1990年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
EXAMPLE
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER [A]
l Those two families have been quarrelling ________ each other for many years
[A] to
[B] between
[C] against
[D] with
2 There are many things whose misuse is dangerous bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared ________ tobacco products
[A] in
[B] with
[C] among
[D] by
3 How often have you seen cases like this one surgeon asked another Oh ________ times I guess was the reply
[A] hundred of
[B] hundreds
[C] hundreds of
[D] hundred
4 Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help
[A] whether
[B] unless
[C] so that
[D] in case
5 You sang well last night We hope you’ll sing ________
[A] more better
[B] still better
[C] nicely
[D] best
6 Those people ________ a general understanding of the present situation
[A] lack of
[B] are lacking of
[C] lack
[D] are in lack
7 Alone in a desert house he was so busy with his research work that he felt ________ lonely
[A] nothing but
[B] anything but
[C] all but
[D] everything but
8 Grace ________ tears when she heard the sad news
[A] broke in
[B] broke into
[C] broke off
[D] broke through
9 She refused to ________ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt
[A] hand in
[B] hand out
[C] hand down
[D] down
10 Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ________ to American audiences
[A] around
[B] over
[C] across
[D] down
11 The book contained a large ________ of information
[A] deal
[B] amount
[C] number
[D] sum
12 Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ________ to the total cost of the product
[A] proportion
[B] correlation
[C] connection
[D] correspondence
13 When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to ________ her umbrella
[A] carry
[B] fetch
[C] bring
[D] reach
14 We must ________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible
[A] assure
[B] secure
[C] ensure
[D] issue
15 He was knocked down by a car and badly ________
[A] injured
[B] damaged
[C] harmed
[D] ruined
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
Text 1
In May l989 space shuttle Atlantis released in outer space the space probe Megallan which is now on her 15month and onebillionkilometer flight to Venus A new phase in space exploration has begun
The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth it is the only other object in the solar system in fact that even comes close to earth’s size Venus has a similar density so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff and it has an atmosphere complete with clouds It is also the closest planet to earth and thus the most similar in distance from the sun In short Venus seems to justify its longheld nickname of earth’s twin
The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Water is all but nonexistent
Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth how did Venus get to be so radically different It is not just an academic matter For all its extremes Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth It has no earth’s oceans so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified In addition the planet Venus takes 243 earthdays to turn once on its axis so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely observable pace
16 Venus is similar to Earth in ________
[A] size and density
[B] distance from the sun
[C] having atmosphere
[D] all of the above
17 The greatest value in studying Venus should be to ________
[A] allow us to visit there
[B] understand Earth better
[C] find a new source of energy
[D] promote a new space program
18 The main idea of this passage is about ________
[A] problems of space travel
[B] scientific methods in space exploration
[C] the importance of Venus to Earth
[D] conditions on Venus
Text 2
Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome
Shouting slogans waving flags and dancing to drumbeats the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for a job for each of us a different type of job and a society without violence So far action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough says a researcher on female labor at the governmentfunded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers
Women who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs However their presence in the workplace is growing The employment of women is expanding considerably in services next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in selfemployment More and more women are going into business for themselves Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman
Such changes are occurring in the professions too The number of women doctors dentists lawyers engineers and university professors increased two to three fold Some of the changes are immediately visible For example women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police railway workers and street cleaner
However the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded
19 The expression snake through central Rome probably means to move ________
[A] quietly through central Rome
[B] violently through central Rome
[C] in a long winding line through central Rome
[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome
20 Which of the following statements is NOT true
[A] There are more women than men in Italy
[B] In Italy women are chiefly employed in services
[C] In Italy women are still at a disadvantage in employment
[D] In Italy about twothirds of the jobs are held by men
21 About 200000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________
[A] more job opportunities
[B] a greater variety of jobs
[C] equal job equal pay
[D] both A and B
22 The best title for this passage would be ________
[A] The Role of Women is Society
[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment
[C] Women as Selfemployed Professionals
[D] Women and the Jobs Market
Text 3
The old idea that talented children burn themselves out in the early years and therefore are subjected to failure and at worst mental illness is unfounded As a matter of fact the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults
To find this out l 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirtyfifth year with these results
On adult intelligence tests they scored as high as they had as children They were as a group in good health physically and mentally 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives
About 70 per cent had graduated from college though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors A few had even dropped out but nearly half of these had returned to graduate Of the men 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs The women who had remained single had office business or professional occupations
The group had published 90 books and 1500 articles in scientific scholarly and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents
In a material way they did not do badly either Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people especially the men than for the country as a whole despite their comparative youth
In fact far from being strange most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality
23 The old idea that talented children burn themselves out in the early years is ________
[A] true in all senses
[B] refuted by the author
[C] medically proven
[D] a belief of the author
24 The survey of bright children was made to ________
[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults
[B] prove that talented children burn themselves out in the early years
[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted
[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out
25 Intelligence tests showed that ________
[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy
[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence
[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults
[D] when talented children grew into adults they made low scores
Section III Close Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Read the whole passage before making your choice (10 points)
No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001 Many books have been written __26__ the future But the 19thcentury French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of the word In his fantastic novels A Trip to the Moon and 80 Days Around the World he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy
Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer
In 2001 in the home cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch
Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment Videophones will bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations
Machines will control temperature lighting entertainment security alarms laundry and gardening
Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper
At work robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week Holidays will get longer six weeks will be the normal annual holiday Men and women will retire at the same age
Our leisure will be different too The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today also they will have a much wider variety of food available There will be a change of taste towards a more savouryflavored menu New synthetic foods will form a __34__ part of people’s diets
Foreign travel will __35__ winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones
Also nonstop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper Education will become increasingly more important than ever before
26 [A] in
[B] of
[C] about
[D] for
27 [A] sense
[B] meaning
[C] detail
[D] implication
28 [A] for
[B] of
[C] on
[D] towards
29 [A] today
[B] nowadays
[C] presentday
[D] present
30 [A] near
[B] nearby
[C] nearly
[D] nearer
31 [A] noise
[B] sound
[C] tone
[D] tune
32 [A] to
[B] away
[C] off
[D] over
33 [A] than
[B] as
[C] when
[D] while
34 [A] usual
[B] popular
[C] daily
[D] regular
35 [A] add
[B] increase
[C] raise
[D] arise
Section IV Errordetection and Correction
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts These parts are labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Then without altering the meaning of the sentence write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left [D]
ANSWER [C] anything
36 Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them
37 We were very much surprised [A] that the [B] village was such [C] long way from [D] the road
38 John’s chance of being elected [A] chairman [B] of the committee is far [C] greater than Dick [D]
39 We have won [A] a [B] great victory on [C] our enemy [D] the captain said
40 There are many valuable services [A] which the public are willing to pay for [B] but which does not bring [C] a return in money [D] to the community
41 The law I am referring [A] require that everyone [B] who owns [C] a car have [D] accident insurance
42 I considered it [A] a honor [B] to be invited to address [C] the meeting of worldfamous [D] scientists said Professor Leacock
43 He was seeing [A] somebody creeping [B] into the house through [C] the open [D] window last night
44 The reason for [A] all the [B] changes being made [C] has not explained [D] to us yet
45 Even though [A] the children pretended asleep [B] the nurses were not deceived [C] when [D] they came into the room
Section V Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college
ANSWER (should) be appointed
46 Buying clothes ________ (be) very timeconsuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely
47 They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________ (send) to the conference on schedule
48 I must call your attention to the directions Read them carefully and act as ________ (instruct)
49 Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ (hear) from you soon
50 I ________ (call) to make an airline reservation but I didn’t
51 If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore we ________ (not have) to pick him up in the boat
52 After twenty years abroad William came back only ________ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake
53 The lecture ________ (begin) he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker
54 The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________ (close) their books unexpectedly
55 A new road will be built here and therefore a number of existing houses ________ (have to destroy)
Section VI ChineseEnglish Translation
Translate the following into English (15 points)
56 应该仔细核全部资料避免严重错误
57 实验复杂决心时完成
58 切迹象表明里发生情况毫知
59 怕困难工作中取卓越成果
60 篇作品说短篇说说更新闻报导
Section VII EnglishChinese Translation
Translate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese (20 points)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not or why one is cooperative and another is competitive
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions (61) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors There are no clear answers yet but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed As one might expect the two approaches are very different from each other The controversy is often conveniently referred to as nature vs nurture
(62) Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors (63) That our environment has little if anything to do with our abilities characteristics and behavior is central to this theory
Taken to an extreme this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts
Those who support the nurture theory that is they advocate education are often called behaviorists They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act A behaviorist B F Skinner sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings (64) The behaviorists maintain that like machines humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic intelligence offered by the two theories (65) Supporters of the nature theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined Needless to say They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic On the other hand behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound (67) In the United States blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests This leads some nature proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites (68) Behaviorists in contrast say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy
Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior
1990年标准答案
Section I Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)
1 [D] 2 [B] 3 [C] 4 [D] 5 [B]
6 [C] 7 [B] 8 [B] 9 [D] 10 [C]
11 [B] 12 [A] 13 [B] 14 [C] 15 [A]
Section II Reading Comprehension (20 points)
16 [D] 17 [B] 18 [C] 19 [C] 20 [B]
21 [D] 22 [B] 23 [B] 24 [A] 25 [C]
Section III Cloze Test (10 points)
26 [C] 27 [A] 28 [A] 29 [C] 30 [B]
31 [B] 32 [D] 33 [A] 34 [D] 35 [B]
Section IV Errordetection and Correction (10 points)
36 [B] controlling 37 [C] such a
38 [D] Dick’s 39 [C] over
40 [C] do not bring 41 [A] referring to
42 [B] an honor 43 [A] saw
44 [D] has not been explained 45 [B] to be asleep
Section V Verb Forms (10 points)
46 is 47 (should) be sent
48 instructed 49 hearing
50 should have called 51 would not have had
52 to find 53 having begun
54 close 55 will have to be destroyed
Section VI ChineseEnglish Translation (15 points)
56 You should check all data the carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes
57 Although the experiment is complicated they are determined to finish it on time
58 All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here
59 Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work
60 This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story
Section VII EnglishChinese Translation (20 points)
61 想说明什具某性格特征表现出某行
62 场争中赞成天性方认性格特征行模式生物素决定
63 种理核心环境性格特征行什关系话微足道
64 行义者坚信机器样环境刺激作出反应行基础
65 支持天性坚持说生具定学生物素决定
66 行义者法果童许刺激物环境里成长刺激物够发展作出适反应力童会更高智力发展
67 美国黑标准化智力测试中成绩常常低白
68 相反行义者认成绩差异黑剥夺白教育环境方面享许利条件
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1990年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语试题
Section I Structure and Vocabulary
In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (15 points)
EXAMPLE
I was caught ________ the rain yesterday
[A] in
[B] by
[C] with
[D] at
ANSWER [A]
l Those two families have been quarrelling ________ each other for many years
[A] to
[B] between
[C] against
[D] with
2 There are many things whose misuse is dangerous bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared ________ tobacco products
[A] in
[B] with
[C] among
[D] by
3 How often have you seen cases like this one surgeon asked another Oh ________ times I guess was the reply
[A] hundred of
[B] hundreds
[C] hundreds of
[D] hundred
4 Give me your telephone number ________ I need your help
[A] whether
[B] unless
[C] so that
[D] in case
5 You sang well last night We hope you’ll sing ________
[A] more better
[B] still better
[C] nicely
[D] best
6 Those people ________ a general understanding of the present situation
[A] lack of
[B] are lacking of
[C] lack
[D] are in lack
7 Alone in a desert house he was so busy with his research work that he felt ________ lonely
[A] nothing but
[B] anything but
[C] all but
[D] everything but
8 Grace ________ tears when she heard the sad news
[A] broke in
[B] broke into
[C] broke off
[D] broke through
9 She refused to ________ the car keys to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt
[A] hand in
[B] hand out
[C] hand down
[D] down
10 Michael found it difficult to get his British jokes ________ to American audiences
[A] around
[B] over
[C] across
[D] down
11 The book contained a large ________ of information
[A] deal
[B] amount
[C] number
[D] sum
12 Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ________ to the total cost of the product
[A] proportion
[B] correlation
[C] connection
[D] correspondence
13 When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to ________ her umbrella
[A] carry
[B] fetch
[C] bring
[D] reach
14 We must ________ that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible
[A] assure
[B] secure
[C] ensure
[D] issue
15 He was knocked down by a car and badly ________
[A] injured
[B] damaged
[C] harmed
[D] ruined
Section II Reading Comprehension
Each of the three passages below is followed by some questions For each question there are four answers Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET (20 points)
Text 1
In May l989 space shuttle Atlantis released in outer space the space probe Megallan which is now on her 15month and onebillionkilometer flight to Venus A new phase in space exploration has begun
The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth it is the only other object in the solar system in fact that even comes close to earth’s size Venus has a similar density so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff and it has an atmosphere complete with clouds It is also the closest planet to earth and thus the most similar in distance from the sun In short Venus seems to justify its longheld nickname of earth’s twin
The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earth’s High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) Water is all but nonexistent
Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth how did Venus get to be so radically different It is not just an academic matter For all its extremes Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth It has no earth’s oceans so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified In addition the planet Venus takes 243 earthdays to turn once on its axis so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely observable pace
16 Venus is similar to Earth in ________
[A] size and density
[B] distance from the sun
[C] having atmosphere
[D] all of the above
17 The greatest value in studying Venus should be to ________
[A] allow us to visit there
[B] understand Earth better
[C] find a new source of energy
[D] promote a new space program
18 The main idea of this passage is about ________
[A] problems of space travel
[B] scientific methods in space exploration
[C] the importance of Venus to Earth
[D] conditions on Venus
Text 2
Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s main avenues Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome
Shouting slogans waving flags and dancing to drumbeats the women had come to the capital from all over Italy to demonstrate for a job for each of us a different type of job and a society without violence So far action to improve women’s opportunities in employment has been the province of collective industrial bargaining But there is a growing awareness that this is not enough says a researcher on female labor at the governmentfunded Institute for the Development of Professional Training for Workers
Women who constitute 52 per cent of Italy’s population today represent only 35 per cent of Italy’s total workforce and 33 per cent of the total number of Italians with jobs However their presence in the workplace is growing The employment of women is expanding considerably in services next to the public administration and commerce as their principal workplace Official statistics also show that women have also made significant strides in selfemployment More and more women are going into business for themselves Many young women are turning to business because of the growing overall in employment It is also a fact that today many prejudices have disappeared so that banks and other financial institutes make judgments on purely business considerations without caring if it is a man or a woman
Such changes are occurring in the professions too The number of women doctors dentists lawyers engineers and university professors increased two to three fold Some of the changes are immediately visible For example women have appeared on the scene for the first time as state police railway workers and street cleaner
However the present situation is far from satisfactory though some progress has been made A breakthrough in equal opportunities for women is now demanded
19 The expression snake through central Rome probably means to move ________
[A] quietly through central Rome
[B] violently through central Rome
[C] in a long winding line through central Rome
[D] at a leisurely pace through central Rome
20 Which of the following statements is NOT true
[A] There are more women than men in Italy
[B] In Italy women are chiefly employed in services
[C] In Italy women are still at a disadvantage in employment
[D] In Italy about twothirds of the jobs are held by men
21 About 200000 women in Rome demonstrated for ________
[A] more job opportunities
[B] a greater variety of jobs
[C] equal job equal pay
[D] both A and B
22 The best title for this passage would be ________
[A] The Role of Women is Society
[B] Women Demonstrate for Equality in Employment
[C] Women as Selfemployed Professionals
[D] Women and the Jobs Market
Text 3
The old idea that talented children burn themselves out in the early years and therefore are subjected to failure and at worst mental illness is unfounded As a matter of fact the outstanding thing that happens to bright kids is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults
To find this out l 500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirtyfifth year with these results
On adult intelligence tests they scored as high as they had as children They were as a group in good health physically and mentally 84 per cent of their group were married and seemed content with their lives
About 70 per cent had graduated from college though only 30 per cent had graduated with honors A few had even dropped out but nearly half of these had returned to graduate Of the men 80 per cent were in one of the professions or in business management or semiprofessional jobs The women who had remained single had office business or professional occupations
The group had published 90 books and 1500 articles in scientific scholarly and literary magazines and had collected more than 100 patents
In a material way they did not do badly either Average income was considerably higher among the gifted people especially the men than for the country as a whole despite their comparative youth
In fact far from being strange most of the gifted were turning their early promise into practical reality
23 The old idea that talented children burn themselves out in the early years is ________
[A] true in all senses
[B] refuted by the author
[C] medically proven
[D] a belief of the author
24 The survey of bright children was made to ________
[A] find out what had happened to talented children when they became adults
[B] prove that talented children burn themselves out in the early years
[C] discover the percentage of those mentally ill among the gifted
[D] prove that talented children never burn themselves out
25 Intelligence tests showed that ________
[A] bright children were unlikely to be mentally healthy
[B] between childhood and adulthood there was a considerable loss of intelligence
[C] talented children were most likely to become gifted adults
[D] when talented children grew into adults they made low scores
Section III Close Test
For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Read the whole passage before making your choice (10 points)
No one knows for sure what the world would be like in the year 2001 Many books have been written __26__ the future But the 19thcentury French novelist Jules Verne may be called a futurologist in the fullest __27__ of the word In his fantastic novels A Trip to the Moon and 80 Days Around the World he described with detail the aeroplane and even the helicopter These novels still have a great attraction __28__ young readers of today because of their bold imagination and scientific accuracy
Below is a description of what our life will be in the year 2001 as predicted by a __29__ writer
In 2001 in the home cookers will be set so that you can cook a complete meal at the touch of a switch
Television will provide information on prices at the __30__ shops as well as news and entertainment Videophones will bring pictures as well as __31__ to telephone conversations
Machines will control temperature lighting entertainment security alarms laundry and gardening
Lighting will provide decoration as well as wallpaper
At work robots will take __32__ most jobs in the manufacturing industries Working hours will fall to under 30 hours a week Holidays will get longer six weeks will be the normal annual holiday Men and women will retire at the same age
Our leisure will be different too The home will become the center of entertainment through television and electronic games More people will eat out in restaurants __33__ they do today also they will have a much wider variety of food available There will be a change of taste towards a more savouryflavored menu New synthetic foods will form a __34__ part of people’s diets
Foreign travel will __35__ winter holidays will become more popular than summer ones
Also nonstop flights from Britain to Australia and New Zealand will be easily available and much cheaper Education will become increasingly more important than ever before
26 [A] in
[B] of
[C] about
[D] for
27 [A] sense
[B] meaning
[C] detail
[D] implication
28 [A] for
[B] of
[C] on
[D] towards
29 [A] today
[B] nowadays
[C] presentday
[D] present
30 [A] near
[B] nearby
[C] nearly
[D] nearer
31 [A] noise
[B] sound
[C] tone
[D] tune
32 [A] to
[B] away
[C] off
[D] over
33 [A] than
[B] as
[C] when
[D] while
34 [A] usual
[B] popular
[C] daily
[D] regular
35 [A] add
[B] increase
[C] raise
[D] arise
Section IV Errordetection and Correction
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts These parts are labeled [A] [B] [C] and [D] Identify the part of sentence that is incorrect and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET Then without altering the meaning of the sentence write down your correction on the line in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because [A] there’s [B] hardly something [C] left [D]
ANSWER [C] anything
36 Alice was having [A] trouble to control [B] the children because there were [C] so many [D] of them
37 We were very much surprised [A] that the [B] village was such [C] long way from [D] the road
38 John’s chance of being elected [A] chairman [B] of the committee is far [C] greater than Dick [D]
39 We have won [A] a [B] great victory on [C] our enemy [D] the captain said
40 There are many valuable services [A] which the public are willing to pay for [B] but which does not bring [C] a return in money [D] to the community
41 The law I am referring [A] require that everyone [B] who owns [C] a car have [D] accident insurance
42 I considered it [A] a honor [B] to be invited to address [C] the meeting of worldfamous [D] scientists said Professor Leacock
43 He was seeing [A] somebody creeping [B] into the house through [C] the open [D] window last night
44 The reason for [A] all the [B] changes being made [C] has not explained [D] to us yet
45 Even though [A] the children pretended asleep [B] the nurses were not deceived [C] when [D] they came into the room
Section V Verb Forms
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the brackets Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)
EXAMPLE
It is highly desirable that a new president ________ (appointed) for this college
ANSWER (should) be appointed
46 Buying clothes ________ (be) very timeconsuming as you rarely find things that fit you nicely
47 They keep telling us it is of utmost importance that our representative ________ (send) to the conference on schedule
48 I must call your attention to the directions Read them carefully and act as ________ (instruct)
49 Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ________ (hear) from you soon
50 I ________ (call) to make an airline reservation but I didn’t
51 If Greg had tried harder to reach the opposite shore we ________ (not have) to pick him up in the boat
52 After twenty years abroad William came back only ________ (find) his hometown severely damaged in an earthquake
53 The lecture ________ (begin) he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker
54 The children were surprised when the teacher had them ________ (close) their books unexpectedly
55 A new road will be built here and therefore a number of existing houses ________ (have to destroy)
Section VI ChineseEnglish Translation
Translate the following into English (15 points)
56 应该仔细核全部资料避免严重错误
57 实验复杂决心时完成
58 切迹象表明里发生情况毫知
59 怕困难工作中取卓越成果
60 篇作品说短篇说说更新闻报导
Section VII EnglishChinese Translation
Translate the following passage carefully and then translate the sentences underlined into Chinese (20 points)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not or why one is cooperative and another is competitive
Social scientists are of course extremely interested in these types of questions (61) They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors There are no clear answers yet but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed As one might expect the two approaches are very different from each other The controversy is often conveniently referred to as nature vs nurture
(62) Those who support the nature side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors (63) That our environment has little if anything to do with our abilities characteristics and behavior is central to this theory
Taken to an extreme this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts
Those who support the nurture theory that is they advocate education are often called behaviorists They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act A behaviorist B F Skinner sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings (64) The behaviorists maintain that like machines humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior
Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic intelligence offered by the two theories (65) Supporters of the nature theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined Needless to say They don’t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic On the other hand behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences (66) Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development
The social and political implications of these two theories are profound (67) In the United States blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests This leads some nature proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites (68) Behaviorists in contrast say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy
Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior
1990年标准答案
Section I Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)
1 [D] 2 [B] 3 [C] 4 [D] 5 [B]
6 [C] 7 [B] 8 [B] 9 [D] 10 [C]
11 [B] 12 [A] 13 [B] 14 [C] 15 [A]
Section II Reading Comprehension (20 points)
16 [D] 17 [B] 18 [C] 19 [C] 20 [B]
21 [D] 22 [B] 23 [B] 24 [A] 25 [C]
Section III Cloze Test (10 points)
26 [C] 27 [A] 28 [A] 29 [C] 30 [B]
31 [B] 32 [D] 33 [A] 34 [D] 35 [B]
Section IV Errordetection and Correction (10 points)
36 [B] controlling 37 [C] such a
38 [D] Dick’s 39 [C] over
40 [C] do not bring 41 [A] referring to
42 [B] an honor 43 [A] saw
44 [D] has not been explained 45 [B] to be asleep
Section V Verb Forms (10 points)
46 is 47 (should) be sent
48 instructed 49 hearing
50 should have called 51 would not have had
52 to find 53 having begun
54 close 55 will have to be destroyed
Section VI ChineseEnglish Translation (15 points)
56 You should check all data the carefully so as to avoid serious mistakes
57 Although the experiment is complicated they are determined to finish it on time
58 All signs showed that the man knew nothing of what had happened here
59 Only those who are not afraid of any difficulties have the chance of achieving outstanding results in their work
60 This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story
Section VII EnglishChinese Translation (20 points)
61 想说明什具某性格特征表现出某行
62 场争中赞成天性方认性格特征行模式生物素决定
63 种理核心环境性格特征行什关系话微足道
64 行义者坚信机器样环境刺激作出反应行基础
65 支持天性坚持说生具定学生物素决定
66 行义者法果童许刺激物环境里成长刺激物够发展作出适反应力童会更高智力发展
67 美国黑标准化智力测试中成绩常常低白
68 相反行义者认成绩差异黑剥夺白教育环境方面享许利条件
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