object vi say that one is not in favor of protest赞成反
vt give … as a reason for opposing… 提出…作反理
词组 object to + n doing… 反…反做…
展开 objection n disapproval opposition 反
oblige vt compel 迫
词组 be much obliged to sb for sth be very grateful thankful to sb for sth
谋事某感谢
be obliged to do… 迫做…
展开 obligation n being forced or required to do sth 义务
observe vt watch carefully obey 观察遵守
词组 observe （sb sth） do… doing…观察（某某事）做 做…
observe the traffic regulations 遵守交通规
observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节
observation n 观察注意
occasion n particular time opportunity 场合时机
词组 on such an occasion 样场合
on occasion 时
take this that occasion 机会
展开 occasional adj 偶尔 occasionally adv 偶尔
occupation n employment 工作职业较正式法指长久性事职业
辨析 career n 生涯职业指谋生目职业生涯 ：follow a career
profession n 职业尤指受高等教育专门训练职业
：the teaching profession
job work n 工作普通语 job数名词work数名词
occupy vt have possession of 占占
词组 occupy oneself with in 忙（某事）
be occupied in with忙（某事）正做（某事）
occur vi (occurred occurred occurring) happen come into one’s mind exist
发生想起出现存
词组 sth occurred to sb 某事某想起
例句 It occurred to sb that …某想起…
Misprints occur on every page 页存印刷错误
辨析面句子：
An idea occurred to me 意 An idea hit me 意
An idea struck me 意 I hit on an idea 意
展开 Occurrence n 发生事（数）发生（数）
offer vt n put forward provide 提出提供
词组 offer to do… （动）提出做某事
offer a suggestion 提出建议
辨析 offer sb sth offer sth to sb （动）某某物
supply sb with sth supply sth to sb 供某某物
provide sb with sth provide sth for sb 提供某某物
once adv one time 次 conj as soon as when 旦
词组 at once 立马 all at once 突然
once a day 天次 once againonce more 次
once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 前
Once heard the song can never be forgotten
Once stages the play must be a great success
oneself pron ( used when people in general cause and are affected by an action )
亲
词组 (all) by oneself on one’s own 独
to oneself 独享专
of oneself 动
for oneself
between ourselves 足外道外传
in oneself 身说
not be (feel) oneself 身体舒服
only adv no one or nothing else 仅仅
词组 the only child 独生孩子 only too 非常
If only 愿（句中动词虚拟语气）
例句 I shall be only too pleased to come 非常乐意
He went to the company only to be told that he was dismissed
(unexpected result) 动词定式表示意料外结果
If only I were a bird 果鸟
If only I had taken his advice 听话
If only he would stop talking 愿停止讲话
Only once was he beaten for his dishonesty 次诚实
Only by working hard can we succeed in everything
通努力切成功
注 Only + 副词 介词短语 状语句 + 助动词 + 语
（Only句首修饰状语 语谓语倒装）
果only面状语倒装
Only Mr Smith knows this Smith知道事
open adj allowing things or people to go or be taken in out or through not closed
开着开放 v become open be opened 开开
词组 opening speech 开幕词
the opening ceremony 开幕式
opening remarks 开场白
in the open air 露天里室外
in the open 公开（）
with open arms an open hand 热情（欢迎）
be open to 容易受（诱惑批评等）愿意考虑 （查参加）
例句 Any boy is open to temptation 男孩容易诱惑
I am open to your suggestions 愿意考虑建议
展开 openly adv 公开 坦率 opening n 开口处
operate vi perform a surgical operation 实行手术开刀
vt work control开动理
词组 operate the machine 开机器 operate the factory 理工厂
operate on sb 某作手术 operation n 手术
opinion n belief or judgment 意见法
词组 in one’s opinion 某
have a good high poor etc opinion of……印象坏等认…坏等
例句 I haven’t much of an opinion of him 印象样
opposite n thing that is as different as possible 立面立物
adj having a position on other side 面反
adv on the other side of… facing 面
词组 on the opposite side of the street 街面
in the opposite direction 相反方
opposite to …面…相反
例句 His house is opposite to mine 房子面
Hot is opposite to cold 热反义词冷
She says one thing but means the opposite 说反话
The hotel is opposite the church (prep) 旅馆教堂面
order n way in which people or things are placed conditions in which everything is carefully and neatly arranged次序整齐秩序
vt request sb to bring ( food drink etc) arrange command
（菜饭饮料等）整理命令
词组 in order that 便（句）
in order to do something…做某事
in order 序井井条处良状态
out of order 坏合规定
in good order 处良状态
place an order for sth with… …订购某物
展开 orderly adj 整齐秩序
ordinary adj normal usual 普通常指淡奇特殊
词组 ordinary people 普通 (暗指淡庸)
辨析 common adj 普通 常见指某事物常见足奇
意
common disease 常见病 common knowledge sense 常识
have something in common
general adj 普通般指普通存事物中较少例外普众化意
a general idea致解
a matter of general interest普遍感兴趣事
in general般体
average adj 均般指处中等均状态 the average age（均年龄）
other adj different from
词组 each other 互相
every other day 隔天
more than 超
none other than
one after another the other 接相继
the other day 前久天
some…or other 某
for some reason or other 某种原
other than
rather than
辨析 others 指定物（复数）
We must think more of others 想想
Some… others………
Some cleaned the windows others mopped the floor 擦窗户擦板
the others表示范围全部
The dictionary is better than the others on the shelf 词典书架余
the other 两者中
He has two nephews One is a doctor the other is a steel worker
两侄医生钢铁工
another 物
To learn is one thing to teach is quite another学回事教回事
out of lacking sth without 缺乏没
词组 out of sympathy 出情心 out of curiosity 出奇心
out of sight 见 out of danger 脱险
out of fashion 时兴 out of order 坏
out of date 时 out of work 失业
run out of money 完钱
outdoor adj existing in the open air户外 反义词：indoor
outdoors adv in the open air out of doors 户外
展开 反义词：indoors 义词：outside in the open air
over adv ended 结束
词组 over and over (again) 反复
all over 浑身全部整
(all) over again 重新
be all over 全完
over here 边 over there 边
discuss sth over lunch 吃午饭时商议某事
例句 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea 边喝茶边愉快聊天
owe vt recognize … as the cause or source of sth feel gratitude in return for a service favour etc …公应感谢
词组 owe sb sth 欠某某物
owe sth to sb …应功…亏
展开 owner n 物 ownership n 制
owing adj 欠着未付
owing to
义词： thanks to because of
pace n single step in walking or running speed （）步步速
词组 keep pace with
pain n physical suffering or discomfort caused by injury or disease 疼痛痛
词组 go to great pains to do…努力做…工夫做…
take pains to do…费事做…工夫做…
in pain 疼痛痛苦
with pain 疼痛痛
例句 I’m wounded and in pain 受伤痛
The boy was crying with pain after he broke his arm男孩胳膀摔断痛直哭
part n some but not all of a thing or number of things role played by an actor in a play film etc piece or component of a machine 部分角色零件
词组 play a …part in 起…作
take part in 参加 part of 部分
parts of speech 词类
for the most part 部分数情况
例句 A sense of humor is part of a healthy personality 幽默感健康性部分
participate vi take part or become involved 参加
词组 participate in 参参加
展开 participation n 参 participant n 参加者
particular adj relating to one person or thing special exceptional 特定特殊
n detail 详细情况（复数形式）
词组 be particular about …挑剔
in particular 特特
go into particulars 细谈
辨析 peculiar adj 奇怪独特 指具件事物特类事物特征 Each person’s fingerprints are peculiar to himself 指纹独二．
particular adj 特general 相 强调单性含意思
I have nothing particular to do this afternoon 天午没什特事做
展开 particularly adv 特尤
pass vt give sth to sb by handing it to him go past achieve the required standard in a test传递通（考试检查等 vi n 通行证通
词组 pass away 世
pass by 旁理回避
pass on 传递传授
pass down 传
mention sth in passing 带提
例句 He passed the park 公园
It had passed through various stages of development 发展阶段
The place was well guarded and you couldn’t get in without a pass 严加防范证进入展开
past prep adj 前 n 前
In the past two years I had seen him little 两年里少见
The boy rushed past us 男孩身旁
In the past I had many jobs 做工作
passerby n （）路 (复数passersby)
pat v& n (patted patted patting) tap gently 轻拍 轻
词组 pat sb on the shoulder back 拍某肩 背
pattern n model design arrangement of lines shapes colours etc 模式图案花样
词组 sentence patterns 句型
pay vt hand over the amount of sth 支付付钱……报酬
vi give money 付款 n money paid for regular work 工资薪水
词组 pay the bill doctor 付帐单 医生费 pay a call visit to 访问拜访
pay attention to 注意…
pay back 偿
pay the fine pay the fee
pay for 付…钱
pay off 偿掉付掉
pay sb by the hour 时某付酬
辨析 pay 普通语笼统指salarywage 等定时领取工资指军队津贴数名词 His pay went up every year
salary 指脑力劳动获工钱通常年计算数名词数名词
He is earning a pretty good salary at the bank
wage 指体力劳动获工钱通常时计算数名词复数形式wages惯谓语动词单数Wages is low in this steel plant
指工资薪水少时三名词highlow表示salarybig large small修饰
peace n state o f freedom from war or violence
词组 at peace 处局面宁静 at peace with …相处
make peace (with) （…）讲解
peace of mind 心理安宁
展开 peaceful adj 安宁
people n persons nation race（复数形式指a person）民民族
例句 The Chinese people are hardworking 中国民勤劳
The Chinese are a hardworking people 中国勤劳民族
permit vt allow give permission for… 允许许
词组 permit sb to do sth 允许某做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
例句 We’ll play football weather permitting We’ll play football if weather permits
天气允许踢足球
展开 permission n 允许准许 with one’s permission 某允许
persevere vi continue trying to do sth 坚持
辨析 persevere 表示坚持懈屈扰努力
常见词组： persevere in sth doing sth 坚持某事 做某事
persevere with sth 坚持某事
persist 坚持 般行动表示顾困难阻碍表示顽固听开导劝告常见词组：persist in sth doing sth（固执见）坚持（做）某事
stick 坚持放弃 常见词组：stick to sth 坚持某事物
insist 坚决求坚持认 意见张
常见词组：insist on sth 坚持某事
insist that… 意坚持求（句谓语动词虚拟语气）
insist that…意坚持说坚持认(句谓语动词陈述语气）
展开 perseverance n 毅力坚持
persuade vt cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with 说服劝说
词组 persuade sb to do sth 说服某做某事
Persuade （talk）sb into doing sth 劝说某做某事
persuade sb out of doing劝说某做某事
try to persuade sb to do sth advise sb to do sth
劝说某做某事（指劝动作指结果）
展开 persuasion n 说服劝说 persuasive adj 说服
pick vt pluck gather or remove … from the place where they grow 采摘
vi （）采摘
词组 pick flowers 摘花 pick out a new dress 挑选新礼服
pick up languages （非正式）学语言
pick me up at the hotel 车旅馆接
pity n feeling of sorrow caused by the suffering trouble etc of others regret
情怜遗憾
词组 have take pity on 怜…
out of pity 出情
It is a pity that… …遗憾事
What a pity you did not come to the dancing party
place vt put … in a particular place 放
n a particular area 方
词组 in place 方适
in place of 代
out of place 方放恰
take one’s place 入座
take place 发生
take the place of 代
plan vt make a plan intend arrange 计划安排
n arrangement for doing or using sth 计划
词组 plan to do sth 计划做某事
plan for 作计划算
according to plan 计划
play n drama 剧
v do things for pleasure take part in a game 玩（球）
词组 play a part (role) in 起作 play about around 胡闹胡混轻率
play a trick (joke) on 耍弄捉弄开玩笑…
play truant 逃学
play with 玩玩弄 play with fire 玩火
展开 player n 赛者运动员 playground n 操场
pleasure n state or feeling of being happy or satisfied 愉快高兴
词组 at one’s pleasure 某意思
have the pleasure of 幸…屈驾…
take (a) pleasure in 喜欢（作某事）（作某事）高兴
with pleasure 愉快高兴
my our a pleasure 高兴做事甭客气
辨析 pleased 高兴满意（常作表语语）
He didn’t seem pleased with my work 工作满意
pleasing 令满意令高兴 （强调事物感觉印象修饰时取乐意味）
The flowers in the garden are pleasing to eyes 院子里花令赏心悦目
He tried to be pleasing 力讨喜欢
pleasant 令愉快舒适 （指事物外表悦质吸引处尤指风趣事物）
It is pleasant to go swimming in such fine weather样天气海里游泳令愉快
Our new teacher is a pleasant young man 新老师蔼亲年轻
展开 please adv 请 vt 高兴满意
plenty n number or amount that is sufficient充足量
词组 in plenty
辨析 plenty of + 数名词 数名词
a lot of + 数名词 数名词
lots of + 数名词 数名词
a large quantity of + 数名词 数名词
quantities of + 数名词
a large amount of + 数名词
a great deal of + 数名词
a large number of + 数名词
a good many + 数名词
many a + 单数数名词
point v show the position or direction of … indicate 指指出指明
n dot 点数点
词组 point of view 观点法 strong good point 优点长处
at this point 时候 be on the point of 正（做某事）
come to the point 谈正题谈问题 to the point 中肯切题
point at 指着 point to 注意 说明会（）
point out 指出
例句 There is no point in doing sth 做某事意义 没道理
polite adj having or showing that one has good manners refined 礼貌教养
词组 be polite to sb 某礼貌
It is polite of someone to do something
展开 politely adv 礼貌 politeness n 彬彬礼礼貌
poor adj deserving pity or sympathy having very little money with which to buy one’s basic needs 怜贫穷
词组 in poor health 身体 poor (low) quality
展开 poorly adv 贫苦
be poorly off 贫苦缺乏 反义词：be well off 富裕
think poorly of someone something
poverty n 贫穷穷困 the poverty line povertystricken areas
popular adj liked or enjoyed by many people 众流行
词组 be popular with 受欢迎
展开 popularity n 出名受家喜爱 popularize vt 宣传 家知道
population n total number of these 口口数
例句 The population of Scotland was nearly two million 苏格兰口二百万
80 of the population in China are farmers 中国80农民
China has a population of 13 billion
position n place where sb sth is 位置方位
词组 in a position to do sth 权做某事做某事办法做某事
in position 站位置放位置
out of position 位没摆
take up a position 选方站住
possibility n state of being possible （性）
词组 There is a possibility of……性
There is no possibility that…没…性
辨析 possible adj 强调客观性常常带实际性暗示常见词组
It is possible that … as…as possible if possible
probable adj 概指根合情理值相信事物常见句型
It is probable that…
likely adj& adv许 侧重表面颇 常见句型
(sb sth) be likely to do be likely of
It is likely that
likely作副词时前面定加verymost
power n energy ability to do or act strength 电力 力 力
词组 in power 权 执政 come into power (开始) 权 执政 台
in one’s power to do (all everything等词连)切力量做…
例句 He had done all in his power to make them comfortable 切力量舒服
辨析 energy n 物理学量：atomic energy 原子身指生理精力常见短语：full of energy
strength n 意体力者表示力量强度
force n 意力量武力着重力产生实际效果forces常指军队：air forces（空军）词组：by force of circumstances 迫环境迫形势
come into force 开始效开始执行
vigor n 意活力生命力量：
Although he is now over sixty he has not lost his youthful vigor
现六十岁未失年轻活力
展开 powerful adj 强力功率 powerless adj 力
praise vt n express approval or admiration for … 表扬赞扬
词组 praise…for …赞扬 in praise of 赞扬…
sing someone’s praises (the praises of) 颂扬…
pray vt make requests known beg 祈祷祈求
词组 pray for …祈祷
例句 He prayed to God that he might be forgiven 祈祷帝原谅
I pray you to think again 恳求考虑
I pray for your good health 健康祈祷
prefer vt choose sth rather than sth else like sth better 宁更喜欢
词组 prefer sth doing sth 宁愿…更喜欢…
prefer to do sth宁愿做…
prefer that…宁愿（句虚拟语气）
prefer…to…喜欢…喜欢…
prefer to do…rather than do…宁愿做…愿…
展开 preference n …偏爱更喜欢东西 in preference to
prepare v get ready 准备
词组 prepare dinner 做饭 prepare for the party 晚会作准备
be prepared for……作准备
例句 Hope for the best and prepare for the worst存美希做坏算
展开 preparation n 准备
in preparation 准备中
in preparation for作…准备
make preparations for……作准备
presence n being present in a place 场出席
词组 in the presence of …面前…面
present n gift now attendance 礼物现目前场出席
vt give or hand over sth to sb supply 赠送提供
adj happening now being in a place现目前出席
词组 present sth to sb 某物赠某 present sb with sth 赠某某物
the present address 现址
people present 场 at present 现刻会
例句 They presented flowers to their teachers 老师送花
Our class presented the school with a picture 班学校赠送副画
展开 presently adv 久刻 presentation n 赠送演出
preserve vt keep in a an unchanged or perfect condition 保护保存（完）
例句 The site of the ancient city is well preserved 古城遗址保护
辨析 reserve vt 保留储备
reserve a room for sb 某预定房间
reserve your strength for the climb 储备力量登山
protect vt 保护避免受伤害 句型：
protect …保护… protect …from…保护…受
prevent vt 阻止妨碍 句型：
prevent sb sth 防止…
prevent doing…防止做…
prevent…from……做阻止… 做
pretend v make oneself appear to be …假装
词组 pretend to do… 假装做… pretend to be doing something
pretend to have done something pretend that… 假装(接句)
pretend to 称具
例句 He pretends to great knowledge 称知识渊博
pride n feeling of pleasure or satisfaction which one get from owing sth excellent arrogance豪骄傲
词组 Pride comes goes before a fall 骄者必败
take pride in …感骄傲
pride (v) oneself on upon …感骄傲
展开 proud adj 豪骄傲 be proud of ……感骄傲豪
proudly adv 豪骄傲 with pride proudly
principal adj first in rank or importance chief main 重
eg principal food 食
n person with the highest authority in a school or college
中（）学校长（英）学校长
辨析 principle n 原理
in principle 原规定道理 on principle 出信念原
private adj personal 私私公公开 相立
：private affairs 私事 a private conversation 密谈
辨析 personal adj 私强调 非团体相 personal opinion观点
Individual adj 体相集体：give individual attention予注意 individual economy 体济
privacy n 隐私秘密
problem n question 问题题 指客观存等解决问题尤指棘手难题数理等学科问题强调困难性动词discuss solve work out 等起
The young workers and engineers often discuss technical problems in the workshop 年青工工程师常车间讨技术问题（指客观存技术问题）
辨析 question n 问题 通常指观产生需考虑回答说明问题动词ask answer reply to等起
The question is when we shall go outing 问题什时候交游（指观产生问题）
vt 询问审问 question someone on something
progress n forward or onward movement 进步进展
词组 make progress with …方面取进展 in progress 进行中举行
展开 义词 under way 进行举行 under construction（正）修建
progressive adj 进步前进
prohibit vt forbid prevent 禁止阻止
词组 prohibit sth 禁止…
prohibit sb from doing sth 阻止某做某事
promise v make a promise 允诺
n written or spoken declaration that one will do or not do 允诺诺言
辨析 seem 实表判断 look 事感官 appear 中假象 promise 乐观
说明： seem作起（象）……解表示定根起接实际判断：He seems （to be） quite old起老（确老）look表示视觉印象：He looks quite old起(象)老appear讲外观表象：He appears （to be）quite old显老（实际情况定）promise表示……指……指意思
It promises to be fine tomorrow明天转晴
A timely snow promises a good harvest瑞雪兆丰年
展开 promising adj 希前途 a promising future
propose vt suggest put forward 提议建议
词组 propose to do … doing…建议做… propose sth 建议做某事
propose that sb (should) do …建议某做某事
展开 proposal n 提议建议
He gave the proposal that we should do something
protest n v express strong disagreement 抗议 反
词组 protest about against at… …抗议 反
prove vt show sth is true or certain 证明证实
vi turn out to be sth 证明结果
例句 linkv 证明事实表明
The article has proved (to be) most useful 篇文章证明
He proved (to be) a very good friend 证明非常朋友
He proved himself to be successful
provide vt offer present make sth available for sb to use 供提供
词组 provide sb with sth 供某某物
provide sth for sb 某物供某
providing provided (that) conj 果…话
例句 We’ll visit Europe next year provided (providing that) we have the money
果钱话明年欧洲
public adj of or concerning people in general 公众公
词组 public school 公学 public conveniences 公厕
public servant 公仆公务员
make something public 公开公布 in public 公开公众面前
punish v hurt imprison fine sb for wrongdoing 惩罚处罚
词组 punish sb for sth 惩罚某某事
展开 punishment n 惩罚惩处
purpose n intention the thing that one intends to do 目意图
词组 on purpose 意意特意
for …purpose …目
for the purpose of
serve ( answer) a (the) purpose 达…目起…作
展开 purposeful adj 目坚决 purposefully adv 目
purposely with a purpose adv 意意特意
puzzle vt make (sb) think hard 迷惑
n question that is difficult to understand or answer mystery 难题令费解事
例句 His face wore a puzzled expression 脸现出困惑表情
I find this affair very puzzling 发现事令费解
I’m puzzled at the affair
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vt give … as a reason for opposing… 提出…作反理
词组 object to + n doing… 反…反做…
展开 objection n disapproval opposition 反
oblige vt compel 迫
词组 be much obliged to sb for sth be very grateful thankful to sb for sth
谋事某感谢
be obliged to do… 迫做…
展开 obligation n being forced or required to do sth 义务
observe vt watch carefully obey 观察遵守
词组 observe （sb sth） do… doing…观察（某某事）做 做…
observe the traffic regulations 遵守交通规
observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节
observation n 观察注意
occasion n particular time opportunity 场合时机
词组 on such an occasion 样场合
on occasion 时
take this that occasion 机会
展开 occasional adj 偶尔 occasionally adv 偶尔
occupation n employment 工作职业较正式法指长久性事职业
辨析 career n 生涯职业指谋生目职业生涯 ：follow a career
profession n 职业尤指受高等教育专门训练职业
：the teaching profession
job work n 工作普通语 job数名词work数名词
occupy vt have possession of 占占
词组 occupy oneself with in 忙（某事）
be occupied in with忙（某事）正做（某事）
occur vi (occurred occurred occurring) happen come into one’s mind exist
发生想起出现存
词组 sth occurred to sb 某事某想起
例句 It occurred to sb that …某想起…
Misprints occur on every page 页存印刷错误
辨析面句子：
An idea occurred to me 意 An idea hit me 意
An idea struck me 意 I hit on an idea 意
展开 Occurrence n 发生事（数）发生（数）
offer vt n put forward provide 提出提供
词组 offer to do… （动）提出做某事
offer a suggestion 提出建议
辨析 offer sb sth offer sth to sb （动）某某物
supply sb with sth supply sth to sb 供某某物
provide sb with sth provide sth for sb 提供某某物
once adv one time 次 conj as soon as when 旦
词组 at once 立马 all at once 突然
once a day 天次 once againonce more 次
once in a while 偶尔 once upon a time 前
Once heard the song can never be forgotten
Once stages the play must be a great success
oneself pron ( used when people in general cause and are affected by an action )
亲
词组 (all) by oneself on one’s own 独
to oneself 独享专
of oneself 动
for oneself
between ourselves 足外道外传
in oneself 身说
not be (feel) oneself 身体舒服
only adv no one or nothing else 仅仅
词组 the only child 独生孩子 only too 非常
If only 愿（句中动词虚拟语气）
例句 I shall be only too pleased to come 非常乐意
He went to the company only to be told that he was dismissed
(unexpected result) 动词定式表示意料外结果
If only I were a bird 果鸟
If only I had taken his advice 听话
If only he would stop talking 愿停止讲话
Only once was he beaten for his dishonesty 次诚实
Only by working hard can we succeed in everything
通努力切成功
注 Only + 副词 介词短语 状语句 + 助动词 + 语
（Only句首修饰状语 语谓语倒装）
果only面状语倒装
Only Mr Smith knows this Smith知道事
open adj allowing things or people to go or be taken in out or through not closed
开着开放 v become open be opened 开开
词组 opening speech 开幕词
the opening ceremony 开幕式
opening remarks 开场白
in the open air 露天里室外
in the open 公开（）
with open arms an open hand 热情（欢迎）
be open to 容易受（诱惑批评等）愿意考虑 （查参加）
例句 Any boy is open to temptation 男孩容易诱惑
I am open to your suggestions 愿意考虑建议
展开 openly adv 公开 坦率 opening n 开口处
operate vi perform a surgical operation 实行手术开刀
vt work control开动理
词组 operate the machine 开机器 operate the factory 理工厂
operate on sb 某作手术 operation n 手术
opinion n belief or judgment 意见法
词组 in one’s opinion 某
have a good high poor etc opinion of……印象坏等认…坏等
例句 I haven’t much of an opinion of him 印象样
opposite n thing that is as different as possible 立面立物
adj having a position on other side 面反
adv on the other side of… facing 面
词组 on the opposite side of the street 街面
in the opposite direction 相反方
opposite to …面…相反
例句 His house is opposite to mine 房子面
Hot is opposite to cold 热反义词冷
She says one thing but means the opposite 说反话
The hotel is opposite the church (prep) 旅馆教堂面
order n way in which people or things are placed conditions in which everything is carefully and neatly arranged次序整齐秩序
vt request sb to bring ( food drink etc) arrange command
（菜饭饮料等）整理命令
词组 in order that 便（句）
in order to do something…做某事
in order 序井井条处良状态
out of order 坏合规定
in good order 处良状态
place an order for sth with… …订购某物
展开 orderly adj 整齐秩序
ordinary adj normal usual 普通常指淡奇特殊
词组 ordinary people 普通 (暗指淡庸)
辨析 common adj 普通 常见指某事物常见足奇
意
common disease 常见病 common knowledge sense 常识
have something in common
general adj 普通般指普通存事物中较少例外普众化意
a general idea致解
a matter of general interest普遍感兴趣事
in general般体
average adj 均般指处中等均状态 the average age（均年龄）
other adj different from
词组 each other 互相
every other day 隔天
more than 超
none other than
one after another the other 接相继
the other day 前久天
some…or other 某
for some reason or other 某种原
other than
rather than
辨析 others 指定物（复数）
We must think more of others 想想
Some… others………
Some cleaned the windows others mopped the floor 擦窗户擦板
the others表示范围全部
The dictionary is better than the others on the shelf 词典书架余
the other 两者中
He has two nephews One is a doctor the other is a steel worker
两侄医生钢铁工
another 物
To learn is one thing to teach is quite another学回事教回事
out of lacking sth without 缺乏没
词组 out of sympathy 出情心 out of curiosity 出奇心
out of sight 见 out of danger 脱险
out of fashion 时兴 out of order 坏
out of date 时 out of work 失业
run out of money 完钱
outdoor adj existing in the open air户外 反义词：indoor
outdoors adv in the open air out of doors 户外
展开 反义词：indoors 义词：outside in the open air
over adv ended 结束
词组 over and over (again) 反复
all over 浑身全部整
(all) over again 重新
be all over 全完
over here 边 over there 边
discuss sth over lunch 吃午饭时商议某事
例句 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea 边喝茶边愉快聊天
owe vt recognize … as the cause or source of sth feel gratitude in return for a service favour etc …公应感谢
词组 owe sb sth 欠某某物
owe sth to sb …应功…亏
展开 owner n 物 ownership n 制
owing adj 欠着未付
owing to
义词： thanks to because of
pace n single step in walking or running speed （）步步速
词组 keep pace with
pain n physical suffering or discomfort caused by injury or disease 疼痛痛
词组 go to great pains to do…努力做…工夫做…
take pains to do…费事做…工夫做…
in pain 疼痛痛苦
with pain 疼痛痛
例句 I’m wounded and in pain 受伤痛
The boy was crying with pain after he broke his arm男孩胳膀摔断痛直哭
part n some but not all of a thing or number of things role played by an actor in a play film etc piece or component of a machine 部分角色零件
词组 play a …part in 起…作
take part in 参加 part of 部分
parts of speech 词类
for the most part 部分数情况
例句 A sense of humor is part of a healthy personality 幽默感健康性部分
participate vi take part or become involved 参加
词组 participate in 参参加
展开 participation n 参 participant n 参加者
particular adj relating to one person or thing special exceptional 特定特殊
n detail 详细情况（复数形式）
词组 be particular about …挑剔
in particular 特特
go into particulars 细谈
辨析 peculiar adj 奇怪独特 指具件事物特类事物特征 Each person’s fingerprints are peculiar to himself 指纹独二．
particular adj 特general 相 强调单性含意思
I have nothing particular to do this afternoon 天午没什特事做
展开 particularly adv 特尤
pass vt give sth to sb by handing it to him go past achieve the required standard in a test传递通（考试检查等 vi n 通行证通
词组 pass away 世
pass by 旁理回避
pass on 传递传授
pass down 传
mention sth in passing 带提
例句 He passed the park 公园
It had passed through various stages of development 发展阶段
The place was well guarded and you couldn’t get in without a pass 严加防范证进入展开
past prep adj 前 n 前
In the past two years I had seen him little 两年里少见
The boy rushed past us 男孩身旁
In the past I had many jobs 做工作
passerby n （）路 (复数passersby)
pat v& n (patted patted patting) tap gently 轻拍 轻
词组 pat sb on the shoulder back 拍某肩 背
pattern n model design arrangement of lines shapes colours etc 模式图案花样
词组 sentence patterns 句型
pay vt hand over the amount of sth 支付付钱……报酬
vi give money 付款 n money paid for regular work 工资薪水
词组 pay the bill doctor 付帐单 医生费 pay a call visit to 访问拜访
pay attention to 注意…
pay back 偿
pay the fine pay the fee
pay for 付…钱
pay off 偿掉付掉
pay sb by the hour 时某付酬
辨析 pay 普通语笼统指salarywage 等定时领取工资指军队津贴数名词 His pay went up every year
salary 指脑力劳动获工钱通常年计算数名词数名词
He is earning a pretty good salary at the bank
wage 指体力劳动获工钱通常时计算数名词复数形式wages惯谓语动词单数Wages is low in this steel plant
指工资薪水少时三名词highlow表示salarybig large small修饰
peace n state o f freedom from war or violence
词组 at peace 处局面宁静 at peace with …相处
make peace (with) （…）讲解
peace of mind 心理安宁
展开 peaceful adj 安宁
people n persons nation race（复数形式指a person）民民族
例句 The Chinese people are hardworking 中国民勤劳
The Chinese are a hardworking people 中国勤劳民族
permit vt allow give permission for… 允许许
词组 permit sb to do sth 允许某做某事
permit doing sth 允许做某事
例句 We’ll play football weather permitting We’ll play football if weather permits
天气允许踢足球
展开 permission n 允许准许 with one’s permission 某允许
persevere vi continue trying to do sth 坚持
辨析 persevere 表示坚持懈屈扰努力
常见词组： persevere in sth doing sth 坚持某事 做某事
persevere with sth 坚持某事
persist 坚持 般行动表示顾困难阻碍表示顽固听开导劝告常见词组：persist in sth doing sth（固执见）坚持（做）某事
stick 坚持放弃 常见词组：stick to sth 坚持某事物
insist 坚决求坚持认 意见张
常见词组：insist on sth 坚持某事
insist that… 意坚持求（句谓语动词虚拟语气）
insist that…意坚持说坚持认(句谓语动词陈述语气）
展开 perseverance n 毅力坚持
persuade vt cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with 说服劝说
词组 persuade sb to do sth 说服某做某事
Persuade （talk）sb into doing sth 劝说某做某事
persuade sb out of doing劝说某做某事
try to persuade sb to do sth advise sb to do sth
劝说某做某事（指劝动作指结果）
展开 persuasion n 说服劝说 persuasive adj 说服
pick vt pluck gather or remove … from the place where they grow 采摘
vi （）采摘
词组 pick flowers 摘花 pick out a new dress 挑选新礼服
pick up languages （非正式）学语言
pick me up at the hotel 车旅馆接
pity n feeling of sorrow caused by the suffering trouble etc of others regret
情怜遗憾
词组 have take pity on 怜…
out of pity 出情
It is a pity that… …遗憾事
What a pity you did not come to the dancing party
place vt put … in a particular place 放
n a particular area 方
词组 in place 方适
in place of 代
out of place 方放恰
take one’s place 入座
take place 发生
take the place of 代
plan vt make a plan intend arrange 计划安排
n arrangement for doing or using sth 计划
词组 plan to do sth 计划做某事
plan for 作计划算
according to plan 计划
play n drama 剧
v do things for pleasure take part in a game 玩（球）
词组 play a part (role) in 起作 play about around 胡闹胡混轻率
play a trick (joke) on 耍弄捉弄开玩笑…
play truant 逃学
play with 玩玩弄 play with fire 玩火
展开 player n 赛者运动员 playground n 操场
pleasure n state or feeling of being happy or satisfied 愉快高兴
词组 at one’s pleasure 某意思
have the pleasure of 幸…屈驾…
take (a) pleasure in 喜欢（作某事）（作某事）高兴
with pleasure 愉快高兴
my our a pleasure 高兴做事甭客气
辨析 pleased 高兴满意（常作表语语）
He didn’t seem pleased with my work 工作满意
pleasing 令满意令高兴 （强调事物感觉印象修饰时取乐意味）
The flowers in the garden are pleasing to eyes 院子里花令赏心悦目
He tried to be pleasing 力讨喜欢
pleasant 令愉快舒适 （指事物外表悦质吸引处尤指风趣事物）
It is pleasant to go swimming in such fine weather样天气海里游泳令愉快
Our new teacher is a pleasant young man 新老师蔼亲年轻
展开 please adv 请 vt 高兴满意
plenty n number or amount that is sufficient充足量
词组 in plenty
辨析 plenty of + 数名词 数名词
a lot of + 数名词 数名词
lots of + 数名词 数名词
a large quantity of + 数名词 数名词
quantities of + 数名词
a large amount of + 数名词
a great deal of + 数名词
a large number of + 数名词
a good many + 数名词
many a + 单数数名词
point v show the position or direction of … indicate 指指出指明
n dot 点数点
词组 point of view 观点法 strong good point 优点长处
at this point 时候 be on the point of 正（做某事）
come to the point 谈正题谈问题 to the point 中肯切题
point at 指着 point to 注意 说明会（）
point out 指出
例句 There is no point in doing sth 做某事意义 没道理
polite adj having or showing that one has good manners refined 礼貌教养
词组 be polite to sb 某礼貌
It is polite of someone to do something
展开 politely adv 礼貌 politeness n 彬彬礼礼貌
poor adj deserving pity or sympathy having very little money with which to buy one’s basic needs 怜贫穷
词组 in poor health 身体 poor (low) quality
展开 poorly adv 贫苦
be poorly off 贫苦缺乏 反义词：be well off 富裕
think poorly of someone something
poverty n 贫穷穷困 the poverty line povertystricken areas
popular adj liked or enjoyed by many people 众流行
词组 be popular with 受欢迎
展开 popularity n 出名受家喜爱 popularize vt 宣传 家知道
population n total number of these 口口数
例句 The population of Scotland was nearly two million 苏格兰口二百万
80 of the population in China are farmers 中国80农民
China has a population of 13 billion
position n place where sb sth is 位置方位
词组 in a position to do sth 权做某事做某事办法做某事
in position 站位置放位置
out of position 位没摆
take up a position 选方站住
possibility n state of being possible （性）
词组 There is a possibility of……性
There is no possibility that…没…性
辨析 possible adj 强调客观性常常带实际性暗示常见词组
It is possible that … as…as possible if possible
probable adj 概指根合情理值相信事物常见句型
It is probable that…
likely adj& adv许 侧重表面颇 常见句型
(sb sth) be likely to do be likely of
It is likely that
likely作副词时前面定加verymost
power n energy ability to do or act strength 电力 力 力
词组 in power 权 执政 come into power (开始) 权 执政 台
in one’s power to do (all everything等词连)切力量做…
例句 He had done all in his power to make them comfortable 切力量舒服
辨析 energy n 物理学量：atomic energy 原子身指生理精力常见短语：full of energy
strength n 意体力者表示力量强度
force n 意力量武力着重力产生实际效果forces常指军队：air forces（空军）词组：by force of circumstances 迫环境迫形势
come into force 开始效开始执行
vigor n 意活力生命力量：
Although he is now over sixty he has not lost his youthful vigor
现六十岁未失年轻活力
展开 powerful adj 强力功率 powerless adj 力
praise vt n express approval or admiration for … 表扬赞扬
词组 praise…for …赞扬 in praise of 赞扬…
sing someone’s praises (the praises of) 颂扬…
pray vt make requests known beg 祈祷祈求
词组 pray for …祈祷
例句 He prayed to God that he might be forgiven 祈祷帝原谅
I pray you to think again 恳求考虑
I pray for your good health 健康祈祷
prefer vt choose sth rather than sth else like sth better 宁更喜欢
词组 prefer sth doing sth 宁愿…更喜欢…
prefer to do sth宁愿做…
prefer that…宁愿（句虚拟语气）
prefer…to…喜欢…喜欢…
prefer to do…rather than do…宁愿做…愿…
展开 preference n …偏爱更喜欢东西 in preference to
prepare v get ready 准备
词组 prepare dinner 做饭 prepare for the party 晚会作准备
be prepared for……作准备
例句 Hope for the best and prepare for the worst存美希做坏算
展开 preparation n 准备
in preparation 准备中
in preparation for作…准备
make preparations for……作准备
presence n being present in a place 场出席
词组 in the presence of …面前…面
present n gift now attendance 礼物现目前场出席
vt give or hand over sth to sb supply 赠送提供
adj happening now being in a place现目前出席
词组 present sth to sb 某物赠某 present sb with sth 赠某某物
the present address 现址
people present 场 at present 现刻会
例句 They presented flowers to their teachers 老师送花
Our class presented the school with a picture 班学校赠送副画
展开 presently adv 久刻 presentation n 赠送演出
preserve vt keep in a an unchanged or perfect condition 保护保存（完）
例句 The site of the ancient city is well preserved 古城遗址保护
辨析 reserve vt 保留储备
reserve a room for sb 某预定房间
reserve your strength for the climb 储备力量登山
protect vt 保护避免受伤害 句型：
protect …保护… protect …from…保护…受
prevent vt 阻止妨碍 句型：
prevent sb sth 防止…
prevent doing…防止做…
prevent…from……做阻止… 做
pretend v make oneself appear to be …假装
词组 pretend to do… 假装做… pretend to be doing something
pretend to have done something pretend that… 假装(接句)
pretend to 称具
例句 He pretends to great knowledge 称知识渊博
pride n feeling of pleasure or satisfaction which one get from owing sth excellent arrogance豪骄傲
词组 Pride comes goes before a fall 骄者必败
take pride in …感骄傲
pride (v) oneself on upon …感骄傲
展开 proud adj 豪骄傲 be proud of ……感骄傲豪
proudly adv 豪骄傲 with pride proudly
principal adj first in rank or importance chief main 重
eg principal food 食
n person with the highest authority in a school or college
中（）学校长（英）学校长
辨析 principle n 原理
in principle 原规定道理 on principle 出信念原
private adj personal 私私公公开 相立
：private affairs 私事 a private conversation 密谈
辨析 personal adj 私强调 非团体相 personal opinion观点
Individual adj 体相集体：give individual attention予注意 individual economy 体济
privacy n 隐私秘密
problem n question 问题题 指客观存等解决问题尤指棘手难题数理等学科问题强调困难性动词discuss solve work out 等起
The young workers and engineers often discuss technical problems in the workshop 年青工工程师常车间讨技术问题（指客观存技术问题）
辨析 question n 问题 通常指观产生需考虑回答说明问题动词ask answer reply to等起
The question is when we shall go outing 问题什时候交游（指观产生问题）
vt 询问审问 question someone on something
progress n forward or onward movement 进步进展
词组 make progress with …方面取进展 in progress 进行中举行
展开 义词 under way 进行举行 under construction（正）修建
progressive adj 进步前进
prohibit vt forbid prevent 禁止阻止
词组 prohibit sth 禁止…
prohibit sb from doing sth 阻止某做某事
promise v make a promise 允诺
n written or spoken declaration that one will do or not do 允诺诺言
辨析 seem 实表判断 look 事感官 appear 中假象 promise 乐观
说明： seem作起（象）……解表示定根起接实际判断：He seems （to be） quite old起老（确老）look表示视觉印象：He looks quite old起(象)老appear讲外观表象：He appears （to be）quite old显老（实际情况定）promise表示……指……指意思
It promises to be fine tomorrow明天转晴
A timely snow promises a good harvest瑞雪兆丰年
展开 promising adj 希前途 a promising future
propose vt suggest put forward 提议建议
词组 propose to do … doing…建议做… propose sth 建议做某事
propose that sb (should) do …建议某做某事
展开 proposal n 提议建议
He gave the proposal that we should do something
protest n v express strong disagreement 抗议 反
词组 protest about against at… …抗议 反
prove vt show sth is true or certain 证明证实
vi turn out to be sth 证明结果
例句 linkv 证明事实表明
The article has proved (to be) most useful 篇文章证明
He proved (to be) a very good friend 证明非常朋友
He proved himself to be successful
provide vt offer present make sth available for sb to use 供提供
词组 provide sb with sth 供某某物
provide sth for sb 某物供某
providing provided (that) conj 果…话
例句 We’ll visit Europe next year provided (providing that) we have the money
果钱话明年欧洲
public adj of or concerning people in general 公众公
词组 public school 公学 public conveniences 公厕
public servant 公仆公务员
make something public 公开公布 in public 公开公众面前
punish v hurt imprison fine sb for wrongdoing 惩罚处罚
词组 punish sb for sth 惩罚某某事
展开 punishment n 惩罚惩处
purpose n intention the thing that one intends to do 目意图
词组 on purpose 意意特意
for …purpose …目
for the purpose of
serve ( answer) a (the) purpose 达…目起…作
展开 purposeful adj 目坚决 purposefully adv 目
purposely with a purpose adv 意意特意
puzzle vt make (sb) think hard 迷惑
n question that is difficult to understand or answer mystery 难题令费解事
例句 His face wore a puzzled expression 脸现出困惑表情
I find this affair very puzzling 发现事令费解
I’m puzzled at the affair
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