济金融术语汉英表
A
安全网 safety net
口径 on comparable basis
轻重缓急 to prioritize
暗补 implicit subsidy
暗亏 hidden loss
B
颁发营业执 to licenseto grant a licence to
办理存款业务 to take deposits
保护农民生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce
备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves
外币账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts
外币操作 sterilization operation
位利益 localized interestdepartmentalism
奔康 to strive to prosperto strive to become welltodo
避税（请见逃税） tax avoidance
币种搭配 currency mismatch
币种构成 currency composition
变相社会集资 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising
表外科目（业务） offbalancesheet items（operation）
薄弱环节 weaknessesloopholes
变成 fixed cost
变价 at constant pricein real terms
动产 real estate
良贷款（资产） problem loansnonperforming loans（assets）
C
财务公司 finance companies
财政赤字 fiscal deficit
财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）
财政政策货币政策配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies
采取循序渐进方法 in a phased and sequenced manner
操作弹性 operational flexibility
操汇率 to manipulate exchange rate
产品构成 product compositionproduct mix
产品积压 stock pileexcessive inventory
产销率 current period inventory（期库存含前期库存）salesoutput ratio
产销衔接 marketability
产业政策 industrial policy
长期国债 treasury bonds
敞口头寸 open position
炒股 to speculate in the stock market
承购包销 underwrite（securities）
成套机电产品 complete sets of equipmentcomplete plant（s）
城市信社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）
城市合作银行 urban cooperative banksmunicipal united banks
城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks
城乡居民收入增长超物价涨幅 real growth in household income
持续升温 persistent overheating
重复布点 duplicate projects
重置成 replacement cost
重组计划 restructuring plan
筹资渠道 funding sourcesfinancing channels
初见成效 initial success
出口统理口营 canalization of exports
出口退税 export tax rebate
储蓄存款 household deposits（完全等西方savingsdeposits前者包括活期存款者包括）
储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits
储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings
传导机制 transmission mechanism
价税 ad valorem tax
紧控制 tight control
存贷款例 loandeposit ratio
存款保险体系 deposit insurance system
存款货币银行 deposit money banks
存款准备金 required reserves
D
白条 issue IOU
额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）
额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
面积滑坡 widespread decline
统银行体制 （allinone）monobank system
呆账（请见坏账） bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 nonperforming loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额理 credit controlto impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 earmarked loans
倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
区差 regional disparity
第产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industrythe tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国（请见母国） host country
独立核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
操作 sterilization operationhedging
非金融部门债权 claims on nonfinancial sector
种制形式 diversified ownership
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market
F
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reservesreserve requirement
法股 institutional shares
法股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 offsite surveillance（or monitoring）
非银行金融机构 nonbank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 nonprofit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxestax assignment system
分业营 segregation of financial business（services）division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure
风险理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资例 riskweighted capital ratios
风险资标准 riskbased capital standard
服务事业收入 public service chargesuser's charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
复式预算制 doubleentry budgetingcapital and current budgetary account
G
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
股 noninstitutional shares
根扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公开市场操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公事业 public utilities
公济 the stateowned sectorthe public sector
公制 public ownership
工业成利润率 profittocost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供求 supply exceeding demandexcessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 jointequity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 jointequity enterprises
股份制银行 jointequity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentivespreferential tariff treatment
规范行 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood
国家支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国独资商业银行 wholly stateowned commercial banks
国济（部门） the stateowned（or public）sector
国企业 stateowned enterprises（SOEs）
国制 stateownership
国资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债级营商 primary underwriters of government securities
度竞争 excessive competition
度膨胀 excessive expansion
热迹象 signs of overheating
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资 core capital
合资企业 jointventure enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观济运营良 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观济基状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
坏账 bad debt
付息 debt service
换汇成 unit export costlocal currency cost of export earnings
汇兑途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
汇率轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合制 diversified（mixed）ownership
货币政策态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
J
基建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基济素 economic fundamentals
基适度 broadly appropriate
基准利率 benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款 deposits of nonprofit institutions
机会成 opportunity cost
激励机制 incentive mechanism
积压严重 heavy stockpileexcessive inventory
挤提存款 run on banks
挤占挪 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）
技改投资 investment in technological upgrading
技术密集型产品 technologyintensive product
计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status
计划济 planned economy
集体济 the collective sector
加结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工贸易 processing trade
加快态势 accelerating trend
加强税收征稽查 to enhance tax administration
加权价 weighted average price
价格放开 price liberalization
价格形成机制 pricing mechanism
减亏 to reduce losses
简化手续 to cut red tapeto simplify（streamline）procedures
交投活跃 brisk trading
缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves
结构扭曲 structural distortion
结构失调 structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）
结汇售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融动荡 financial turbulence
金融风波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危机 financial crisis
金融压抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融诈骗 financial fraud
紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy
紧缩政策 austerity policiestight financial policies
常账户兑换 current account convertibility
济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）
济体制改革 economic reform
济增长方式转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）
济增长减速 economic slowdownmoderation in economic growth
济制裁 economic sanction
营权 autonomy in management
景气回升 recovery in business activity
境外投资 overseas investment
竞争加剧 intensifying competition
局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance
K
开办民币业务 to engage in RMB business
维持（持续）济增长 sustainable economic growth
变成 variable cost
兑换货币 freely convertible currency
控制现金投放 control currency issuance
扣物价素 in real termson inflationadjusted basis
库存产品 inventory
跨国银行业务 crossborder banking
跨年度采购 crossyear procurement
会计准 accounting standard
L
料加工 processing of imported materials for export
离岸银行业务 offshore banking（business）
理外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠杆调节作 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利润驱动 profitdriven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
联行清算 interbank settlement
连锁企业 franchise（businesses）chain businesses
良性循环 virtuous cycle
两极分化 growing income disparitypolarization in income distribution
零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）
流动性例 liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款 working capital loans
流通体制 distribution system
流通网络 distribution network
留购（租赁期满时承租购买租赁物） hire purchase
垄断行业 monopolized industry（sector）
乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising
乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges
乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）levies
M
买方市场 buyer's market
卖方市场 seller's market
卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo
贸易差额 trade balance
民间信 noninstitutionalized credit
免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50 tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明补 explicit subsidy
明亏 explicit loss
名牌产品 brand products
母国（请见东道国） home country
N
部控制 internal control
部审计 internal audit
香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
债 domestic debt
扭亏盈 to turn a lossmaking enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
农村信社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效应 bubble effect
泡沫济 bubble economy
培育新济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
衡发展 balanced development
瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）
稳回升 steady recovery
铺底流动资金 initial（startup）working capital
普遍回升 broadbased recovery
配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套民币资金 local currency funding of…
Q
企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企业集团战略 corporate group strategy
企业兼重组 company merger and restructuring
企业领导班子 enterprise management
企业税 enterprise（corporate）income tax
企业效益 corporate profitability
企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠税 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
强化税收征 to strengthen tax administration
强制措施 enforcement action
翘尾素 carryover effect
切刀 partial application
清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans
（破产）清算 liquidation
倾斜政策 preferential policy
区 differential treatment
趋势加强 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
权益回报率 returns on equity（ROE）
缺乏劲 unsustainable momentum
R
绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling
均国生产总值 per capita GDP
均收入 per capita income
民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）
认缴资 subscribed capital
软贷款 soft loans
软预算约束 soft budget constraint
软着陆 soft landing
S
三角债 chain debtsinterenterprise arrears
善政廉政 good governance
商业贷款 commercial loans
市公司 （publicly）listed corporations
设备利 capacity utilization
社会保障 social safety netsocial security（insurance）
深层次矛盾 deeprooted structural imbalance
审批金融机构 to license financial institutions
审慎监 prudential supervision
生产力闲置 unutilized capacity
生息资产 interestbearing assets
实际利外资 disbursement of foreign capitalactual inflow of foreign investment
实际效汇率 real effective exchange rate
实时 real time
实收资 paidin capital
实现利润 realized profit
市场分割 market segmentation
市场济 market economy
市场占率（市场份额） market share
市场准入 market access（指商品劳务进入）market entry（指机构审批）
市价总值 market capitalization
适度紧 appropriately tight
适时调节 timely adjustment
收回金融机构贷款 to recall central bank loans （to financial institutions）
税贷 amortization（repayment of loans）after tax
税收流失 tax erosion
税源足 weak tax base
私营济（私济） the private sector
私制 private ownership
者权益 owner's equity
T
逃税（请见避税） tax evasion
套汇 （1）指合法：currency swaparbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange
剔季节性素 seasonally adjusted
调节流动性 to influence liquidity level
贴现窗口 discount window
on yearonyear basisover the same period of the previous year
业拆（放） interbank borrowing（lending）
业拆市场利率（中国） CHIBOR（China interbank offered rate）
业融通票 interbank financing bills
业 interbank transactions
透支 overdraft
退税 tax refund（rebate）
头寸 position
吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base
脱媒现象 disintermediation
W
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reservesthe RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外型济 exportoriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreignfunded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税证 tax payment documentation
违法营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健银行系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
纸交易 bookentry（or paperlessscriptless）transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
岗工 laidoff employees
游企业 downstream enterprises
现场稽核 onsite examination
现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）
消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）
消费税 excise（consumption）tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budgetto eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projectsnewly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit loan increment credit growth credit expansion
新增业位置 new jobsnew job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback（information）
信息享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信扩张 credir expansion
信评级 credit rating
姓资姓社 pertaining to socialism or capitalismsocialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion excessive demand
虚伪存款 windowdressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
Y
养老基金 pension fund
刀切 universal applicationnondiscretionary implementation
级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
银行网点 banking outlets
赢利力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans
审批 to grant land use right
理浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资（热钱） hot money
市场产品 marketable products
效供 effective supply
诱发新轮济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loanspastdue loans
国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出（收入） offbudget （extrabudgetary） expenditure（revenue）
预调 preemptive adjustment
月环 on a monthonmonth basis on a monthly basis
Z
贷款 central bank lending
国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank
途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growthmoderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenueenhancing and expenditure control measures
增长稳 steady growth
增值税 valueadded tax（VAT）
涨幅偏高 higherthandesirable growth rateexcessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchmentconsolidation
政策工具 policy instrument
政策性业务 policyrelated operations
政策性银行 policy banks
政策组合 policy mix
政府干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
支付困难 payment difficulty
支付力 payment capacity
直接调控方式 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接调控方式转变职转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
指令性措施 mandatory measures
指令性计划 mandatory planadministered plan
制定实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policyto formulate and implement monetary policy
滞影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
中央方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projectskey investment project
周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
办银行 main bank
权风险 sovereign risk
注册资 registered capital
逐步位 to phase inphased implementation
逐步取消 to phase out
抓放 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large stateownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）
专款专 use of funds as earmarked
转贷 onlending
转轨济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
准财政赤字 quasifiscal deficit
准货币 quasimoney
资足 undercapitalized
资充足率 capital adequacy ratio
资利润率 return on capital
资账户兑换 capital account convertibility
资抵债 insolventinsolvency
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liabilityasset ratioratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）
资产质量 asset quality
资产组合 asset portfolio
资金成 cost of fundingcost of capitalfinancing cost
资金位 fully funded （project）
资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
筹投资项目 selffinanced projects
资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）overhaul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成 total cost
贷款 lender of last resor
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A
安全网 safety net
口径 on comparable basis
轻重缓急 to prioritize
暗补 implicit subsidy
暗亏 hidden loss
B
颁发营业执 to licenseto grant a licence to
办理存款业务 to take deposits
保护农民生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce
备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves
外币账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts
外币操作 sterilization operation
位利益 localized interestdepartmentalism
奔康 to strive to prosperto strive to become welltodo
避税（请见逃税） tax avoidance
币种搭配 currency mismatch
币种构成 currency composition
变相社会集资 disguised irregular（or illegal） fund raising
表外科目（业务） offbalancesheet items（operation）
薄弱环节 weaknessesloopholes
变成 fixed cost
变价 at constant pricein real terms
动产 real estate
良贷款（资产） problem loansnonperforming loans（assets）
C
财务公司 finance companies
财政赤字 fiscal deficit
财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy）
财政政策货币政策配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies
采取循序渐进方法 in a phased and sequenced manner
操作弹性 operational flexibility
操汇率 to manipulate exchange rate
产品构成 product compositionproduct mix
产品积压 stock pileexcessive inventory
产销率 current period inventory（期库存含前期库存）salesoutput ratio
产销衔接 marketability
产业政策 industrial policy
长期国债 treasury bonds
敞口头寸 open position
炒股 to speculate in the stock market
承购包销 underwrite（securities）
成套机电产品 complete sets of equipmentcomplete plant（s）
城市信社 urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）
城市合作银行 urban cooperative banksmunicipal united banks
城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks
城乡居民收入增长超物价涨幅 real growth in household income
持续升温 persistent overheating
重复布点 duplicate projects
重置成 replacement cost
重组计划 restructuring plan
筹资渠道 funding sourcesfinancing channels
初见成效 initial success
出口统理口营 canalization of exports
出口退税 export tax rebate
储蓄存款 household deposits（完全等西方savingsdeposits前者包括活期存款者包括）
储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits
储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings
传导机制 transmission mechanism
价税 ad valorem tax
紧控制 tight control
存贷款例 loandeposit ratio
存款保险体系 deposit insurance system
存款货币银行 deposit money banks
存款准备金 required reserves
D
白条 issue IOU
额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）
额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
面积滑坡 widespread decline
统银行体制 （allinone）monobank system
呆账（请见坏账） bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 nonperforming loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额理 credit controlto impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 earmarked loans
倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
区差 regional disparity
第产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industrythe tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国（请见母国） host country
独立核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
操作 sterilization operationhedging
非金融部门债权 claims on nonfinancial sector
种制形式 diversified ownership
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market
F
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reservesreserve requirement
法股 institutional shares
法股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 offsite surveillance（or monitoring）
非银行金融机构 nonbank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 nonprofit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxestax assignment system
分业营 segregation of financial business（services）division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure
风险理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资例 riskweighted capital ratios
风险资标准 riskbased capital standard
服务事业收入 public service chargesuser's charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
复式预算制 doubleentry budgetingcapital and current budgetary account
G
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
股 noninstitutional shares
根扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公开市场操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公事业 public utilities
公济 the stateowned sectorthe public sector
公制 public ownership
工业成利润率 profittocost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供求 supply exceeding demandexcessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 jointequity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 jointequity enterprises
股份制银行 jointequity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentivespreferential tariff treatment
规范行 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood
国家支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国独资商业银行 wholly stateowned commercial banks
国济（部门） the stateowned（or public）sector
国企业 stateowned enterprises（SOEs）
国制 stateownership
国资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债级营商 primary underwriters of government securities
度竞争 excessive competition
度膨胀 excessive expansion
热迹象 signs of overheating
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资 core capital
合资企业 jointventure enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观济运营良 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观济基状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
坏账 bad debt
付息 debt service
换汇成 unit export costlocal currency cost of export earnings
汇兑途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
汇率轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合制 diversified（mixed）ownership
货币政策态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
J
基建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基济素 economic fundamentals
基适度 broadly appropriate
基准利率 benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款 deposits of nonprofit institutions
机会成 opportunity cost
激励机制 incentive mechanism
积压严重 heavy stockpileexcessive inventory
挤提存款 run on banks
挤占挪 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）
技改投资 investment in technological upgrading
技术密集型产品 technologyintensive product
计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status
计划济 planned economy
集体济 the collective sector
加结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工贸易 processing trade
加快态势 accelerating trend
加强税收征稽查 to enhance tax administration
加权价 weighted average price
价格放开 price liberalization
价格形成机制 pricing mechanism
减亏 to reduce losses
简化手续 to cut red tapeto simplify（streamline）procedures
交投活跃 brisk trading
缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves
结构扭曲 structural distortion
结构失调 structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）
结汇售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融动荡 financial turbulence
金融风波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危机 financial crisis
金融压抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融诈骗 financial fraud
紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy
紧缩政策 austerity policiestight financial policies
常账户兑换 current account convertibility
济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）
济体制改革 economic reform
济增长方式转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）
济增长减速 economic slowdownmoderation in economic growth
济制裁 economic sanction
营权 autonomy in management
景气回升 recovery in business activity
境外投资 overseas investment
竞争加剧 intensifying competition
局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance
K
开办民币业务 to engage in RMB business
维持（持续）济增长 sustainable economic growth
变成 variable cost
兑换货币 freely convertible currency
控制现金投放 control currency issuance
扣物价素 in real termson inflationadjusted basis
库存产品 inventory
跨国银行业务 crossborder banking
跨年度采购 crossyear procurement
会计准 accounting standard
L
料加工 processing of imported materials for export
离岸银行业务 offshore banking（business）
理外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠杆调节作 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利润驱动 profitdriven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
联行清算 interbank settlement
连锁企业 franchise（businesses）chain businesses
良性循环 virtuous cycle
两极分化 growing income disparitypolarization in income distribution
零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）
流动性例 liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款 working capital loans
流通体制 distribution system
流通网络 distribution network
留购（租赁期满时承租购买租赁物） hire purchase
垄断行业 monopolized industry（sector）
乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising
乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges
乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）levies
M
买方市场 buyer's market
卖方市场 seller's market
卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo
贸易差额 trade balance
民间信 noninstitutionalized credit
免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50 tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明补 explicit subsidy
明亏 explicit loss
名牌产品 brand products
母国（请见东道国） home country
N
部控制 internal control
部审计 internal audit
香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
债 domestic debt
扭亏盈 to turn a lossmaking enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
农村信社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效应 bubble effect
泡沫济 bubble economy
培育新济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
衡发展 balanced development
瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）
稳回升 steady recovery
铺底流动资金 initial（startup）working capital
普遍回升 broadbased recovery
配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套民币资金 local currency funding of…
Q
企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企业集团战略 corporate group strategy
企业兼重组 company merger and restructuring
企业领导班子 enterprise management
企业税 enterprise（corporate）income tax
企业效益 corporate profitability
企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠税 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
强化税收征 to strengthen tax administration
强制措施 enforcement action
翘尾素 carryover effect
切刀 partial application
清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans
（破产）清算 liquidation
倾斜政策 preferential policy
区 differential treatment
趋势加强 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
权益回报率 returns on equity（ROE）
缺乏劲 unsustainable momentum
R
绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling
均国生产总值 per capita GDP
均收入 per capita income
民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）
认缴资 subscribed capital
软贷款 soft loans
软预算约束 soft budget constraint
软着陆 soft landing
S
三角债 chain debtsinterenterprise arrears
善政廉政 good governance
商业贷款 commercial loans
市公司 （publicly）listed corporations
设备利 capacity utilization
社会保障 social safety netsocial security（insurance）
深层次矛盾 deeprooted structural imbalance
审批金融机构 to license financial institutions
审慎监 prudential supervision
生产力闲置 unutilized capacity
生息资产 interestbearing assets
实际利外资 disbursement of foreign capitalactual inflow of foreign investment
实际效汇率 real effective exchange rate
实时 real time
实收资 paidin capital
实现利润 realized profit
市场分割 market segmentation
市场济 market economy
市场占率（市场份额） market share
市场准入 market access（指商品劳务进入）market entry（指机构审批）
市价总值 market capitalization
适度紧 appropriately tight
适时调节 timely adjustment
收回金融机构贷款 to recall central bank loans （to financial institutions）
税贷 amortization（repayment of loans）after tax
税收流失 tax erosion
税源足 weak tax base
私营济（私济） the private sector
私制 private ownership
者权益 owner's equity
T
逃税（请见避税） tax evasion
套汇 （1）指合法：currency swaparbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange
剔季节性素 seasonally adjusted
调节流动性 to influence liquidity level
贴现窗口 discount window
on yearonyear basisover the same period of the previous year
业拆（放） interbank borrowing（lending）
业拆市场利率（中国） CHIBOR（China interbank offered rate）
业融通票 interbank financing bills
业 interbank transactions
透支 overdraft
退税 tax refund（rebate）
头寸 position
吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base
脱媒现象 disintermediation
W
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reservesthe RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外型济 exportoriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreignfunded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税证 tax payment documentation
违法营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健银行系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
纸交易 bookentry（or paperlessscriptless）transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
岗工 laidoff employees
游企业 downstream enterprises
现场稽核 onsite examination
现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）
消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）
消费税 excise（consumption）tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budgetto eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projectsnewly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit loan increment credit growth credit expansion
新增业位置 new jobsnew job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback（information）
信息享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信扩张 credir expansion
信评级 credit rating
姓资姓社 pertaining to socialism or capitalismsocialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion excessive demand
虚伪存款 windowdressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
Y
养老基金 pension fund
刀切 universal applicationnondiscretionary implementation
级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
银行网点 banking outlets
赢利力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans
审批 to grant land use right
理浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资（热钱） hot money
市场产品 marketable products
效供 effective supply
诱发新轮济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loanspastdue loans
国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出（收入） offbudget （extrabudgetary） expenditure（revenue）
预调 preemptive adjustment
月环 on a monthonmonth basis on a monthly basis
Z
贷款 central bank lending
国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank
途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growthmoderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenueenhancing and expenditure control measures
增长稳 steady growth
增值税 valueadded tax（VAT）
涨幅偏高 higherthandesirable growth rateexcessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchmentconsolidation
政策工具 policy instrument
政策性业务 policyrelated operations
政策性银行 policy banks
政策组合 policy mix
政府干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
支付困难 payment difficulty
支付力 payment capacity
直接调控方式 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接调控方式转变职转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
指令性措施 mandatory measures
指令性计划 mandatory planadministered plan
制定实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policyto formulate and implement monetary policy
滞影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
中央方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projectskey investment project
周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
办银行 main bank
权风险 sovereign risk
注册资 registered capital
逐步位 to phase inphased implementation
逐步取消 to phase out
抓放 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large stateownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market competition）
专款专 use of funds as earmarked
转贷 onlending
转轨济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
准财政赤字 quasifiscal deficit
准货币 quasimoney
资足 undercapitalized
资充足率 capital adequacy ratio
资利润率 return on capital
资账户兑换 capital account convertibility
资抵债 insolventinsolvency
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liabilityasset ratioratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）
资产质量 asset quality
资产组合 asset portfolio
资金成 cost of fundingcost of capitalfinancing cost
资金位 fully funded （project）
资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
筹投资项目 selffinanced projects
资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）overhaul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成 total cost
贷款 lender of last resor
t
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