles between May and June Figures for precipitation remain
above 250mm from June to September peaking at around 330mm in July The final
three months of the year see a dramatic fall in precipitation to a low of about 10mm
in December and a steady drop in temperatures back to the January average
(173 words band 9)
The bar charts compare students of different ages in terms of why they are studying
and whether they are supported by an employer
It is clear that the proportion of students who study for career purposes is far higher
among the younger age groups while the oldest students are more likely to study for
interest Employer support is more commonly given to younger students
Around 80 of students aged under 26 study to further their careers whereas only
10 study purely out of interest The gap between these two proportions narrows as
students get older and the figures for those in their forties are the same at about
40 Students aged over 49 overwhelmingly study for interest (70) rather than for
professional reasons (less than 20)
Just over 60 of students aged under 26 are supported by their employers By
contrast the 3039 age group is the most selfsufficient with only 30 being given
time off and help with fees The figures rise slightly for students in their forties and
for those aged 50 or more
(178 words band 9)
The bar chart compares the number of incidents and injuries for every 100 million
passenger miles travelled on five different types of public transport in 2002
It is clear that the most incidents and injuries took place on demandresponse
vehicles By contrast commuter rail services recorded by far the lowest figures
A total of 225 incidents and 173 injuries per 100 million passenger miles travelled
took place on demandresponse transport services These figures were nearly three
times as high as those for the second highest category bus services There were 76
incidents and 66 people were injured on buses
Rail services experienced fewer problems The number of incidents on light rail trains
equalled the figure recorded for buses but there were significantly fewer injuries at
only 39 Heavy rail services saw lower numbers of such events than light rail services
but commuter rail passengers were even less likely to experience problems In fact
only 20 incidents and 17 injuries occurred on commuter trains
(165 words band 9)
The line graph compares the percentage of people aged 65 or more in three
countries over a period of 100 years
It is clear that the proportion of elderly people increases in each country between
1940 and 2040 Japan is expected to see the most dramatic changes in its elderly
population
In 1940 around 9 of Americans were aged 65 or over compared to about 7 of
Swedish people and 5 of Japanese people The proportions of elderly people in the
USA and Sweden rose gradually over the next 50 years reaching just under 15 in
1990 By contrast the figures for Japan remained below 5 until the early 2000s
Looking into the future a sudden increase in the percentage of elderly people is
predicted for Japan with a jump of over 15 in just 10 years from 2030 to 2040 By
2040 it is thought that around 27 of the Japanese population will be 65 years old
or more while the figures for Sweden and the USA will be slightly lower at about 25
and 23 respectively
(178 words band 9)
The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of
products and services in five countries in 2002
It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on
food drinks and tobacco On the other hand the leisureeducation category has the
lowest percentages in the table
Out of the five countries consumer spending on food drinks and tobacco was
noticeably higher in Turkey at 3214 and Ireland at nearly 29 The proportion of
spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey at 435 while
expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in Italy at 9 than in
any of the other countries
It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer
expenditure for fooddrinkstobacco and for clothingfootwear at nearly 16 and
just over 5 respectively Spain had slightly higher figures for these categories but
the lowest figure for leisureeducation at only 198
The charts compare the amount of water used for agriculture industry and homes
around the world and water use in Brazil and the Democratic Republic of Congo
It is clear that global water needs rose significantly between 1900 and 2000 and that
agriculture accounted for the largest proportion of water used We can also see that
water consumption was considerably higher in Brazil than in the Congo
In 1900 around 500km³ of water was used by the agriculture sector worldwide The
figures for industrial and domestic water consumption stood at around one fifth of
that amount By 2000 global water use for agriculture had increased to around
3000km³ industrial water use had risen to just under half that amount and
domestic consumption had reached approximately 500km³
In the year 2000 the populations of Brazil and the Congo were 176 million and 52
million respectively Water consumption per person in Brazil at 359m³ was much
higher than that in the Congo at only 8m³ and this could be explained by the fact
that Brazil had 265 times more irrigated land
(184 words band 9)
The bar chart compares the cost of an average house in five major cities over a
period of 13 years from 1989
We can see that house prices fell overall between 1990 and 1995 but most of the
cities saw rising prices between 1996 and 2002 London experienced by far the
greatest changes in house prices over the 13year period
Over the 5 years after 1989 the cost of average homes in Tokyo and London
dropped by around 7 while New York house prices went down by 5 By contrast
prices rose by approximately 2 in both Madrid and Frankfurt
Between 1996 and 2002 London house prices jumped to around 12 above the
1989 average Homebuyers in New York also had to pay significantly more with
prices rising to 5 above the 1989 average but homes in Tokyo remained cheaper
than they were in 1989 The cost of an average home in Madrid rose by a further 2
while prices in Frankfurt remained stable
(165 words)
The table gives information about poverty rates among six types of household in
Australia in the year 1999
It is noticeable that levels of poverty were higher for single people than for couples
and people with children were more likely to be poor than those without Poverty
rates were considerably lower among elderly people
Overall 11 of Australians or 1837000 people were living in poverty in 1999 Aged
people were the least likely to be poor with poverty levels of 6 and 4 for single
aged people and aged couples respectively
Just over one fifth of single parents were living in poverty whereas only 12 of
parents living with a partner were classed as poor The same pattern can be seen for
people with no children while 19 of single people in this group were living below
the poverty line the figure for couples was much lower at only 7
(150 words band 9)
The map shows two potential locations (S1 and S2) for a new supermarket in a town
called Garlsdon
The main difference between the two sites is that S1 is outside the town whereas S2
is in the town centre The sites can also be compared in terms of access by road or
rail and their positions relative to three smaller towns
Looking at the information in more detail S1 is in the countryside to the northwest
of Garlsdon but it is close to the residential area of the town S2 is also close to the
housing area which surrounds the town centre
There are main roads from Hindon Bransdon and Cransdon to Garlsdon town centre
but this is a no traffic zone so there would be no access to S2 by car By contrast S1
lies on the main road to Hindon but it would be more difficult to reach from
Bransdon and Cransdon Both supermarket sites are close to the railway that runs
through Garlsdon from Hindon to Cransdon
The bar chart compares consumer spending on six different items in Germany Italy
France and Britain
It is clear that British people spent significantly more money than people in the other
three countries on all six goods Of the six items consumers spent the most money
on photographic film
People in Britain spent just over £170000 on photographic film which is the highest
figure shown on the chart By contrast Germans were the lowest overall spenders
with roughly the same figures (just under £150000) for each of the six products
The figures for spending on toys were the same in both France and Italy at nearly
£160000 However while French people spent more than Italians on photographic
film and CDs Italians paid out more for personal stereos tennis racquets and perfumes The amount spent by French people on tennis racquets around £145000
is the lowest figure shown on the chart
The diagrams show how house designs differ according to climate
The most noticeable difference between houses designed for cool and warm
climates is in the shape of the roof The designs also differ with regard to the
windows and the use of insulation
We can see that the cool climate house has a highangled roof which allows sunlight
to enter through the window By contrast the roof of the warm climate house has a
peak in the middle and roof overhangs to shade the windows Insulation and thermal
building materials are used in cool climates to reduce heat loss whereas insulation
and reflective materials are used to keep the heat out in warm climates
Finally the cool climate house has one window which faces the direction of the sun
while the warm climate house has windows on two sides which are shaded from the
sun By opening the two windows at night the house designed for warm climates
can be ventilated
(162 words band 9)
The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during
the natural process known as the water cycle
Three main stages are shown on the diagram Ocean water evaporates falls as rain
and eventually runs back into the oceans again
Beginning at the evaporation stage we can see that 80 of water vapour in the air
comes from the oceans Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate and water
vapour condenses to form clouds At the second stage labelled precipitation’ on the
diagram water falls as rain or snow
At the third stage in the cycle rainwater may take various paths Some of it may fall
into lakes or return to the oceans via surface runoff’ Otherwise rainwater may
filter through the ground reaching the impervious layer of the earth Salt water
intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to
complete the cycle
(156 words band 9)
The first picture shows the layout of an art gallery and the second shows some
proposed changes to the gallery space
It is clear that significant changes will be made in terms of the use of floor space in
the gallery There will be a completely new entrance and more space for exhibitions
At present visitors enter the gallery through doors which lead into a lobby However
the plan is to move the entrance to the Parkinson Court side of the building and
visitors will walk straight into the exhibition area In place of the lobby and office
areas which are shown on the existing plan the new gallery plan shows an
education area and a small storage area
The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped gallery will be about twice as
large as it is now because it will occupy the area that is now used for temporary
exhibitions There will also be a new room for special exhibitions This room is shown
in red on the existing plan and is not currently part of the gallery
(178 words band 9)
The table shows data about the underground rail networks in six major cities
The table compares the six networks in terms of their age size and the number of
people who use them each year It is clear that the three oldest underground
systems are larger and serve significantly more passengers than the newer systems
The London underground is the oldest system having opened in 1863 It is also the
largest system with 394 kilometres of route The second largest system in Paris is
only about half the size of the London underground with 199 kilometres of route
However it serves more people per year While only third in terms of size the Tokyo
system is easily the most used with 1927 million passengers per year
Of the three newer networks the Washington DC underground is the most extensive
with 126 kilometres of route compared to only 11 kilometres and 28 kilometres for
the Kyoto and Los Angeles systems The Los Angeles network is the newest having
opened in 2001 while the Kyoto network is the smallest and serves only 45 million
passengers per year
(185 words)
Cambridge IELTS book 7 page 101
The pie charts compare the amount of electricity produced using five different
sources of fuel in two countries over two separate years
Total electricity production increased dramatically from 1980 to 2000 in both
Australia and France While the totals for both countries were similar there were big
differences in the fuel sources used
Coal was used to produce 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in Australia in 1980
rising to 130 out of 170 units in 2000 By contrast nuclear power became the most
important fuel source in France in 2000 producing almost 75 of the country’s
electricity
Australia depended on hydro power for just under 25 of its electricity in both years
but the amount of electricity produced using this type of power fell from 5 to only 2
units in France Oil on the other hand remained a relatively important fuel source in
France but its use declined in Australia Both countries relied on natural gas for
electricity production significantly more in 1980 than in 2000
(170 words)
The chart gives information about UK immigration emigration and net migration
between 1999 and 2008
Both immigration and emigration rates rose over the period shown but the figures for
immigration were significantly higher Net migration peaked in 2004 and 2007
In 1999 over 450000 people came to live in the UK while the number of people who
emigrated stood at just under 300000 The figure for net migration was around 160000
and it remained at a similar level until 2003 From 1999 to 2004 the immigration rate
rose by nearly 150000 people but there was a much smaller rise in emigration Net
migration peaked at almost 250000 people in 2004
After 2004 the rate of immigration remained high but the number of people emigrating
fluctuated Emigration fell suddenly in 2007 before peaking at about 420000 people in
2008 As a result the net migration figure rose to around 240000 in 2007 but fell back
to around 160000 in 2008
It is clear from the charts that the figures for developed countries are much higher than
those for developing nations Also the charts show an overall increase in participation in
education and science from 1980 to 1990
People in developing nations attended school for an average of around 3 years with
only a slight increase in years of schooling from 1980 to 1990 On the other hand the
figure for industrialised countries rose from nearly 9 years of schooling in 1980 to nearly
11 years in 1990
From 1980 to 1990 the number of scientists and technicians in industrialised countries
almost doubled to about 70 per 1000 people Spending on research and development
also saw rapid growth in these countries reaching 350 billion in 1990 By contrast the
number of science workers in developing countries remained below 20 per 1000 people
and research spending fell from about 50 billion to only 25 billion
(187 words)
The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collects
uptotheminute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts
The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to
forecast the weather
There are four stages in the process beginning with the collection of information about
the weather This information is then analysed prepared for presentation and finally
broadcast to the public
Looking at the first and second stages of the process there are three ways of collecting
weather data and three ways of analysing it Firstly incoming information can be
received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite photo The same data can
also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar screen or synoptic chart
Secondly incoming information may be collected directly by radar and analysed on a
radar screen or synoptic chart Finally drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart
At the third stage of the process the weather broadcast is prepared on computers
Finally it is delivered to the public on television on the radio or as a recorded telephone
announcement
The line graph compares the percentage of people in three countries who used the
Internet between 1999 and 2009
It is clear that the proportion of the population who used the Internet increased in each
country over the period shown Overall a much larger percentage of Canadians and
Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans and Canada
experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage
In 1999 the proportion of people using the Internet in the USA was about 20 The
figures for Canada and Mexico were lower at about 10 and 5 respectively In 2005
Internet usage in both the USA and Canada rose to around 70 of the population while
the figure for Mexico reached just over 25
By 2009 the percentage of Internet users was highest in Canada Almost 100 of
Canadians used the Internet compared to about 80 of Americans and only 40 of
Mexicans
The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994
It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved Four
periods of development are shown on the map and each of the populated areas is near
to the main roads the railway or the motorway
From 1868 to 1883 Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads
Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this original village area The
village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922 and in 1909 a
railway line was built crossing this area from west to east Chorleywood station is in this
part of the village
The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line
until 1970 At that time a motorway was built to the east of the village and from 1970
to 1994 further development of the village took place around motorway intersections
with the railway and one of the main roads
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