(十)非谓语动词
01 命题趋势 考标导化
年非谓语动词考查动词定式作宾语宾语补足语目状语动名词作语宾语宾语补足语分词法预计年中考非谓语动词考查定式考查热点应该牢固掌握动词固定搭配法
02 定义 概念清晰化
非谓语动词特殊动词句中单独作谓语谓语外语法功句子中受语称数限制时态语态变化带宾语状语构成非谓语动词短语非谓语动词分定式动名词分词三种动词定式to+动词原形构成特殊情况时to省略动词定式具名词形容词副词特征时具动词部分特征充语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语等成分动名词动词加ing构成句中作语宾语表语定语分词分现分词分词两种句中作定语状语表语补语
03 知识类 知识网络化
❶动词定式
分类图解
功
例句
语
To speak English well isn’t an easy job
宾语
They decided to change their mind
宾语补足语
He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day
定语
He is always the first to come and the last to leave
表语
Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children
状语
目
Every morning he gets up very early to exercise
结果
He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside
特例清单
1定式作宾语
(1)谓语动词定式作宾语常见类词表示命令算希:would likelikewantwishhopedecideplanexpect等:
Would you like to see a film this evening晚想场电影
(2)findthink面接定式作宾语时常it代真正宾语放句末:
I find it easy to read English every day发现天读英语容易
(3)常见带to动词定式:
why not do…had better(not) do…would rather docouldwouldwill you please (not) do…
I would rather stay at home宁愿家里
2定式作宾语补足语
定式作宾语补足语时宾语逻辑谓关系:
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio露西收音机音量调低
tellaskwantallowgetwould likeencourage面常接动词定式作宾语补足语:
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese母亲鼓励学日语
注意:役动词感官动词定式作宾补时定式省略to动词:感(feel)帮(help)二听(hearlisten to)三(letmakehave)四(look atseewatchnotice)变动语态时必须加to:
The boss made them work the whole night老板工作整夜
3定式作定语
(1)定式作定语时应放名词名词逻辑动宾关系
(2)果物动词修饰词间动宾关系定式加适介词:
There is nothing to worry about没什担心
题组训练
( )1(2014·北京)My parents always tell me _______ more vegetables and fruit
Aeat Beating Ceats Dto eat
( )2(2014·咸宁)—What would you like _____ for your mum on Mother’s Day
—A dress
Abuy Bbuying Cto buy D buys
( )3(2014·河南)—Do you climb mountains every day
—Yes_______ a little exercise I’m so out of shape
Agetting Bget Cgot Dto get
( )4(2014·河北)Don’t forget _______ thanks when other people help you
Aaccept Bto accept
Csay Dto say
( )5(2014·漳州)—We don’t have enough money for our field trip What shall we do
—The best way _______ money is to sell newspapers
Araise Bto raise Craising
❷特殊结构定式
分类图解
结构
例句
too…to结构
She was too surprised to see how angry her father was
not+定式
The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road
疑问词+定式
作语
How to solve the problem is very important
作宾语
He didn’t know what to say
作表语
The question is where to find the water
for+名词(代词宾格)+定式
It is necessary for us to learn from each other
of+名词(代词宾格)+定式
It is very kind of you to help me with my English
特例清单
1动词定式作语
动词定式作语时常it作形式语真正语放句末结构:It+be+adj+(forof sb)+动词定式:
To learn English well is useful
→It is useful to learn English well
It’s important for us to protect the environment
注意:kindgoodniceclever等表示品质形容词forof
It’s very kind of you to help me帮助真太啦
It’s very clever of you to do like that样做真太聪明啦
2定式常疑问词whatwhichwhenwherehow连相宾语句:
The teacher is telling the students what to do老师正告诉学生做什
He didn’t know where to go知道里(where to gowhere he should go)
题组训练
( )6(2013·广东)I always tell my students _____ on the road because it’s really dangerous
Anot to play Bto play not
Cnot playing Dnot play
( )7(2013·黔东南州)—What senior school do you want to goLi Hua
—It’s hard for me ________ a decision now
Ado Bto do Cmake Dto make
( )8(2013·咸宁)It’s rather hot in the room You’d better _______ the windows or the door
Aclose Bnot to close
Cdon’t close Dnot close
( )9(2013·衡阳)My parents asked me _______ computer games
Anot playing Bnot to play
Cnot play
( )10(2013·宿迁)It’s dangerous ________ a close look at the tiger in the zoo
Afor us talking Bof us to take
Cof us taking Dfor us to take
❸动词ing形式
分类图解
功
例句
语
Skating on the thin ice is dangerous
宾语
I finished doing my homework
表语
The nurse’s job is looking after the patients
定语
She is reading in the reading room
宾语补足语
He kept the machine running for ten hours
状语
They went out of the classroom talking and laughing
特例清单
1英语中词常动名词作宾语初中阶段类词:finish(完成)mind(介意)be worth(值)be busy(忙)practice(练)have fun(玩高兴)feel like(想)be used to(惯)consider(考虑)enjoy(喜欢)
2语+ be + happy(glad pleased angry sorry careful ready等)+to do sth:
I’m glad to see you again高兴次见
I’m sorry to hear that听消息感遗憾
3组动词接定式动名词辨析:
(1)stop doingstop to do
stop doing sth停止做某事
stop to do sth停止中断做某事做件事
(2)forget doingforget to do
forget doing sth忘记做某事(事情已做)
forget to do sth忘记做某事(事情没做)
(3)remember doingremember to do
remember doing sth记做某事(事情已做)
remember to do sth记着做某事(事情没做)
(4)try doingtry to do
try doing sth尝试着做某事
try to do sth设法努力做某事
(5)go on doinggo on to do
go on doing sth继续停做件事情
go on to do sth做完件事接着做外件事
(6)allow doing sthallow sbto do sth
allow doing sth允许做某事
allow sbto do sth允许某做某事
(7)regret doingregret to do
regret doing sth做事情感遗憾悔(已做)
regret to do sth做事感遗憾(未做)
(8)mean doingmean to do
mean doing sth意味着做某事
mean to do sth算想做某事
题组训练
( )11(2014·长沙)—It’s getting cold Would you mind_____ the window
—Of course not
Aclosing Bto close Cclosed
( )12(2014·梅州)Paul looks forward to _______ his pen pal as soon as possible
Ameets Bmeet Cmeeting Dmet
( )13(2014·孝感)My old neighbor Charles enjoys _____ photos He always goes out with his camera
Atake Bto take Ctaking Dtook
( )14(2014·曲靖) _______ vegetable juice is a good habitwhich helps you eat a balanced diet
ADrink BDrank CDrunk D Drinking
( )15(2014·黄冈)—Grandpa has changed a lot
—So he hasHe spends more time than he used to ______ games with the children
Aplay Bplaying Cplayed Dplays
❹动词分词
分类图解
功
例句
表语
The door remained locked
定语
The building built last year is now a department store
宾语补足语
I heard my name called
状语
Heated water changes into steam
特例清单
英语中分词作宾补(时分词般物动词)表动意义完成意义时两者兼做宾补分词宾语逻辑动宾关系宾语分词动作象:
She found the door broken in when she came back(宾补宾语动关系表种状态)
1分词gethavemake 面
注意have +宾语+分词两种情况:
A)表示某做某事某事()做:
I have had my bike repaired已请行车修
B)表示遭遇某种幸受击受……影响蒙受……损失:
I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month月公汽钱包偷
2make+宾语+分词种结构中分词动词必须表示结果含义:
I raised my voice to make myself heard提高声音目听见
3分词感官动词watchnoticeseehearlisten tofeelfind等面:
When we got to schoolwe saw the door locked学校时发现门锁
4分词with +宾语+宾补结构中分词宾语间动宾关系:
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back偷带进手绑背
5分词现分词定式作宾补区
现分词作宾补:宾语补语间谓关系动作谓语动作时进行分词作宾补:宾语补语间动宾关系动作先谓语动作定式作宾补表完成动作表短时间听感觉具体动作:
He didn’t notice me waiting没注意正等
I heard the song sung in English听见首歌英语唱
I saw him opening the window见正开窗户
I saw the window opened见窗户开
I saw him open the window见开窗户
I heard her sing the song in English听见英语唱首歌
题组训练
( )16(2014·咸宁)—Do you have any difficulty in ____ English
—Yesbut I try to make myself_____
Ato speakunderstood
Bspeakingunderstand
Cto speakto understand
Dspeakingunderstood
( )17(2013·绥化)He wants to have his TV______
Arepairing Brepaired
Cto repair
( )18(2013·安)He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back
Aboiling Bboil Cboiled Dboils
( )19(2013·烟台)—Why do you speak in ____ loud voice
—Because I want to make myself _______ clearly
Asuchhear Bsoheard
Csuchheard Dsohear
( )20(2013·贡)—When are you going to have your hair ____
—This afternoon
Acut Bto cut Ccutting
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1David enjoys ____ music at weekendbut I prefer _____ for a picnic
Ato listento go out
Blisten togoing to
Clistening togo out
Dlistening toto go out
( )2—I really don’t know_____with this kind of problems
—You can ask the teacher for help
Awhat to do Bhow to do
Cwhy to do Dwhich to deal
( )3—Do you often plant treesWang Lin
—Yeswe have ________ hundreds of trees
Aplant Bplanted Cplants Dplanting
( )4—We don’t have much homework this weekend Shall we go out together
—OkWhat about ______ a movie
Ato see Bseeing
Cto seeing Dsees
( )5The boy is looking forward to _______ a good time after the exam
Ato have Bhas Chaving Dhave
( )6—Mary dances best in our school
—I agreeI’ll never forget _____ her dance for the first time
Aseeing Bto see Csee Dseen
( )7It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels ______ by Yang Hongying
Awrite Bwrites
Cwrote Dwritten
( )8—Your spoken English is much better than before
—Thank youOur teacher often asks us ______ English as much as possible
Ato speak Bnot to speak
Cspeak Dnot speak
( )9Tom often makes his brother ______ but yesterday he was made _______ by his brother
Acryto cry Bto crycry
Ccrycry Dto cryto cry
( )10—We can use QQ to chat with each other online
—ReallyCould you please show me _______ it
Awhen to do Bwhy to do
Chow to do Dwhat to do
( )11—Do you like going shopping on Sundays
—NoI would rather _______ books at home ______ than shopping
Ato readgo Breadto go
Creadgo Dto readto go
( )12When he saw a ticket on the ground he stopped ______
Ato pick it up Bpicking it up
Cto pick up it Dpick up it
( )13We have two rooms but I can’t decided ______
Ato liveto choose which one
Blivedchoose which one
Cto live inwhich one to choose
Dlive inwhich one
( )14—What should I dodoctor
—______ healthy you should take exercise more and eat meat less
AKeep BKeeping
CTo keep DKept
( )15—Don’t forget _____ the door of the meeting room when you leave
—Sure
Ato lock Blocking
Clock Dlocks
( )16Would you mind not ________ here I’m doing my homework
Asing Bsinging Csings Dto sing
( )17No matter how hard it is we’ll keep _____ until we make it
Afailed Bfailing Ctried Dtrying
( )18We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t appeared yet
Ahaving met Bmeeting
Cto meet Dmeet
( )19—Where are the twins
—I saw them ______out for a walk just now
Agoing Bto go Cgone Dwent
( )20—Do you still remember _____ me somewhere in Shanghai
—Yesof courseTwo years ago
Ato see Bsee Cseeing Dsaw
( )21Aunt Li often asks her son _______ too much meat It’s bad for his health
Adon’t eat Bnot to eat
Cnot eat Dto not eat
( )22There are no differences between the two wordsI really don’t know_____
Awhat to choose Bwhich to choose
Cto choose which Dto choose what
( )23—What about going swimming with me
—SorryI have a lot of homework______
Ato do Bdone
Cdo Dbe done
( )24It is said that to teach a man fishing is better than ______ him fish
Agive Bgiving
Cto give Dgives
( )25—MumI’m hungry
—What about going to McDonald’s ______ fried chicken
Aeat Bto eat
Ceating Dand eat
参考答案:
(十)非谓语动词
题组训练
1—5DCDDB6—10ADDBD11—15ACCDB
16—20DBCCA
整合集训
1—5DABBC6—10ADAAC11—15CACCA
16—20BDCAC21—25BBACB
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