非谓语动词定式
1定式作宾语补足语（动词+宾语+to do）
常见动词：advice allow ask beg believe cause command challenge compel declare encourage expect forbid force get hate have help instruct intend invite judge leave let like mean make need oblige order permit persuade prefer press recommend request teach tell tempt trouble want warn wish urge
例句1： Allow me to drink to your success
例句2： There is still good availability of some of the hottest toys this Christmas but we still advice parents and shoppers to get to stores as early as possible next week
2 定式作定语（名词+to do）
He is the best to choose两种理解
1） 宾语关系
修饰名词逻辑充定式宾语
I have a letter to write
I need a pen to write
I need some paper to write
A 做定式中动词宾语
We had a long journey to make before nightfall
I gave the kid a comic to read
注意定式中动词已逻辑宾语动词宾语说I gave the kid a comic to read it
B 做定式中介词宾语
两种情况：介词动词构成搭配介词修饰名词构成搭配
例句1：She has four children to take care of
例句2：I had no place to live in
例句3：They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this worldsomeone to love something to do and something to hope for
例句4：You just regard me as a thing an object to look at to use to touch but not to listen to or to take seriously
例句5：Why don’t you get a backpack to carry your books in
例句6：I need to buy an outfit for the gym to exercise in
例句7：If I were abroad I’d travel around the country as much as I could and try to find as many people as possible not only to practice the language on but to have discussions with and I’d hope to make some real friends
2） 语关系
修饰名词逻辑充定式中动词语
The man to help you is Mr Yang
Have you got a key to unlock this door
3） 位语关系
定式短语容修饰名词进步说明
例句1：The need to love and to be loved seems universal Maybe this is one trait that separates human beings from other animals
类名词常动词形容词相关名词求定式连动词(arrangement attempt claim discussion hope determination failure need plan promise refusal tendency threat)形容词(ability ambition anxiety eagerness inclination reluctance)名词定式连
例句组1：He refused to cooperate with us
His refusal to cooperate makes us angry
例句组2：I don’t wish to change
I have no wish to change
4） 状语关系
Role playing is a safe and enjoyable way to learn English
There are two basic ways to see growth one as a product the other as process
The time to go is July
A good place to eat is the Sichuan restaurant around the corner
试牛刀
1 Their little bit of land doesn’t provide enough food to______
A live on B live C live in D live up
2 I got out some more chairs for the other guests ______
A to sit B to sit on C sit on D sit
3 I need a piece of paper to _______
A write on B write C be written D write with
4 He was the first_______and the last_____
A arriving leaving
B to arrive to leave
C arrive leave
D for arriving for leaving
5 Air pollution has been greatly reduced so this city is still_______
A a good place to live
B a good place to live in
C a good place to be lived in
D a good place for living in
3 定式形容词+to do
1） 宾语关系（）He is interesting to listen to
例句1： He is easy to fool
例句2： He is difficult to understand
例句3： English is difficult to speak
例句4： Relativity theory isn’t easy to understand
特点：
A 句子表层结构深层结构统
B 句型变换原
C 形容词侧重强调事情活动性质特征强调性质特征
D 动词物动词带宾语果物动词需添加适介词(She is very nice to talk to)
2） 宾语关系（二）The book is interesting to buy
例句1：The food is ready to eat
例句2：The water is warm to swim in
例句3：The dorm is too noisy to study in
例句4：The money is enough for you to buy books with
特点：
A 句子表层结构深层结构统
B 句型变换原
C 形容词侧重强调事物性质特点
辨析：The bed is comfortable to sleep in
3） 语关系（）He is kind to help us
He is kind to help us
改写： It isof sb to do sth
It is kind of him to help us
改写二：soas to do sth
He is so kind as to help us
改写三：How of sb it is to do sth
How kind of him it is to help us
例句1：Scott is very generous to be always inviting us out for meals
例句2：The boy was careless to break the window
例句3：He was wrong to tell lies
该句型中形容词特点：通常评价行形容词具体说表示性格特征行表现形容词brave careful careless considerate cowardly crazy cruel modest rude等
It is kind of you to help us
It is easy for you to fool him
4） 语关系（二）He is glad to help us
例句1：I’m sorry to hear it
例句2：I was excited to be there
例句3：He is afraid to be fooled
该句型中形容词特点：里形容词表示情感具体说表示某件事态度情感常常分词转化形容词annoyed astonished bored concerned delighted depressed disappointed disgusted embarrassed fascinated frightened overwhelmed overjoyed perturbed等
5） 语关系（三）He is slow to react
例句1：Bob is slow to make a decision
例句2：Do we think we’re slow to adopt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge Then we are likely to take a more passive role or nor to try at all
该句型中形容词特点：里形容词逻辑语义说明定式动作特点形容词变成副词直接修饰动词相方式状语
4 定式作状语
1）目状语
2）结果状语
tooto （表示否定表示肯定含义）
3）条件状语
4）原状语
5 定式逻辑语
逻辑语：逻辑语针非谓语动词说三种非谓语动词涉逻辑语问题动词变化形式然动词动作执行者语称逻辑语区句子结构语法语句子谓语语非谓语动词逻辑语时致
He was anxious to meet you
He was anxious for his sister to meet you
1) 定式逻辑语构成（）：for+名词代词+to do
例句1：He was very willing for everyone else to come
例句2：It is very common for him to be absent without leave
例句3：It’s important for you to go there in person
2) 定式逻辑语构成（二）：of sb to do
例句1：It is wise of you not to argue with your boss
例句2：It is generous of him to lend me his car
例句3：It’s very careless of him to make such silly mistakes
6 定式时态语态（）：动式（to be done）
1) 综述
定式作动词种变化形式具动词般特征时态语态变化英文中动作完成程度分四种四种体态：般式进行式完成式完成进行式理定式具备四种体态语态变化
四种体态
动
动
般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
＼
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
＼
2) 动定式
般说句中出现定式动作执行者时动形式果没执行者定式修饰成分定式动作承受者需动形式
例句1：He wants someone to take some photos
He wants some photos to be taken
例句2：I have a lot of clothes to wash
I have a lot of clothes to be washed
例句3：It’s an honor for me to be invited to address the international conference
例句4：She doesn’t like to be treated as a distinguished guest
例句5：He wanted the letter to be delivered at once
例句6：These shoes are to be washed
7 定式时态语态（二）：完成式（to have done）
定式完成式三基含义：表示发生谓语动词前动作次表示虚拟某特定动词表达动作
例句1： I’m sorry to bother you but can you please send me Nancy’s phone number
例句2：I’m sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion
1) 态度情感类谓语
般现时表示说话刻心情定式完成式表示发生动作
例句1：I am sorry not to have come on Thursday
例句2：I’m sorry to keep you waiting vs I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long
例句3：We’re happy to visit so many historic places in Beijing
We’re happy to have visited so many historic places in Beijing
2) 观点类谓语
例句1：The marathon has been a traditional part of the Olympics since 1896 Legend says that a messenger ran 42 km without stopping from the battlefield at Marathon to Athens After he reported the news of Greece’s victory the messenger fell down and died The marathon is said to have come from this event
例句2：Taking afternoon tea is a unique custom which is said to have started in the early 19th century
例句3：Humans are believed to have evolved from the primate species
常见动词say believethink三般is said is believed is thought然定式完成式变成is said to have done is believed to have done is thought to have done
Philip挖坑
1 Albert Einstein the great American scientist is estimated to have had the incredible intelligence of 200
2 汉译英：估计明智商高达200真难置信
3) 推断类谓语
例句1：I seemed to have lost some weight Look how baggy my pants are
例句2：The rain seems to have stopped
例句3：It seems to have rained last night vs It seems to rain any time soon
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1定式作宾语补足语（动词+宾语+to do）
常见动词：advice allow ask beg believe cause command challenge compel declare encourage expect forbid force get hate have help instruct intend invite judge leave let like mean make need oblige order permit persuade prefer press recommend request teach tell tempt trouble want warn wish urge
例句1： Allow me to drink to your success
例句2： There is still good availability of some of the hottest toys this Christmas but we still advice parents and shoppers to get to stores as early as possible next week
2 定式作定语（名词+to do）
He is the best to choose两种理解
1） 宾语关系
修饰名词逻辑充定式宾语
I have a letter to write
I need a pen to write
I need some paper to write
A 做定式中动词宾语
We had a long journey to make before nightfall
I gave the kid a comic to read
注意定式中动词已逻辑宾语动词宾语说I gave the kid a comic to read it
B 做定式中介词宾语
两种情况：介词动词构成搭配介词修饰名词构成搭配
例句1：She has four children to take care of
例句2：I had no place to live in
例句3：They say a person needs just three things to be truly happy in this worldsomeone to love something to do and something to hope for
例句4：You just regard me as a thing an object to look at to use to touch but not to listen to or to take seriously
例句5：Why don’t you get a backpack to carry your books in
例句6：I need to buy an outfit for the gym to exercise in
例句7：If I were abroad I’d travel around the country as much as I could and try to find as many people as possible not only to practice the language on but to have discussions with and I’d hope to make some real friends
2） 语关系
修饰名词逻辑充定式中动词语
The man to help you is Mr Yang
Have you got a key to unlock this door
3） 位语关系
定式短语容修饰名词进步说明
例句1：The need to love and to be loved seems universal Maybe this is one trait that separates human beings from other animals
类名词常动词形容词相关名词求定式连动词(arrangement attempt claim discussion hope determination failure need plan promise refusal tendency threat)形容词(ability ambition anxiety eagerness inclination reluctance)名词定式连
例句组1：He refused to cooperate with us
His refusal to cooperate makes us angry
例句组2：I don’t wish to change
I have no wish to change
4） 状语关系
Role playing is a safe and enjoyable way to learn English
There are two basic ways to see growth one as a product the other as process
The time to go is July
A good place to eat is the Sichuan restaurant around the corner
试牛刀
1 Their little bit of land doesn’t provide enough food to______
A live on B live C live in D live up
2 I got out some more chairs for the other guests ______
A to sit B to sit on C sit on D sit
3 I need a piece of paper to _______
A write on B write C be written D write with
4 He was the first_______and the last_____
A arriving leaving
B to arrive to leave
C arrive leave
D for arriving for leaving
5 Air pollution has been greatly reduced so this city is still_______
A a good place to live
B a good place to live in
C a good place to be lived in
D a good place for living in
3 定式形容词+to do
1） 宾语关系（）He is interesting to listen to
例句1： He is easy to fool
例句2： He is difficult to understand
例句3： English is difficult to speak
例句4： Relativity theory isn’t easy to understand
特点：
A 句子表层结构深层结构统
B 句型变换原
C 形容词侧重强调事情活动性质特征强调性质特征
D 动词物动词带宾语果物动词需添加适介词(She is very nice to talk to)
2） 宾语关系（二）The book is interesting to buy
例句1：The food is ready to eat
例句2：The water is warm to swim in
例句3：The dorm is too noisy to study in
例句4：The money is enough for you to buy books with
特点：
A 句子表层结构深层结构统
B 句型变换原
C 形容词侧重强调事物性质特点
辨析：The bed is comfortable to sleep in
3） 语关系（）He is kind to help us
He is kind to help us
改写： It isof sb to do sth
It is kind of him to help us
改写二：soas to do sth
He is so kind as to help us
改写三：How of sb it is to do sth
How kind of him it is to help us
例句1：Scott is very generous to be always inviting us out for meals
例句2：The boy was careless to break the window
例句3：He was wrong to tell lies
该句型中形容词特点：通常评价行形容词具体说表示性格特征行表现形容词brave careful careless considerate cowardly crazy cruel modest rude等
It is kind of you to help us
It is easy for you to fool him
4） 语关系（二）He is glad to help us
例句1：I’m sorry to hear it
例句2：I was excited to be there
例句3：He is afraid to be fooled
该句型中形容词特点：里形容词表示情感具体说表示某件事态度情感常常分词转化形容词annoyed astonished bored concerned delighted depressed disappointed disgusted embarrassed fascinated frightened overwhelmed overjoyed perturbed等
5） 语关系（三）He is slow to react
例句1：Bob is slow to make a decision
例句2：Do we think we’re slow to adopt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge Then we are likely to take a more passive role or nor to try at all
该句型中形容词特点：里形容词逻辑语义说明定式动作特点形容词变成副词直接修饰动词相方式状语
4 定式作状语
1）目状语
2）结果状语
tooto （表示否定表示肯定含义）
3）条件状语
4）原状语
5 定式逻辑语
逻辑语：逻辑语针非谓语动词说三种非谓语动词涉逻辑语问题动词变化形式然动词动作执行者语称逻辑语区句子结构语法语句子谓语语非谓语动词逻辑语时致
He was anxious to meet you
He was anxious for his sister to meet you
1) 定式逻辑语构成（）：for+名词代词+to do
例句1：He was very willing for everyone else to come
例句2：It is very common for him to be absent without leave
例句3：It’s important for you to go there in person
2) 定式逻辑语构成（二）：of sb to do
例句1：It is wise of you not to argue with your boss
例句2：It is generous of him to lend me his car
例句3：It’s very careless of him to make such silly mistakes
6 定式时态语态（）：动式（to be done）
1) 综述
定式作动词种变化形式具动词般特征时态语态变化英文中动作完成程度分四种四种体态：般式进行式完成式完成进行式理定式具备四种体态语态变化
四种体态
动
动
般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
＼
完成式
to have done
to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
＼
2) 动定式
般说句中出现定式动作执行者时动形式果没执行者定式修饰成分定式动作承受者需动形式
例句1：He wants someone to take some photos
He wants some photos to be taken
例句2：I have a lot of clothes to wash
I have a lot of clothes to be washed
例句3：It’s an honor for me to be invited to address the international conference
例句4：She doesn’t like to be treated as a distinguished guest
例句5：He wanted the letter to be delivered at once
例句6：These shoes are to be washed
7 定式时态语态（二）：完成式（to have done）
定式完成式三基含义：表示发生谓语动词前动作次表示虚拟某特定动词表达动作
例句1： I’m sorry to bother you but can you please send me Nancy’s phone number
例句2：I’m sorry to have bothered you with so many questions on such an occasion
1) 态度情感类谓语
般现时表示说话刻心情定式完成式表示发生动作
例句1：I am sorry not to have come on Thursday
例句2：I’m sorry to keep you waiting vs I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long
例句3：We’re happy to visit so many historic places in Beijing
We’re happy to have visited so many historic places in Beijing
2) 观点类谓语
例句1：The marathon has been a traditional part of the Olympics since 1896 Legend says that a messenger ran 42 km without stopping from the battlefield at Marathon to Athens After he reported the news of Greece’s victory the messenger fell down and died The marathon is said to have come from this event
例句2：Taking afternoon tea is a unique custom which is said to have started in the early 19th century
例句3：Humans are believed to have evolved from the primate species
常见动词say believethink三般is said is believed is thought然定式完成式变成is said to have done is believed to have done is thought to have done
Philip挖坑
1 Albert Einstein the great American scientist is estimated to have had the incredible intelligence of 200
2 汉译英：估计明智商高达200真难置信
3) 推断类谓语
例句1：I seemed to have lost some weight Look how baggy my pants are
例句2：The rain seems to have stopped
例句3：It seems to have rained last night vs It seems to rain any time soon
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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