名词中学英语词汇历年高考重考点研究年高考题难出名词部分考查名词词义辨析惯搭配名词数（数数单数复数）名词格抽象名词具体化物质名词量化名词冠词搭配谓致等高考试题中名词常结合项目起考查考查题型短文改错完形填空语法填空
预计2020年高考名词完形填空短文改错语法填空中会占重位
学程中掌握常名词基法注意词义旧词新义外纳总结做题时结合语境
01
数名词复数
(1)规变化
情况
方法
例词
般情况
加－s
studentsteachersdoc torstables
sxchsh结尾
加－es
glassesdishesboxeswatchesstomach复数形式直接加sstomachs
辅音字母＋y结尾
变yi加－es
familiesbabiesarmiesbodies
元音字母＋y结尾
加－s
boystoyspianosphotos
ffe结尾
变ffev加－es
thieveswivesknivesshelveslives
少数加－s
beliefsproofsroofschiefs
o结尾
通常加－s
radiosvideoszoostobaccos
加－es
heroespotatoestomatoes
注意：①－o结尾列名词加－es＂黑英雄回声中吃土豆西红柿＂Negroesheroesechoespotatoestomatoes
列－o结尾名词加－es加－s：zeros(zeroes)零mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子volcanos(volcanoes)火山
②－f－fe结尾列名词需ffe掉加－ves＂活命偷妻子手里着刀子树叶站架子狼劈成两半＂selveslivesthieveswivesknivesleavesshelveswolveshalves
列－f结尾名词掉f加－ves直接加－s：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕
③名词前manwoman修饰变复数时作定语man woman面名词变成复数：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)规变化
①常见单复数形名词
Chinese 中国sheep 绵羊deer鹿series 系列means 方式works 工厂fish 鱼fruit 水果等中fishfruit表示种类时加复数词尾fishesfruits
②身特殊变化名词
child孩子→childrenman男→mentooth牙→teethfoot脚英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media
52019·新课标II卷·短文改错Since I was a kid I’ve considered different job I would like to do
答案job改jobs
解析考查名词数job（工作职业）数名词different（）修饰时意思种类工作应该名词复数形式job改jobs
2（2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66thatwhich showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause)
答案causes
解析考查单复数项研究表明仅仅天510分钟跑步减少种原心脏病早亡根句意复数形式填causes
3（2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改there） again they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken
答案chicken改chickens
解析考查名词复数拥独立住宅养许鸡根前文dozens of知名词复数形式
4（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels But for tourists like me pandas are its top 61 (attract) The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed 70(the) other is with mum — she never suspects
61答案attraction解析考查名词 形容词top面名词形式
69答案days解析考查名词复数few修饰复数名词
02
数名词具体化
(1)通常作数名词名词：advice建议 furniture家具 fun乐趣information信息news新闻 weather天气 progress进步wealth财富value价值等
(2)数名词具体化
①具某种特性状态情感抽象名词表示具体概念时定冠词连常考：
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功事
pleasure
乐趣
令高兴事
beauty
美美丽
美丽事物
comfort
安慰慰藉
令感安慰事物
danger
危险
危险素
delight
高兴
令高兴事
failure
失败
失败事物
surprise
惊奇
令惊奇事情
shock
震惊
令震惊事情
pride
骄傲
令骄傲事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success贡献定会事件成功
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 支粉笔 hair 头发→a hair 根头发
③抽象名词a(an)连淡化抽象概念转化似体验动作行类例：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times艰难时期够买起杯酒会件欣慰事
03
名词格
(1)－’s格
①and连接列名词格分两种情况表示关系时分列名词加－’s ’表示关系时名词加－’s’
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms汤姆吉姆()房间
Tom and Jim’s room汤姆吉姆()房间
②表示店铺办公室某家时名词格修饰名词般省略
at the barber’s理发店
at the teacher’s老师办公室
(2)of格
表示生命事物名词通常of格表示关系名词短语定语修饰生命名词常of格
the content of the novel说容
the name of the girl over there边位女孩名字
(3)双重格
指＂名词＋of＋名词格＂＂名词＋of＋名词性物代词＂
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士亚戏剧)
a friend of mine(朋友)
1 （2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When I was little Friday’s night was our family game night
答案Friday’s改Friday
解析考查名词格名词作定语表明修饰名词时间点类目途材料源等名词格作定语强调修饰词关系表示逻辑谓语关系处表示星期五晚关系Friday’s改Friday
2The village is far away from here indeed It’s _________ walk
A a four hourB a four hour’sC a fourhoursD a four hours’
答案D
解析’s属格表示生命东西（物）名词时某生命名词（表示时间名词）般名词词尾加’s果该名词词尾已ses加 选D
04
名词语法功
1作语
The young woman played an important part in the matter 年轻女件事举足轻重
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen 爷爷十五岁时参加红军
2作宾语
（1）作物动词直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street街碰见哥哥
Have you finished the letter to Jane写完珍信？
（2）作物动词间接宾语
I told my students a funny story 学生讲趣事
She asked the doctor another question 问医生问题
（3）作介词宾语
After 20 years’ traveling he settled down in Liangxiang 二十年流浪良乡定居
Do you still ask your parents for money爸妈钱？
3作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here 里栽树意
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker 现教授丈夫工
4作宾语补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop 推选汤姆车间头（职务名词作宾补前面加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li 老喊叔叔李
5作定语
（1）直接作定语 通常单数形式
college students学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home回家路书店停吧
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop 双鞋鞋店买
（2）名词格作定语
students’ books学生书
China’s capital中国首
the world’s population世界口
（3）manwomangentleman作定语
manwomangentleman作定语时单数复数两种形式必须修饰名词数定
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day 说明天两女医生村子
There are many men teachers in our school 学校男教师
（4）某常复数名词作定语
某常复数名词作定语时须复数形式
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄 foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称报纸广播电视等标题中常出现复数名词作定语
Learning Skills center学技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类时名词直接作定语格作定语定严格遵守惯
a peasant familyboy(peasant惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker惯格作定语)
（7）两种定语时存意义样
women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver位妇女司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 女孩朋友
mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲舌头
（8）名词作定语强调修饰成分容职根形容词作定语强调特点属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表含金) golden watch 金色表 (指表金色定含金)
6作状语
时间名词数量名词距离名词等时作状语
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night 战士夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms 手提箱重10千克
05
疑难名词较辨析
1force energy strength power
force表示＂力力量＂意思指做实现某事实际运力量
He overcame his bad habits by force of will毅力克服身良惯
Those people are the progressive forces in the society 社会进步力量
energy强调＂精力＂指做某事完成某事力指＂源＂
Young people usually have more energy than the old 青年通常老年精力充沛
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas wind and other forms of energy 国家正提高天然气风源形式利
strength表示＂力＂意思指做事情种力育着重指力气物言着重指强度潜力等
He lifted the stone with all his strength出全身力气举起块石头
The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed 位病没足够力气床
power 表示 ＂力量动力＂意思指身体心理道德力(否发挥出)
Knowledge is power知识力 量
I shall do everything in my power to help you力帮助
2manner means method way
manner表示＂方式方法＂意思指喜欢采方式
The manner of their meeting makes a good story 相见方式似传奇色彩
He has developed his own manner of acting 形成独特演出风格
means表示＂方法手段 工具＂意思
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job 学生时通晚工方法养活
The quickest means of travel is by plane快旅行工具飞机
Have you the means to support a family 维持家方法没
method指做某事具体步骤程序指系统抽象概念原理
His idea is all right but he lacks method想法错缺少方法
He is a man of method条理
method of teaching 教学方法 method of study 学方法
Roasting is one method of cooking meat 烤做肉种方法
way通词正式词义＂通道通路＂引申作＂方式方法＂讲含义广
In this way over several days the artist and his mice became friends 样天位艺术家老鼠成朋友
Look Work on it in this way 样搞
My parents always let me have my own way of living
1At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics
A approachesB meansC methodsD ways
答案D
解析会议讨三种学数学方法way意方式方法指具体方法指抽象方法指般思想行动办事方法指特殊方式方法approach意接方式方法指接某某事指处理事情方式方法mean意方式方法抽象意义指达某目采方法计划政策策略等尤指整套方法具体意义常指达某目工具材料机器 具车船等method意方式方法指具体系统步骤方法强调条理性高效率
3cost price value worth expense
cost表示＂成费＂意思 原指生产某种物品成 包括生产中支付原料劳动般低售价时泛指价格喻指付出代价甚生命
As a result costs will be reduced by as much as 90 成会降低90
China Daily has plenty of advertisements which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper 中国日报刊登量广告助降低报纸生产成
price表示＂价格价钱定价＂意思 指营商品出售单价通常高商品出厂成喻指做某事付出代价
Can you try to get them to bring down the price 价格讲
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital 首高价出售牛肉
value表示＂价值价格＂指估计件东西价值 金钱估价
Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone feeling alone in the modern world the value of having good friends and so on 现次写常常事——现代世界中孤独感交朋友价值等等
The park is good value for the money公园花钱值
worth意思价值指东西身真正价值久变贵
It was worth five hundred francs at the most值500法郎
He asked me how much this computer was worth 问台计算机值少钱
expense意思＂费支出开销＂指花费金钱时间精力
We travelled to France at our own expense 费法国旅行
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be 知道谁担负访问日费
4land ground soil earth
land表示＂陆土＂河流海洋相语指土土壤时着重指性质途等时泛指作＂国家产＂讲
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land岩石已变成沃土
But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on 愿意农田修建厂房
To the sea captain’s surprise he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant 位船长吃惊发现陆旅行愉快
ground(n )表示＂土＂意思指表面指土壤场喻指＂根理＂
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops 学会种植作物前拾掇毛糙土
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner然二班运动员传第四棒时接力棒掉
soil表示＂土壤土＂指生长植物富机物沃土宜农耕
When the plants are in the ground I’ll put some powder on the soil植物种里时里撒粉剂
He studied how to improve soil conditions研究改善土壤环境
earth表示＂球泥土＂着重指＂＂天空作＂泥土＂解时常坚硬岩石
Later in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth 星期植物埋泥土里
5practice exercise training drill
practice exercise training drill表示＂练训练＂意思
training表示＂训练培养教练锻炼＂意思般指身体锻炼动物训练士兵训练等
These football players had no strict training until they joined our club足球队员直加入俱乐部受严格训练
The athlete is in training运动员锻炼
The home training of children is the first class social problem 童家庭教育社会头等问题
exercise指提高技巧业务水规定＂练体格锻炼＂
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners 书中系列难易排列练适初学者应
You need more outdoor exercise需进行户外运动
practice指正规条理断反复 ＂练＂理道理贯彻行动中 ＂实践＂
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency 练会口语更流利
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism 理实践统马克思义基点
drill表示＂操练训练＂意思般指严格训练反反复复练军事练兵
Let’s do some pattern drills做句型练吧
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard士兵营场操练
6sign signal mark symbol
sign表示 ＂符号记号招牌＂等意思普通语指具公认意义简单意制定代表物
Letters are signs used to represent sounds字母代表声音符号
You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms休息室指示牌
signal表示 ＂暗号信号＂意思时意时意意强风讯号求救信号等
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound 电信号变成声音
mark表示 ＂痕迹记号商标特征分数＂意思指印物品记号坏两方面作动词时表示＂标明作记号＂意思
He got full marks in his maths test 数学测试中满分
Each stone was marked with a number 石头标明号码
symbol表示 ＂象征＂意思特强调意包含某特定意义东西意构成传达某特定意义事物
a good luck symbol 运气象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power 狮子作百兽王勇气权利象征
1 （2018·天津卷·单项填空）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space
A advice B order
C possibility D invitation
答案C
解析考查名词词义辨析语境理解句意：宇宙中星球存生命种性总激励科学家探索外部空间A advice建议B order命令C possibility性D invitation邀请选C
2 The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________
A solution B targetC measure D function
答案A
解析 句意：学校顾问会帮梳理问题会直接解决办法题考查名词辨析solution 解决问题办法target目标靶子measure措施function功作根句意知选A
3（2017年新课标I卷完形填空）Before the school year 47 (ended) I gave the kids a special 48 Tshirts with the words Verbs Are Your 49 on them I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull most of the 50(fun) things they do
48Alesson B gift C report D message
49 A Friends B Awards C Masters D Tasks
48答案B
解析考查名词辨析Alesson课教训 Bgift礼物 Creport 报告Dmessage信息根文知作者送Freddy件衬衫特殊礼物选B
49答案A
解析考查名词辨析AFriends 朋友BAwards奖 CMasters DTasks务衬衫写着动词朋友选A
4 （2017年北京卷完形填空）… In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities she has received a lot of 51 For example she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world…
51 A praisesB invitationsC repliesD appointments
52 A needsB interestsC dreamsD efforts
51答案A
解析考查名词A praises赞美B invitations邀请C replies回复D appointments约会收赞美文方面举例颁奖答案A
52 答案D
解析考查名词A needs需B interests兴趣C dreams梦想D efforts努力处指奖项认年轻改变世界作出努力根句意知选D
5 The accident caused some ________ to my carbut it’s nothing serious
A harm B injury C ruin D damage
答案D
解析考查名词damage指价值遭损坏 种损坏部分性完全根语境＂it is nothing serious＂选Dharm指肉体精神伤害injury指事中受伤ruin 喻中常指某物损坏程度
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预计2020年高考名词完形填空短文改错语法填空中会占重位
学程中掌握常名词基法注意词义旧词新义外纳总结做题时结合语境
01
数名词复数
(1)规变化
情况
方法
例词
般情况
加－s
studentsteachersdoc torstables
sxchsh结尾
加－es
glassesdishesboxeswatchesstomach复数形式直接加sstomachs
辅音字母＋y结尾
变yi加－es
familiesbabiesarmiesbodies
元音字母＋y结尾
加－s
boystoyspianosphotos
ffe结尾
变ffev加－es
thieveswivesknivesshelveslives
少数加－s
beliefsproofsroofschiefs
o结尾
通常加－s
radiosvideoszoostobaccos
加－es
heroespotatoestomatoes
注意：①－o结尾列名词加－es＂黑英雄回声中吃土豆西红柿＂Negroesheroesechoespotatoestomatoes
列－o结尾名词加－es加－s：zeros(zeroes)零mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子volcanos(volcanoes)火山
②－f－fe结尾列名词需ffe掉加－ves＂活命偷妻子手里着刀子树叶站架子狼劈成两半＂selveslivesthieveswivesknivesleavesshelveswolveshalves
列－f结尾名词掉f加－ves直接加－s：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕
③名词前manwoman修饰变复数时作定语man woman面名词变成复数：woman doctor→women doctors
(2)规变化
①常见单复数形名词
Chinese 中国sheep 绵羊deer鹿series 系列means 方式works 工厂fish 鱼fruit 水果等中fishfruit表示种类时加复数词尾fishesfruits
②身特殊变化名词
child孩子→childrenman男→mentooth牙→teethfoot脚英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media
52019·新课标II卷·短文改错Since I was a kid I’ve considered different job I would like to do
答案job改jobs
解析考查名词数job（工作职业）数名词different（）修饰时意思种类工作应该名词复数形式job改jobs
2（2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66thatwhich showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause)
答案causes
解析考查单复数项研究表明仅仅天510分钟跑步减少种原心脏病早亡根句意复数形式填causes
3（2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改there） again they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken
答案chicken改chickens
解析考查名词复数拥独立住宅养许鸡根前文dozens of知名词复数形式
4（2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires Asia’s biggest building and fancy new hotels But for tourists like me pandas are its top 61 (attract) The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed 70(the) other is with mum — she never suspects
61答案attraction解析考查名词 形容词top面名词形式
69答案days解析考查名词复数few修饰复数名词
02
数名词具体化
(1)通常作数名词名词：advice建议 furniture家具 fun乐趣information信息news新闻 weather天气 progress进步wealth财富value价值等
(2)数名词具体化
①具某种特性状态情感抽象名词表示具体概念时定冠词连常考：
单词
抽象名词意义
具体化名词意义
success
成功
成功事
pleasure
乐趣
令高兴事
beauty
美美丽
美丽事物
comfort
安慰慰藉
令感安慰事物
danger
危险
危险素
delight
高兴
令高兴事
failure
失败
失败事物
surprise
惊奇
令惊奇事情
shock
震惊
令震惊事情
pride
骄傲
令骄傲事情
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success贡献定会事件成功
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料 coffee咖啡→a coffee杯咖啡 chalk 粉笔→a chalk 支粉笔 hair 头发→a hair 根头发
③抽象名词a(an)连淡化抽象概念转化似体验动作行类例：
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times艰难时期够买起杯酒会件欣慰事
03
名词格
(1)－’s格
①and连接列名词格分两种情况表示关系时分列名词加－’s ’表示关系时名词加－’s’
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms汤姆吉姆()房间
Tom and Jim’s room汤姆吉姆()房间
②表示店铺办公室某家时名词格修饰名词般省略
at the barber’s理发店
at the teacher’s老师办公室
(2)of格
表示生命事物名词通常of格表示关系名词短语定语修饰生命名词常of格
the content of the novel说容
the name of the girl over there边位女孩名字
(3)双重格
指＂名词＋of＋名词格＂＂名词＋of＋名词性物代词＂
a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士亚戏剧)
a friend of mine(朋友)
1 （2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）When I was little Friday’s night was our family game night
答案Friday’s改Friday
解析考查名词格名词作定语表明修饰名词时间点类目途材料源等名词格作定语强调修饰词关系表示逻辑谓语关系处表示星期五晚关系Friday’s改Friday
2The village is far away from here indeed It’s _________ walk
A a four hourB a four hour’sC a fourhoursD a four hours’
答案D
解析’s属格表示生命东西（物）名词时某生命名词（表示时间名词）般名词词尾加’s果该名词词尾已ses加 选D
04
名词语法功
1作语
The young woman played an important part in the matter 年轻女件事举足轻重
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen 爷爷十五岁时参加红军
2作宾语
（1）作物动词直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street街碰见哥哥
Have you finished the letter to Jane写完珍信？
（2）作物动词间接宾语
I told my students a funny story 学生讲趣事
She asked the doctor another question 问医生问题
（3）作介词宾语
After 20 years’ traveling he settled down in Liangxiang 二十年流浪良乡定居
Do you still ask your parents for money爸妈钱？
3作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here 里栽树意
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker 现教授丈夫工
4作宾语补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop 推选汤姆车间头（职务名词作宾补前面加冠词）
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li 老喊叔叔李
5作定语
（1）直接作定语 通常单数形式
college students学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s stop by the book store on the way home回家路书店停吧
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop 双鞋鞋店买
（2）名词格作定语
students’ books学生书
China’s capital中国首
the world’s population世界口
（3）manwomangentleman作定语
manwomangentleman作定语时单数复数两种形式必须修饰名词数定
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day 说明天两女医生村子
There are many men teachers in our school 学校男教师
（4）某常复数名词作定语
某常复数名词作定语时须复数形式
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄 foreign languages department外语系
（5）单位名称报纸广播电视等标题中常出现复数名词作定语
Learning Skills center学技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部
（6）表示类时名词直接作定语格作定语定严格遵守惯
a peasant familyboy(peasant惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker惯格作定语)
（7）两种定语时存意义样
women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver位妇女司机
girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 女孩朋友
mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲舌头
（8）名词作定语强调修饰成分容职根形容词作定语强调特点属性
gold watch 金表 (指手表含金) golden watch 金色表 (指表金色定含金)
6作状语
时间名词数量名词距离名词等时作状语
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night 战士夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms 手提箱重10千克
05
疑难名词较辨析
1force energy strength power
force表示＂力力量＂意思指做实现某事实际运力量
He overcame his bad habits by force of will毅力克服身良惯
Those people are the progressive forces in the society 社会进步力量
energy强调＂精力＂指做某事完成某事力指＂源＂
Young people usually have more energy than the old 青年通常老年精力充沛
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas wind and other forms of energy 国家正提高天然气风源形式利
strength表示＂力＂意思指做事情种力育着重指力气物言着重指强度潜力等
He lifted the stone with all his strength出全身力气举起块石头
The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed 位病没足够力气床
power 表示 ＂力量动力＂意思指身体心理道德力(否发挥出)
Knowledge is power知识力 量
I shall do everything in my power to help you力帮助
2manner means method way
manner表示＂方式方法＂意思指喜欢采方式
The manner of their meeting makes a good story 相见方式似传奇色彩
He has developed his own manner of acting 形成独特演出风格
means表示＂方法手段 工具＂意思
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job 学生时通晚工方法养活
The quickest means of travel is by plane快旅行工具飞机
Have you the means to support a family 维持家方法没
method指做某事具体步骤程序指系统抽象概念原理
His idea is all right but he lacks method想法错缺少方法
He is a man of method条理
method of teaching 教学方法 method of study 学方法
Roasting is one method of cooking meat 烤做肉种方法
way通词正式词义＂通道通路＂引申作＂方式方法＂讲含义广
In this way over several days the artist and his mice became friends 样天位艺术家老鼠成朋友
Look Work on it in this way 样搞
My parents always let me have my own way of living
1At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics
A approachesB meansC methodsD ways
答案D
解析会议讨三种学数学方法way意方式方法指具体方法指抽象方法指般思想行动办事方法指特殊方式方法approach意接方式方法指接某某事指处理事情方式方法mean意方式方法抽象意义指达某目采方法计划政策策略等尤指整套方法具体意义常指达某目工具材料机器 具车船等method意方式方法指具体系统步骤方法强调条理性高效率
3cost price value worth expense
cost表示＂成费＂意思 原指生产某种物品成 包括生产中支付原料劳动般低售价时泛指价格喻指付出代价甚生命
As a result costs will be reduced by as much as 90 成会降低90
China Daily has plenty of advertisements which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper 中国日报刊登量广告助降低报纸生产成
price表示＂价格价钱定价＂意思 指营商品出售单价通常高商品出厂成喻指做某事付出代价
Can you try to get them to bring down the price 价格讲
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital 首高价出售牛肉
value表示＂价值价格＂指估计件东西价值 金钱估价
Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone feeling alone in the modern world the value of having good friends and so on 现次写常常事——现代世界中孤独感交朋友价值等等
The park is good value for the money公园花钱值
worth意思价值指东西身真正价值久变贵
It was worth five hundred francs at the most值500法郎
He asked me how much this computer was worth 问台计算机值少钱
expense意思＂费支出开销＂指花费金钱时间精力
We travelled to France at our own expense 费法国旅行
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be 知道谁担负访问日费
4land ground soil earth
land表示＂陆土＂河流海洋相语指土土壤时着重指性质途等时泛指作＂国家产＂讲
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land岩石已变成沃土
But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on 愿意农田修建厂房
To the sea captain’s surprise he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant 位船长吃惊发现陆旅行愉快
ground(n )表示＂土＂意思指表面指土壤场喻指＂根理＂
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops 学会种植作物前拾掇毛糙土
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner然二班运动员传第四棒时接力棒掉
soil表示＂土壤土＂指生长植物富机物沃土宜农耕
When the plants are in the ground I’ll put some powder on the soil植物种里时里撒粉剂
He studied how to improve soil conditions研究改善土壤环境
earth表示＂球泥土＂着重指＂＂天空作＂泥土＂解时常坚硬岩石
Later in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth 星期植物埋泥土里
5practice exercise training drill
practice exercise training drill表示＂练训练＂意思
training表示＂训练培养教练锻炼＂意思般指身体锻炼动物训练士兵训练等
These football players had no strict training until they joined our club足球队员直加入俱乐部受严格训练
The athlete is in training运动员锻炼
The home training of children is the first class social problem 童家庭教育社会头等问题
exercise指提高技巧业务水规定＂练体格锻炼＂
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners 书中系列难易排列练适初学者应
You need more outdoor exercise需进行户外运动
practice指正规条理断反复 ＂练＂理道理贯彻行动中 ＂实践＂
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency 练会口语更流利
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism 理实践统马克思义基点
drill表示＂操练训练＂意思般指严格训练反反复复练军事练兵
Let’s do some pattern drills做句型练吧
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard士兵营场操练
6sign signal mark symbol
sign表示 ＂符号记号招牌＂等意思普通语指具公认意义简单意制定代表物
Letters are signs used to represent sounds字母代表声音符号
You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms休息室指示牌
signal表示 ＂暗号信号＂意思时意时意意强风讯号求救信号等
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound 电信号变成声音
mark表示 ＂痕迹记号商标特征分数＂意思指印物品记号坏两方面作动词时表示＂标明作记号＂意思
He got full marks in his maths test 数学测试中满分
Each stone was marked with a number 石头标明号码
symbol表示 ＂象征＂意思特强调意包含某特定意义东西意构成传达某特定意义事物
a good luck symbol 运气象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power 狮子作百兽王勇气权利象征
1 （2018·天津卷·单项填空）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space
A advice B order
C possibility D invitation
答案C
解析考查名词词义辨析语境理解句意：宇宙中星球存生命种性总激励科学家探索外部空间A advice建议B order命令C possibility性D invitation邀请选C
2 The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________
A solution B targetC measure D function
答案A
解析 句意：学校顾问会帮梳理问题会直接解决办法题考查名词辨析solution 解决问题办法target目标靶子measure措施function功作根句意知选A
3（2017年新课标I卷完形填空）Before the school year 47 (ended) I gave the kids a special 48 Tshirts with the words Verbs Are Your 49 on them I had advised the kids that while verbs（动词）may seem dull most of the 50(fun) things they do
48Alesson B gift C report D message
49 A Friends B Awards C Masters D Tasks
48答案B
解析考查名词辨析Alesson课教训 Bgift礼物 Creport 报告Dmessage信息根文知作者送Freddy件衬衫特殊礼物选B
49答案A
解析考查名词辨析AFriends 朋友BAwards奖 CMasters DTasks务衬衫写着动词朋友选A
4 （2017年北京卷完形填空）… In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities she has received a lot of 51 For example she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world…
51 A praisesB invitationsC repliesD appointments
52 A needsB interestsC dreamsD efforts
51答案A
解析考查名词A praises赞美B invitations邀请C replies回复D appointments约会收赞美文方面举例颁奖答案A
52 答案D
解析考查名词A needs需B interests兴趣C dreams梦想D efforts努力处指奖项认年轻改变世界作出努力根句意知选D
5 The accident caused some ________ to my carbut it’s nothing serious
A harm B injury C ruin D damage
答案D
解析考查名词damage指价值遭损坏 种损坏部分性完全根语境＂it is nothing serious＂选Dharm指肉体精神伤害injury指事中受伤ruin 喻中常指某物损坏程度
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