初中英语语法
——代词
．代词分类
称代词
物代词
反身代词
定代词
指示代词
疑问代词
称代词：
称代词代事物名称分格宾格两种形式
第称单数
第二
称单数
第三称单数
第称复数
第二称复数
第三称复数
阳性
阴性
中性
格
I
()
you
()
he
()
she
()
it
()
we
()
you
()
they
()
宾
格
me
()
You
()
him
()
her
()
it
()
us
()
you
()
them
()
1 称代词作语时格作宾语时宾格
They(语) all like him（宾语） very much
喜欢
She（语） gave the books to you and me（宾语）
书送
2 称代词作表语时宾格
——Who’s knocking at the door
——It’s me
谁敲门？
3 称代词列时序 第二称第三称第称
You she and I all enjoy the music
喜欢音乐
4 she代表国家船月亮等
We love our motherland we hope she’ll be stronger and bigger
热爱祖国希更强
The ship is leaving She’s on her first trip to Boston
轮船起航第次波士顿
5 it作称代词时表示天气距离时间环境等
——What’ the weather like today
——It’s windy
天天气样？ 风
It’s about five minutes’walk from home to school
家学校路程约5分钟
6 it作形式语定式动名词等构成语移句子显稳
It’s hard to reach the apples
难够苹果
It’s good for you taking a walk after supper
说饭散步处
物代词
形容词性 名词性
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its
our ours
your yours
their theirs
1 形容词性物代词句中作定语
My brother is a worker
弟弟工
His parents are very friendly
父母非常友善
3 形容词性物代词名词性物代词关系：
形容词性物代词+名词名词性物代词
注意：名词性物代词句中指代关系单数复数
These books aren't ours Ours are new
(our books ours)
This is not our room Ours is over there
(our room ours)
4 of +名词性物代词表示属
A sister of his is a nurse
妹妹护士
Tom is a friend of mine
朋友
反身代词
单数
myself yourself himself herself itself
复数
ourselves yourselves themselves
1 反身代词句中作宾语表语位语
He thinks more of others than of himself宾语
想想更
That poor boy was myself表语
怜孩子
He himself 位语was a doctor
夫
I myself 位语can work the problem out
亲算出道题
2 反身代词常见搭配
enjoy oneself have a good time
by oneself alone
help oneself to…
learn sth by oneself teach oneself sth
注意： oneself 单复数分
* I enjoy myself
* Children help yourselves to some fish
定代词
指明代特定名词（形容词）代词
all each every both either neither
none one little few many much
other another some any no
some any no every 等构成合成代词
组法容易混淆定代词
1 someany
some（某）般肯定句中
There are some flowers in front of the house
any（）疑问句否定句
Do you have any picturebooks
注意：some时表示请求征求意见疑问句中
Would you like some meat
想肉？
May I ask some questions
问问题？
Could I have some apples
吃苹果？
Will you give me some water
水？
2 manymuch
many 修饰指代复数名词
There are many eggs in the basket
Many of us like playing games
much 修饰指代数名词
He doesn’t know much English
3 anotherother
another 泛指三三中
I don’t want this coat Please show me another
other 面接名词泛指
Do you have any other questions
4 the other others the others the other
1 特指两中
He has two sons One is a worker the other is a doctor表示两
2 修饰名词特指
Tom likes swimming and the other（作定语） boys in his class like swimming too
others泛指物般三者
He often helps others
Some are playing basketball others are playing football固定搭配表示
the others 特指确定范围剩全部物
There are fifty students in our class Twenty of them are girls the others are boys
5 fewa fewlittlea little
fewa few 修饰数名词
littlea little 修饰数名词
few little 表示否定意义 译没没少
a few a little 表示肯定意义 译点
6 everyeach
every＋单数名词表示强调性整体作定语形式单数of 连
Every child likes playing games
each 表示强调性作定语语宾语位语常of 连
Each student was asked to try again
Each of them has a nice skirt
7 allnone
all (全部) 表示三者三者作位语时般放连系动词助动词行动词前
We are all from Canada
They all like English
none 没表示三者三者常介词of（谓语动词单复数均）
None of us isare afraid of dogs
8 botheitherneither
both （两者）作语时作复数作定语时名词复数
My parents are both teachers
Both of my parents are teachers
neither (两者)含否定意义作语时谓语第三称单数 作定语时名词单数
Neither answer is right
either 两者中作语时谓语第三称单数 作定语时名词单数
There are trees on either side of the street
There are trees on both sides of the street
关词组应
both ofeither ofneither of
Both of them swim well
俩游
Either of you goes to Beijing
俩便谁北京
Neither of them stopped to have a rest
俩谁停休息
both…and（谓语动词复数形式）
either…orneither…nor(谓语动词遵循原)
Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two
Tom Lucy 二年级
Either my father or my mother cooks at home
者爸爸者妈妈家烧饭
Neither he nor I am free today
天没空
9 Somethinganythingnothing
Somebodyanybodynobody
形容词修饰定代词时常置
I have something important to tell you
Is there anything else in the box
Nobody can answer the question
指示代词
表示空间时间远关系代词 包括thisthat (单数) thesethose (复数)
1 this these指方位较物
that those指方位较远物
This is my shirt that’s yours
These TVs are made in China those are made in Japan
2 that those常指前面提东西免重复
*These boxes are heavier than those on the desk
3 刚提事情英文中that
*He was ill yesterday I’m sorry to hear that
疑问代词
构成特殊疑问句代词
常见：who whom whose what which 通常做语\宾语\定语\表语
What makes you think like that \做语\
Who (Whom) were you talking with \做宾语\
Which bus do I need \做定语\
What’s your father \做表语\
注意：口语中WhoWhom通 介词Whom
With whom did he play games
With who did he play games(错)
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——代词
．代词分类
称代词
物代词
反身代词
定代词
指示代词
疑问代词
称代词：
称代词代事物名称分格宾格两种形式
第称单数
第二
称单数
第三称单数
第称复数
第二称复数
第三称复数
阳性
阴性
中性
格
I
()
you
()
he
()
she
()
it
()
we
()
you
()
they
()
宾
格
me
()
You
()
him
()
her
()
it
()
us
()
you
()
them
()
1 称代词作语时格作宾语时宾格
They(语) all like him（宾语） very much
喜欢
She（语） gave the books to you and me（宾语）
书送
2 称代词作表语时宾格
——Who’s knocking at the door
——It’s me
谁敲门？
3 称代词列时序 第二称第三称第称
You she and I all enjoy the music
喜欢音乐
4 she代表国家船月亮等
We love our motherland we hope she’ll be stronger and bigger
热爱祖国希更强
The ship is leaving She’s on her first trip to Boston
轮船起航第次波士顿
5 it作称代词时表示天气距离时间环境等
——What’ the weather like today
——It’s windy
天天气样？ 风
It’s about five minutes’walk from home to school
家学校路程约5分钟
6 it作形式语定式动名词等构成语移句子显稳
It’s hard to reach the apples
难够苹果
It’s good for you taking a walk after supper
说饭散步处
物代词
形容词性 名词性
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its
our ours
your yours
their theirs
1 形容词性物代词句中作定语
My brother is a worker
弟弟工
His parents are very friendly
父母非常友善
3 形容词性物代词名词性物代词关系：
形容词性物代词+名词名词性物代词
注意：名词性物代词句中指代关系单数复数
These books aren't ours Ours are new
(our books ours)
This is not our room Ours is over there
(our room ours)
4 of +名词性物代词表示属
A sister of his is a nurse
妹妹护士
Tom is a friend of mine
朋友
反身代词
单数
myself yourself himself herself itself
复数
ourselves yourselves themselves
1 反身代词句中作宾语表语位语
He thinks more of others than of himself宾语
想想更
That poor boy was myself表语
怜孩子
He himself 位语was a doctor
夫
I myself 位语can work the problem out
亲算出道题
2 反身代词常见搭配
enjoy oneself have a good time
by oneself alone
help oneself to…
learn sth by oneself teach oneself sth
注意： oneself 单复数分
* I enjoy myself
* Children help yourselves to some fish
定代词
指明代特定名词（形容词）代词
all each every both either neither
none one little few many much
other another some any no
some any no every 等构成合成代词
组法容易混淆定代词
1 someany
some（某）般肯定句中
There are some flowers in front of the house
any（）疑问句否定句
Do you have any picturebooks
注意：some时表示请求征求意见疑问句中
Would you like some meat
想肉？
May I ask some questions
问问题？
Could I have some apples
吃苹果？
Will you give me some water
水？
2 manymuch
many 修饰指代复数名词
There are many eggs in the basket
Many of us like playing games
much 修饰指代数名词
He doesn’t know much English
3 anotherother
another 泛指三三中
I don’t want this coat Please show me another
other 面接名词泛指
Do you have any other questions
4 the other others the others the other
1 特指两中
He has two sons One is a worker the other is a doctor表示两
2 修饰名词特指
Tom likes swimming and the other（作定语） boys in his class like swimming too
others泛指物般三者
He often helps others
Some are playing basketball others are playing football固定搭配表示
the others 特指确定范围剩全部物
There are fifty students in our class Twenty of them are girls the others are boys
5 fewa fewlittlea little
fewa few 修饰数名词
littlea little 修饰数名词
few little 表示否定意义 译没没少
a few a little 表示肯定意义 译点
6 everyeach
every＋单数名词表示强调性整体作定语形式单数of 连
Every child likes playing games
each 表示强调性作定语语宾语位语常of 连
Each student was asked to try again
Each of them has a nice skirt
7 allnone
all (全部) 表示三者三者作位语时般放连系动词助动词行动词前
We are all from Canada
They all like English
none 没表示三者三者常介词of（谓语动词单复数均）
None of us isare afraid of dogs
8 botheitherneither
both （两者）作语时作复数作定语时名词复数
My parents are both teachers
Both of my parents are teachers
neither (两者)含否定意义作语时谓语第三称单数 作定语时名词单数
Neither answer is right
either 两者中作语时谓语第三称单数 作定语时名词单数
There are trees on either side of the street
There are trees on both sides of the street
关词组应
both ofeither ofneither of
Both of them swim well
俩游
Either of you goes to Beijing
俩便谁北京
Neither of them stopped to have a rest
俩谁停休息
both…and（谓语动词复数形式）
either…orneither…nor(谓语动词遵循原)
Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two
Tom Lucy 二年级
Either my father or my mother cooks at home
者爸爸者妈妈家烧饭
Neither he nor I am free today
天没空
9 Somethinganythingnothing
Somebodyanybodynobody
形容词修饰定代词时常置
I have something important to tell you
Is there anything else in the box
Nobody can answer the question
指示代词
表示空间时间远关系代词 包括thisthat (单数) thesethose (复数)
1 this these指方位较物
that those指方位较远物
This is my shirt that’s yours
These TVs are made in China those are made in Japan
2 that those常指前面提东西免重复
*These boxes are heavier than those on the desk
3 刚提事情英文中that
*He was ill yesterday I’m sorry to hear that
疑问代词
构成特殊疑问句代词
常见：who whom whose what which 通常做语\宾语\定语\表语
What makes you think like that \做语\
Who (Whom) were you talking with \做宾语\
Which bus do I need \做定语\
What’s your father \做表语\
注意：口语中WhoWhom通 介词Whom
With whom did he play games
With who did he play games(错)
文香网httpwwwxiangdangnet
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
该内容是文档的文本内容，更好的格式请下载文档