互动课堂
词汇梳理
1 discovery n 发现发觉
观察示例
The country became rich following the discovery of oil
发现石油国家变富
The researchers have made a number of important discoveries
研究员已许重发现
纳拓展
discovery作名词两重意思：发现发现物
特提示
作发现讲时数名词作发现物讲时数名词常动词make连make an important discovery意思重发现
动词discover
The drug is not a new discovery—it has been known about for years
种药什新发现——年前已解
2 abrupt adj 突然意外
观察示例
The road is full of abrupt turns
条路急转弯
The meeting came to an abrupt end
会议突然结束
A man with an abrupt manner is not welcome here
举止粗鲁里受欢迎
纳拓展
abrupt意思突然意外粗鲁副词abruptly名词abruptness数
3 convenient adj 便利方便
观察示例
They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall
突然消失附墙洞中
Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you
三点钟方便？
I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you
想时候见恐怕合适
Our house is very convenient for the shops
房子离商店
特提示
作便讲时常for
反义词inconvenient副词conveniently名词convenience
convenience作便利讲时数名词便利设施讲时数名词
4 expectation n 预料期期
观察示例
This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again
预料蛇会咬
He has little expectation of passing the exam
考试格抱希
I usually enjoy his films but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations
喜欢电影部期样
There was a general expectation that he would win
普遍认会获胜
纳拓展
expectation意思期期数名词动词expect
特提示
expectation意思期事物前景时常复数
beyond expectation出意料
in expectation of预料
against expectation(s)预期相反
in expectation 指中期着
5 passive adj 动消极动语态
观察示例
I collected the passive snakes and the next day we released them all back into the wild
法抵抗蛇收集起第二天放野外
They received the news of their defeat with passive resignation
奈消极心态接受失败消息
How can you be so passive Why don’t you do something about it
消极呢？什采取点措施呢？
纳拓展
passive 形容词意思消极动抵抗
特提示
反义词active
passiveactive voice动动语态
6 bear n 熊 v 忍受忍耐负担
观察示例
A brown bear was trapped in a cave
棕熊困山洞里
She bore the pain with great courage
非常勇敢忍受痛苦
I can’t bear being kept waiting
法忍受家长时间等候
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer so I left the room
实听便离开房间
纳拓展
can’t bear to do sth can’t bear doing sth 般情况定式表示某次动作can’t bear doing sth表示惯性动作
7 mess n 脏乱状态杂乱
观察示例
There’s a lot of mess to clear up
许脏东西清理
This room is in a mess
房间杂乱堪
This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans
场病假期计划乱
He spent all day just messing about
整天混日子
Stop messing about and tell me clearly what happened
闹告诉底发生什事
His late arrival messed up our plans
迟计划乱
纳拓展
mess作名词时义项：杂乱脏乱脏东西整洁乱七八糟事
mess作动词时义项：事事混日子胡闹
特提示
mess定冠词连复数make a mess of 扰乱弄乱mess up动词词组：搞乱搞糟mess aboutaround事事
8 current n （水气）流电流
adj 现前
观察示例
If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current they could be sent along a wire
果声波电流中复制电线传送
The current is the strongest in the middle of the river
河中央水流急
This button switches the current on
电钮接通电流
Most of the old are interested in current events
部分老年时事感兴趣
They are expecting profits of over 2 million in the current year
期年利润超200万美元
The word is no longer in current use
词现已
纳拓展
current作名词时意思气流水流洋流电流
current作形容词时意思时流行通modern latest意思相
9 importance n 重（性）
观察示例
Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention
贝尔发明重性着清醒认识
How much importance do you attach to the latest events
事件重性？
The real importance of this new law is the protection it gives to female workers
项新法令真正重意义女工提供保障
纳拓展
importance作名词义项：重重某事某重原
importance数名词形容词importantbe of importancebe important
10 practical adj 实际实践实
观察示例
Bell was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life
实际贝尔位孜孜倦探索者探究许提高生活质量实方法
She lacks practical experience
缺乏实际验
He is wearing a practical uniform which is comfortable and doesn’t show the dirt
穿着种舒服耐脏实制服
纳拓展
反义词impractical名词形式practice动词practisepractice动词－ing形式
11 call up……电话……回忆起
观察示例
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset
乡妈妈电话时正感心烦
I call you up this evening
晚电话
The music calls old times
音乐回想起旧日时光
This old photo calls up memories of my childhood
老片引起童年回忆
规提示
call up宾语果代词代词应放callup间果具体物放callup间up均
I called her up
I called the girl up
I called up the girl
call up作电话讲时ring up代
look back onto sth回忆记起讲语般call up意思……回忆起语物
拓展
call on sb拜访……
call at (a place) 参观……
call off 取消
call on sb to do sth号召某做某事
call in 电话召（服务）
call for 需接
12 in case防万假
观察示例
Take your coat in case it rains
着雨衣防雨
I’ll cook plenty of potatoes just in case(they decide to stay for dinner)
算煮马铃薯备万（决定留吃饭）
In case they are late they will have no food for lunch
假晚便没午饭吃
规提示
in case of加名词代词意思…………时候
：In case of fire ring the bell发生火灾请速接铃in case条件状语句应注意般时态代时
in this case果样话
in that case果样话
in any case
in no case决情况
13 dive into 跳水（头）手伸入……中（活动问题等）全心投入潜心研究
观察示例
Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods
偶尔离开路寻求困境
The boy dived into the river from the bridge
男孩桥跳入河中
He dived into his pocket and pulled out a quarter
手伸入口袋中取出枚25美分硬币
He dived intoin the history of China
潜心研究中国历史
规提示
dive into作潜心……讲时devote oneself to sth意思样devote oneself to sth投身……奉献……意思
14 set out to do sth某目标努力
观察示例
Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph
贝尔没算发明电话努力设计种复合电报
He set out to break the record for the channel swim
决心破游海峡记录
They set out to examine the ship
着手检查艘船
规提示
set out to do sthset about doing sth意思样
set out forset off forleave for意出发里
15 hang on挂断紧握住
观察示例
Hang on(to the trap) and the bus is about to start
抓紧（皮圈）公汽车开动
I’m afraid the line is busy would you like to hang on
电话恐怕占线等会？
I know you’re tired but try to hang on a bit longer
知道累坚持会吧
规提示
hang on作挂断坚持讲时hold on法样
Hold on a minuteI’ll just get a pen
请稍等枝笔
Try and hold on until help arrives
想办法坚持帮助
hang up意思挂断电话
I was so angry that I hang up on him
气挂断电话
16 get through设法联系（尤指电话）（设法）做完通（考试）完光（成功）
观察示例
I can’t get through
接通（电话）
We were all delighted when we heard you had got through(your exam)
听（考试）格时高兴
We got through a whole chicken at one sitting
次吃鸡
The government managed to get the new law through
政府想法新法案通
规提示
get sththrough……某讲清楚
Her father has been trying to get it through to her that she must work harder if she wants to pass the exam
父亲直试图明白果想通考试必须更加努力
go through指法律通指通考试常get through
17 ring back（……）电话回复电话
观察示例
I told him you weren’t in so he said he’d ring back later
说便说晚时候（）电话
I didn’t get through just now but soon he rang back
刚没接通（电话）快回
规提示
ring off挂断 ring up……电话
ring towith回响
The courtyard rang withto their shouts
呼喊院子里回荡
ring round许电话遍电话
She rang round to tell all her friend the news
18 get down to开始认真……开始认真干……
观察示例
This time when I got down to examine the snakes I found them very sleepy
次认真检查蛇时候发现昏昏欲睡
It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday
度愉快假日难子认真投入工作
I really must get down to filling in my tax form
真认真填写报税表
规提示
get down to 中to介词应名词代词动词－ing形式
set out to do中to定式符号意思……目标努力get down to意思着手认真干……
基础示例
1．1）义句转换
The scientist discovered a lot of new things about the matter of the universe
The scientist__________ a lot of __________about the matter of the universe
答案：made discoveries
2）完成句子
The__________（发现）of the new land made us surprised and excited
答案：discovery
3)单项填空
Gilbert __________electricity and Edison __________the electric light bulb
A invented discovered
B discovered invented
C invented invented
D discovered discovered
提示：invent意思发明创造出原存东西discover发现出显示原已存东西（尚未知）发现矿产事实等
答案：B
2．完成句子
(1）An__________（突然）change of policy made everything up
(2）Our communication was__________（突然）interrupted
(3）The__________（意外突然）of his appearance made a mess of our plan
(4）His__________（粗鲁）speech made all the audiences angry
答案：(1)abrupt
(2)abruptly
(3)abruptness
(4)abrupt
3．1）完成句子
We bought this house for its__________（方便）：it is very__________（方便）for the library and it has lots of __________（便利设施）
答案：convenience convenient conveniences
2)单项填空
Come and see me whenever__________
A you are convenient
B you will be convenient
C it is convenient to you
D it will be convenient to you
提示：判断whenever引导时间状语句根时间条件状语句中般时态代时态掉BD两项convenient语般物结构It is convenient to sbfor sbto do sth中
答案：C
4．单项填空
（1）We thought John would do well but he has succeeded__________
A in our expectation of
B beyond our expectation
C against expectation
D in our expectations of
提示：句意预料约翰会做错做更加超预料
答案：B
（2）He closed the windows__________rain
A in the expectation of
B in expectations of
C in the expectations of
D in expectation of
提示：句意预计会雨（）关窗户
答案：D
（3）I thought I could get the patent but__________expectations I didn’t
A in B against
C out D beyond
提示：句意预计会专利正相反没
答案：B
5．英译汉
（1）Although I tried my best to encourage the boy he remained passive
______________________________________________________________________
（2）Our army put the enemies in a passive position
______________________________________________________________________
（3）Can you change the passive voice sentence into an active voice one
______________________________________________________________________
（4）He played a passive role in the relationship
______________________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)力鼓励孩子然消极
(2)敌处动状态
(3)动语态句子变成动形式？
(4)关系中处动位
6．单项填空
（1）I can’t bear him__________her
A married to B to marry
C marrying D have married
提示：句意忍受娶marry次具体动作非常态动作
答案：B
（2）I can’t beara__________lone
A living
B live
C having been lived
D lived
提示：句意难忍受独住Live alone表示长期动作状态常态动词
答案：A
7．完成句子
（1）He is always （事事）doing nothing
提示：句意总事事doing nothing作伴状语
答案：messingaround about
（2）The workmen cleaned up （肮脏东西）before they left
答案：all the mess
（3）The unexpected stranger__________（弄成团糟）of the party
提示：句意速客聚会搞砸
答案：made a mess
（4）The unexpected stranger__________the party__________（弄糟）
答案：messed up
8．英译汉
(1）current coinmoney
(2）current opinionbeliefs
(3）the current year
(4）the current issue of magazine
(5）a cold current of air
(6）currents moving through a wire
(7）the current events
(8）the current fashion
(9）the current of a river
(10）the current of public opinion
答案：
(1)流通货币
(2)时观点
(3)年
(4)杂志期
(5)寒流
(6)电流
(7)时事
(8)时装
(9)河里水流
(10)前公众观点
9．1）完成句子
(1）The matter is of great__________（重）
(2）Education has lots of__________（重性）
答案：
(1)importance
(2)importance
2）单项填空
He made another important discovery of great importance to science__________
A which I guess is
B which I guess it is
C which I guess it
D I guess which is
提示：选项结构应which引导定语句引导词应前面掉D项I guess成插入语掉缺动词C项which句中作语B项中it余
答案：A
10．单项填空
(1)The machine is too complex to be__________
A impractical B practical
C practice D practise
提示：句意机器太复杂实
答案：B
（2)The musician has been used to__________
A practise playing piano every morning
B practise playing the piano every morning
C practicing playing the piano every morning
D practicing playing piano every morning
提示：be used to意思惯practise 练面接v－ing作宾语乐器前加定冠词
答案：C
11．单项填空
（1）When I __________Tom he was doing some shopping
A called on B called up
C called off D called over
提示：call on 接sb填入意思拜访句正买东西构成合理情景
答案：B
（2）The film__________scenes of childhood
A looked back on B looked back to
C called up D called out
提示：句意部电影（）想起少年时情景语物
答案：C
（3）The government__________the army to help put out the forest fire
A called on B called up
C called in D called out
提示：句意政府调集军队帮助扑灭森林火call on处含义贴切
答案：C
（4）—Hello this is Tom speaking
—Hi Tom please stay at home I’ll __________you at five o’clock and we’ll go shopping
A call at B call for
C call out D look for
提示：句中两处关键信息stay at homewe’ll go shopping中间缺乏相会环节选择call for sb接某look for寻找已知Tom家必寻找
答案：B
12．1）完成句子
（1）__________（样）I shall return in a day or two
（2）I’ve got the key__________（防）we want to go inside
（3）__________（）are you to leave your post
（4）__________（果样话）I have no more to say
答案：
(1)In any case
(2)in case
(3)In no case
(4)In that case
2）单项填空
I had to go to work in__________case my child would always live with his grandmother
A this B that
C which D
提示：which代表句引导定语句
答案：C
13．单项填空
（1）He__________the bag and brought out two red apples
A put into B dragged into
C dived into D caught into
提示：A项应put his hand into BD两项存
答案：C
（2）He__________his career and made a great contribution to our country
A dived himself into
B devoted himself to
C dived in
D devoted to
提示：dive物动词掉Adevote物动词
答案：B
14．单项填空
（1）At dawn they set__________to get ready for the work of the day
A off B about
C out D in
提示：set off接for状语set about接v－ing形式set out接定式意动身做……
答案：C
（2）They set__________at about 8 o’clock
A about to work
B about to working
C about working
D out work
答案：C
15．1）单项填空
（1）He hung__________until the rope broke
A down B to
C on D up
提示：句意抓住绳子直断裂
答案：C
（2）It’s hard work but if you__________on long enough you’ll succeed
A insist B hang
C stick D go
提示：句意份工作干坚持肯定会成功insist ongo on接v－ingstick连介词to
答案：B
2）义句转换
Please don’t ring off I still have something to tell you
Please don’t __________ __________ I still have something to tell you
答案：hang up
16．1）单项填空
(1）—It’s a good idea But who’s going to__________the plan
—I think Tom and Greg will
A get through B carry out
C go through D carry on
提示：句意计划错谁执行？carry out意执行实践go through意思穿carry on意思坚持干继续做
答案：B
(2）Tom failed but his sister__________in the exam
A went through
B pass through
C got through
D succeeded through
提示：D项应掉through pass through意思路
答案：C
17．完成句子
(1）I__________（电话）for several times but I couldn’t get through
(2）He （挂断电话）before I could say a word
(3）You should not （遍电话）to ask them such a silly question
答案：(1)rang her up
(2)hung up
(3)ring around
18．单项填空
(1）Jerry did research in that field for a long time He__________invent something useful
A got down to
B hoped himself to
C set out to
D devoted himself to
提示：AD两项中to介词接n pron v－ing宾语句B项存说hope to dowish sb to do
答案：C
(2）After a wonderful travel he got down to__________ a book about it
A write B to write
C have written D writing
答案：D
重难突破
1seem to doseem(to be)seem likeas ifIt seems that似……
观察示例
They seem to have made their home there
似安家
There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes
似设计杀死蛇药末
Things are not always what they seem(to be)
事物非总表象致
It would seem that there is no way out of our difficulty
似法摆脱困境
It seems like years since I last saw you
似年没见
It seems(as if)there will be an election soon
似久进行选举
规提示
seem to do sth似做……种时态：
seem to do sth
seem to be doing sth
seem to have done sth
seem like般名词seem as if句子时as if省略
seem句时语般it
seem to be + adj结构中to be省略
2It wasisthatwho强调句型
观察示例
It was this exploring around problems that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876
问题断探索1876年成著名发明——电话
It was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant Watson
（专利予）五天贝尔助手华生发出第电话信息
It is in the city that you are going to pay a visit to that this kind of beer is produced
种啤酒参观城市里生产出
It is the school and the teachers that they often talk about
常谈学校老师
规提示
强调句型中强调象名词代词介词短语
It iswasthatwho果掉句子然成立文第二例句中掉It wasthat句需倒装
特注意含定语句强调句型文第三例句中前面that引导句子作city定语句换成which省略面that强调句型中that省略
3 倒装句
观察示例
Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor
已获种认证说真正发明者
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s
直调查表明产品确实专利
Only the students in Class 3 can do the exercises
三班学做练
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study
果全心全意学通考试
Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing
回机会表现发明某种东西
Here comes the bus
汽车
规提示
only开头句子果only修饰句子状语句子句部分倒装only修饰句子语时倒装
否定词no not never hardly seldom等开头句子句子句部分倒装
here there away out等副词开头句子常完全倒装语代词时部分倒装Here you are（）Here are you
活学巧
1．1)义句转换
（1）He seems to know everything
_________ _________ _________ he knows everything
（2）What he had done sounded reasonable
What he had done_________ _________ _________ reasonable
（3）It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime
He seems_________ _________ _________ at the scene of the crime
答案：(1)It seems that
(2)seemed to be
(3)to have been
2)单项填空
You’d better tell Mum the truth—she seems_________ told everything
A to be B to have been
C to have D that has been
提示：seem作语时加句掉D项情景母亲已告知定式动作应该动完成
答案：B
21）汉译英
（1）公园里遇
______________________________________________________
（2）公园里遇
______________________________________________________
答案：
(1）It was me who you met in the park
(2）It was in the park that you met me
2）填空题
（1）It was at 3 o’clock _________ I arrived
（2）It was 3 o’clock _________ I arrived
（3）It was in the room _________ you were born _________ we had a talk
答案：（1）that
（2）when(引导定语句)
（3）wherewhen
3)义句转换
Not until I had finished my homework did I go to bed
It was_________ _________ I had finished my homework_________ I went to bed
I_________ go to bed _________ I had finished my homework
答案：not until that didn’t until
3单项填空
（1）Only when your identity has been checked_________
A you are allowed in
B you will be allowed in
C will you allow in
D will you be allowed in
提示：only+状语放句首时部分倒装状语包括副词状语句等
答案：D
（2）Not a single song_________ at yesterday’s party
A she sang B sang she
C did she sing D she did sing
提示：否定副词（含半否定副词）放句首时部分倒装
答案：C
（3）Little_________ about his own safety though he was in great danger himself
A does he care B did he care
C he cares D he cared
提示：little处副词少意思形容词
答案：B
语法精讲
分词作定语状语
观察示例
Prepared with these findings I decided on three possible approaches
带着发现作充分准备决定三种方法
Pressed by my friends and relations I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea
朋友亲戚力劝决定发明送专利办公室便成功想法获认
One day as he was experimenting with a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear the straw drew sound waves on a piece of smoked glass
天根连聋耳朵子做实验时贝尔注意着（聋）耳朵说话时子声波聚集块熏黑玻璃片
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired
坏门窗修
Shown the lab we were taken to see the library
带参观实验室带参观图书馆
规提示
分词作定语时修饰词间逻辑动关系修饰词动词表动作承受者果动词物动词分词表示动作完成例：
a fallen leaf落树叶（表完成）
a broken cup碎杯子（表动完成）
分词修饰句子作状语时修饰句子语逻辑动关系
单分词作定语常放修饰词前面分词短语常放面
考题现
单项填空
(1）（典回放）___________more time he’ll make a first class tennis player
A Having given B To give
C Giving D Given
提示：句意假时日会成名流网球选手句语作条件状语分词间动关系表达if he is given more time
答案：D
(2)（典回放）Don’t use words expressions or phrases ___________only to people with specific knowledge
A being know B having been know
C to be known D known
提示：空缺处部分作定语化定语句辨出时态表达which is known to显然没必时（C项）进行时（A项）完成进行时（B项）含义
答案：D
(3)（典回放）___________in 1636Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
提示：foundHarvard动宾关系（掉D项）表句动作时发生（掉A项）选B项时句子缺乏连词
答案：C
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词汇梳理
1 discovery n 发现发觉
观察示例
The country became rich following the discovery of oil
发现石油国家变富
The researchers have made a number of important discoveries
研究员已许重发现
纳拓展
discovery作名词两重意思：发现发现物
特提示
作发现讲时数名词作发现物讲时数名词常动词make连make an important discovery意思重发现
动词discover
The drug is not a new discovery—it has been known about for years
种药什新发现——年前已解
2 abrupt adj 突然意外
观察示例
The road is full of abrupt turns
条路急转弯
The meeting came to an abrupt end
会议突然结束
A man with an abrupt manner is not welcome here
举止粗鲁里受欢迎
纳拓展
abrupt意思突然意外粗鲁副词abruptly名词abruptness数
3 convenient adj 便利方便
观察示例
They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall
突然消失附墙洞中
Will 3 o’clock be convenient for you
三点钟方便？
I’m afraid this isn’t a convenient moment to see you
想时候见恐怕合适
Our house is very convenient for the shops
房子离商店
特提示
作便讲时常for
反义词inconvenient副词conveniently名词convenience
convenience作便利讲时数名词便利设施讲时数名词
4 expectation n 预料期期
观察示例
This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again
预料蛇会咬
He has little expectation of passing the exam
考试格抱希
I usually enjoy his films but the latest one didn’t come up to my expectations
喜欢电影部期样
There was a general expectation that he would win
普遍认会获胜
纳拓展
expectation意思期期数名词动词expect
特提示
expectation意思期事物前景时常复数
beyond expectation出意料
in expectation of预料
against expectation(s)预期相反
in expectation 指中期着
5 passive adj 动消极动语态
观察示例
I collected the passive snakes and the next day we released them all back into the wild
法抵抗蛇收集起第二天放野外
They received the news of their defeat with passive resignation
奈消极心态接受失败消息
How can you be so passive Why don’t you do something about it
消极呢？什采取点措施呢？
纳拓展
passive 形容词意思消极动抵抗
特提示
反义词active
passiveactive voice动动语态
6 bear n 熊 v 忍受忍耐负担
观察示例
A brown bear was trapped in a cave
棕熊困山洞里
She bore the pain with great courage
非常勇敢忍受痛苦
I can’t bear being kept waiting
法忍受家长时间等候
I couldn’t bear to listen any longer so I left the room
实听便离开房间
纳拓展
can’t bear to do sth can’t bear doing sth 般情况定式表示某次动作can’t bear doing sth表示惯性动作
7 mess n 脏乱状态杂乱
观察示例
There’s a lot of mess to clear up
许脏东西清理
This room is in a mess
房间杂乱堪
This illness makes a mess of my holiday plans
场病假期计划乱
He spent all day just messing about
整天混日子
Stop messing about and tell me clearly what happened
闹告诉底发生什事
His late arrival messed up our plans
迟计划乱
纳拓展
mess作名词时义项：杂乱脏乱脏东西整洁乱七八糟事
mess作动词时义项：事事混日子胡闹
特提示
mess定冠词连复数make a mess of 扰乱弄乱mess up动词词组：搞乱搞糟mess aboutaround事事
8 current n （水气）流电流
adj 现前
观察示例
If sound waves could be reproduced in a moving electrical current they could be sent along a wire
果声波电流中复制电线传送
The current is the strongest in the middle of the river
河中央水流急
This button switches the current on
电钮接通电流
Most of the old are interested in current events
部分老年时事感兴趣
They are expecting profits of over 2 million in the current year
期年利润超200万美元
The word is no longer in current use
词现已
纳拓展
current作名词时意思气流水流洋流电流
current作形容词时意思时流行通modern latest意思相
9 importance n 重（性）
观察示例
Bell was fully aware of the importance of his invention
贝尔发明重性着清醒认识
How much importance do you attach to the latest events
事件重性？
The real importance of this new law is the protection it gives to female workers
项新法令真正重意义女工提供保障
纳拓展
importance作名词义项：重重某事某重原
importance数名词形容词importantbe of importancebe important
10 practical adj 实际实践实
观察示例
Bell was in truth a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life
实际贝尔位孜孜倦探索者探究许提高生活质量实方法
She lacks practical experience
缺乏实际验
He is wearing a practical uniform which is comfortable and doesn’t show the dirt
穿着种舒服耐脏实制服
纳拓展
反义词impractical名词形式practice动词practisepractice动词－ing形式
11 call up……电话……回忆起
观察示例
When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset
乡妈妈电话时正感心烦
I call you up this evening
晚电话
The music calls old times
音乐回想起旧日时光
This old photo calls up memories of my childhood
老片引起童年回忆
规提示
call up宾语果代词代词应放callup间果具体物放callup间up均
I called her up
I called the girl up
I called up the girl
call up作电话讲时ring up代
look back onto sth回忆记起讲语般call up意思……回忆起语物
拓展
call on sb拜访……
call at (a place) 参观……
call off 取消
call on sb to do sth号召某做某事
call in 电话召（服务）
call for 需接
12 in case防万假
观察示例
Take your coat in case it rains
着雨衣防雨
I’ll cook plenty of potatoes just in case(they decide to stay for dinner)
算煮马铃薯备万（决定留吃饭）
In case they are late they will have no food for lunch
假晚便没午饭吃
规提示
in case of加名词代词意思…………时候
：In case of fire ring the bell发生火灾请速接铃in case条件状语句应注意般时态代时
in this case果样话
in that case果样话
in any case
in no case决情况
13 dive into 跳水（头）手伸入……中（活动问题等）全心投入潜心研究
观察示例
Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods
偶尔离开路寻求困境
The boy dived into the river from the bridge
男孩桥跳入河中
He dived into his pocket and pulled out a quarter
手伸入口袋中取出枚25美分硬币
He dived intoin the history of China
潜心研究中国历史
规提示
dive into作潜心……讲时devote oneself to sth意思样devote oneself to sth投身……奉献……意思
14 set out to do sth某目标努力
观察示例
Bell never set out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph
贝尔没算发明电话努力设计种复合电报
He set out to break the record for the channel swim
决心破游海峡记录
They set out to examine the ship
着手检查艘船
规提示
set out to do sthset about doing sth意思样
set out forset off forleave for意出发里
15 hang on挂断紧握住
观察示例
Hang on(to the trap) and the bus is about to start
抓紧（皮圈）公汽车开动
I’m afraid the line is busy would you like to hang on
电话恐怕占线等会？
I know you’re tired but try to hang on a bit longer
知道累坚持会吧
规提示
hang on作挂断坚持讲时hold on法样
Hold on a minuteI’ll just get a pen
请稍等枝笔
Try and hold on until help arrives
想办法坚持帮助
hang up意思挂断电话
I was so angry that I hang up on him
气挂断电话
16 get through设法联系（尤指电话）（设法）做完通（考试）完光（成功）
观察示例
I can’t get through
接通（电话）
We were all delighted when we heard you had got through(your exam)
听（考试）格时高兴
We got through a whole chicken at one sitting
次吃鸡
The government managed to get the new law through
政府想法新法案通
规提示
get sththrough……某讲清楚
Her father has been trying to get it through to her that she must work harder if she wants to pass the exam
父亲直试图明白果想通考试必须更加努力
go through指法律通指通考试常get through
17 ring back（……）电话回复电话
观察示例
I told him you weren’t in so he said he’d ring back later
说便说晚时候（）电话
I didn’t get through just now but soon he rang back
刚没接通（电话）快回
规提示
ring off挂断 ring up……电话
ring towith回响
The courtyard rang withto their shouts
呼喊院子里回荡
ring round许电话遍电话
She rang round to tell all her friend the news
18 get down to开始认真……开始认真干……
观察示例
This time when I got down to examine the snakes I found them very sleepy
次认真检查蛇时候发现昏昏欲睡
It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday
度愉快假日难子认真投入工作
I really must get down to filling in my tax form
真认真填写报税表
规提示
get down to 中to介词应名词代词动词－ing形式
set out to do中to定式符号意思……目标努力get down to意思着手认真干……
基础示例
1．1）义句转换
The scientist discovered a lot of new things about the matter of the universe
The scientist__________ a lot of __________about the matter of the universe
答案：made discoveries
2）完成句子
The__________（发现）of the new land made us surprised and excited
答案：discovery
3)单项填空
Gilbert __________electricity and Edison __________the electric light bulb
A invented discovered
B discovered invented
C invented invented
D discovered discovered
提示：invent意思发明创造出原存东西discover发现出显示原已存东西（尚未知）发现矿产事实等
答案：B
2．完成句子
(1）An__________（突然）change of policy made everything up
(2）Our communication was__________（突然）interrupted
(3）The__________（意外突然）of his appearance made a mess of our plan
(4）His__________（粗鲁）speech made all the audiences angry
答案：(1)abrupt
(2)abruptly
(3)abruptness
(4)abrupt
3．1）完成句子
We bought this house for its__________（方便）：it is very__________（方便）for the library and it has lots of __________（便利设施）
答案：convenience convenient conveniences
2)单项填空
Come and see me whenever__________
A you are convenient
B you will be convenient
C it is convenient to you
D it will be convenient to you
提示：判断whenever引导时间状语句根时间条件状语句中般时态代时态掉BD两项convenient语般物结构It is convenient to sbfor sbto do sth中
答案：C
4．单项填空
（1）We thought John would do well but he has succeeded__________
A in our expectation of
B beyond our expectation
C against expectation
D in our expectations of
提示：句意预料约翰会做错做更加超预料
答案：B
（2）He closed the windows__________rain
A in the expectation of
B in expectations of
C in the expectations of
D in expectation of
提示：句意预计会雨（）关窗户
答案：D
（3）I thought I could get the patent but__________expectations I didn’t
A in B against
C out D beyond
提示：句意预计会专利正相反没
答案：B
5．英译汉
（1）Although I tried my best to encourage the boy he remained passive
______________________________________________________________________
（2）Our army put the enemies in a passive position
______________________________________________________________________
（3）Can you change the passive voice sentence into an active voice one
______________________________________________________________________
（4）He played a passive role in the relationship
______________________________________________________________________
答案：
(1)力鼓励孩子然消极
(2)敌处动状态
(3)动语态句子变成动形式？
(4)关系中处动位
6．单项填空
（1）I can’t bear him__________her
A married to B to marry
C marrying D have married
提示：句意忍受娶marry次具体动作非常态动作
答案：B
（2）I can’t beara__________lone
A living
B live
C having been lived
D lived
提示：句意难忍受独住Live alone表示长期动作状态常态动词
答案：A
7．完成句子
（1）He is always （事事）doing nothing
提示：句意总事事doing nothing作伴状语
答案：messingaround about
（2）The workmen cleaned up （肮脏东西）before they left
答案：all the mess
（3）The unexpected stranger__________（弄成团糟）of the party
提示：句意速客聚会搞砸
答案：made a mess
（4）The unexpected stranger__________the party__________（弄糟）
答案：messed up
8．英译汉
(1）current coinmoney
(2）current opinionbeliefs
(3）the current year
(4）the current issue of magazine
(5）a cold current of air
(6）currents moving through a wire
(7）the current events
(8）the current fashion
(9）the current of a river
(10）the current of public opinion
答案：
(1)流通货币
(2)时观点
(3)年
(4)杂志期
(5)寒流
(6)电流
(7)时事
(8)时装
(9)河里水流
(10)前公众观点
9．1）完成句子
(1）The matter is of great__________（重）
(2）Education has lots of__________（重性）
答案：
(1)importance
(2)importance
2）单项填空
He made another important discovery of great importance to science__________
A which I guess is
B which I guess it is
C which I guess it
D I guess which is
提示：选项结构应which引导定语句引导词应前面掉D项I guess成插入语掉缺动词C项which句中作语B项中it余
答案：A
10．单项填空
(1)The machine is too complex to be__________
A impractical B practical
C practice D practise
提示：句意机器太复杂实
答案：B
（2)The musician has been used to__________
A practise playing piano every morning
B practise playing the piano every morning
C practicing playing the piano every morning
D practicing playing piano every morning
提示：be used to意思惯practise 练面接v－ing作宾语乐器前加定冠词
答案：C
11．单项填空
（1）When I __________Tom he was doing some shopping
A called on B called up
C called off D called over
提示：call on 接sb填入意思拜访句正买东西构成合理情景
答案：B
（2）The film__________scenes of childhood
A looked back on B looked back to
C called up D called out
提示：句意部电影（）想起少年时情景语物
答案：C
（3）The government__________the army to help put out the forest fire
A called on B called up
C called in D called out
提示：句意政府调集军队帮助扑灭森林火call on处含义贴切
答案：C
（4）—Hello this is Tom speaking
—Hi Tom please stay at home I’ll __________you at five o’clock and we’ll go shopping
A call at B call for
C call out D look for
提示：句中两处关键信息stay at homewe’ll go shopping中间缺乏相会环节选择call for sb接某look for寻找已知Tom家必寻找
答案：B
12．1）完成句子
（1）__________（样）I shall return in a day or two
（2）I’ve got the key__________（防）we want to go inside
（3）__________（）are you to leave your post
（4）__________（果样话）I have no more to say
答案：
(1)In any case
(2)in case
(3)In no case
(4)In that case
2）单项填空
I had to go to work in__________case my child would always live with his grandmother
A this B that
C which D
提示：which代表句引导定语句
答案：C
13．单项填空
（1）He__________the bag and brought out two red apples
A put into B dragged into
C dived into D caught into
提示：A项应put his hand into BD两项存
答案：C
（2）He__________his career and made a great contribution to our country
A dived himself into
B devoted himself to
C dived in
D devoted to
提示：dive物动词掉Adevote物动词
答案：B
14．单项填空
（1）At dawn they set__________to get ready for the work of the day
A off B about
C out D in
提示：set off接for状语set about接v－ing形式set out接定式意动身做……
答案：C
（2）They set__________at about 8 o’clock
A about to work
B about to working
C about working
D out work
答案：C
15．1）单项填空
（1）He hung__________until the rope broke
A down B to
C on D up
提示：句意抓住绳子直断裂
答案：C
（2）It’s hard work but if you__________on long enough you’ll succeed
A insist B hang
C stick D go
提示：句意份工作干坚持肯定会成功insist ongo on接v－ingstick连介词to
答案：B
2）义句转换
Please don’t ring off I still have something to tell you
Please don’t __________ __________ I still have something to tell you
答案：hang up
16．1）单项填空
(1）—It’s a good idea But who’s going to__________the plan
—I think Tom and Greg will
A get through B carry out
C go through D carry on
提示：句意计划错谁执行？carry out意执行实践go through意思穿carry on意思坚持干继续做
答案：B
(2）Tom failed but his sister__________in the exam
A went through
B pass through
C got through
D succeeded through
提示：D项应掉through pass through意思路
答案：C
17．完成句子
(1）I__________（电话）for several times but I couldn’t get through
(2）He （挂断电话）before I could say a word
(3）You should not （遍电话）to ask them such a silly question
答案：(1)rang her up
(2)hung up
(3)ring around
18．单项填空
(1）Jerry did research in that field for a long time He__________invent something useful
A got down to
B hoped himself to
C set out to
D devoted himself to
提示：AD两项中to介词接n pron v－ing宾语句B项存说hope to dowish sb to do
答案：C
(2）After a wonderful travel he got down to__________ a book about it
A write B to write
C have written D writing
答案：D
重难突破
1seem to doseem(to be)seem likeas ifIt seems that似……
观察示例
They seem to have made their home there
似安家
There only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes
似设计杀死蛇药末
Things are not always what they seem(to be)
事物非总表象致
It would seem that there is no way out of our difficulty
似法摆脱困境
It seems like years since I last saw you
似年没见
It seems(as if)there will be an election soon
似久进行选举
规提示
seem to do sth似做……种时态：
seem to do sth
seem to be doing sth
seem to have done sth
seem like般名词seem as if句子时as if省略
seem句时语般it
seem to be + adj结构中to be省略
2It wasisthatwho强调句型
观察示例
It was this exploring around problems that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876
问题断探索1876年成著名发明——电话
It was not until five days later that Bell sent the first telephone message to his assistant Watson
（专利予）五天贝尔助手华生发出第电话信息
It is in the city that you are going to pay a visit to that this kind of beer is produced
种啤酒参观城市里生产出
It is the school and the teachers that they often talk about
常谈学校老师
规提示
强调句型中强调象名词代词介词短语
It iswasthatwho果掉句子然成立文第二例句中掉It wasthat句需倒装
特注意含定语句强调句型文第三例句中前面that引导句子作city定语句换成which省略面that强调句型中that省略
3 倒装句
观察示例
Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor
已获种认证说真正发明者
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s
直调查表明产品确实专利
Only the students in Class 3 can do the exercises
三班学做练
Never can you pass the exam if you don’t devote yourself to your study
果全心全意学通考试
Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing
回机会表现发明某种东西
Here comes the bus
汽车
规提示
only开头句子果only修饰句子状语句子句部分倒装only修饰句子语时倒装
否定词no not never hardly seldom等开头句子句子句部分倒装
here there away out等副词开头句子常完全倒装语代词时部分倒装Here you are（）Here are you
活学巧
1．1)义句转换
（1）He seems to know everything
_________ _________ _________ he knows everything
（2）What he had done sounded reasonable
What he had done_________ _________ _________ reasonable
（3）It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime
He seems_________ _________ _________ at the scene of the crime
答案：(1)It seems that
(2)seemed to be
(3)to have been
2)单项填空
You’d better tell Mum the truth—she seems_________ told everything
A to be B to have been
C to have D that has been
提示：seem作语时加句掉D项情景母亲已告知定式动作应该动完成
答案：B
21）汉译英
（1）公园里遇
______________________________________________________
（2）公园里遇
______________________________________________________
答案：
(1）It was me who you met in the park
(2）It was in the park that you met me
2）填空题
（1）It was at 3 o’clock _________ I arrived
（2）It was 3 o’clock _________ I arrived
（3）It was in the room _________ you were born _________ we had a talk
答案：（1）that
（2）when(引导定语句)
（3）wherewhen
3)义句转换
Not until I had finished my homework did I go to bed
It was_________ _________ I had finished my homework_________ I went to bed
I_________ go to bed _________ I had finished my homework
答案：not until that didn’t until
3单项填空
（1）Only when your identity has been checked_________
A you are allowed in
B you will be allowed in
C will you allow in
D will you be allowed in
提示：only+状语放句首时部分倒装状语包括副词状语句等
答案：D
（2）Not a single song_________ at yesterday’s party
A she sang B sang she
C did she sing D she did sing
提示：否定副词（含半否定副词）放句首时部分倒装
答案：C
（3）Little_________ about his own safety though he was in great danger himself
A does he care B did he care
C he cares D he cared
提示：little处副词少意思形容词
答案：B
语法精讲
分词作定语状语
观察示例
Prepared with these findings I decided on three possible approaches
带着发现作充分准备决定三种方法
Pressed by my friends and relations I decided to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition for my successful idea
朋友亲戚力劝决定发明送专利办公室便成功想法获认
One day as he was experimenting with a straw joined to a deaf man’s ear Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear the straw drew sound waves on a piece of smoked glass
天根连聋耳朵子做实验时贝尔注意着（聋）耳朵说话时子声波聚集块熏黑玻璃片
All the broken doors and windows have been repaired
坏门窗修
Shown the lab we were taken to see the library
带参观实验室带参观图书馆
规提示
分词作定语时修饰词间逻辑动关系修饰词动词表动作承受者果动词物动词分词表示动作完成例：
a fallen leaf落树叶（表完成）
a broken cup碎杯子（表动完成）
分词修饰句子作状语时修饰句子语逻辑动关系
单分词作定语常放修饰词前面分词短语常放面
考题现
单项填空
(1）（典回放）___________more time he’ll make a first class tennis player
A Having given B To give
C Giving D Given
提示：句意假时日会成名流网球选手句语作条件状语分词间动关系表达if he is given more time
答案：D
(2)（典回放）Don’t use words expressions or phrases ___________only to people with specific knowledge
A being know B having been know
C to be known D known
提示：空缺处部分作定语化定语句辨出时态表达which is known to显然没必时（C项）进行时（A项）完成进行时（B项）含义
答案：D
(3)（典回放）___________in 1636Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States
A Being founded B It was founded
C Founded D Founding
提示：foundHarvard动宾关系（掉D项）表句动作时发生（掉A项）选B项时句子缺乏连词
答案：C
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