高考英语-archivetemp专题五　阅读补全（七选五）

专题五　阅读补全(七选五)
考纲解读


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　　卷名[源ZxxkCom]
考点　　
2017
2016[源学科网]
2015
2014
2013[源学科网ZXXK]
[源学+科+网]
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅲ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅲ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
课标Ⅰ
课标Ⅱ
旨句
1
1
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0
1
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0
1
渡句
3
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1
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细节句
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考点
容
阅读补全考查考生文章整体容结构文逻辑理解掌握


分析解读
阅读补全七选五题型求考生篇留5空白约300词短文中根文章结构容 7 选项中选出佳答案填入相应空白处补全短文意思通前连贯 种题型突出考查考生语篇结构分析力属语言范畴语言组织规律考查文章篇章结构考查

命题探究
(2017课标全国Ⅱ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you􀆳re trying to get work done　1　 there are several ways to handle things Let􀆳s take a look at them now 
　2　 Tell the person you􀆳re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time 
When people try to interrupt you have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you􀆳ll find them then　3　 It can help to eliminate(消)future interruptions 
When you need to talk to someone don􀆳t do it in your own office　4　 it􀆳s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are 







命题方法
命题篇文章(说明文)中抽出旨句渡句细节句进行命题中事实细节方面命题例较

精准审题
通扫读方法解文说明文介绍工作中避免干扰方法文章架构属总——分形式

解题步骤
1通设题位置判断
(1)段首设空般找概括文中心意思选项
(2)段尾设空般找总结纳该段选项
2根语境线索判断语境线索指反应文关系衔接手段篇章结构词语重现逻辑连接指代构等
(1)词语重现仅指词语简单出现指某词语词类词性数格时态语态等形式出现(2)逻辑指事物间存必然关系包括时间先关系空间位置关系果关系纳总结关系总分关系等(3)连接指连接词连接语表明文间逻辑关系and however thereforeas a resultthushencein shortto sum upin a word等词语(4)指代指代词代前文提物事件物品等it he she they等(5)构指文结构类似句子
　　If you have a door to your office make good use of it　5　 If someone knocks and it􀆳s not an important matter excuse yourself and let the person know you􀆳re busy so they can get the hint(暗示)that when the door is closed you􀆳re not to be disturbed① 
AIf you􀆳re busy don􀆳t feel bad about saying no
BWhen you want to avoid interruptions at work
CSet boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes
DIf you􀆳re in the other person􀆳s office or in a public area
EIt􀆳s important that you let them know when you􀆳ll be available
FIt might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you
GLeave it open when you􀆳re available to talk and close it when you􀆳re not






高效解题
　　第1题空第段段总体概括引出文空格处句空格句子句BD两项符合求段第1词InterruptionsB项中interruptions属词语重现答案B项
第2段开始作者分介绍免受干扰方法
第2题 第2空段首段题句根面支撑句结合A项中don􀆳t feel bad about saying no推知答案A项
第3题段首句(想干扰安排时间告诉时间时间找)段题句第3空句进步说明E项中let them know when you􀆳ll be available句中let them know to come back during that time构形式答案E项
第4题第1句中don􀆳t do it in your own officeD项中other person􀆳s office相应答案D项外根句子结构知空状语句设空处句选项中BD两项符合根词汇复现现象容易出答案D项
第5题段题充分利办公室门(door)G项中it指代句中door外G项中opendoor关系答案G项
答案
1B　2A　3E　4D　5G
注释
①If someone knocks and it􀆳s not an important matter excuse yourself and let the person know you􀆳re busy so they can get the hint (暗示)that when the door is closed you􀆳re not to be disturbed 果敲门重事情找理知道忙样会种暗示门关着时候想干扰
if引导条件状语句句中you􀆳re busyknow宾语so(that)引导目状语句中包含that引导位语句解释说明hint容时位语句中包含when引导时间状语句

五年高考


Passage 1(2017课标全国Ⅰ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping I would have laughed heartily Campers in my eyes were people who enjoyed insect bites illcooked meals and uncomfortable sleeping bags They had nothing in common with me 　1　 
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer 　2　 We slept in a tent cooked over an open fire and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor􀆳s bill for my son􀆳s food poisoning 
I was nevertheless talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness 　3　 Instead we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life 
　4　We have done a lot of it since Recently we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set There is a separate bedroom a modern kitchen with a refrigerator The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains 
　5　It must be true that sooner or later everyone finds his or her way back to nature I recommend that you find your way in style 
AThis time there was no tent
BThings are going to be improved
CThe trip they took me on was a rough one
DI was to learn a lot about camping since then however
EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping
FAfter the trip my family became quite interested in camping
GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall
答案

1D　
2C　
3A　
4F　
5E　

Passage 2(2017课标全国Ⅲ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock In fact the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock 　1　 Here􀆳s how to make one 
●　2　 In order to make a change you need to decide why it􀆳s important Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family get in some exercise or just be better prepared for your day Once you are clear about your reasons tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make 
●Rethink mornings Now that you know why you want to wake up consider rearranging your morning activities If you want time to have breakfast with your family save some time the night before by setting out clothes shoes and bags 　3　 That􀆳s a quarterhour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer 
●Keep your sleepwake schedule on weekends If you􀆳re tired out by Friday night sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week a recent study found 　4　 
●Keep a record and evaluate it weekly Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel After you􀆳ve tried a new method for a week take a look at your record 　5　If not take another look at other methods you could try 
AGet a sleep specialist
BFind the right motivation
CA better plan for sleep can help
DAnd consider setting a second alarm
EIf the steps you take are working keep it up
FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time no matter the day
GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee
答案

1C　
2B　
3G　
4F　
5E　

　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　　

Passage 3(2017浙江)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
How to Do ManontheStreet Interviews
The manonthestreet interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot　1　But with these tips your first manonthestreet interview experience can be easy 
·When your boss or professor sends you out to do manonthestreet interviews for a story think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it For example if your topic is about environmental problems in America you might askWhy do you think environmental protection is important in America　2　 
·Hit the streets with confidence　3　SayExcuse me I work for XYZ News and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topicThis is a quick way to get people to warm up to you 
·Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera Don􀆳t get discouraged
·　4　Each interview that you get on the street shouldn􀆳t be longer than ten minutes As soon as you get the answer you need move on to the next person Make sure that as you go from interview to interview you are getting a variety of answers If everyone is giving you the same answer you won􀆳t be able to use it A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten　5　 
·If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air don􀆳t leave work without them
ALimit your time
BAs you approach people be polite
CIf you don􀆳t own a camera you can buy one
DFor new reporters this can seem like a challenging task
ETo get good and useful results ask them the same question
FThat number of interviews should give you all the answers you need
GWith a question like this you will get more than a Yes or No reply
答案

1D　
2G　
3B　
4A　
5F　

Passage 4(2017北京)
根短文容短文七选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Every animal sleeps but the reason for this has remained foggy When lab rats are not allowed to sleep they die within a month 　1　 
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories 　2　We know that while awake fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing(加强) connections between brain cells but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear 
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神元) in the brain can be weakened overnight making room for fresh memories to form the next day 　3　 
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right 　4　 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping 
If Tononi􀆳s theory is right it would explain why when we miss a night􀆳s sleep we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information—our brains may have smaller room for new experiences
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size 　5　You keep what matters Tononi says 
AWe should also try to sleep well the night before
BIt􀆳s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories
CSimilarly when people go for a few days without sleeping they get sick
DThe processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories
EThat􀆳s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning
FSleep is the price we pay for learning says Giulio Tononi who developed the idea
GTononi􀆳s team measured the size of these connections or synapses in the brains of 12 mice
答案

1C　
2E　
3F　
4G　
5B　

Passage 5(2016课标全国Ⅰ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Secret codes(密码)keep messages private Banks companies and government agencies use secret codes in doing business especially when information is sent by computer
People have used secret codes for thousands of years　1　Code breaking never lags(落)far behind code making The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography 
There are three main types of cryptography　2　For example the first letters of My elephant eats too many eelsspell out the hidden messageMeet me 
　3　You might represent each letter with a number for example Let􀆳s number the letters of the alphabet in order from 1 to 26 If we substitute a number for each letterthe message Meet mewould read13 5 5 20 13 5 
A code uses symbols to replace words phrases or sentences To read the message of a real code you must have a code book　4　For example bridgemight stand for meetandoutmight stand for meThe messageBridge outwould actually meanMeet me　5　However it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long So codes must be changed frequently 
AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book
BIn any language some letters are used more than others
COnly people who know the keyword can read the message
DAs long as there have been codes people have tried to break them
EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out
FWith a code bookyou might write down words that would stand for other words
GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet
答案

1D　
2E　
3G　
4F　
5A　

Passage 6(2016课标全国Ⅱ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
A garden that􀆳s just right for you
Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总)of its parts　1　But it doesn􀆳t happen by accident It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process 
●　2　 
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants flowers patterns and masses of color Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)　3　However there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden One of them comes from our earliest years 
●Recall(回忆) your childhood memories
Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood Grandma􀆳s rose garden and Dad􀆳s vegetable garden might be good or bad but that􀆳s not what􀆳s important　4　—how being in those gardens made us feel If you􀆳d like to build a powerful bond with your garden start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth　5　Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grownup garden Have fun 
AKnow why you garden
BFind a good place for your own garden
CIt􀆳s our experience of the garden that matters
DIt􀆳s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden too
GFor each of those gardens write down the strongest memory you have
答案

1F　
2A　
3E　
4C　
5G　

Passage 7(2016课标全国Ⅲ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Everyone knows that fish is good for health　1　But it seems that many people don􀆳t cook fish at home Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home Buying storing and cooking fish isn􀆳t difficult 　2　 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way 
　3　 Fresh fish should smell sweet you should feel that you􀆳re standing at the ocean􀆳s edge Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn􀆳t fresh 　4　When you have bought a fish and arrive home you􀆳d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don􀆳t cook it immediately but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two Frozen fish isn􀆳t as tasty as the fresh one 
There are many common methods used to cook fish 　5　First clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料) Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound (A larger one will take more time)Then it􀆳s ready to serve 
ADo not buy it
BThe easiest is to steam it
CThis is how you can do it
DIt just requires a little knowledge
EThe fish will go bad within hours
FWhen buying fish you should first smell it
GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease
答案

1G　
2D　
3F　
4A　
5B　

Passage 8(2016四川)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries 　1　In general they can expect to live six or seven years more than men One reason for this is biological 
One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women 　2　Between the ages of about 12 and 50 women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育力) These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and the blood flow In fact women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks 
　3　They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men The common cold is a good example women on average get fewer colds than men 
　4　Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging but they believe that they do Some think that a woman􀆳s body cells have a tendency(倾)to age more slowly than a man􀆳s Others think that a man􀆳s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly　5　 
AHowever women on average live longer
BThe biological factor plays an important part
CWomen are also helped by their female genes
DThe female hormones also protect the body in another way
ERecent research seems to support both of these possibilities
FTherefore women are more healthy than men and can live a better life
GHormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control various body functions
答案

1A　
2G　
3D　
4C　
5E　
Passage 9(2016北京)
根短文容短文七选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
The Science of RiskSeeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward the risk seems worth taking　1　Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us WhyExperts say it may have to do with how our brains work 
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans Risktakers were better at hunting fighting or exploring　2　 As the quality of risktaking was passed from one generation to the next humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk 
So why aren􀆳t we all jumping out of airplanes thenWell even 200000 years ago too much risktaking could get one killed A few daring survived though along with a few stayinthecave types As a result humans developed a range of character types that still exists today So maybe you love car racing or maybe you hate it　3　 
No matter where you are on the riskseeking range scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years　4　To help you do that your brain increases your hunger for new experiences New experiences often mean taking some risks so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well 
　5　For the riskseekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active while for the rest of us a part of the brain related to fear becomes active 
As experts continue to study the science of riskseeking we􀆳ll continue to hit the mountains the waves or the shallow end of the pool
AIt all depends on your character
BThose are the risks you should jump to take
CBeing better at those things meant a greater chance of survival
DThus these wellequipped people survived because they were the fittest
EThis is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world
FHowever we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards
GNew brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation
答案

1F　
2C　
3A　
4E　
5G　
Passage 10(2015课标全国Ⅰ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences　1　Trust is a riskBut you can􀆳t be successful when there􀆳s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake 
Unfortunatelywe􀆳ve all been victims of betrayalWhether we􀆳ve been stolen fromlied tomisledor cheated onthere are different levels of losing trustSometimes people simply can􀆳t trust anymore　2　It􀆳s understandablebut if you􀆳re willing to build trust in a relationship againwe have some steps you can take to get you there 
●　3　Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing 
●　4　If you􀆳ve been betrayedyou are the victim of your circumstanceBut there􀆳s a difference between being a victim and living with avictim mentalityAt some point in all of our liveswe􀆳ll have our trust tested or violated 
●You didn􀆳t loseeverythingOnce trust is lostwhat is leftInstead of looking at the situation from this hopeless anglelook at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life　5　Insteadit􀆳s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness 
　　ALearn to really trust yourself
BIt is putting confidence in someone
CStop regarding yourself as the victim
DRemember that you can expect the best in return
EThey􀆳ve been too badly hurt and they can􀆳t bear to let it happen again
FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships
GSeeing the positive side of things doesn􀆳t mean you􀆳re ignoring what happened
答案

1B　
2E　
3A　
4C　
5G　

Passage 11(2015课标全国Ⅱ)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steadygradual increases in the length of the runs　1　buy the bestfittingbestbuilt running shoes you can find No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feetso you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shopWhen you have found shoes that seem rightwalk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit　2　As alwaysyou should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries 
During the first weekdo not think about distancebut run five minutes longer each day　3　it is wise to take a day off to restBut during the next weekset a goal of at least a mile and a half per run　4　After two weeksstart timing yourself　5　Depending on the kind of race you plan to enteryou can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race 
AAfter six days
BFor a good marathon runner
CBefore you begin your training
DWith each dayincrease the distance by a half mile
EIf they still feel goodyou can begin running in them
FTime spent for preparation raises the quality of training
GNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
答案

1C　
2E　
3A　
4D　
5G　

Passage 12(2015北京)
根短文容短文七选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
This Way to Dreamland
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasantespecially when this makes them forget what they should be doingDaydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what􀆳s happening around themThey can seem forgetful and clumsy　1　They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things 
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history　2　Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions 
So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool
Firstunderstand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than othersFeeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams　3　And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you􀆳re daydreamingtry to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simplelike taking a shower or walkingor even making meaningless drawings 
It􀆳s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrateMindfulnessbeing focusedis a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep　4　 
Finallyyou never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away　5　 
Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds
AHaving interesting things to think about also helps
BThey stare off into space and wander by themselves
CWithout wandering mindswe wouldn􀆳t have relativityCoke or Postit notes
DAt one timedaydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses
EIt involves slowsteady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive
FDaydreams are often very simple and directquite unlike sleep dreamswhich may be hard to understand
GThereforeit􀆳s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you􀆳re in the daydream zone
答案

1B　
2C　
3A　
4E　
5G　
Passage 13(2014课标全国Ⅰ)
The jobs of the future have not yet been invented　1　By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds 
1Curiosity
Your children need to be deeply curious　2　Ask kidsWhat ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next timeand then try them outDid those ingredients make the pancakes betterWhat could we try next time 
2Creativity
True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it　3　There are a dozen different things you can do with themExperimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity 
3Interpersonal Skills
Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kidsWe know what􀆳s going on inside our own headbut what about othersBeing able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions　4　Why do you think she􀆳s cryingCan you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his faceIf someone were to do that to youhow would you feel 
4Self Expression
　5　There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—musicactingdrawingbuildingphotographyYou may find that your child is attracted by one more than another 
AEncourage kids to cook with you
BAnd we can􀆳t forget science education
CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways
DSo how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don􀆳t yet exist
EGardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill
FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories
GBeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill
答案

1D　
2A　
3C　
4F　
5G　

Passage 14(2014课标全国Ⅱ)
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experiencethere are three main reasons why people don􀆳t cook more oftenabilitymoneyand time　1　Money is a topic I􀆳ll save for another daySo today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchenHere are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule 
1Think aheadThe moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I􀆳m already hungry and there􀆳s nothing ready to eatSo think ahead of the coming weekWhen will you have time to cookDo you have the right materials already　2　 
2Make your time worth itWhen you do find time to cook a mealmake the most of it and save yourself time later onAre you making one loaf of bread　3　It takes around the same amount of time to make more of somethingSo save yourself the effort for a future meal 
3　4　This may surprise youbut one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentationIt gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and scheduleThe more you learn and the more you trythe more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule 
Hopefully that gives you a good start　5　 And don􀆳t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live 
ATry new things
BAbility is easily improved
CMake three or four instead
DUnderstand your food better
ECooking is a burden for many people
FLet cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden
GA little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on
答案

1B　
2G　
3C　
4A　
5F　

Passage 15(2014北京)
Evaluating Sources(源)of Health Information
Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluationA key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health informationReasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant informationhow to separate fact from opinionhow to recognize poor reasoningand how to analyze information and the reliability of sources　1　 
Go to the original sourceMedia reports often simplify the results of medical researchFind out for yourself what a study really reportedand determine whether it was based on good scienceThink about the type of study　2　 
Watch for misleading languageSome studies will find that a behavior contributes to or is associated with an outcomethis does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result　3　Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it 
Use your common senseIf a report seems too good to be trueprobably it isBe especially careful of information contained in advertisements　4　Evaluate scientific statements carefullyand be aware of quackery(江湖骗术) 
　5　Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspirationbut each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us 
Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life
AMake choices that are right for you
BThe goal of an ad is to sell you something
CBe sure to work through the critical questions
DAnd examine the findings of the original research
EDistinguish between research reports and public health advice
FBe aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author􀆳s point of view
GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources
答案

1G　
2D　
3F　
4B　
5A　
Passage 16(2014辽宁)
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily lifeEvery waking momentthe eyes are working to see the world around usOver forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesightbut it􀆳s easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyesHere are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight
·Schedule yearly exams　1　Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful checkThe good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatmentincluding eyeglasses 
·Protect against UV rays(紫外线)Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyesNo matter what the season isit􀆳s extremely important to wear sunglasses　2　 
·Give your eyes a breakTwothirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products　3　Experts recommend that people practice the 202020 ruleevery 20 minutestake a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away 
·　4　As part of a healthy dieteat more fruits and vegetables each dayVitamins(维生素)C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health 
·Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜)Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesightWhile some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lensesmany are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk　5　Otherwiseyou may have problems such as red eyespain in the eyesor a more serious condition 
AEat your greens
BEye care should begin early in life
CThey can properly protect your eyes
DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins
EParents usually don􀆳t care about their own eyesight
FAlways follow the doctor􀆳s advice for appropriate wear
GThis frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness
答案

1B　
2C　
3G　
4A　
5F　
Passage 17(2013课标Ⅰ)
Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they wantThe word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and servicesMost businesses seek to make a profit(利润)—that isthey aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business　1　Commonly called nonprofitsthese organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers　2　 
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planningdirectionand control of the operations of a business　3　One is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to productionsalesthe purchase of equipmentmaterials and suppliesand accounting　4　The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departmentsDirection is concerned primarily with supervision(监)and guidance by the management in authority　5　 
AControl includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work
BIn this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management
CExamples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals
DHoweversome businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs
EThe second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments
FIn the theory of business managementorganization has two main aspects
GPlanning in business management has three main aspects
答案　

1D　
2C　
3G　
4E　
5A　
Passage 18(2013课标Ⅱ)
Public Speaking Training
● Get a coach
　1　so get helpSince there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courseshere are some things to look for when deciding the training that􀆳s right for you 
● Focus on positives
Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do wellNothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren􀆳t doing well　2　so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn􀆳t do 
● 　3　 
If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it􀆳s going to give you lots of dos and don􀆳tswalk awayYour brain is so full of what you􀆳re going to be talking about　4　As far as we􀆳re concernedthere are basically no hard and fast rules about public speakingYour audience can be your friends 
● You are a special person not a clone
Most importantlygood public speaking training should treat you as a special onewith your own personal habits　5　Your training course should help you bring out your personalitynot try to turn you into someone you􀆳re not 
AYou aren􀆳t like anybody else
BYou already do lots of things well
CTurn your back on too many rules
DCheck the rules about dos and don􀆳ts
EWhatever the presentationpublic speaking is tough
FThe one thing you don􀆳t want is for them to fall asleep
GSo trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse
答案

1E　
2B　
3C　
4G　
5A　

Passage 19(2013北京)
Urbanization
Until relatively recentlythe vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a cityThe first city was probably founded no more than 5500 years ago　1　In factnearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村)villagesIt was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living 
Britain was only the beginning　2　The process of urbanization—the migration(迁徙)of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernizationwhich has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live 
In 1900fewer than 40 of Americans lived in urban areasTodayover 82 of Americans live in citiesOnly about 2 live on farms　3　 
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrializedEven in advanced agricultural societiesit took about ninetyfive people on farms to feed five people in cities　4　Until modern timesthose living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servantslaborers and professionals who served themCities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city 
Over the past two centuriesthe Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country　5　Todayinstead of needing ninetyfive farmers to feed five city peopleone American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred nonfarmers 
AThat kept cities very small
BThe rest live in small towns
CThe effects of urban living on people should be considered
DSoon many other industrial nations became urban societies
EBut even 200 years agoonly a few people could live in cities
FModernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive
GModern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings
答案　

1E　
2D　
3B　
4A　
5F　

Passage 20(2013辽宁)
Forgiveness
To forgive is a virtuebut no one has ever said it is easyWhen someone has deeply hurt youit can be extremely difficult to let go of your hateHoweverforgiveness is possibleand it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental healthPeople who forgive show less sadnessanger and stress and more hopefulnessaccording to a recent research
　1　Try the following steps 
Calm yourself　2　You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasurea beautiful scene in natureor someone you love 
Don􀆳t wait for an apologyMany times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologizeThey may have wanted to hurt you or they just don􀆳t see things the same way　3　Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you 
Take the control away from your offender(犯者)Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused you painInstead of focusing on your wounded feelingslearn to look for the lovebeauty and kindness around you
　4　If you understand your offenderyou may realize that he or she was acting out of unawarenessfearand even loveYou may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender􀆳s point of view 
Don􀆳t forget to forgive yourself　5　But it can rob you of your selfconfidence if you don􀆳t do it 
AWhy should you forgive
BHow should you start to forgive
CRecognize the benefits of forgiveness
DTry to see things from your offender􀆳s angle
EFor some peopleforgiving themselves is the biggest challenge
FTo make your anger die awaytry a simple stressmanagement technique
GIf you wait for people to apologizeyou could be waiting an awfully long time
答案　

1B　
2F　
3G　
4D　
5E　

三年模拟
A组　2016—2018年模拟·基础题组
Passage 1(2018湖南师附中次月考)
In my experience as a human resources manager many job applicants are unsuccessful because they fail to prepare for interviews If you want to get that job you must do your homework
　1　 It is essential that you know what the company produces or sells who its customers are its size and whether it has recently expanded or is planning to If you also understand the culture of the organization you can give yourself a competitive advantage by ensuring you are on message during the interview 　2　 Look out for words like mission statement and vision when you are doing your research that is where you will find them 
　3　 You need to discover what exactly the job will involve what sort of person the company wants and how your skills will fit the position This is less easy but the general information about the company will give you some clues 　4　 There are so many websites giving information about different occupations that you are sure to find something useful You could also ask friends if they know anyone doing a similar job that you could talk to 
Plan for the questions you will be asked and practise your answers 　5　 Have a look at these and think about how you would reply Some of the questions will be quite straightforward Others however are tricky and could catch you out if you have not thought them through ahead of time For example you might be asked What are your strengths and weaknesses It is not easy to give an honest answer to the weaknesses part without sounding negative unless you are well prepared in advance 
AI suggest you search online for the job title
BGet information about the job itself
CThe Internet is an excellent source
DBy culture I mean the company􀆳s principles and ideals
ELearn as much as you can about the employer
FLook at the products yourself
GYou can find lists of questions on various career websites
答案

1E　
2D　
3B　
4A　
5G　
Passage 2(2018河北石家庄模拟)
It􀆳s OK to have ups and downs in your feelings but having low selfesteem isn􀆳t OK Feeling like you􀆳re not important can make you sad and can keep you from trying new things 　1　 Having strong selfesteem is also a very big part of growing up as you get older and face tough decisions—especially under peer pressure—the more selfesteem you have the better 
If you think you might have low selfesteem try talking to an adult you trust about it 　2　 In addition here are a few things that you can try to promote your selfesteem 
Remember that your body is your own no matter what shape size or color it is If you are worried about your weight or size you can check with your doctor to make sure that things are OK 　3　 You should accept and love these things because they are part of you Remind yourself of things about your body that are cool like My legs are strong and I can skate really well 　4　 The critical voice inside you will soon lose its power 
Praise yourself every day Don􀆳t just say I􀆳m so greatBe specific about something good about yourself like I was a good friend to Jill today or I did better on that test than I thought I would 　5　 Even if you􀆳ve got room for improvement realizing that you􀆳re valuable and important helps your selfesteem shine 
ARemember that there are things about yourself you can􀆳t change
BIt can keep you from making friends or affect how you do at school
CIt is important to know you􀆳re worth a lot
DBy focusing on the good things and your great qualities you learn to love and accept yourself
E When you hear negative comments in your head mentally tell yourself to stop
F Before you go to bed every night list three things in your day that really made you happy
G He or she may be able to help you come up with some good ideas for finding your selfesteem
答案

1B　
2G　
3A　
4E　
5D　
Passage 3(2017河南豫南九校联考Ⅴ)
You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers or this may be your first time to share your living space with someone else 　1　 However it can also be a great part of your college experience Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year 
Be clear from the beginning
Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning Maybe you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up 　2　 It􀆳s not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems 
　3　  
This may seem simple but it􀆳s probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts Don􀆳t you think he􀆳ll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game For all you know you just stepped over the line Don􀆳t borrow use or take anything without getting permission first
Be open to change
You should expect to learn grow and change during your time at school 　4　 As the term progresses you should realize things will change for both of you Be comfortable addressing things that unexpectedly come up setting new rules and being flexible to your changing environment 
Follow the golden rule
　5　 No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect 
ARespect your roommate􀆳s things
BLet your roommate know about your preferences
CTreat your roommate like you􀆳d like to be treated
DLiving with a roommate is really a wonderful thing
EHaving a roommate surely has its challenges
FYou should correct your bad habits first
GAnd the same should happen to your roommate if all goes well
答案

1E　
2B　
3A　
4G　
5C　

Passage 4(2017江西赣中南五校期中联考)
Traveling is a very enjoyable experience as it provides an opportunity to see new things　1　The article discusses the advantages of traveling 
Traveling gives you the opportunity to disconnect from your regular life People all have crazy schedules work and a family to take care of and traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you 　2　  
Another great benefit is the relaxation you get 　3　 When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine  
　4　 They will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendshiprelationship You can create photo albums and when you feel nostalgic (事怀恋) you can experience the trips again by looking at your pictures 
It􀆳s never been this cheap to travel With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end 　5　 With the Internet and all the new technology you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it You can choose your budget the duration of the trip and what you want to do 
AIt􀆳s nice to enjoy a stressfree time
BAs the saying goes you never know what you have until you lose it
CWhen traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime
DDiscovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting
EGoing on a trip means that you are most likely going to spend time outside
FHowever there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now
GThere are many benefits other than enjoying yourself that can be realized when you travel
答案

1G　
2B　
3A　
4C　
5F　

Passage 5(2016河北百校联盟3月质检)
Sticking to your body􀆳s natural sleepwake cycle is one of the most important strategies for achieving good sleep If you keep a regular sleep schedule you will feel much more refreshed and energized than if you sleep the same number of hours at different times This holds true even if you change your sleep schedule by only an hour or two　1　Try the following ways to help you stick to your body clock and you􀆳ll have a better sleep 
　2　Keeping a regular sleepwake schedule helps set your body􀆳s internal clock and improve the quality of your sleep Start by setting realistic bedtime that will work with your lifestyle　3　If you􀆳re getting enough sleep you should wake up naturally without an alarm If you need an alarm clock to wake up on time you may need to set earlier bedtime 
Avoid sleeping in—even on weekends or nights you􀆳ve stayed up late　4　If you need to make up for late night choose a daytime nap rather than sleeping in This way allows you to pay off your sleep debt without disturbing your natural sleepwake rhythm 
　　Be smart about napping As mentioned above napping is a good way to recharge and make up for lost sleep hours But if you tend to have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night napping can make things worse　5　Besides limiting them to 15 to 20 minutes in the early afternoon is a good idea 
ANever sleep after dinner
BConsistency is vitally important
CDon􀆳t turn to sleeping pills every time you can􀆳t sleep quickly
DTry to go to sleep and get up at the same time every day
EIf sleeplessness is a problem for you consider ridding naps altogether
FChoose a time when you normally feel tired so that you will fall fast asleep
GThe more your weekendweekday sleep schedules differ the worse the jet laglike symptoms you􀆳ll experience
答案

1B　
2D　
3F　
4G　
5E　

B组　2016—2018年模拟·提升题组
Passage 1(2018山西长治二中等五校联考)
English teachers love William Shakespeare for all his wonderful 16thcentury dialogue and prose (散文) 　1　 If you need or want to read a comedy or tragedy of Shakespeare􀆳s and don􀆳t know how to begin here are some tips to get you started 
Keep a Shakespeare lexicon handy A lexicon is a reference guide similar to a dictionary except that it defines and explains word usage from different periods or regions 　2　  
Explore online study guides Many sites offer free study guides to the works of William Shakespeare 　3　 These websites will include a character analysis the plot timeline major themes and chapters as well as an explanation of unfamiliar terms 
　4　 Charles and Mary Lamb have written beautiful story versions that are very readable for all ages If you read it as a story without the dialogue or unfamiliar dialect and language you will get a feel for the plot and characters You will understand the story better 
Watch a theater or movie version of the play You can access some versions of the plays on unitedstreaming com as a teacher As a student look on the Internet Movie Database for a comprehensive list of productions 　5　  
Shakespeare􀆳s works are fun and wonderful Make friends with the rhythm of this most engaging reading Use this handy guide and soon you􀆳ll be another Shakespeare in no time
ATry to add the correct emotion
BListen to the way that the actors say the lines
CHis works were written for actors in a theater
DEnglish students hate him for the same reason
EIt will translate terms from middle to modern English
FRead the story itself in children􀆳s version to get the main plot
GI regularly use CliffsNotes SparkNotes and PinkMonkey for literary help
答案

1D　
2E　
3G　
4F　
5B　
Passage 2(2018河南名校二次质检)
Parents Model Healthy Eating
It should come as no surprise that the more stressed parents are at work the greater the burden on their family is 　1　After all the more time parents spend working the less time and energy they have to plan and prepare healthful meals 
For years most studies have focused on the role of working mothers while fathers were ignored They didn􀆳t look at the family as a whole 　2　It adds a new wrinkle to the relationship between work stress and family nutrition 
Mom􀆳s work related stress is still a central factor in how well families eat because they typically do most of the food shopping and cooking 　3　The study found that when Mom or Dad experiences a high level of work related stress their families are eating oneandahalf fewer family meals per week and the parents themselves report eating fewer fruits and vegetables and more fast food and are less likely to eat breakfast regularly 
It􀆳s worth noting that the study looked mainly at low income families who belonged to ethnic or minority groups 　4　 But the implications are wide ranging 
　5　Teaching kids especially teenagers to help with grocery shopping and to cook actual meals instead of just putting a frozen pizza in the microwave could be an important piece of the puzzle in helping families improve their eating habits  
AWhen it comes to family nutrition the entire family plays a role even kids
BSo the findings don􀆳t necessarily apply directly to other types of families
CBut Dad􀆳s work related stress has a large impact too
DYet the kids􀆳 stress may influence the families􀆳 nutrition too
EHowever a recent study looks at the role of fathers in particular
FIt􀆳s also probably not a surprise that this can negatively affect a family􀆳s nutrition
GIt is parents who give their kids a good model to develop a good eating habit
答案

1F　
2E　
3C　
4B　
5A　
Passage 3(2017湖南衡阳二模)
With the Internet growing larger and largerthe amount of reading material grows larger as wellThereforeif you have any intention of reading a lot of materialthen it is important that you learn how to absorb what you read efficiently and quickly
◆　1　Your mind will be able to focus better at certain times of the dayand being able to focus is an important aspect of retaining(保留)informationGo to find a place to read where your mind is able to concentrateThis may be someplace secret where no one will bother youor simply your home at a time when it is quiet 
◆Get relaxedIf you􀆳re in a rush to finish readingyou􀆳re not going to be able to give it your full attention　2　When you want to retain what you􀆳re readingmake sure that you have enough time to distribute 
◆Separate the important details from the unimportant detailsUnless you􀆳re reading a very dense(密集)articleyou􀆳ll likely encounter a lot of words and phrases that aren􀆳t very important 　3　 
◆Pause every once in a while to take in what you􀆳re readingInstead of reading the article straight through from beginning to endpause for a while to think back on what you􀆳ve just readIn particularyou should pause and reflect when you􀆳ve just read all important passages that you know you􀆳ll want to retain 　4　 
◆Take notes as you readWhen reading all articlestaking notes might seem like a strange thing to do 　5　You􀆳ll be reinforcing the concepts a second timeThis aids extremely with retention and memory 
ARead when you are available
BRead when you are absorbed
CDetails will enter your mind but will not be committed to memory
DHoweverwriting down information uses a different area of your brain than reading does
ESkim through your reading and focus on the parts that are interesting or important
FBy reading the material a second timeyou􀆳ll know exactly what to expect and what to focus on
GBy reflectingyou􀆳re essentially taking in the information twiceand that helps to commit it to memory
答案

1B　
2C　
3E　
4G　
5D　

Passage 4(2017福建龙岩3月质检)
Maybe you often have arguments with your parents about clothes homework friends and many other personal things　1　Most teenagers must be sorry or even frightened when their parents fight They might think their parents don􀆳t love each other any more and that it would result in divorce 
　2　They might disagree about important things like jobs or major family decisions They might even disagree about little things that don􀆳t seem important at all—like what􀆳s for dinner or what time someone gets home Maybe sometimes parents can feel so strongly about their differences that it may lead to arguments However these arguments are often over quickly　3　 
As a family member you should find out what it really means when your parents fight When your parents get upset with each other they might cry or say things they don􀆳t really mean Most people lose their cool now and then so if your parents are fighting don􀆳t worry too much about it 　4　 
If your parents􀆳 fight really bothers you you might find it hard to sleep or go to school　5　 They may not even realize how upset you are until you tell them how their arguments affect you You can also tell other relatives a teacher or a friend 
Just remember that no family is perfect and arguments are common in every family
ATry to find a good way to solve it
BParents might fight over small things
CYou should never argue with your parents
DBut what􀆳s going on when your parents fight with each other
E In fact it is normal for parents to disagree and argue from time to time
F If this happens try talking to one or both of your parents about their behavior
G Parents may apologize and make up and the family gets back into its usual way
答案

1D　
2E　
3G　
4A　
5F　

Passage 5(2016湖南岳阳质检)
History is a record of what has happened in the past 　1　 The really fascinating thing is that much of history has been repeated time and again It allows us to learn from the past both the mistakes and the successes 
One of the benefits of history is reading how other people have overcome tremendous challenges in their life These challenges although particular to a person or to a certain time in the past or occurring in a different country or culture all convey the same thing 　2　 
　3　 He encountered many failures while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb He could be held out as an example of a person who never gave up 　4　 However he did not let those failures stop him He had a dream and he just kept trying different things until he did reach success 
Or consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed to become President of the United States even though he suffered many setbacks and personal losses Most of us only realize his success 　5　 His life was not easy His story motivates us to keep moving forward no matter what obstacles we have in life 
AHistory has a lot of influences on us
BTake the story of Thomas Edison for example
CHistory has some very unique qualities
DI am sure he was discouraged by his many failures
EThey convey wisdom in their short stories of perseverance
FFew of us know about the many challenges he had to overcome
GOnly those with courage to face challenges can realize their dreams
答案

1C　
2E　
3B　
4D　
5F　
历年高考试题汇编
Passage 1(2010北京)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Muzak
The next time you go into a banka storeor a supermarketstop and listenWhat do you hear　1　It􀆳s similar to the music you listen tobut it􀆳s not exactly the sameThat􀆳s because this music was especially designed to relax youor to give you extra energySometimes you don􀆳t even realize the music is playingbut you react to the music anyway 
Quiet background music used to be calledelevator(电梯)musicbecause we often heard it in elevatorsBut lately we hear it in more and more placesand it has a new nameMuzakAbout onethird of the people in America listen toMuzakevery dayThe music plays for 15 minutes at a timewith short pauses in betweenIt is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morningand between three and four in the afternoonwhen people are more tired　2　 
If you listen to Muzak carefullyyou will probably recognize the names of many of the songsSome musicians or songwriters don􀆳t want their songs to be used as Muzakbut others are happy when their songs are chosenWhy　3　 
Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotelIt has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to doTired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background　4　Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries 
　5　They say it􀆳s boring to hear the same songs all the timeBut other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public placesThey say it helps them relax and feel calmOne way or anotherMuzak affects everyoneSome farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak 
ASome people don􀆳t like Muzak
BThe music gives them extra energy
CMusic is playing in the background
DFactory workers produce 13 percent more
EMuzak tends to help people understand music better
FThey get as much as 4 million a year if their songs are used
GMuzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world
答案

1C　
2B　
3F　
4D　
5A　
Passage 2(2010辽宁)
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I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台)in her general store　1　I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and sayingthank you 
At first I was paid in candy　2　I worked every day after schooland during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 amto 7 pmMy father helped me set up a bank account　3　 
By the time I was 12my grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品)I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eyeEven though I was just a kidwomen would ask me such things asWhat color do you think I should wearI took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas　4　 
The job taught me a valuable lessonto be a successful salespersonyou didn􀆳t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener　5　Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from meinsteadthey are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed 
ALater I received 50 cents an hour
BBefore longshe let me sit there by myself
CI ended up selling a record amount of cosmetics
DToday I still carry that lesson with meI listen to customers
EMy grandma􀆳s trust taught me how to handle responsibility
FSoon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before
GWatching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought
答案　
1B　
2A　
3G　
4C　
5D　
Passage 3(2011课标)
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Money Matters
Parents should help their children understand money　1　So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying thingscandy or toysfor example 
1The basic function of money
Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or servicesIt is important to show your child how money is traded for the things he wants to haveIf he wants to have a toygive him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier(收银员)　2　 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of moneyyou can start explaining more complex ways of using money 
2Money lessons
Approach money lessons with openness and honesty　3　 If you must say no to a child􀆳s request to spend moneyexplainYou have enough toy trucks for nowOrif the request is for many different thingssayYou have to make a choice between this toy and that toy 
3　4　 
Begin at the grocery storePick out two similar brands of a product—a namebrand butter and a generic(商标产品)for exampleYou can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money　5　 If he chooses the cheaper brandallow him to make another purchase with the money savedLateryou may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases 
AWise decisions
BThe value of money
CPermit the child to choose between them
DTell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things
EAsk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you
FTalk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store
GThe best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest
答案　

1G　
2F　
3D　
4A　
5C　
Passage 4(2011辽宁)
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Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp
Everyone is forgetfulbut as we agewe start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing　1　Read on for some techniques worth trying 
1　2　 
People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer􀆳s disease(早老性痴呆症)according to a recent study　3　Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will doThere􀆳s evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or shortterm goals appear to do betterIn other wordskeep your brain looking forward 
2Go for a walk
Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖)levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levelsIn factexercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain　4　 
3Learn something new
Take a Spanish class onlinejoin a drawing clubor learn to play cardsA study found that mental stimulation(刺激)limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mindBut the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time　5　Or go dancing with your friends 
AFocus on the future
BThis can be especially harmful to the aged
CIt should be something like learning gardening
DSo take a few minutes each day to do some reading
EBut don􀆳t worry if your schedule isn􀆳t filled with lifechanging events
FLuckilyresearch shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments
GIn other wordswhen you take care of your bodyyou take care of your brain
答案　

1F　
2A　
3E　
4G　
5C　
Passage 5(2011北京)
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Public Speaking and Critical Thinking
What is critical thinkingTo a certain degreeit􀆳s a matter of logic(逻辑)—of being able to spot weaknesses in other people􀆳s arguments and to avoid them in your ownIt also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence
In the broad sensecritical thinking is focusedorganized thinking—the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas　1　The greatest thinkersscientistsand inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideasThattoois critical thinking 
　2　As the class goes onfor exampleyou will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speechesWhile this may seem like a purely mechanical(机械)exerciseit is closely connected with critical thinkingIf the structure of your speech is loose and confusedchances are that your thinking is also disordered and confusedIfon the other handthe structure is clearthere is a good chance your thinking is tooOrganizing a speech is not just a matter of arranging the ideas you already have　3　 
What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking　4　As you work on expressing your ideas in clearaccurate languageyou will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately　5　As you learn to listen critically to speeches in classyou will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations 
If you take full advantage of your speech classyou will be able to develop your skills as a critical thinker in many circumstancesThis is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece
ARatherit is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves
BThis may seem like a lot of timebut the rewards are well worth it
CIt may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech
DIt has often been said that there are few new ideas in the worldonly reorganized ideas
EIf you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking classthe answer is quite a lot
FThe skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways
GAs you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmakingyou will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well
答案　

1D　
2E　
3A　
4F　
5G　
Passage 6(2012课标)
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Kids􀆳 healthFour steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time　1　Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don􀆳t solve(解决)muchBut other wayslike talking to someone you trustcan lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better 
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed
(1)Get supportWhen you need helpreach out to the people who care about youTalk to a trusted adultsuch as a parent or other relatives　2　They might have had similar problemssuch as dealing with a testor the death of a beloved pet 
(2)Don􀆳t take it out on yourselfSometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselvesOhdearthat􀆳s not a good ideaRemember that there are always people to help youDon􀆳t take it out on yourself　3　 
(3)Try to solve the problemAfter you􀆳re calm and you have support from adults and friendsit􀆳s time to get down to business　4　Even if you can􀆳t solve it allyou can solve a piece of it 
(4)Be positiveMost stress is temporary(暂时)Remember stress does go awayespecially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it
These steps aren􀆳t magicbut they do workAnd if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough timeyou􀆳ll help yourself feel better even faster　5　 
AAsk for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation
BNotice your friends􀆳 feelings and find a way to help them
CDifferent people feel stress in different ways
DAhit feels so good when the stress is gone
EYou need to figure out what the problem is
FAnd don􀆳t forget about your friends
GThenfind a way to calm down
答案　

1C　
2F　
3A　
4E　
5D　
Passage 7(2012北京)
根短文容短文七选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
Empathy
Last yearresearchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathythe ability to understand other peopleamong college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years　1　Todaypeople spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs 
Jennifer Freeda codirector of a teen programhas another explanationTurn on the TVand you􀆳re showered with news and reality shows full of people fightingcompetingand generally treating one another with no respect　2　 
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examplesHumans are socially related by nature　3　Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high selfrespectBesidesempathy can be a cure for lonelinesssadnessanxietyand fear 
Empathy is also an indication of a good leaderIn factFreed saysmany top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers　4　Academics are importantBut if you don􀆳t have emotional(情感)intelligenceyou won􀆳t be as successful in work or in your love lifeshe says 
What􀆳s the best way to up your EQ(情商)For starterslet down your guard and really listen to others　5　 
To really develop empathyyou􀆳d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospitaljoin a club or a team that has a diverse membershiphave a sharing circlewith your familyor spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter
AEveryone is differentand levels of empathy differ from person to person
BThat could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen timethe researchers said
COne doesn􀆳t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talkingFreed says
DHumans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic
EEmpathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel
FGood social skills—including empathy—are a kind of emotional intelligencethat will help you succeed in many areas of life
GHaving relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships
答案　

1B　
2D　
3G　
4F　
5C　
Passage 8(2012辽宁)
根短文容短文选项中选出填入空白处佳选项选项中两项余选项
How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friendsGood friendship has many benefitsIt offers companionshipimproves selfworth and promotes good healthThere are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new townor changed our jobs or schoolsSuch changes often leave us without a friend　1　But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courageBelow are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends 
1Associate with others
The first step to making friends is associating with other peopleYou can go to public places to meet new peopleBesidesyou will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places
2Start a conversation
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends　2　You can always start the conversationBeing able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people 
3　3　 
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend togetherHanging out will always be a pleasant experience
4Let it grow
It is a good thing to stay in touchHowevertry not to press your new friend with callsmessages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend　4　The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally 
5Enjoy your friendship
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves　5　Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to beBecome the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you 
ABe cheerful
BDo things together
CDo not wait to be spoken to
DTry not to find fault with your friends
EMaking new friends comes easy for some people
FFor a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch
GSo you will need to give your friend time to react to you
答案　

1E　
2C　
3B　
4G　
5D　
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