高中英语语法重难点 高考学复微专题
高频考点精讲版·全国通02
情态动词+完成时语法法知识点总结
课中样句子：Frederick William I the king of Prussia could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history 普鲁士国王威廉世绝想送俄罗斯民厚礼会样段令惊讶历史句中could never have imagined表示什含义呢？
学会碰样问题：情态动词必须接动词原形？果动词原形完成式表达意思什呢？
谓动词原形指情态动词面动词原形事实情态动词面动词原形外进行式完成式等例：
She might be waiting for you 等
You must have seen him 定见
She may have missed her train 误火车
The door must have been locked by my wife 门定妻子锁
课中could have imagined情态动词+完成时结构里表示情况推测注意原句否定形式表示发生情况（could never have imagined 意想）
文情态动词完成时情况表达语法意义做点总结
must have done法
must have done表示情况肯定推测该结构肯定句意定做某事肯定做某事
Rosa must have attended the party last night罗莎昨天晚定参加晚会
Angus must have read the book before安格斯前定读书
It must have rained last night for the road is all wet昨晚定雨道路湿
注意英语中存must not have done说法must have done否定式can’t couldn’t have done
二maymight have done法
1 maymight have done表示情况肯定推测might语气may弱
种结构肯定句意做某事否定句意没做某事疑问句表示疑问CanCould have done
She may have read it in the papers 报已读事
They may not have known it before hand事先知道事
You might have known about it from Milla米拉解事
He might have gone to have his hair cut 理发
There might have been someone waiting outside 外面等候
I’ll try phoning him but he may have gone out by now 电话现出
She may have missed her train 误火车
2 might have done 表示未实现性
该结构仅限might may表示发生实际没发生情况做某事实际没做通常译等例：
A lot of men died who might have been saved 获救死
He came home alone You shouldn’t have let him do that he might have got lost 独回家应做会迷路
You were stupid to try climbing up there You might have killed yourself 爬太蠢会摔死
You might have phoned to let us know where you were 电话知道
时根语境译没差点尤谈利情况时：
It was really very dangerous You might have injured him 真悬差点伤
It was really very dangerous I might have killed myself 真太危险差点没命
3 might have done 含述意思外表示批评责备
表示责义务应该做某事实际没做成含批评责备意味通常译应该等法例：
You might have let me know before 早点知道
She might have told me she was going to stay out all night 夜回应事先告诉声呀
You might have taken the trouble to tell me the meeting was put off 费心告诉声会议推迟
You might have told us half an hour ago 半钟头前告诉
4 might have done虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中谈情况时句型通常：句couldwouldmight +have+分词if句完成时例：
We might have arrived earlier if we had taken the other road果时走条路早
If you had left it there someone might have stolen it 时东西落里偷走
If the weather hadn’t been so bad we might have gone out 果天气坏出
I might have saved his life if I had found him earlier 时早点找话会救活
三cancould have done法
1cancould have done表示性推测could语气较can弱
该结构表推测时肯定式般否定句疑问句否定句表示发生某事must have done否定式疑问句表示发生某事例：
He can’t have forgotten it已忘记事
Can he have gone to his aunt＇s姑姑家？
I saw Mr Zhang just now and he couldn＇t have gone to Beijing刚见张先生北京
Why does he know this Could someone have told him about it 知道 会告诉
We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river 河水声听见话
Can he have left already 会已离开
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on 出灯亮着
注意：非正式英语口语中偶见could have done肯定句表示推测：
She could have forgotten to tell him 忘记告诉
Tom could have taken the money he was here alone yesterday 汤姆钱走昨天单独里呆
In the example mentioned above either method of construction could have been used面提例子中两种建造方法均
2 could have done 表示未实现性
该结构仅限couldcan表示力算选择做某事实际没样做做某事实际没做通常译够等例：
You could have done better but you didn＇t try your best做更没力
We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting tickets 买票进——根没收票
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes 轻易通考试犯太该犯错误
You could have stayed with me when you were in this city on business城市出差时够住起
She could have been seriously injured 伤重
It’s difficult enough but it could have been worse 事情够困难会更糟呢
I could have given you some hints but I suppose you thought yourself too grand 点提示认太负
I could have lent you the money Why didn’t you ask me 笔钱什提出
You needn’t have walked up you could have taken the lift 没必走着电梯
时根语境译没差点尤谈利情况时：
She felt miserable She could have cried 感痛苦差点哭
That was a had place to go skiing—you could have broken your leg 滑雪方没腿摔断
Why did you throw the bottle out of the window Somebody could have been hurt 什瓶子扔出窗外呢 没砸伤
3 could have done含述意思外表示批评责备
表示责义务应该做某事实际没做成含批评责备意味通常译应该等法例：
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch 帮嘛——什坐观呢
I am disappointed that you didn’t tell me You should have told me 没告诉感失应该告诉
4 could have done 虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中谈情况时句型通常：句couldwouldmight +have+分词if句完成时例：
You could have been killed if I hadn’t warned you 警告丧命
If he had known the facts he could have told us what to do 果解事实告诉样做
If you had come sooner you could have helped us 早点会帮
I could have told them what happened if anybody had asked me 果谁问告诉发生什情况
四should have done法
1 should have done表示应做某事实际没做否定式shouldn’t have done表示该做某事实际做
种句式含满责备意通常译应该否定式意该ought toshould换语气should强烈例：
You should have finished your homework(But you didn’t)应该完成作业（没）
You should have reported the matter to the police 应该件事报告警察
I beg your pardon I suppose I should have knocked 起想应该先敲门
果否定式表示该发生情况发生例：
You shouldn＇t have told her the news(But you did)应该消息告诉（已告诉）
You shouldn’t have opened her letter 应该拆信
She shouldn’t have stood in a queue She should have got tickets from the machine 该排队应该售票机买票
该法中should换成ought to意思变例：
You should (ought to) have told us earlier 应该早点告诉
You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have parked there 该车停里
2 表示情况观推测
指已发生情况作观猜测意概已应该已例：
The letter should have arrived by now 信函现该达
I wonder why he should have been so angry 想通会样生气
该法中should换成ought to意思变例：
The train should (ought to) have already left 火车概已开走吧
认should表推测时仅限肯定形式否定形式否推测点must表推测法致must旦否定形式表示推测
You should have no problem with reading this language读种语言应该没问题
The doctor says it will take six weeks and I should be fine by then 医生说需6周时间时会
3 表示惊讶
已发生情况表示惊讶理解通常含竟然意味例：
It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam 考试竟然没格真惜
I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault 真明白竟然说错
It’s strange that he should have left without telling us 奇怪竟没说声走
4 虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中谈情况时句型通常：句couldwouldshould might +have+分词if句完成时虚拟语气should+have+分词结构仅限第称例：
If I had seen her I should have invited her 时话会邀请
If I had received the present I should have thanked her 果收礼物应道谢
I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious 果想认真会笑
五needn＇t have done法
needn＇t have done表示没必做某事意必做某事（实际做）
I needn＇t have taken the umbrella for the weather is fine天没必带雨伞
You needn＇t have told her againI have told her already时没必告诉已告诉
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday 昨天没必办公室
need +完成时仅限否定句疑问句肯定句：
I was the first to get there I needn’t have gone there so early 第必早
You needn’t have mentioned it 没必提事
You needn’t have come in person 时必亲
Need you have scolded him so severely 必样严厉批评
Need he have paid so much 时真需付钱
特提示
总情态动词+完成时表示意义务必牢记心
1 must have done
(1)表示定做某事（肯定推测）
(2)否定式：can’tcouldn’t have done
2 should have done
(1)表示应该做某事（实际没做）
(2)表示情况推测意应该已做某事
(3)事实相反虚拟语气（限第称）
3 shouldn’t have done
(1)表示该做某事（实际做）
(2)事实相反虚拟语气（限第称）
4 can have done
(1)疑问句表示推测（性疑问推测）
(2)否定句表示推测（完全否定推测）
(3)没肯定式
5 could have done
(1)疑问句表示推测（性推测）
(2)否定句表示推测（完全否定推测）
(3)陈述句表示够做某事（实际没做）
6 may have done指做某事（性推测）
7 may not have done指没做某事（性推测）
8 might have done
(1)指做某事（性推测）
(2)指做某事（实际没做）
9 might not have done
(1)指没做某事（性推测）
(2)指做某事（实际做）
10 needn’t have done 指必做某事（实际做）
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高频考点精讲版·全国通02
情态动词+完成时语法法知识点总结
课中样句子：Frederick William I the king of Prussia could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history 普鲁士国王威廉世绝想送俄罗斯民厚礼会样段令惊讶历史句中could never have imagined表示什含义呢？
学会碰样问题：情态动词必须接动词原形？果动词原形完成式表达意思什呢？
谓动词原形指情态动词面动词原形事实情态动词面动词原形外进行式完成式等例：
She might be waiting for you 等
You must have seen him 定见
She may have missed her train 误火车
The door must have been locked by my wife 门定妻子锁
课中could have imagined情态动词+完成时结构里表示情况推测注意原句否定形式表示发生情况（could never have imagined 意想）
文情态动词完成时情况表达语法意义做点总结
must have done法
must have done表示情况肯定推测该结构肯定句意定做某事肯定做某事
Rosa must have attended the party last night罗莎昨天晚定参加晚会
Angus must have read the book before安格斯前定读书
It must have rained last night for the road is all wet昨晚定雨道路湿
注意英语中存must not have done说法must have done否定式can’t couldn’t have done
二maymight have done法
1 maymight have done表示情况肯定推测might语气may弱
种结构肯定句意做某事否定句意没做某事疑问句表示疑问CanCould have done
She may have read it in the papers 报已读事
They may not have known it before hand事先知道事
You might have known about it from Milla米拉解事
He might have gone to have his hair cut 理发
There might have been someone waiting outside 外面等候
I’ll try phoning him but he may have gone out by now 电话现出
She may have missed her train 误火车
2 might have done 表示未实现性
该结构仅限might may表示发生实际没发生情况做某事实际没做通常译等例：
A lot of men died who might have been saved 获救死
He came home alone You shouldn’t have let him do that he might have got lost 独回家应做会迷路
You were stupid to try climbing up there You might have killed yourself 爬太蠢会摔死
You might have phoned to let us know where you were 电话知道
时根语境译没差点尤谈利情况时：
It was really very dangerous You might have injured him 真悬差点伤
It was really very dangerous I might have killed myself 真太危险差点没命
3 might have done 含述意思外表示批评责备
表示责义务应该做某事实际没做成含批评责备意味通常译应该等法例：
You might have let me know before 早点知道
She might have told me she was going to stay out all night 夜回应事先告诉声呀
You might have taken the trouble to tell me the meeting was put off 费心告诉声会议推迟
You might have told us half an hour ago 半钟头前告诉
4 might have done虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中谈情况时句型通常：句couldwouldmight +have+分词if句完成时例：
We might have arrived earlier if we had taken the other road果时走条路早
If you had left it there someone might have stolen it 时东西落里偷走
If the weather hadn’t been so bad we might have gone out 果天气坏出
I might have saved his life if I had found him earlier 时早点找话会救活
三cancould have done法
1cancould have done表示性推测could语气较can弱
该结构表推测时肯定式般否定句疑问句否定句表示发生某事must have done否定式疑问句表示发生某事例：
He can’t have forgotten it已忘记事
Can he have gone to his aunt＇s姑姑家？
I saw Mr Zhang just now and he couldn＇t have gone to Beijing刚见张先生北京
Why does he know this Could someone have told him about it 知道 会告诉
We could not have heard them because of the noise from the river 河水声听见话
Can he have left already 会已离开
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on 出灯亮着
注意：非正式英语口语中偶见could have done肯定句表示推测：
She could have forgotten to tell him 忘记告诉
Tom could have taken the money he was here alone yesterday 汤姆钱走昨天单独里呆
In the example mentioned above either method of construction could have been used面提例子中两种建造方法均
2 could have done 表示未实现性
该结构仅限couldcan表示力算选择做某事实际没样做做某事实际没做通常译够等例：
You could have done better but you didn＇t try your best做更没力
We could have got in for nothing—nobody was collecting tickets 买票进——根没收票
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes 轻易通考试犯太该犯错误
You could have stayed with me when you were in this city on business城市出差时够住起
She could have been seriously injured 伤重
It’s difficult enough but it could have been worse 事情够困难会更糟呢
I could have given you some hints but I suppose you thought yourself too grand 点提示认太负
I could have lent you the money Why didn’t you ask me 笔钱什提出
You needn’t have walked up you could have taken the lift 没必走着电梯
时根语境译没差点尤谈利情况时：
She felt miserable She could have cried 感痛苦差点哭
That was a had place to go skiing—you could have broken your leg 滑雪方没腿摔断
Why did you throw the bottle out of the window Somebody could have been hurt 什瓶子扔出窗外呢 没砸伤
3 could have done含述意思外表示批评责备
表示责义务应该做某事实际没做成含批评责备意味通常译应该等法例：
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch 帮嘛——什坐观呢
I am disappointed that you didn’t tell me You should have told me 没告诉感失应该告诉
4 could have done 虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中谈情况时句型通常：句couldwouldmight +have+分词if句完成时例：
You could have been killed if I hadn’t warned you 警告丧命
If he had known the facts he could have told us what to do 果解事实告诉样做
If you had come sooner you could have helped us 早点会帮
I could have told them what happened if anybody had asked me 果谁问告诉发生什情况
四should have done法
1 should have done表示应做某事实际没做否定式shouldn’t have done表示该做某事实际做
种句式含满责备意通常译应该否定式意该ought toshould换语气should强烈例：
You should have finished your homework(But you didn’t)应该完成作业（没）
You should have reported the matter to the police 应该件事报告警察
I beg your pardon I suppose I should have knocked 起想应该先敲门
果否定式表示该发生情况发生例：
You shouldn＇t have told her the news(But you did)应该消息告诉（已告诉）
You shouldn’t have opened her letter 应该拆信
She shouldn’t have stood in a queue She should have got tickets from the machine 该排队应该售票机买票
该法中should换成ought to意思变例：
You should (ought to) have told us earlier 应该早点告诉
You shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) have parked there 该车停里
2 表示情况观推测
指已发生情况作观猜测意概已应该已例：
The letter should have arrived by now 信函现该达
I wonder why he should have been so angry 想通会样生气
该法中should换成ought to意思变例：
The train should (ought to) have already left 火车概已开走吧
认should表推测时仅限肯定形式否定形式否推测点must表推测法致must旦否定形式表示推测
You should have no problem with reading this language读种语言应该没问题
The doctor says it will take six weeks and I should be fine by then 医生说需6周时间时会
3 表示惊讶
已发生情况表示惊讶理解通常含竟然意味例：
It is a pity that he should have failed in the exam 考试竟然没格真惜
I can’t think why he should have said that it was my fault 真明白竟然说错
It’s strange that he should have left without telling us 奇怪竟没说声走
4 虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中谈情况时句型通常：句couldwouldshould might +have+分词if句完成时虚拟语气should+have+分词结构仅限第称例：
If I had seen her I should have invited her 时话会邀请
If I had received the present I should have thanked her 果收礼物应道谢
I should not have laughed if I had thought you were serious 果想认真会笑
五needn＇t have done法
needn＇t have done表示没必做某事意必做某事（实际做）
I needn＇t have taken the umbrella for the weather is fine天没必带雨伞
You needn＇t have told her againI have told her already时没必告诉已告诉
I needn’t have gone to the office yesterday 昨天没必办公室
need +完成时仅限否定句疑问句肯定句：
I was the first to get there I needn’t have gone there so early 第必早
You needn’t have mentioned it 没必提事
You needn’t have come in person 时必亲
Need you have scolded him so severely 必样严厉批评
Need he have paid so much 时真需付钱
特提示
总情态动词+完成时表示意义务必牢记心
1 must have done
(1)表示定做某事（肯定推测）
(2)否定式：can’tcouldn’t have done
2 should have done
(1)表示应该做某事（实际没做）
(2)表示情况推测意应该已做某事
(3)事实相反虚拟语气（限第称）
3 shouldn’t have done
(1)表示该做某事（实际做）
(2)事实相反虚拟语气（限第称）
4 can have done
(1)疑问句表示推测（性疑问推测）
(2)否定句表示推测（完全否定推测）
(3)没肯定式
5 could have done
(1)疑问句表示推测（性推测）
(2)否定句表示推测（完全否定推测）
(3)陈述句表示够做某事（实际没做）
6 may have done指做某事（性推测）
7 may not have done指没做某事（性推测）
8 might have done
(1)指做某事（性推测）
(2)指做某事（实际没做）
9 might not have done
(1)指没做某事（性推测）
(2)指做某事（实际做）
10 needn’t have done 指必做某事（实际做）
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《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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