国家开放学科理英语4台机考题库
第三题 阅读理解选择题题库
说明：资料整理2024年7月31日适国家开放学科学员台期末机考考试
题包含5题题4分计20分阅读短文ABC三选项中选择正确答案
首字母A
★A team of about 35 employees had come together for a team building event They were a young bright and enthusiastic team However one of their chief problems was the fact that they wouldn’t share information or solutions with each other and the team leader thought they were too focused on themselves and not on the team As a result she brought them all into the cafeteria All of the tables and chairs had been stored away and fun decorations and hundreds of different colored balloons had been placed around the room
In the center of the room was a big box of balloons that hadn’t been blown up yet The team leader instructed everybody to pick a balloon blow it up and write their name on it but they had to be careful not to burst the balloon
Although they were given a second chance if their first balloon popped they were out of the game the second time round In the end about 30 team members wrote their names without their balloons popping They were then asked to leave the room and after five minutes the team leader brought them back in and asked them to find the balloon with their name on it amongst the hundreds of other balloons in the room After 15 minutes of searching no one had found their balloon and the team were told that they were then going to move on to the third round of the activity
In this round each team member was instructed to find any balloon with a name on it and then give that balloon to the person whose name was on it Within two minutes everybody had their own balloon The team leader summarized the activity thus We are much more efficient when we are willing to share with each other and much better at problem solving when we are working together not individually
Sometimes members of teams create obstacles by focusing solely on their own pursuits and goals Every member of the team should ask themselves on a regular basis what they are doing and what they can do for the team
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What was the purpose of holding this teambuilding event(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AHelping the employees become more concentrated on their work
BMaking the team members know how to cooperate with each other
CBuilding up team morale
[单选题]◆Where was the event held(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AIn a restaurant
BIn a coffee shop
CIn a classroom
[单选题]◆About how many team members were out of the second round of the activity(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A30
B35
C5
[单选题]◆Which statement below is correct about the event(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AIn the second round every one of the team had found their balloons after 15 minutes
BIn the third round the team members were asked to find the balloon with their name on it
CIn the third round everybody had their own balloon within 2 minutes
[单选题]◆What was the event going to teach these employees(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ACooperating with other members is more efficient when they are working together
BFocusing on one’s own pursuits is not allowed in the workplace
CFailure of teamwork is caused by individuals
首字母F
★Five Basic Functions That Make up the Management Process
In 1916 a French coal mine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generale which set forth five distinct functions of managing that Fayol insisted were applicable in any industry In the 1950’s management textbooks began to incorporate some of Fayol’s ideas into their content and today management courses still use many of his ideas to teach management to business students
Planning
Planning involves deciding where to take a company and selecting steps to get there It first requires managers to be aware of challenges facing their businesses and then it requires managers to forecast future business and economic conditions They then formulate objectives to reach by certain deadlines and decide on steps to reach them They reevaluate their plans as conditions change and make adjustments as necessary
Organizing
Managers organize by bringing together physical human and financial resources to achieve objectives They identify activities to be accomplished classify activities assign activities to groups or individuals create responsibilities and delegate authority They then coordinate everything so operations run smoothly
Leading
Leading requires managers to motivate employees to achieve business objectives and goals It requires the use of authority to achieve those ends as well as the ability to communicate effectively Effective leaders can influence their personnel to view situations from their perspectives Leading also involves supervision of employees and their work
Controlling
Controlling involves measuring achievement against established objectives and goals It also requires managers to be able to identify sources of deviation from successful accomplishment and to provide a corrective course of action Managers first establish objectives and goals then measure achievements identify anything that is keeping the company from achieving their objectives and goals and provide means of correction if necessary
Staffing
Without human resources no organization can get off the ground let alone do business and make profits
Some distinct features of the staffing function are
• It puts the right man in the right job
• It is an ongoing activity As employees keep leaving and joining the company they also retire from time to time leaving empty places in various positions
• Efficiency is a prime focus of this function As managing people is the toughest job everything must be accounted for leaves payments benefits medical allowances social security accounting and much more
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Which of the following choice is involved in Planning
A1 Formulating objectives for a company and deciding steps to reach objectives
BMotivating employees to achieve objectives and deciding steps to reach objectives
CPredicting future economy and providing a corrective course of action
[单选题]◆Which of the following statements explains organizing in management process
AIdentifying objectives for groups or individuals
BCreating responsibilities to achieve objectives
CBringing resources together to achieve objectives
[单选题]◆What does Leading require managers to do
AInfluence employees
BControl employees
CSelect employees
[单选题]◆What does Controlling in management mean
AControlling objectives
BControlling process
CControlling resources
[单选题]◆Which of the following is the feature of the Staffing function
AIt prevents personnel flow and it will last a long time
BIt is a continuous activity and it requires efficiency
CIt requires lots of highquality human resources
首字母H
★How to Handle a Bad Performance Review
Getting a bad performance review can make you feel angry unappreciated defeated and hopeless But it’s not the end of the world Remember that the way you respond to this appraisal can make all the difference in the next one Even if you believe that the review is inaccurate and that your boss is completely wrong you will benefit by reacting in a mature adult manner Here are some suggestions
Stay calm Relax Breathe Do not overreact and be objective Especially do not say things that will likely be regretted later Besides the person giving the performance review may or may not be the one who has written the bad review
What to Do When Receiving a Bad Performance Review
It’s best to listen attentively And make comments or remarks only when asked for them Besides during the performance review you will be given the chance to respond and may disagree
What to Do After Receiving a Bad Performance Review
Don’t be intimidated by the bad performance review and want to quit the job instead learn from it Alsoif the organization allows their employees to make a written statement on their own behalf do make one It is important for the worker to show why she does not agree with the bed performance review for instancean employee may express their different understanding and at the same time a willingness to comply with any constructive suggestions
Ways to Improve a Bad Performance Review
A way to improve a bad performance review is to set selfreviews that is establish performance standards Another way to improve a bad review is to learn more about what the manager supervisor or boss wants or expects from hisher employees Learning what it was that caused a bad performance review helps to improve professional growth and encourages as well as motivates the worker to do better in order to receive a good review next time
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What should you do when you are given a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AArgue with your boss
BMake immediate remarks
CStay calm and listen carefully
[单选题]◆What should you do after you are given a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AQuit your job immediately
BInsist on making comments
CLearn from the review
[单选题]◆What should you do if you disagree with the bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATell the boss directly that you do not agree with the review
BMake a written statement on your own behalf if it is allowed
CDo not express your different understanding in a written statement
[单选题]◆How do you improve a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AUnderstand the established performance standards
BLearn more about what the employee wants or expects
CLearn what the person who gives the review may think
[单选题]◆Why should we understand the cause of a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ABecause it helps the employee to get promoted immediately
BBecause it encourages and motivates the worker to do better
CBecause it prevents the employee from professional growth
★Have you noticed the courage buried in the word encourageTo create a culture in which innovation flourishes takes courageDetermined innovators are always courageous enough to establish a culture in which innovation is greatly encouraged and rewardedHere are three ways to do that
Put innovation at the heart of strategyand persist it in every messageThink of innovation strategy as a pyramidbig bets at the topa few projects in development in the middleand a broad base of continuous improvementslasting contributionsand earlystage new ideas at the bottom
Define jobs around innovationMake it a job prerequisiteConsider 3M’s move to become one of the first companies to tell professionals that they could spend 15 percent of their time on projects of their own choosingNow many hightech companies know that they can’t get the best talent without providing this kind of flexibilityAnd some of those selfselectedselforganized projects might even result in a blockbuster product or line of businessFor 3Mit was the Postit note
Recognize innovation in every part of the companyTo build a culture of creativity and innovationGillette developed an innovation fair in which every unit could show off its most promising new conceptsIt shows that everyone has a role to play in a culture of innovation
To go from idea to successful innovation requires a great deal of support and collaborationWhen people are surrounded by constant communication and encouragementthey can find the courage to tryfailredoand try again
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What is necessary in creating an innovation culture
ACommunication
BCourage
CImitation
[单选题]◆How does 3M create its innovation culture
APut innovation at the heart of strategyand persist it in every message
BDefine jobs around innovation
CRecognize innovation in every part of the company
[单选题]◆The word prerequisite inMake it a job prerequisitemeans_______
Arequired as a prior condition
Bgoing after
Cprior to request
[单选题]◆The formation from idea to innovation needs_______
Adiscussion and revision
Bfailure and courage
Csupport and cooperation
[单选题]◆Which is NOT mentioned in the creation of innovation
APut innovation in the extremely key place of the strategy
BDevelop innovation in every part of the company
CPut innovation into effect
首字母I
★If there’s one word that captures the essence of what is occurring in the world todayit’schangeDownsizingreorganizingand cutting costsare now the norm for survivalNo industry is exemptEven the most conservative institutions are undergoing significant change just to survive
Change management has always been an issue of debate amongst scholarshow can employers create suitable conditions for a successful change processAnd what can employees do to get through it
Tips for dealing with change in the workplace
●Make yourself aware that change happensit happens in personal lifeit happens in your professional lifeYou can not live in the pastso denying that change could occur only makes things more complicated for you
●Stay alert in the workplaceknow what is happening around youWhen you come across clues that hint change is on the wayacknowledge them
●Maintain open communication channelsDon’t lay back and expect things to pass you by smoothlyYou need to get acquainted with the occurring changesSeek more details from your management and peers to for man accurate understanding of the matter transparent and honest about your fearsdealing with the unknown is often resented and dauntingMake the picture as clear as you can
●Assess yourselfChange is a time when one’s confidence about one’s skills and capabilities gets shakyRecognize your strengths and where you could bring them into playAt the same timestay aware of your developmental areas and work on improving those
●Don’t be stiffIt will make the change process much harder if you are rigid flexible enough to look at the different angles of the change and see where you could apply your existingskills and knowledgeand what news skills you need to acquire
●Stay optimisticKeep a positive attitude and don’t let yourself drown in uncertaintyInvolve yourself in the new processlocate yourself properly in the new scenarioAdjustYou can’t get to the top of Everest by jumping up the mountainYou get to the mountaintop by taking incremental stepsStep by stepyou get to the goalsays Robin Sharmaone of the world’s mostsoughtafter leadership and personal success experts
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Enterprises carryout downsizingreorganizing and cutting costs in order to_________
Asurvive
Bcut down on the number of workers
Creshuffle the organization
[单选题]◆No industry is exemptmeans_________
ANo industry is an example
BNo industry is an exception
CNot every industry can be exempted
[单选题]◆The following questions are often discussed among scholars EXCEPT_________
AHow can bosses create favorable conditions for change
BHow can productivity be increased
CWhat can workers do to get through change
[单选题]◆How many suggestions does the author put forward
A4
B5
C6
[单选题]◆From the passagewe know that Robin Sharma is _________
Aan expert on leadershipand personal success
Ba great leader
Csomeone who likes to play the game of Hide and Seek
★If there’s one word that captures the essence of what is occurring in the world todayit’schangeDownsizingreorganizingand cutting costsare now the norm for survivalNo industry is exemptEven the most conservative institutions are undergoing significant change just to survive
Change management has always been an issue of debate amongst scholarshow can employers create suitable conditions for a successful change processAnd what can employees do to get through it
Tips for dealing with change in the workplace
●Make yourself aware that change happensit happens in personal lifeit happens in your professional lifeYou can not live in the pastso denying that change could occur only makes things more complicated for you
●Stay alert in the workplaceknow what is happening around youWhen you come across clues that hint change is on the wayacknowledge them
●Maintain open communication channelsDon’t lay back and expect things to pass you by smoothlyYou need to get acquainted with the occurring changesSeek more details from your management and peers to for man accurate understanding of the matter transparent and honest about your fearsdealing with the unknown is often resented and dauntingMake the picture as clear as you can
●Assess yourselfChange is a time when one’s confidence about one’s skills and capabilities gets shakyRecognize your strengths and where you could bring them into playAt the same timestay aware of your developmental areas and work on improving those
●Don’t be stiffIt will make the change process much harder if you are rigid flexible enough to look at the different angles of the change and see where you could apply your existingskills and knowledgeand what news skills you need to acquire
●Stay optimisticKeep a positive attitude and don’t let yourself drown in uncertaintyInvolve yourself in the new processlocate yourself properly in the new scenarioAdjustYou can’t get to the top of Everest by jumping up the mountainYou get to the mountaintop by taking incremental stepsStep by stepyou get to the goalsays Robin Sharmaone of the world’s mostsoughtafter leadership and personal success experts
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Enterprises carryout downsizingreorganizing and cutting costs in order to_________
Acut down on the number of workers
Breshuffle the organization
Csurvive
[单选题]◆No industry is exemptmeans_________
ANo industry is an exception
BNo industry is an example
CNot every industry can be exempted
[单选题]◆The following questions are often discussed among scholars EXCEPT_________
AHow can bosses create favorable conditions for change
BHow can productivity be increased
CWhat can workers do to get through change
[单选题]◆How many suggestions does the author put forward
A4
B5
C6
[单选题]◆From the passagewe know that Robin Sharma is_________
Aan expert on leadershipand personal success
Ba great leader
Csomeone who likes to play the game of Hide and Seek
★In 1916a French coalmine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generalewhich set forth five distinct functions of managing that Fayol insisted were applicable in any industryIn the 1950’smanagement textbooks began to incorporate some of a Fayol’s ideas into their contentand todaymanagement courses still use many of his ideas to teach management to business students
Planning
Planning involves deciding where to take a company and selecting steps to get thereIt first requires managers to be aware of challenges facing their businessesand then it requires managers to forecast future business and economic conditionsThey then formulate objectives to reach by certain deadlines and decide on steps to reach themThey reevaluate their plans as conditions change and make adjustments as necessary
Organizing
Managers organize by bringing together physicalhuman and financial resources to achieve objectivesThey identify activities to be accomplishedclassify activitiesassign activities to groups or individualscreate responsibilities and delegate authorityThey then coordinate everything so operations run smoothly
Leading
Leading requires managers to motivate employees to achieve business objectives and goalsIt requires the use of authority to achieve those ends as well as the ability to communicate effectivelyEffective leaders can influence their personnel to view situations from their perspectivesLeading also involves supervision of employees and their work
Controlling
Controlling involves measuring achievement against established objectives and goalsIt also requires managers to be able to identify sources of deviation from successful accomplishment and to provide a corrective course of actionManagers first establish objectives and goalsthen measure achievementsidentify anything that is keeping the company from achieving their objectives and goalsand provide means of correction if necessary
Staffing
Without human resourcesno organization can get off the groundlet alone do business and make profitsSome distinct features of the staffing function are：
●It puts the right man in the right job
●It is an ongoing activity as employees keep leaving and joining the companythey also retire from time to time leaving empty places in various positions
●Efficiency is a prime focus of this function as managing people is the toughest job there iseverything must be accounted forleavespaymentsbenefitsmedical allowancessocial security accounting and much more
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Which of the following choice is involved in Planning
A1 Formulating objectives for a company and deciding steps to reach objectives
BMotivating employees to achieve objectives and deciding steps to reach objectives
CPredicting future economy and providing a corrective course of action
[单选题]◆Which of the following statements explains organizing in management process
AIdentifying objectives for groups or individuals
BCreating responsibilities to achieve objectives
CBringing resources together to achieve objectives
[单选题]◆What does Leading require managers to do
AInfluence employees
BControl employees
CSelect employees
[单选题]◆What does Controlling in management mean
AControlling objectives
BControlling process
CControlling resources
[单选题]◆Which of the following is the feature of the Staffing function
AIt prevents personnel flow and it will last a long time
BIt is a continuous activity and it requires efficiency
CIt requires lots of highquality human resources
首字母J
Organizational Culture and Its Functions
★Just as individuals have personalities so too do organizations
Individuals have relatively enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviorsOrganizations like people can be characterized as for example rigid friendly warm innovative or conservativeThese traits in turn can be used to predict attitudes and behaviors of the people within these organizations
The culture of any organization although it may be hard to measure precisely nevertheless exists and is generally recognized by its employeesOrganizations have cultures that govern how members behaveOrganizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizationsIt is a set of key characteristics that the organization valuesThere are seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization’s cultureThey are innovation and risk taking attention to details outcome orientation people orientation team orientation aggressiveness and stabilityAppraising the organization on these seven characteristics gives a composite picture of the organization’s cultureThis picture becomes the basis for feelings of shared understanding that members have about the organization how things are done in it and the way members are supposed to behave
Culture performs a number of functions within an organizationFirst it creates distinctions between one organization and othersSecond it conveys a sense of identity for organization membersThird culture facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger than one’s individual self interestFourth it enhances the stability of the social systemFinally culture serves as a sense making and control mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behaviors of employees
The role of culture in influencing employee behaviors appears to be increasingly important in today’s workplaceWho receives a job offer to join the organization who is appraised as a high performer and who gets a promotion are strongly influenced by the individualorganization fit
It is not a coincidence that employees at Disney theme parks appear to be almost universally attractive clean and wholesome looking with bright smilesAnd once on the job a strong culture supported by formal rules and regulations ensures that Disney theme park employees will act in a relatively uniform and predictable way
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆How many characteristics does an organization’s culture primarily contain(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A3
B5
C7
[单选题]◆How many functions does the culture perform within an organization(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A7
B6
C5
[单选题]◆What does the wordfitin the last paragraph mean(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AMatch
BHealthy
CIllness
[单选题]◆What is the first function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo become the basis for shared understanding
BTo distinguish one organization from another
CTo capture the essence of an organization
[单选题]◆What is the third function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo help make employees more creative in their work
BTo help make employees more obedient in their behaviors
CTo help make employees more committed to the organization
首字母O
★Organizational Culture and Its Functions
Just as individuals have personalities so too do organizations
Individuals have relatively enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviorsOrganizations like people can be characterized as for example rigid friendly warm innovative or conservativeThese traits in turn can be used to predict attitudes and behaviors of the people within these organizations
The culture of any organization although it may be hard to measure precisely nevertheless exists and is generally recognized by its employeesOrganizations have cultures that govern how members behaveOrganizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizationsIt is a set of key characteristics that the organization valuesThere are seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization’s cultureThey are innovation and risk taking attention to details outcome orientation people orientation team orientation aggressiveness and stabilityAppraising the organization on these seven characteristics gives a composite picture of the organization’s cultureThis picture becomes the basis for feelings of shared understanding that members have about the organization how things are done in it and the way members are supposed to behave
Culture performs a number of functions within an organizationFirst it creates distinctions between one organization and othersSecond it conveys a sense of identity for organization membersThird culture facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger than one’s individual self interestFourth it enhances the stability of the social systemFinally culture serves as a sense making and control mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behaviors of employees
The role of culture in influencing employee behaviors appears to be increasingly important in today’s workplaceWho receives a job offer to join the organization who is appraised as a high performer and who gets a promotion are strongly influenced by the individualorganization fit
It is not a coincidence that employees at Disney theme parks appear to be almost universally attractive clean and wholesome looking with bright smilesAnd once on the job a strong culture supported by formal rules and regulations ensures that Disney theme park employees will act in a relatively uniform and predictable way
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆How many characteristics does an organization’s culture primarily contain(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A3
B5
C7
[单选题]◆How many functions does the culture perform within an organization(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A7
B6
C5
[单选题]◆What does the wordfitin the last paragraph mean(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AMatch
BHealthy
CIllness
[单选题]◆What is the first function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo become the basis for shared understanding
BTo distinguish one organization from another
CTo capture the essence of an organization
[单选题]◆What is the third function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo help make employees more creative in their work
BTo help make employees more obedient in their behaviors
CTo help make employees more committed to the organization
首字母P
★Project managers are change agents they make project goals their own and use their skills and expertise to inspire a sense of shared purpose within the project team They enjoy new challenges and the responsibility of driving business results
They work well under pressure and are comfortable with change and complexity in dynamic environments They can shift readily between thebig pictureand the smallbutcrucial details knowing when to concentrate on each
Project managers cultivate the people skills needed to develop trust and communication among all of a project’s stakeholders its sponsors those who will make use of the project’s results those who command the resources needed and the project team members
They have a broad and flexible toolkit of techniques resolving complexinterdependent activities into tasks and subtasks that are documented monitored and controlled They adapt their approach to the context and constraints of each project knowing that noone sizecan fit all the variety of projects And they are always improving their own and their teams’ skills through lessonslearned reviews at project completion
Project managers are found in every kind of organizationas employees managers contractors and independent consultants With experience they may become program managers (responsible for multiple related projects) or portfolio managers (responsible for selection prioritization and alignment of projects and programs with an organization’s strategy)
And they are in increasing demand worldwide For decades as the pace of economic and technological change has quickened organizations have been directing more and more of their energy into projects rather than routine operations
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Which of the following is NOT enjoyed by project managers
AChallenges
BResponsibility
CStatus quo
[单选题]◆Which Of The Following is NOT concerned by project managers
AThe overall situation
BThe noncrucialdetails
CThe crucial details
[单选题]◆Which of the following is a TRUE statement about project managers
AThey do not need to keep contact with all of a project’s stakeholders
BThey use one model to solve problems in various projects
CThey improve their skills after completion of each project
[单选题]◆Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a career possibility for experienced project manager
ABecoming general manager of an organization
BRunning several projects at the same time
CAllocating projects to other project managers
[单选题]◆Which of the following can be an alternative title for the passage
ARequirements of project managers
BFuture development of project managers
CCareer development of project managers
首字母T
★The meaning of communication goes a lot deeper than people often thinkCommunication is about conceiving sending receiving and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messagesA failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication
Ineffective communication can be disastrousThere is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message Send reinforcements we’re going to advance back to his Command Center through a long chain of subordinatesWhen the message finally reached the Command Center it had mutated to become Send three and fourpence we’re going to a dance The reinforcements never arrived
You can demonstrate this same principle albeit on a less dramatic scale by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 peopleIt is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with
In a business there are three main types of communication failureEach has its own indicative signs
•The first type is known as allocative failureThis occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often) the information is not reaching the right pointsThe firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demandIf demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure then stocks will fall and there will be under staffingIf the inverse happens there will be a surplus of stocks and over staffing
•The second type is executive failure where communication to trigger specific eventsactions is either late lacking or in errorThe symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments a loss of coordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all
•The final type is human failureThis occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communicationThis leads to alienated staff an increase in staff turnover an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staffCreativity especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What does the phrase confirming reception of the sent messages mean in Paragraph 1(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo make sure that the messages are sent to the right receivers
BTo make sure that the messages are fully understood
CTo make sure that the messages are correctly understood by the right receivers
[单选题]◆In the famous British Army Commander story which step probably was right in the communication chain(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AConceiving
BSending
CReceiving
[单选题]◆What is Chinese whispers(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AWho whispers in Chinese
BA game to pass messages around in a whisper
CChinese people who don’t normally talk very loudly
[单选题]◆When doesallocative successhappen(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AThe right information goes to the right place
BA company gathers information from under staffing departments
CThe correct information will be sent by the right department
[单选题]◆According to the last paragraph what result will be caused by human failure(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AIncreasing creativity across departments
BInadequate communication between departments
CIncreasing customer complaints
★Teamwork is extremely important for the success of a company
Teamwork Multiplies Success Teamwork has often been described as one plus one equals threeOn teams people can work together and accomplish much more than they could by themselvesYour company can also accomplish great things when everyone is working together toward a common goal
Teamwork Makes the Job Easier Employees now specialize in areas and contribute to the team through the work they produce
By specializing in areas like merchandising or accounting they become more expert at their tasks and make your team more effective as a resultWorking in teams also teaches your associates to work together more effectively and frequently
The new ways of doing things are discovered by team members working together to solve a problem
Teamwork Maximizes Strengths and Reduces Weaknesses Individual weaknesses can be minimized through the efforts of the teamIn your company you place your people where their strengths can be best used
Weaknesses can be reduced when your people concentrate on their areas of strengthTeamwork Makes Work Fun Work is more fun when you are a part of a teamYou can build on other peoples ideas and share in completing the assignment togetherYou also have another pair of eyes to look at the work which further reduces mistakesStudies have also shown that laughter and fun reduce stress which can also in crease effectiveness on the jobTeams that enjoy working together can accomplish great things for your company
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What’s function of the phrase one plus one equals therein Para2
B It tries to explains that working in a teamwork is better than working individually
[单选题]◆The word associatescan probably be replaced by the word in the sentence working in teams also teaches your associates to work together…in para3
Ccolleagues
[单选题]◆Which of the following statements is TREUE according to the passage
Apersonal shortcomings can be reduced through the efforts of the whole team
[单选题]◆which of the following statements is FLASE according to the passage
CWorking in a team you must be careless because you know somebody can help you
[单选题]◆What’s the best title for this passage
BThe importance of teamwork
★The employee and the supervisor are clear about the employee’s goals required outcomes or outputs and how the success of the contributions will be assessed The goal in employee evaluation is to motivate a high level of quality and quantity in the work that the employee produces
The goals of the best employee performance evaluations also include employee development and organizational improvement The employee performance evaluation helps employees accomplish both personal development and organizational goals The act of writing down the goals takes the employee one step closer to accomplishing them
In the event that an employee is not succeeding or improving his job performance the performance evaluation documentation can be used to develop a Performance Improvement Plan
This plan provides more detailed goals with more frequent feedback to an employee who is struggling to perform The goal of a PIP is the improvement of the employee’s performance but nonperformance can lead to disciplinary action up to and including employment termination
In many organizations numeric rankings are used to compare an employee’s performance with the performance of other employees Numeric ratings are frequent components of these systems too
No matter how fair and nondiscriminatory these ratings are made to appear through the endless establishment of criteria for rating and they boil down to the manager’s opinion of an employee’s performance This is why numeric components in an employee performance evaluation process are not recommended
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What is the goal in employee evaluation
ATo motivate outcomes of the employee
BTo punish inabilities of the employee
CTo reduce costs of the employee
[单选题]◆What is NOT the goal of the best employee performance evaluation
AEmployee development
BOrganization improvement
CEmployment termination
[单选题]◆What does PIP in Para 6 stand for
APersonal Improvement Plan
BPerformance Improvement Plan
CPromotion Improvement Plan
[单选题]◆What is the goal of PIP
ATo improve the employee’s performance
BTo protect both the employee and the employer
CTo create accurate appraisal documentation
[单选题]◆What is the purpose of numeric rankings
ATo perform consistent regular nondiscriminatory employee performance evaluations
BTo ensure equitable measurement of an employee’s contribution
CTo compare an employee’s performance with the performance of other employees
首字母W
★Working for Google is a dream of many not just because of what this company has achieved in the last 15 years but because of its enviable work culture With about 37000 employees in 40 countries you might wonder how Google maintains a motivating work experience throughout its entire company
Working for Google comes with perks that most other organizations can’t providebowling alleys free haircuts gym memberships and shuttles to and from work The company’s secret to success is putting the same amount of time and effort into keeping employees happy as it does into innovating products
Back when the company was just a startup cofounders Larry Page and Sergey Brin had the goal of making Google a place the most talented people wanted to work at Their idea was simple creating a work culture that keeps employees happy will motivate them to do their best and will keep them loyal to the company
It’s less about the aspiration to be No 1 in the world and more that we want our employees and future ones to love it here because that’s what’s going to make us successful said Karen May the Vice President of people development at Google
Google also makes its employees want to work because managers provide tasks that are inspiring and challenging Every employee at Google has the opportunity to spend 20 of his or her working time on a project they choose This freedom takes employees out of their routine and away from the mundane tasks that often make workers feel uninspired about their jobs
Lastly Google shows each employee just how important he or she is to the company Each employee regardless of her spot on the totem pole has an influence on how Google performs
If you value people and care about them as whole people one thing you do is giving them a voice and you really listen May said
Google does just that by hosting employee forums every Friday where they discuss the 20 mostasked questions Employees have access to all company information adding a sense of trust and employees and leaders work together to solve problems
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆How would you describe Google(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AMediumsized international company
BLarge global enterprises
CLarge Chinese company
[单选题]◆Which of the following belongs to the methods that Google motivates its employees(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AProviding haircuts at a discounted price
BShuttling the founders between home and office
COffering entertaining equipment in the workplace
[单选题]◆Who founded Google(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ALarry Page and Sergey Brin
BKaren May and Larry Page
CSergey Brin and Karen May
[单选题]◆What can we learn from this passage(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AGoogle employees don’t want to work because the tasks are boring
BGoogle employees have no chance to work on the project they choose
CGoogle employees have the chance to get away from mundane errands
[单选题]◆What is Google’s secret to success(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AInnovating hitech products
BPaying high salaries to the employees and practicing strict management
CValuing the happiness of its employees as well as innovating good products
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第三题 阅读理解选择题题库
说明：资料整理2024年7月31日适国家开放学科学员台期末机考考试
题包含5题题4分计20分阅读短文ABC三选项中选择正确答案
首字母A
★A team of about 35 employees had come together for a team building event They were a young bright and enthusiastic team However one of their chief problems was the fact that they wouldn’t share information or solutions with each other and the team leader thought they were too focused on themselves and not on the team As a result she brought them all into the cafeteria All of the tables and chairs had been stored away and fun decorations and hundreds of different colored balloons had been placed around the room
In the center of the room was a big box of balloons that hadn’t been blown up yet The team leader instructed everybody to pick a balloon blow it up and write their name on it but they had to be careful not to burst the balloon
Although they were given a second chance if their first balloon popped they were out of the game the second time round In the end about 30 team members wrote their names without their balloons popping They were then asked to leave the room and after five minutes the team leader brought them back in and asked them to find the balloon with their name on it amongst the hundreds of other balloons in the room After 15 minutes of searching no one had found their balloon and the team were told that they were then going to move on to the third round of the activity
In this round each team member was instructed to find any balloon with a name on it and then give that balloon to the person whose name was on it Within two minutes everybody had their own balloon The team leader summarized the activity thus We are much more efficient when we are willing to share with each other and much better at problem solving when we are working together not individually
Sometimes members of teams create obstacles by focusing solely on their own pursuits and goals Every member of the team should ask themselves on a regular basis what they are doing and what they can do for the team
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What was the purpose of holding this teambuilding event(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AHelping the employees become more concentrated on their work
BMaking the team members know how to cooperate with each other
CBuilding up team morale
[单选题]◆Where was the event held(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AIn a restaurant
BIn a coffee shop
CIn a classroom
[单选题]◆About how many team members were out of the second round of the activity(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A30
B35
C5
[单选题]◆Which statement below is correct about the event(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AIn the second round every one of the team had found their balloons after 15 minutes
BIn the third round the team members were asked to find the balloon with their name on it
CIn the third round everybody had their own balloon within 2 minutes
[单选题]◆What was the event going to teach these employees(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ACooperating with other members is more efficient when they are working together
BFocusing on one’s own pursuits is not allowed in the workplace
CFailure of teamwork is caused by individuals
首字母F
★Five Basic Functions That Make up the Management Process
In 1916 a French coal mine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generale which set forth five distinct functions of managing that Fayol insisted were applicable in any industry In the 1950’s management textbooks began to incorporate some of Fayol’s ideas into their content and today management courses still use many of his ideas to teach management to business students
Planning
Planning involves deciding where to take a company and selecting steps to get there It first requires managers to be aware of challenges facing their businesses and then it requires managers to forecast future business and economic conditions They then formulate objectives to reach by certain deadlines and decide on steps to reach them They reevaluate their plans as conditions change and make adjustments as necessary
Organizing
Managers organize by bringing together physical human and financial resources to achieve objectives They identify activities to be accomplished classify activities assign activities to groups or individuals create responsibilities and delegate authority They then coordinate everything so operations run smoothly
Leading
Leading requires managers to motivate employees to achieve business objectives and goals It requires the use of authority to achieve those ends as well as the ability to communicate effectively Effective leaders can influence their personnel to view situations from their perspectives Leading also involves supervision of employees and their work
Controlling
Controlling involves measuring achievement against established objectives and goals It also requires managers to be able to identify sources of deviation from successful accomplishment and to provide a corrective course of action Managers first establish objectives and goals then measure achievements identify anything that is keeping the company from achieving their objectives and goals and provide means of correction if necessary
Staffing
Without human resources no organization can get off the ground let alone do business and make profits
Some distinct features of the staffing function are
• It puts the right man in the right job
• It is an ongoing activity As employees keep leaving and joining the company they also retire from time to time leaving empty places in various positions
• Efficiency is a prime focus of this function As managing people is the toughest job everything must be accounted for leaves payments benefits medical allowances social security accounting and much more
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Which of the following choice is involved in Planning
A1 Formulating objectives for a company and deciding steps to reach objectives
BMotivating employees to achieve objectives and deciding steps to reach objectives
CPredicting future economy and providing a corrective course of action
[单选题]◆Which of the following statements explains organizing in management process
AIdentifying objectives for groups or individuals
BCreating responsibilities to achieve objectives
CBringing resources together to achieve objectives
[单选题]◆What does Leading require managers to do
AInfluence employees
BControl employees
CSelect employees
[单选题]◆What does Controlling in management mean
AControlling objectives
BControlling process
CControlling resources
[单选题]◆Which of the following is the feature of the Staffing function
AIt prevents personnel flow and it will last a long time
BIt is a continuous activity and it requires efficiency
CIt requires lots of highquality human resources
首字母H
★How to Handle a Bad Performance Review
Getting a bad performance review can make you feel angry unappreciated defeated and hopeless But it’s not the end of the world Remember that the way you respond to this appraisal can make all the difference in the next one Even if you believe that the review is inaccurate and that your boss is completely wrong you will benefit by reacting in a mature adult manner Here are some suggestions
Stay calm Relax Breathe Do not overreact and be objective Especially do not say things that will likely be regretted later Besides the person giving the performance review may or may not be the one who has written the bad review
What to Do When Receiving a Bad Performance Review
It’s best to listen attentively And make comments or remarks only when asked for them Besides during the performance review you will be given the chance to respond and may disagree
What to Do After Receiving a Bad Performance Review
Don’t be intimidated by the bad performance review and want to quit the job instead learn from it Alsoif the organization allows their employees to make a written statement on their own behalf do make one It is important for the worker to show why she does not agree with the bed performance review for instancean employee may express their different understanding and at the same time a willingness to comply with any constructive suggestions
Ways to Improve a Bad Performance Review
A way to improve a bad performance review is to set selfreviews that is establish performance standards Another way to improve a bad review is to learn more about what the manager supervisor or boss wants or expects from hisher employees Learning what it was that caused a bad performance review helps to improve professional growth and encourages as well as motivates the worker to do better in order to receive a good review next time
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What should you do when you are given a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AArgue with your boss
BMake immediate remarks
CStay calm and listen carefully
[单选题]◆What should you do after you are given a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AQuit your job immediately
BInsist on making comments
CLearn from the review
[单选题]◆What should you do if you disagree with the bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATell the boss directly that you do not agree with the review
BMake a written statement on your own behalf if it is allowed
CDo not express your different understanding in a written statement
[单选题]◆How do you improve a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AUnderstand the established performance standards
BLearn more about what the employee wants or expects
CLearn what the person who gives the review may think
[单选题]◆Why should we understand the cause of a bad performance review(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ABecause it helps the employee to get promoted immediately
BBecause it encourages and motivates the worker to do better
CBecause it prevents the employee from professional growth
★Have you noticed the courage buried in the word encourageTo create a culture in which innovation flourishes takes courageDetermined innovators are always courageous enough to establish a culture in which innovation is greatly encouraged and rewardedHere are three ways to do that
Put innovation at the heart of strategyand persist it in every messageThink of innovation strategy as a pyramidbig bets at the topa few projects in development in the middleand a broad base of continuous improvementslasting contributionsand earlystage new ideas at the bottom
Define jobs around innovationMake it a job prerequisiteConsider 3M’s move to become one of the first companies to tell professionals that they could spend 15 percent of their time on projects of their own choosingNow many hightech companies know that they can’t get the best talent without providing this kind of flexibilityAnd some of those selfselectedselforganized projects might even result in a blockbuster product or line of businessFor 3Mit was the Postit note
Recognize innovation in every part of the companyTo build a culture of creativity and innovationGillette developed an innovation fair in which every unit could show off its most promising new conceptsIt shows that everyone has a role to play in a culture of innovation
To go from idea to successful innovation requires a great deal of support and collaborationWhen people are surrounded by constant communication and encouragementthey can find the courage to tryfailredoand try again
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What is necessary in creating an innovation culture
ACommunication
BCourage
CImitation
[单选题]◆How does 3M create its innovation culture
APut innovation at the heart of strategyand persist it in every message
BDefine jobs around innovation
CRecognize innovation in every part of the company
[单选题]◆The word prerequisite inMake it a job prerequisitemeans_______
Arequired as a prior condition
Bgoing after
Cprior to request
[单选题]◆The formation from idea to innovation needs_______
Adiscussion and revision
Bfailure and courage
Csupport and cooperation
[单选题]◆Which is NOT mentioned in the creation of innovation
APut innovation in the extremely key place of the strategy
BDevelop innovation in every part of the company
CPut innovation into effect
首字母I
★If there’s one word that captures the essence of what is occurring in the world todayit’schangeDownsizingreorganizingand cutting costsare now the norm for survivalNo industry is exemptEven the most conservative institutions are undergoing significant change just to survive
Change management has always been an issue of debate amongst scholarshow can employers create suitable conditions for a successful change processAnd what can employees do to get through it
Tips for dealing with change in the workplace
●Make yourself aware that change happensit happens in personal lifeit happens in your professional lifeYou can not live in the pastso denying that change could occur only makes things more complicated for you
●Stay alert in the workplaceknow what is happening around youWhen you come across clues that hint change is on the wayacknowledge them
●Maintain open communication channelsDon’t lay back and expect things to pass you by smoothlyYou need to get acquainted with the occurring changesSeek more details from your management and peers to for man accurate understanding of the matter transparent and honest about your fearsdealing with the unknown is often resented and dauntingMake the picture as clear as you can
●Assess yourselfChange is a time when one’s confidence about one’s skills and capabilities gets shakyRecognize your strengths and where you could bring them into playAt the same timestay aware of your developmental areas and work on improving those
●Don’t be stiffIt will make the change process much harder if you are rigid flexible enough to look at the different angles of the change and see where you could apply your existingskills and knowledgeand what news skills you need to acquire
●Stay optimisticKeep a positive attitude and don’t let yourself drown in uncertaintyInvolve yourself in the new processlocate yourself properly in the new scenarioAdjustYou can’t get to the top of Everest by jumping up the mountainYou get to the mountaintop by taking incremental stepsStep by stepyou get to the goalsays Robin Sharmaone of the world’s mostsoughtafter leadership and personal success experts
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Enterprises carryout downsizingreorganizing and cutting costs in order to_________
Asurvive
Bcut down on the number of workers
Creshuffle the organization
[单选题]◆No industry is exemptmeans_________
ANo industry is an example
BNo industry is an exception
CNot every industry can be exempted
[单选题]◆The following questions are often discussed among scholars EXCEPT_________
AHow can bosses create favorable conditions for change
BHow can productivity be increased
CWhat can workers do to get through change
[单选题]◆How many suggestions does the author put forward
A4
B5
C6
[单选题]◆From the passagewe know that Robin Sharma is _________
Aan expert on leadershipand personal success
Ba great leader
Csomeone who likes to play the game of Hide and Seek
★If there’s one word that captures the essence of what is occurring in the world todayit’schangeDownsizingreorganizingand cutting costsare now the norm for survivalNo industry is exemptEven the most conservative institutions are undergoing significant change just to survive
Change management has always been an issue of debate amongst scholarshow can employers create suitable conditions for a successful change processAnd what can employees do to get through it
Tips for dealing with change in the workplace
●Make yourself aware that change happensit happens in personal lifeit happens in your professional lifeYou can not live in the pastso denying that change could occur only makes things more complicated for you
●Stay alert in the workplaceknow what is happening around youWhen you come across clues that hint change is on the wayacknowledge them
●Maintain open communication channelsDon’t lay back and expect things to pass you by smoothlyYou need to get acquainted with the occurring changesSeek more details from your management and peers to for man accurate understanding of the matter transparent and honest about your fearsdealing with the unknown is often resented and dauntingMake the picture as clear as you can
●Assess yourselfChange is a time when one’s confidence about one’s skills and capabilities gets shakyRecognize your strengths and where you could bring them into playAt the same timestay aware of your developmental areas and work on improving those
●Don’t be stiffIt will make the change process much harder if you are rigid flexible enough to look at the different angles of the change and see where you could apply your existingskills and knowledgeand what news skills you need to acquire
●Stay optimisticKeep a positive attitude and don’t let yourself drown in uncertaintyInvolve yourself in the new processlocate yourself properly in the new scenarioAdjustYou can’t get to the top of Everest by jumping up the mountainYou get to the mountaintop by taking incremental stepsStep by stepyou get to the goalsays Robin Sharmaone of the world’s mostsoughtafter leadership and personal success experts
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Enterprises carryout downsizingreorganizing and cutting costs in order to_________
Acut down on the number of workers
Breshuffle the organization
Csurvive
[单选题]◆No industry is exemptmeans_________
ANo industry is an exception
BNo industry is an example
CNot every industry can be exempted
[单选题]◆The following questions are often discussed among scholars EXCEPT_________
AHow can bosses create favorable conditions for change
BHow can productivity be increased
CWhat can workers do to get through change
[单选题]◆How many suggestions does the author put forward
A4
B5
C6
[单选题]◆From the passagewe know that Robin Sharma is_________
Aan expert on leadershipand personal success
Ba great leader
Csomeone who likes to play the game of Hide and Seek
★In 1916a French coalmine director named Henri Fayol wrote a book entitled Administration Industrielle et Generalewhich set forth five distinct functions of managing that Fayol insisted were applicable in any industryIn the 1950’smanagement textbooks began to incorporate some of a Fayol’s ideas into their contentand todaymanagement courses still use many of his ideas to teach management to business students
Planning
Planning involves deciding where to take a company and selecting steps to get thereIt first requires managers to be aware of challenges facing their businessesand then it requires managers to forecast future business and economic conditionsThey then formulate objectives to reach by certain deadlines and decide on steps to reach themThey reevaluate their plans as conditions change and make adjustments as necessary
Organizing
Managers organize by bringing together physicalhuman and financial resources to achieve objectivesThey identify activities to be accomplishedclassify activitiesassign activities to groups or individualscreate responsibilities and delegate authorityThey then coordinate everything so operations run smoothly
Leading
Leading requires managers to motivate employees to achieve business objectives and goalsIt requires the use of authority to achieve those ends as well as the ability to communicate effectivelyEffective leaders can influence their personnel to view situations from their perspectivesLeading also involves supervision of employees and their work
Controlling
Controlling involves measuring achievement against established objectives and goalsIt also requires managers to be able to identify sources of deviation from successful accomplishment and to provide a corrective course of actionManagers first establish objectives and goalsthen measure achievementsidentify anything that is keeping the company from achieving their objectives and goalsand provide means of correction if necessary
Staffing
Without human resourcesno organization can get off the groundlet alone do business and make profitsSome distinct features of the staffing function are：
●It puts the right man in the right job
●It is an ongoing activity as employees keep leaving and joining the companythey also retire from time to time leaving empty places in various positions
●Efficiency is a prime focus of this function as managing people is the toughest job there iseverything must be accounted forleavespaymentsbenefitsmedical allowancessocial security accounting and much more
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆Which of the following choice is involved in Planning
A1 Formulating objectives for a company and deciding steps to reach objectives
BMotivating employees to achieve objectives and deciding steps to reach objectives
CPredicting future economy and providing a corrective course of action
[单选题]◆Which of the following statements explains organizing in management process
AIdentifying objectives for groups or individuals
BCreating responsibilities to achieve objectives
CBringing resources together to achieve objectives
[单选题]◆What does Leading require managers to do
AInfluence employees
BControl employees
CSelect employees
[单选题]◆What does Controlling in management mean
AControlling objectives
BControlling process
CControlling resources
[单选题]◆Which of the following is the feature of the Staffing function
AIt prevents personnel flow and it will last a long time
BIt is a continuous activity and it requires efficiency
CIt requires lots of highquality human resources
首字母J
Organizational Culture and Its Functions
★Just as individuals have personalities so too do organizations
Individuals have relatively enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviorsOrganizations like people can be characterized as for example rigid friendly warm innovative or conservativeThese traits in turn can be used to predict attitudes and behaviors of the people within these organizations
The culture of any organization although it may be hard to measure precisely nevertheless exists and is generally recognized by its employeesOrganizations have cultures that govern how members behaveOrganizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizationsIt is a set of key characteristics that the organization valuesThere are seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization’s cultureThey are innovation and risk taking attention to details outcome orientation people orientation team orientation aggressiveness and stabilityAppraising the organization on these seven characteristics gives a composite picture of the organization’s cultureThis picture becomes the basis for feelings of shared understanding that members have about the organization how things are done in it and the way members are supposed to behave
Culture performs a number of functions within an organizationFirst it creates distinctions between one organization and othersSecond it conveys a sense of identity for organization membersThird culture facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger than one’s individual self interestFourth it enhances the stability of the social systemFinally culture serves as a sense making and control mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behaviors of employees
The role of culture in influencing employee behaviors appears to be increasingly important in today’s workplaceWho receives a job offer to join the organization who is appraised as a high performer and who gets a promotion are strongly influenced by the individualorganization fit
It is not a coincidence that employees at Disney theme parks appear to be almost universally attractive clean and wholesome looking with bright smilesAnd once on the job a strong culture supported by formal rules and regulations ensures that Disney theme park employees will act in a relatively uniform and predictable way
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆How many characteristics does an organization’s culture primarily contain(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A3
B5
C7
[单选题]◆How many functions does the culture perform within an organization(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A7
B6
C5
[单选题]◆What does the wordfitin the last paragraph mean(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AMatch
BHealthy
CIllness
[单选题]◆What is the first function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo become the basis for shared understanding
BTo distinguish one organization from another
CTo capture the essence of an organization
[单选题]◆What is the third function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo help make employees more creative in their work
BTo help make employees more obedient in their behaviors
CTo help make employees more committed to the organization
首字母O
★Organizational Culture and Its Functions
Just as individuals have personalities so too do organizations
Individuals have relatively enduring and stable traits that help us predict their attitudes and behaviorsOrganizations like people can be characterized as for example rigid friendly warm innovative or conservativeThese traits in turn can be used to predict attitudes and behaviors of the people within these organizations
The culture of any organization although it may be hard to measure precisely nevertheless exists and is generally recognized by its employeesOrganizations have cultures that govern how members behaveOrganizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizationsIt is a set of key characteristics that the organization valuesThere are seven primary characteristics that capture the essence of an organization’s cultureThey are innovation and risk taking attention to details outcome orientation people orientation team orientation aggressiveness and stabilityAppraising the organization on these seven characteristics gives a composite picture of the organization’s cultureThis picture becomes the basis for feelings of shared understanding that members have about the organization how things are done in it and the way members are supposed to behave
Culture performs a number of functions within an organizationFirst it creates distinctions between one organization and othersSecond it conveys a sense of identity for organization membersThird culture facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger than one’s individual self interestFourth it enhances the stability of the social systemFinally culture serves as a sense making and control mechanism that guides and shapes the attitudes and behaviors of employees
The role of culture in influencing employee behaviors appears to be increasingly important in today’s workplaceWho receives a job offer to join the organization who is appraised as a high performer and who gets a promotion are strongly influenced by the individualorganization fit
It is not a coincidence that employees at Disney theme parks appear to be almost universally attractive clean and wholesome looking with bright smilesAnd once on the job a strong culture supported by formal rules and regulations ensures that Disney theme park employees will act in a relatively uniform and predictable way
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[单选题]◆How many characteristics does an organization’s culture primarily contain(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A3
B5
C7
[单选题]◆How many functions does the culture perform within an organization(红色字体题正确答案选项)
A7
B6
C5
[单选题]◆What does the wordfitin the last paragraph mean(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AMatch
BHealthy
CIllness
[单选题]◆What is the first function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo become the basis for shared understanding
BTo distinguish one organization from another
CTo capture the essence of an organization
[单选题]◆What is the third function of organizational culture(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo help make employees more creative in their work
BTo help make employees more obedient in their behaviors
CTo help make employees more committed to the organization
首字母P
★Project managers are change agents they make project goals their own and use their skills and expertise to inspire a sense of shared purpose within the project team They enjoy new challenges and the responsibility of driving business results
They work well under pressure and are comfortable with change and complexity in dynamic environments They can shift readily between thebig pictureand the smallbutcrucial details knowing when to concentrate on each
Project managers cultivate the people skills needed to develop trust and communication among all of a project’s stakeholders its sponsors those who will make use of the project’s results those who command the resources needed and the project team members
They have a broad and flexible toolkit of techniques resolving complexinterdependent activities into tasks and subtasks that are documented monitored and controlled They adapt their approach to the context and constraints of each project knowing that noone sizecan fit all the variety of projects And they are always improving their own and their teams’ skills through lessonslearned reviews at project completion
Project managers are found in every kind of organizationas employees managers contractors and independent consultants With experience they may become program managers (responsible for multiple related projects) or portfolio managers (responsible for selection prioritization and alignment of projects and programs with an organization’s strategy)
And they are in increasing demand worldwide For decades as the pace of economic and technological change has quickened organizations have been directing more and more of their energy into projects rather than routine operations
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[单选题]◆Which of the following is NOT enjoyed by project managers
AChallenges
BResponsibility
CStatus quo
[单选题]◆Which Of The Following is NOT concerned by project managers
AThe overall situation
BThe noncrucialdetails
CThe crucial details
[单选题]◆Which of the following is a TRUE statement about project managers
AThey do not need to keep contact with all of a project’s stakeholders
BThey use one model to solve problems in various projects
CThey improve their skills after completion of each project
[单选题]◆Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a career possibility for experienced project manager
ABecoming general manager of an organization
BRunning several projects at the same time
CAllocating projects to other project managers
[单选题]◆Which of the following can be an alternative title for the passage
ARequirements of project managers
BFuture development of project managers
CCareer development of project managers
首字母T
★The meaning of communication goes a lot deeper than people often thinkCommunication is about conceiving sending receiving and interpreting messages as well as confirming reception of these messagesA failure at any point in this chain can result in ineffective communication
Ineffective communication can be disastrousThere is a famous story of a British Army Commander who sent the message Send reinforcements we’re going to advance back to his Command Center through a long chain of subordinatesWhen the message finally reached the Command Center it had mutated to become Send three and fourpence we’re going to a dance The reinforcements never arrived
You can demonstrate this same principle albeit on a less dramatic scale by trying to play Chinese Whispers with more than 20 peopleIt is highly unlikely the same message you started with will be the one you end with
In a business there are three main types of communication failureEach has its own indicative signs
•The first type is known as allocative failureThis occurs when a firm is not gathering enough intelligence about its market or (most often) the information is not reaching the right pointsThe firm will not be allocating resources in step with the shifts in demandIf demand is rising but the firm is suffering from allocative communication failure then stocks will fall and there will be under staffingIf the inverse happens there will be a surplus of stocks and over staffing
•The second type is executive failure where communication to trigger specific eventsactions is either late lacking or in errorThe symptoms of this are a general loss of direction in the company or departments a loss of coordination and an increase in complaints from customers as things happen late or not at all
•The final type is human failureThis occurs when the general culture of a business or the relationships between particular individuals or departments do not foster effective communicationThis leads to alienated staff an increase in staff turnover an increase in absenteeism and general frustration among staffCreativity especially that which takes place across departmental boundaries is likely to suffer hugely as team synergy slips
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[单选题]◆What does the phrase confirming reception of the sent messages mean in Paragraph 1(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ATo make sure that the messages are sent to the right receivers
BTo make sure that the messages are fully understood
CTo make sure that the messages are correctly understood by the right receivers
[单选题]◆In the famous British Army Commander story which step probably was right in the communication chain(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AConceiving
BSending
CReceiving
[单选题]◆What is Chinese whispers(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AWho whispers in Chinese
BA game to pass messages around in a whisper
CChinese people who don’t normally talk very loudly
[单选题]◆When doesallocative successhappen(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AThe right information goes to the right place
BA company gathers information from under staffing departments
CThe correct information will be sent by the right department
[单选题]◆According to the last paragraph what result will be caused by human failure(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AIncreasing creativity across departments
BInadequate communication between departments
CIncreasing customer complaints
★Teamwork is extremely important for the success of a company
Teamwork Multiplies Success Teamwork has often been described as one plus one equals threeOn teams people can work together and accomplish much more than they could by themselvesYour company can also accomplish great things when everyone is working together toward a common goal
Teamwork Makes the Job Easier Employees now specialize in areas and contribute to the team through the work they produce
By specializing in areas like merchandising or accounting they become more expert at their tasks and make your team more effective as a resultWorking in teams also teaches your associates to work together more effectively and frequently
The new ways of doing things are discovered by team members working together to solve a problem
Teamwork Maximizes Strengths and Reduces Weaknesses Individual weaknesses can be minimized through the efforts of the teamIn your company you place your people where their strengths can be best used
Weaknesses can be reduced when your people concentrate on their areas of strengthTeamwork Makes Work Fun Work is more fun when you are a part of a teamYou can build on other peoples ideas and share in completing the assignment togetherYou also have another pair of eyes to look at the work which further reduces mistakesStudies have also shown that laughter and fun reduce stress which can also in crease effectiveness on the jobTeams that enjoy working together can accomplish great things for your company
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[单选题]◆What’s function of the phrase one plus one equals therein Para2
B It tries to explains that working in a teamwork is better than working individually
[单选题]◆The word associatescan probably be replaced by the word in the sentence working in teams also teaches your associates to work together…in para3
Ccolleagues
[单选题]◆Which of the following statements is TREUE according to the passage
Apersonal shortcomings can be reduced through the efforts of the whole team
[单选题]◆which of the following statements is FLASE according to the passage
CWorking in a team you must be careless because you know somebody can help you
[单选题]◆What’s the best title for this passage
BThe importance of teamwork
★The employee and the supervisor are clear about the employee’s goals required outcomes or outputs and how the success of the contributions will be assessed The goal in employee evaluation is to motivate a high level of quality and quantity in the work that the employee produces
The goals of the best employee performance evaluations also include employee development and organizational improvement The employee performance evaluation helps employees accomplish both personal development and organizational goals The act of writing down the goals takes the employee one step closer to accomplishing them
In the event that an employee is not succeeding or improving his job performance the performance evaluation documentation can be used to develop a Performance Improvement Plan
This plan provides more detailed goals with more frequent feedback to an employee who is struggling to perform The goal of a PIP is the improvement of the employee’s performance but nonperformance can lead to disciplinary action up to and including employment termination
In many organizations numeric rankings are used to compare an employee’s performance with the performance of other employees Numeric ratings are frequent components of these systems too
No matter how fair and nondiscriminatory these ratings are made to appear through the endless establishment of criteria for rating and they boil down to the manager’s opinion of an employee’s performance This is why numeric components in an employee performance evaluation process are not recommended
特提醒：题5题需拉动答题框右边滚动条5试题显示出做答
[单选题]◆What is the goal in employee evaluation
ATo motivate outcomes of the employee
BTo punish inabilities of the employee
CTo reduce costs of the employee
[单选题]◆What is NOT the goal of the best employee performance evaluation
AEmployee development
BOrganization improvement
CEmployment termination
[单选题]◆What does PIP in Para 6 stand for
APersonal Improvement Plan
BPerformance Improvement Plan
CPromotion Improvement Plan
[单选题]◆What is the goal of PIP
ATo improve the employee’s performance
BTo protect both the employee and the employer
CTo create accurate appraisal documentation
[单选题]◆What is the purpose of numeric rankings
ATo perform consistent regular nondiscriminatory employee performance evaluations
BTo ensure equitable measurement of an employee’s contribution
CTo compare an employee’s performance with the performance of other employees
首字母W
★Working for Google is a dream of many not just because of what this company has achieved in the last 15 years but because of its enviable work culture With about 37000 employees in 40 countries you might wonder how Google maintains a motivating work experience throughout its entire company
Working for Google comes with perks that most other organizations can’t providebowling alleys free haircuts gym memberships and shuttles to and from work The company’s secret to success is putting the same amount of time and effort into keeping employees happy as it does into innovating products
Back when the company was just a startup cofounders Larry Page and Sergey Brin had the goal of making Google a place the most talented people wanted to work at Their idea was simple creating a work culture that keeps employees happy will motivate them to do their best and will keep them loyal to the company
It’s less about the aspiration to be No 1 in the world and more that we want our employees and future ones to love it here because that’s what’s going to make us successful said Karen May the Vice President of people development at Google
Google also makes its employees want to work because managers provide tasks that are inspiring and challenging Every employee at Google has the opportunity to spend 20 of his or her working time on a project they choose This freedom takes employees out of their routine and away from the mundane tasks that often make workers feel uninspired about their jobs
Lastly Google shows each employee just how important he or she is to the company Each employee regardless of her spot on the totem pole has an influence on how Google performs
If you value people and care about them as whole people one thing you do is giving them a voice and you really listen May said
Google does just that by hosting employee forums every Friday where they discuss the 20 mostasked questions Employees have access to all company information adding a sense of trust and employees and leaders work together to solve problems
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[单选题]◆How would you describe Google(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AMediumsized international company
BLarge global enterprises
CLarge Chinese company
[单选题]◆Which of the following belongs to the methods that Google motivates its employees(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AProviding haircuts at a discounted price
BShuttling the founders between home and office
COffering entertaining equipment in the workplace
[单选题]◆Who founded Google(红色字体题正确答案选项)
ALarry Page and Sergey Brin
BKaren May and Larry Page
CSergey Brin and Karen May
[单选题]◆What can we learn from this passage(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AGoogle employees don’t want to work because the tasks are boring
BGoogle employees have no chance to work on the project they choose
CGoogle employees have the chance to get away from mundane errands
[单选题]◆What is Google’s secret to success(红色字体题正确答案选项)
AInnovating hitech products
BPaying high salaries to the employees and practicing strict management
CValuing the happiness of its employees as well as innovating good products
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